ENTRY       hsa01524                    Pathway
NAME        Platinum drug resistance - Homo sapiens (human)
DESCRIPTION Platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely used in the therapy of solid malignancies, including testicular, ovarian, head and neck, colorectal, bladder and lung cancers. The mechanism of action of Platinum-based drugs involves covalent binding to purine DNA bases, which primarily leads to cellular apoptosis. Their clinical success is, however, limited due to severe side effects and intrinsic or acquired resistance to the treatment. Platinum resistance could arise from decreased drug influx, increased drug efflux, intracellular detoxification by glutathione, etc., decreased binding (e.g., due to high intracellular pH), increased DNA repair, decreased mismatch repair, defective apoptosis, and altered oncogene expression.
CLASS       Human Diseases; Drug resistance: antineoplastic
PATHWAY_MAP hsa01524  Platinum drug resistance
ORGANISM    Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
REFERENCE   PMID:14576837
  AUTHORS   Siddik ZH
  TITLE     Cisplatin: mode of cytotoxic action and molecular basis of resistance.
  JOURNAL   Oncogene 22:7265-79 (2003)
            DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1206933
REFERENCE   PMID:26184483
  AUTHORS   Martinez-Balibrea E, Martinez-Cardus A, Gines A, Ruiz de Porras V, Moutinho C, Layos L, Manzano JL, Buges C, Bystrup S, Esteller M, Abad A
  TITLE     Tumor-Related Molecular Mechanisms of Oxaliplatin Resistance.
  JOURNAL   Mol Cancer Ther 14:1767-76 (2015)
            DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0636
REFERENCE   PMID:17625587
  AUTHORS   Kelland L
  TITLE     The resurgence of platinum-based cancer chemotherapy.
  JOURNAL   Nat Rev Cancer 7:573-84 (2007)
            DOI:10.1038/nrc2167
REFERENCE   PMID:26886018
  AUTHORS   Dilruba S, Kalayda GV
  TITLE     Platinum-based drugs: past, present and future.
  JOURNAL   Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 77:1103-24 (2016)
            DOI:10.1007/s00280-016-2976-z
REFERENCE   PMID:23442359
  AUTHORS   Lu HP, Chao CC
  TITLE     Cancer cells acquire resistance to anticancer drugs: an update.
  JOURNAL   Biomed J 35:464-72 (2012)
            DOI:10.4103/2319-4170.104411
REFERENCE   PMID:24074238
  AUTHORS   Koster R, van Vugt MA, Timmer-Bosscha H, Gietema JA, de Jong S
  TITLE     Unravelling mechanisms of cisplatin sensitivity and resistance in testicular cancer.
  JOURNAL   Expert Rev Mol Med 15:e12 (2013)
            DOI:10.1017/erm.2013.13
REFERENCE   PMID:21892204
  AUTHORS   Galluzzi L, Senovilla L, Vitale I, Michels J, Martins I, Kepp O, Castedo M, Kroemer G
  TITLE     Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance.
  JOURNAL   Oncogene 31:1869-83 (2012)
            DOI:10.1038/onc.2011.384
REFERENCE   PMID:17336087
  AUTHORS   Stewart DJ
  TITLE     Mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin.
  JOURNAL   Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 63:12-31 (2007)
            DOI:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.02.001
REFERENCE   PMID:20647037
  AUTHORS   Koberle B, Tomicic MT, Usanova S, Kaina B
  TITLE     Cisplatin resistance: preclinical findings and clinical implications.
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1806:172-82 (2010)
            DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.07.004
REFERENCE   PMID:25546083
  AUTHORS   Jacobsen C, Honecker F
  TITLE     Cisplatin resistance in germ cell tumours: models and mechanisms.
  JOURNAL   Andrology 3:111-21 (2015)
            DOI:10.1111/andr.299
REFERENCE   PMID:14609433
  AUTHORS   Fraser M, Leung B, Jahani-Asl A, Yan X, Thompson WE, Tsang BK
  TITLE     Chemoresistance in human ovarian cancer: the role of apoptotic regulators.
  JOURNAL   Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1:66 (2003)
            DOI:10.1186/1477-7827-1-66
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Sousa GF, Wlodarczyk SR, Monteiro G.
  TITLE     Carboplatin: molecular mechanisms of action associated with chemoresistance.
  JOURNAL   Braz J Pharm Sci 50:693-701 (2014)
            DOI:10.1590/S1984-82502014000400004
REFERENCE   PMID:24874729
  AUTHORS   Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Michels J, Brenner C, Szabadkai G, Harel-Bellan A, Castedo M, Kroemer G
  TITLE     Systems biology of cisplatin resistance: past, present and future.
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Dis 5:e1257 (2014)
            DOI:10.1038/cddis.2013.428
REFERENCE   PMID:25058905
  AUTHORS   Dasari S, Tchounwou PB
  TITLE     Cisplatin in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms of action.
  JOURNAL   Eur J Pharmacol 740:364-78 (2014)
            DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.025
REFERENCE   PMID:20811617
  AUTHORS   Basu A, Krishnamurthy S
  TITLE     Cellular responses to Cisplatin-induced DNA damage.
  JOURNAL   J Nucleic Acids 2010:201367 (2010)
            DOI:10.4061/2010/201367
REFERENCE   PMID:19190080
  AUTHORS   Chaudhry P, Asselin E
  TITLE     Resistance to chemotherapy and hormone therapy in endometrial cancer.
  JOURNAL   Endocr Relat Cancer 16:363-80 (2009)
            DOI:10.1677/ERC-08-0266
REFERENCE   PMID:26867799
  AUTHORS   Li X, Lin Z, Zhang B, Guo L, Liu S, Li H, Zhang J, Ye Q
  TITLE     beta-elemene sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to oxaliplatin by preventing oxaliplatin-induced degradation of copper transporter 1.
  JOURNAL   Sci Rep 6:21010 (2016)
            DOI:10.1038/srep21010
REFERENCE   PMID:15607932
  AUTHORS   Safaei R, Howell SB
  TITLE     Copper transporters regulate the cellular pharmacology and sensitivity to Pt drugs.
  JOURNAL   Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 53:13-23 (2005)
            DOI:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2004.09.007
REL_PATHWAY hsa03420  Nucleotide excision repair
            hsa03430  Mismatch repair
            hsa04012  ErbB signaling pathway
            hsa04110  Cell cycle
            hsa04115  p53 signaling pathway
            hsa04210  Apoptosis
KO_PATHWAY  ko01524
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