ENTRY       mtr00260                    Pathway
NAME        Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Medicago truncatula (barrel medic)
DESCRIPTION Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
CLASS       Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP mtr00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
MODULE      mtr_M00018  Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:mtr00260]
            mtr_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mtr00260]
            mtr_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mtr00260]
DBLINKS     GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
ORGANISM    Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) [GN:mtr]
GENE        25495901  aspartokinase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            11438559  aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            11410334  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            11442481  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            11415757  aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
            11434404  homoserine kinase [KO:K00872] [EC:2.7.1.39]
            11423271  threonine synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
            25494197  threonine synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
            25499717  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
            11405591  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
            11445860  serine hydroxymethyltransferase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            11415840  serine hydroxymethyltransferase 4 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            11424199  serine hydroxymethyltransferase 6 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            11420162  serine hydroxymethyltransferase 7 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            11442479  serine hydroxymethyltransferase 4 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            11405458  serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            11429401  serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            11440516  serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
            11423326  serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
            25485608  glycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K15893] [EC:1.1.1.29]
            25501000  glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase HPR3 [KO:K15919] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
            11442350  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            25489422  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            11417969  phosphoglycerate mutase-like protein 4 [KO:K15634] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            11406747  phosphoglycerate mutase-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K15634] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            11435852  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
            11436362  D-glycerate 3-kinase, chloroplastic [KO:K15918] [EC:2.7.1.31]
            11434383  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            25485421  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            11443166  phosphoserine aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
            11444501  phosphoserine phosphatase, chloroplastic [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
            25494032  primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            11413114  copper methylamine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            11436551  primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            25501447  copper methylamine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            25492054  primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            25494030  primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            11416558  copper methylamine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            11422876  primary amine oxidase 1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            11413174  primary amine oxidase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            11415278  glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
            11437303  aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
            11408806  dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            11422305  dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            25494137  dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            11443425  glycine cleavage system H protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
            11433975  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
            11442560  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            25490994  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            11433125  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            11409437  glutamate--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14272] [EC:2.6.1.4 2.6.1.2 2.6.1.44]
            11421939  choline monooxygenase, chloroplastic [KO:K00499] [EC:1.14.15.7]
            11412053  betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
            25489568  betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
            25489571  betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
            11437741  aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
            11442282  probable sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
            11432002  probable sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
            11433265  threonine dehydratase biosynthetic, chloroplastic isoform X2 [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
            11444153  serine racemase [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
            25499379  serine racemase [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
            120578243  serine racemase-like [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
            25499196  tryptophan synthase alpha chain [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            25499341  tryptophan synthase alpha chain [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            11424595  tryptophan synthase beta chain 1 [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            11446499  tryptophan synthase beta chain 1 [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            11446449  tryptophan synthase beta chain 1 [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            25495527  tryptophan synthase beta chain 2 [KO:K06001] [EC:4.2.1.20]
COMPOUND    C00011  CO2
            C00014  Ammonia
            C00022  Pyruvate
            C00037  Glycine
            C00048  Glyoxylate
            C00049  L-Aspartate
            C00065  L-Serine
            C00078  L-Tryptophan
            C00097  L-Cysteine
            C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
            C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
            C00114  Choline
            C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
            C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
            C00188  L-Threonine
            C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00213  Sarcosine
            C00258  D-Glycerate
            C00263  L-Homoserine
            C00300  Creatine
            C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
            C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
            C00546  Methylglyoxal
            C00576  Betaine aldehyde
            C00581  Guanidinoacetate
            C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00719  Betaine
            C00740  D-Serine
            C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
            C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
            C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
            C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
            C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
            C01888  Aminoacetone
            C02051  Lipoylprotein
            C02291  L-Cystathionine
            C02737  Phosphatidylserine
            C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
            C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
            C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
            C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
            C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
            C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
            C05519  L-Allothreonine
            C06231  Ectoine
            C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
            C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
            C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  TITLE     [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  JOURNAL   Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
REFERENCE   PMID:11823218
  AUTHORS   Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  TITLE     Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  JOURNAL   Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
            DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
REFERENCE   PMID:10473374
  AUTHORS   Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  TITLE     Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  JOURNAL   Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
            DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
REFERENCE   PMID:17636255
  AUTHORS   Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  TITLE     Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
REFERENCE   PMID:16707670
  AUTHORS   Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  TITLE     The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
REFERENCE   PMID:15470257
  AUTHORS   Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  TITLE     FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  JOURNAL   Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
            DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
REFERENCE   PMID:7639721
  AUTHORS   Rees WD, Hay SM
  TITLE     The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
            DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
REFERENCE   PMID:11341914
  AUTHORS   Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  TITLE     Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
            DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
REFERENCE   PMID:15520012
  AUTHORS   Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  TITLE     Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
REL_PATHWAY mtr00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
            mtr00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
            mtr00230  Purine metabolism
            mtr00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
            mtr00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
            mtr00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
            mtr00300  Lysine biosynthesis
            mtr00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
            mtr00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
            mtr00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
            mtr00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
            mtr00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
            mtr00620  Pyruvate metabolism
            mtr00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
            mtr00640  Propanoate metabolism
            mtr00860  Porphyrin metabolism
            mtr00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO_PATHWAY  ko00260
///
