ENTRY       mtr00563                    Pathway
NAME        Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis - Medicago truncatula (barrel medic)
DESCRIPTION Cell surface proteins can be attached to the cell membrane via the glycolipid structure called glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Hundreds of GPI-anchored proteins have been identified in many eukaryotes ranging from protozoa and fungi to mammals. All protein-linked GPI anchors share a common core structure, characterized by the substructure Man (a1-4) GlcN (a1-6) myo-inositol-1P-lipid. Biosynthesis of GPI anchors proceeds in three stages: (i) preassembly of a GPI precursor in the ER membrane, (ii) attachment of the GPI to the C-terminus of a newly synthesized protein in the lumen of the ER, and (iii) lipid remodeling and/or carbohydrate side-chain modifications in the ER and the Golgi. Defects of GPI anchor biosynthesis gene result in a genetic disorder, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
CLASS       Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP mtr00563  Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis
DBLINKS     GO: 0006506
ORGANISM    Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) [GN:mtr]
GENE        25487844  phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A [KO:K03857] [EC:2.4.1.198]
            25493201  phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A [KO:K03857] [EC:2.4.1.198]
            11418442  phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit C [KO:K03859]
            11414151  uncharacterized protein LOC11414151 [KO:K03858]
            25502409  uncharacterized protein LOC25502409 isoform X1 [KO:K03858]
            25486129  phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit P [KO:K03861]
            25487478  phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit P [KO:K03861]
            11413315  uncharacterized protein LOC11413315 [KO:K03860]
            11441268  dolichol-phosphate mannose synthase subunit 2 [KO:K09658]
            11425238  dolichol-phosphate mannose synthase subunit 2 [KO:K09658]
            25493372  N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase isoform X2 [KO:K03434] [EC:3.5.1.89]
            11419508  uncharacterized protein At4g17910 isoform X1 [KO:K05283] [EC:2.3.-.-]
            11424177  uncharacterized protein At4g17910 [KO:K05283] [EC:2.3.-.-]
            11425026  GPI mannosyltransferase 1 [KO:K05284] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            11419499  phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class X protein [KO:K07541]
            11444054  GPI mannosyltransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07542] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            11443887  GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1 [KO:K05285] [EC:2.7.-.-]
            11419626  mannosyltransferase APTG1 isoform X2 [KO:K05286] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            25494146  GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3 [KO:K05288] [EC:2.7.-.-]
            25490139  phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein [KO:K05287]
            11405492  GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05310] [EC:2.7.-.-]
            11441000  glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein [KO:K05289]
            11422295  putative GPI-anchor transamidase [KO:K05290]
            25498256  GPI transamidase component PIG-S [KO:K05291]
            25500341  GPI transamidase component PIG-T isoform X1 [KO:K05292]
            25500342  GPI transamidase component PIG-T-like [KO:K05292]
            25493659  phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U protein [KO:K05293]
            11442389  uncharacterized protein LOC11442389 isoform X2 [KO:K05294] [EC:3.-.-.-]
            11439858  uncharacterized protein C630.12 [KO:K23362] [EC:3.1.-.-]
            11419917  metallophosphoesterase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K23362] [EC:3.1.-.-]
COMPOUND    C00154  Palmitoyl-CoA
            C00346  Ethanolamine phosphate
            C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
            C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
            G00143
            G00144
            G00145
            G00146
            G00148
            G00149
            G10610  UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
            G10617  Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose
            G12396  6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol
            G13044
            G13046
            G13128
            G13150
            G13151
            G13152
REFERENCE   PMID:12655644
  AUTHORS   Eisenhaber B, Maurer-Stroh S, Novatchkova M, Schneider G, Eisenhaber F.
  TITLE     Enzymes and auxiliary factors for GPI lipid anchor biosynthesis and post-translational transfer to proteins.
  JOURNAL   Bioessays 25:367-85 (2003)
            DOI:10.1002/bies.10254
REFERENCE   PMID:11102867
  AUTHORS   Kinoshita T, Inoue N.
  TITLE     Dissecting and manipulating the pathway for glycosylphos-phatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.
  JOURNAL   Curr Opin Chem Biol 4:632-8 (2000)
            DOI:10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00151-4
REFERENCE   PMID:8253761
  AUTHORS   Fankhauser C, Homans SW, Thomas-Oates JE, McConville MJ, Desponds C, Conzelmann A, Ferguson MA.
  TITLE     Structures of glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 268:26365-74 (1993)
REFERENCE   PMID:14517336
  AUTHORS   Murakami Y, Siripanyapinyo U, Hong Y, Kang JY, Ishihara S, Nakakuma H, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
  TITLE     PIG-W is critical for inositol acylation but not for flipping of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor.
  JOURNAL   Mol Biol Cell 14:4285-95 (2003)
            DOI:10.1091/mbc.E03-03-0193
REFERENCE   PMID:10329735
  AUTHORS   Benachour A, Sipos G, Flury I, Reggiori F, Canivenc-Gansel E, Vionnet C, Conzelmann A, Benghezal M.
  TITLE     Deletion of GPI7, a yeast gene required for addition of a side chain to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) core structure, affects GPI protein transport, remodeling, and cell wall integrity.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 274:15251-61 (1999)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.274.21.15251
REFERENCE   PMID:14734546
  AUTHORS   Tanaka S, Maeda Y, Tashima Y, Kinoshita T.
  TITLE     Inositol deacylation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins is mediated by mammalian PGAP1 and yeast Bst1p.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279:14256-63 (2004)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M313755200
REFERENCE   PMID:12802054
  AUTHORS   Hong Y, Ohishi K, Kang JY, Tanaka S, Inoue N, Nishimura J, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
  TITLE     Human PIG-U and yeast Cdc91p are the fifth subunit of GPI transamidase that attaches GPI-anchors to proteins.
  JOURNAL   Mol Biol Cell 14:1780-9 (2003)
            DOI:10.1091/mbc.E02-12-0794
REFERENCE   PMID:12807000
  AUTHORS   Tanaka S, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
  TITLE     [Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins]
  JOURNAL   Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 48:990-6 (2003)
REFERENCE   PMID:15623507
  AUTHORS   Kang JY, Hong Y, Ashida H, Shishioh N, Murakami Y, Morita YS, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
  TITLE     PIG-V involved in transferring the second mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 280:9489-97 (2005)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M413867200
REFERENCE   PMID:15635094
  AUTHORS   Ashida H, Hong Y, Murakami Y, Shishioh N, Sugimoto N, Kim YU, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
  TITLE     Mammalian PIG-X and yeast Pbn1p are the essential components of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I.
  JOURNAL   Mol Biol Cell 16:1439-48 (2005)
            DOI:10.1091/mbc.E04-09-0802
REFERENCE   PMID:24364251
  AUTHORS   Fujita M
  TITLE     [Biosynthesis and remodeling of GPI-anchored proteins].
  JOURNAL   Seikagaku 85:985-95 (2013)
REFERENCE   PMID:25509331
  AUTHORS   Kinoshita T
  TITLE     [Biochemistry of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins].
  JOURNAL   Seikagaku 86:626-36 (2014)
REFERENCE   PMID:19837036
  AUTHORS   Fujita M, Maeda Y, Ra M, Yamaguchi Y, Taguchi R, Kinoshita T
  TITLE     GPI glycan remodeling by PGAP5 regulates transport of GPI-anchored proteins from the ER to the Golgi.
  JOURNAL   Cell 139:352-65 (2009)
            DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.040
REFERENCE   PMID:26563290
  AUTHORS   Kinoshita T, Fujita M
  TITLE     Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins: special emphasis on GPI lipid remodeling.
  JOURNAL   J Lipid Res 57:6-24 (2016)
            DOI:10.1194/jlr.R063313
REL_PATHWAY mtr00510  N-Glycan biosynthesis
            mtr00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
KO_PATHWAY  ko00563
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