ENTRY       hsa04972                    Pathway
NAME        Pancreatic secretion - Homo sapiens (human)
DESCRIPTION The pancreas performs both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas consists of two parts, the acinar and duct cells. The primary functions of pancreatic acinar cells are to synthesize and secrete digestive enzymes. Stimulation of the cell by secretagogues such as acetylcholine (ACh) and cholecystokinin (CCK) causes the generation of an intracellular Ca2+ signal. This signal, in turn, triggers the fusion of the zymogen granules with the apical plasma membrane, leading to the polarised secretion of the enzymes. The major task of pancreatic duct cells is the secretion of fluid and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), which neutralize the acidity of gastric contents that enter the duodenum. An increase in intracellular cAMP by secretin is one of the major signals of pancreatic HCO3- secretion. Activation of the CFTR Cl- channel and the CFTR-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities is responsible for cAMP-induced HCO3- secretion.
CLASS       Organismal Systems; Digestive system
PATHWAY_MAP hsa04972  Pancreatic secretion
DRUG        D00216  Acarbose (JAN/USAN/INN)
            D00717  Dicyclomine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
            D01006  Oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride (JAN)
            D01113  Loxiglumide (JAN/INN)
            D01165  Piperidolate hydrochloride (JAN)
            D01297  Pirenzepine hydrochloride (USAN)
            D01323  Azosemide (JP18/USAN/INN)
            D01491  Butropium bromide (JP18/INN)
            D01955  Aclatonium napadisilate (JAN)
            D02021  Secretin (JAN/USAN/INN)
            D02535  Timepidium bromide hydrate (JP18)
            D02693  Devazepide (USAN/INN)
            D02710  Tarazepide (INN)
            D03442  Ceruletide (USAN/INN)
            D03443  Ceruletide diethylamine (USAN)
            D03605  Crofelemer (USAN)
            D04028  Orlistat (JAN/USP/INN)
            D04057  Esoxybutynin chloride (USAN)
            D04970  Methacholine chloride (JAN/USP/INN)
            D05183  Ulinastatin (JP18)
            D05276  Pirenzepine hydrochloride hydrate (JP18)
            D07820  Dicycloverine (INN)
            D08325  Oxyphencyclimine (INN)
            D08382  Piperidolate (INN)
            D08389  Pirenzepine (INN)
            D09208  Cetilistat (JAN/USAN/INN)
            D10134  Lumacaftor (USAN)
            D10685  Lumacaftor and ivacaftor
            D11042  Tezacaftor and ivacaftor
            D11700  Elexacaftor, ivacaftor and tezacaftor
            D11724  Galicaftor (USAN/INN)
            D12140  Navocaftor (USAN/INN)
            D12454  Icenticaftor (USAN/INN)
DBLINKS     GO: 0030157
ORGANISM    Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
GENE        1131  CHRM3; cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 [KO:K04131]
            885  CCK; cholecystokinin [KO:K05226]
            886  CCKAR; cholecystokinin A receptor [KO:K04194]
            2776  GNAQ; G protein subunit alpha q [KO:K04634]
            23236  PLCB1; phospholipase C beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
            5330  PLCB2; phospholipase C beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
            5331  PLCB3; phospholipase C beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
            5332  PLCB4; phospholipase C beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
            5578  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
            5579  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
            5582  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
            9545  RAB3D; RAB3D, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07884]
            4218  RAB8A; RAB8A, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07901]
            8766  RAB11A; RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07904]
            5874  RAB27B; RAB27B, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07886]
            5906  RAP1A; RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family [KO:K04353]
            5908  RAP1B; RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family [KO:K07836]
            387  RHOA; ras homolog family member A [KO:K04513]
            5879  RAC1; Rac family small GTPase 1 [KO:K04392]
            278  AMY1C; amylase alpha 1C [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
            279  AMY2A; amylase alpha 2A [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
            276  AMY1A; amylase alpha 1A [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
            280  AMY2B; amylase alpha 2B [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
            277  AMY1B; amylase alpha 1B [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
            5646  PRSS3; serine protease 3 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
            5645  PRSS2; serine protease 2 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
            5644  PRSS1; serine protease 1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
            440387  CTRB2; chymotrypsinogen B2 [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
            1504  CTRB1; chymotrypsinogen B1 [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
            1506  CTRL; chymotrypsin like [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
            63036  CELA2A; chymotrypsin like elastase 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
            51032  CELA2B; chymotrypsin like elastase 2B [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
            10136  CELA3A; chymotrypsin like elastase 3A [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
            23436  CELA3B; chymotrypsin like elastase 3B [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
            1357  CPA1; carboxypeptidase A1 [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
            1358  CPA2; carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
            1359  CPA3; carboxypeptidase A3 [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
            1360  CPB1; carboxypeptidase B1 [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
            1361  CPB2; carboxypeptidase B2 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
            5406  PNLIP; pancreatic lipase [KO:K14073] [EC:3.1.1.3]
            5407  PNLIPRP1; pancreatic lipase related protein 1 [KO:K14074] [EC:3.1.1.3]
            5408  PNLIPRP2; pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (gene/pseudogene) [KO:K14075] [EC:3.1.1.3]
            1056  CEL; carboxyl ester lipase [KO:K12298] [EC:3.1.1.13 3.1.1.3]
            8399  PLA2G10; phospholipase A2 group X [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            26279  PLA2G2D; phospholipase A2 group IID [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            30814  PLA2G2E; phospholipase A2 group IIE [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            50487  PLA2G3; phospholipase A2 group III [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            64600  PLA2G2F; phospholipase A2 group IIF [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            81579  PLA2G12A; phospholipase A2 group XIIA [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            84647  PLA2G12B; phospholipase A2 group XIIB [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            5319  PLA2G1B; phospholipase A2 group IB [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            5322  PLA2G5; phospholipase A2 group V [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            5320  PLA2G2A; phospholipase A2 group IIA [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            391013  PLA2G2C; phospholipase A2 group IIC [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
            3708  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
            3709  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
            3710  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
            6262  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 [KO:K04962]
            952  CD38; CD38 molecule [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
            683  BST1; bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
            219931  TPCN2; two pore segment channel 2 [KO:K14077]
            487  ATP2A1; ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
            489  ATP2A3; ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 3 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
            488  ATP2A2; ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
            1179  CLCA1; chloride channel accessory 1 [KO:K05027]
            9635  CLCA2; chloride channel accessory 2 [KO:K05028]
            22802  CLCA4; chloride channel accessory 4 [KO:K05030]
            7220  TRPC1; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1 [KO:K04964]
            6558  SLC12A2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 [KO:K10951]
            476  ATP1A1; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
            477  ATP1A2; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
            478  ATP1A3; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
            480  ATP1A4; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
            23439  ATP1B4; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting family member beta 4 [KO:K01540]
            481  ATP1B1; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 1 [KO:K01540]
            482  ATP1B2; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 2 [KO:K01540]
            483  ATP1B3; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 3 [KO:K01540]
            486  FXYD2; FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2 [KO:K01538]
            3784  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 [KO:K04926]
            3778  KCNMA1; potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 [KO:K04936]
            490  ATP2B1; ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
            492  ATP2B3; ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
            493  ATP2B4; ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 4 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
            491  ATP2B2; ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 2 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
            6548  SLC9A1; solute carrier family 9 member A1 [KO:K05742]
            6522  SLC4A2; solute carrier family 4 member 2 [KO:K13855]
            6343  SCT; secretin [KO:K05263]
            6344  SCTR; secretin receptor [KO:K04588]
            2778  GNAS; GNAS complex locus [KO:K04632]
            107  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
            108  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
            109  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
            196883  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
            111  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
            112  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
            113  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
            114  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
            115  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
            1080  CFTR; CF transmembrane conductance regulator [KO:K05031] [EC:5.6.1.6]
            1811  SLC26A3; solute carrier family 26 member 3 [KO:K14078]
            8671  SLC4A4; solute carrier family 4 member 4 [KO:K13575]
            760  CA2; carbonic anhydrase 2 [KO:K18245] [EC:4.2.1.1]
COMPOUND    C00001  H2O
            C00011  CO2
            C00076  Calcium cation
            C00080  H+
            C00165  Diacylglycerol
            C00238  Potassium cation
            C00288  HCO3-
            C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
            C00698  Cl-
            C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
            C01330  Sodium cation
            C01353  Carbonic acid
            C01996  Acetylcholine
            C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
            C13051  Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
REFERENCE   PMID:17850212
  AUTHORS   Petersen OH, Tepikin AV
  TITLE     Polarized calcium signaling in exocrine gland cells.
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Physiol 70:273-99 (2008)
            DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100618
REFERENCE   PMID:20625287
  AUTHORS   Williams JA
  TITLE     Regulation of acinar cell function in the pancreas.
  JOURNAL   Curr Opin Gastroenterol 26:478-83 (2010)
            DOI:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32833d11c6
REFERENCE   PMID:16891880
  AUTHORS   Williams JA
  TITLE     Regulation of pancreatic acinar cell function.
  JOURNAL   Curr Opin Gastroenterol 22:498-504 (2006)
            DOI:10.1097/01.mog.0000239863.96833.c0
REFERENCE   PMID:15689674
  AUTHORS   Bi Y, Williams JA
  TITLE     Receptor biology and signal transduction in pancreatic acinar cells.
  JOURNAL   Curr Opin Gastroenterol 20:427-34 (2004)
            DOI:10.1097/00001574-200409000-00002
REFERENCE   PMID:14660554
  AUTHORS   Yamasaki M, Masgrau R, Morgan AJ, Churchill GC, Patel S, Ashcroft SJ, Galione A
  TITLE     Organelle selection determines agonist-specific Ca2+ signals in pancreatic acinar and beta cells.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279:7234-40 (2004)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M311088200
REFERENCE   PMID:9548666
  AUTHORS   Kanno T
  TITLE     Ca2+ signaling in the pancreatic acinus.
  JOURNAL   Pancreas 16:273-6 (1998)
REFERENCE   PMID:18626068
  AUTHORS   Heitzmann D, Warth R
  TITLE     Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  JOURNAL   Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
            DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
REFERENCE   PMID:14637169
  AUTHORS   Konturek SJ, Zabielski R, Konturek JW, Czarnecki J
  TITLE     Neuroendocrinology of the pancreas; role of brain-gut axis in pancreatic secretion.
  JOURNAL   Eur J Pharmacol 481:1-14 (2003)
            DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.042
REFERENCE   PMID:16888148
  AUTHORS   Chu JY, Yung WH, Chow BK
  TITLE     Secretin: a pleiotrophic hormone.
  JOURNAL   Ann N Y Acad Sci 1070:27-50 (2006)
            DOI:10.1196/annals.1317.013
REFERENCE   PMID:16930743
  AUTHORS   Siu FK, Lam IP, Chu JY, Chow BK
  TITLE     Signaling mechanisms of secretin receptor.
  JOURNAL   Regul Pept 137:95-104 (2006)
            DOI:10.1016/j.regpep.2006.02.011
REFERENCE   PMID:15709963
  AUTHORS   Steward MC, Ishiguro H, Case RM
  TITLE     Mechanisms of bicarbonate secretion in the pancreatic duct.
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Physiol 67:377-409 (2005)
            DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.031103.153247
REFERENCE   PMID:20224219
  AUTHORS   Kim D, Steward MC
  TITLE     The role of CFTR in bicarbonate secretion by pancreatic duct and airway epithelia.
  JOURNAL   J Med Invest 56 Suppl:336-42 (2009)
            DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.336
REFERENCE   PMID:17205399
  AUTHORS   Whitcomb DC, Lowe ME
  TITLE     Human pancreatic digestive enzymes.
  JOURNAL   Dig Dis Sci 52:1-17 (2007)
            DOI:10.1007/s10620-006-9589-z
REFERENCE   PMID:10835353
  AUTHORS   Cancela JM, Gerasimenko OV, Gerasimenko JV, Tepikin AV, Petersen OH
  TITLE     Two different but converging messenger pathways to intracellular Ca(2+) release: the roles of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, cyclic ADP-ribose and inositol trisphosphate.
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 19:2549-57 (2000)
            DOI:10.1093/emboj/19.11.2549
REFERENCE   PMID:10078532
  AUTHORS   Cancela JM, Churchill GC, Galione A
  TITLE     Coordination of agonist-induced Ca2+-signalling patterns by NAADP in pancreatic acinar cells.
  JOURNAL   Nature 398:74-6 (1999)
            DOI:10.1038/18032
REFERENCE   PMID:11087843
  AUTHORS   Parekh AB
  TITLE     Calcium signaling and acute pancreatitis: specific response to a promiscuous messenger.
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:12933-4 (2000)
            DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.24.12933
REFERENCE   PMID:19088252
  AUTHORS   Williams JA, Chen X, Sabbatini ME
  TITLE     Small G proteins as key regulators of pancreatic digestive enzyme secretion.
  JOURNAL   Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296:E405-14 (2009)
            DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.90874.2008
REL_PATHWAY hsa04020  Calcium signaling pathway
            hsa04530  Tight junction
            hsa04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
            hsa04974  Protein digestion and absorption
            hsa04975  Fat digestion and absorption
            hsa04977  Vitamin digestion and absorption
KO_PATHWAY  ko04972
///
