ENTRY       hsa00520                    Pathway
NAME        Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)
CLASS       Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP hsa00520  Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
MODULE      hsa_M00549  Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:hsa00520]
            hsa_M00554  Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:hsa00520]
            hsa_M00892  UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hsa00520]
NETWORK     nt06015  N-Glycan biosynthesis
  ELEMENT   N00667  N-Glycan precursor biosynthesis, Glc-6P to Man-P-Dol
            N00673  N-Glycan precursor biosynthesis, Glc-6P to UDP-Glu
DBLINKS     GO: 0006040 0009225
ORGANISM    Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
GENE        27159  CHIA; chitinase acidic [KO:K01183] [EC:3.2.1.14]
            1118  CHIT1; chitinase 1 [KO:K01183] [EC:3.2.1.14]
            3073  HEXA; hexosaminidase subunit alpha [KO:K12373] [EC:3.2.1.52]
            3074  HEXB; hexosaminidase subunit beta [KO:K12373] [EC:3.2.1.52]
            55577  NAGK; N-acetylglucosamine kinase [KO:K00884] [EC:2.7.1.59]
            51005  AMDHD2; amidohydrolase domain containing 2 [KO:K01443] [EC:3.5.1.25]
            10007  GNPDA1; glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 1 [KO:K02564] [EC:3.5.99.6]
            132789  GNPDA2; glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2 [KO:K02564] [EC:3.5.99.6]
            3101  HK3; hexokinase 3 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            3098  HK1; hexokinase 1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            3099  HK2; hexokinase 2 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            80201  HKDC1; hexokinase domain containing 1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            9945  GFPT2; glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 [KO:K00820] [EC:2.6.1.16]
            2673  GFPT1; glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 [KO:K00820] [EC:2.6.1.16]
            64841  GNPNAT1; glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1 [KO:K00621] [EC:2.3.1.4]
            5238  PGM3; phosphoglucomutase 3 [KO:K01836] [EC:5.4.2.3]
            2585  GALK2; galactokinase 2 [KO:K18674] [EC:2.7.1.157]
            6675  UAP1; UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 [KO:K00972] [EC:2.7.7.23 2.7.7.83]
            91373  UAP1L1; UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 like 1 [KO:K00972] [EC:2.7.7.23 2.7.7.83]
            10020  GNE; glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase [KO:K12409] [EC:3.2.1.183 2.7.1.60]
            5973  RENBP; renin binding protein [KO:K01787] [EC:5.1.3.8]
            54187  NANS; N-acetylneuraminate synthase [KO:K05304] [EC:2.5.1.56 2.5.1.57 2.5.1.132]
            140838  NANP; N-acetylneuraminic acid phosphatase [KO:K01097] [EC:3.1.3.29]
            80896  NPL; N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase [KO:K01639] [EC:4.1.3.3]
            55907  CMAS; cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase [KO:K21749] [EC:2.7.7.43 2.7.7.92]
            51706  CYB5R1; cytochrome b5 reductase 1 [KO:K00326] [EC:1.6.2.2]
            1727  CYB5R3; cytochrome b5 reductase 3 [KO:K00326] [EC:1.6.2.2]
            51700  CYB5R2; cytochrome b5 reductase 2 [KO:K00326] [EC:1.6.2.2]
            606495  CYB5RL; cytochrome b5 reductase like [KO:K00326] [EC:1.6.2.2]
            51167  CYB5R4; cytochrome b5 reductase 4 [KO:K00326] [EC:1.6.2.2]
            80146  UXS1; UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K08678] [EC:4.1.1.35]
            2645  GCK; glucokinase [KO:K12407] [EC:2.7.1.2]
            5236  PGM1; phosphoglucomutase 1 [KO:K01835] [EC:5.4.2.2]
            55276  PGM2; phosphoglucomutase 2 [KO:K15779] [EC:5.4.2.2 5.4.2.7]
            7360  UGP2; UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 [KO:K00963] [EC:2.7.7.9]
            7358  UGDH; UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase [KO:K00012] [EC:1.1.1.22]
            2584  GALK1; galactokinase 1 [KO:K00849] [EC:2.7.1.6]
            2592  GALT; galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase [KO:K00965] [EC:2.7.7.12]
            2582  GALE; UDP-galactose-4-epimerase [KO:K01784] [EC:5.1.3.2]
            2821  GPI; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [KO:K01810] [EC:5.3.1.9]
            4351  MPI; mannose phosphate isomerase [KO:K01809] [EC:5.3.1.8]
            5373  PMM2; phosphomannomutase 2 [KO:K17497] [EC:5.4.2.8]
            5372  PMM1; phosphomannomutase 1 [KO:K17497] [EC:5.4.2.8]
            29925  GMPPB; GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B [KO:K00966] [EC:2.7.7.13]
            29926  GMPPA; GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase A [KO:K00966] [EC:2.7.7.13]
            2762  GMDS; GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase [KO:K01711] [EC:4.2.1.47]
            7264  GFUS; GDP-L-fucose synthase [KO:K02377] [EC:1.1.1.271]
            197258  FCSK; fucose kinase [KO:K05305] [EC:2.7.1.52]
            8790  FPGT; fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase [KO:K00976] [EC:2.7.7.30]
COMPOUND    C00029  UDP-glucose
            C00031  D-Glucose
            C00043  UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
            C00052  UDP-alpha-D-galactose
            C00096  GDP-mannose
            C00103  D-Glucose 1-phosphate
            C00128  CMP-N-acetylneuraminate
            C00140  N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
            C00159  D-Mannose
            C00167  UDP-glucuronate
            C00181  D-Xylose
            C00190  UDP-D-xylose
            C00191  D-Glucuronate
            C00203  UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
            C00216  D-Arabinose
            C00259  L-Arabinose
            C00267  alpha-D-Glucose
            C00270  N-Acetylneuraminate
            C00275  D-Mannose 6-phosphate
            C00325  GDP-L-fucose
            C00329  D-Glucosamine
            C00333  D-Galacturonate
            C00352  D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate
            C00357  N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate
            C00394  GDP-glucose
            C00446  alpha-D-Galactose 1-phosphate
            C00461  Chitin
            C00498  ADP-glucose
            C00501  CDP-glucose
            C00617  UDP-D-galacturonate
            C00636  D-Mannose 1-phosphate
            C00645  N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine
            C00668  alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
            C00714  Pectin
            C00734  Chitosan
            C00935  UDP-L-arabinose
            C00976  GDP-D-mannuronate
            C00984  alpha-D-Galactose
            C00996  Ferricytochrome b5
            C00999  Ferrocytochrome b5
            C01019  L-Fucose
            C01050  UDP-N-acetylmuramate
            C01132  N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine
            C01170  UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine
            C01219  CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose
            C01222  GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose
            C01623  UDP-apiose
            C01674  Chitobiose
            C01788  CDP-abequose
            C02199  UDP-L-rhamnose
            C02280  GDP-L-galactose
            C02336  beta-D-Fructose
            C02352  1,4-beta-D-Xylan
            C02474  Arabinan
            C02713  N-Acetylmuramate
            C02977  GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose
            C02985  L-Fucose 1-phosphate
            C03117  GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose
            C03410  N-Glycoloyl-neuraminate
            C03598  CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose
            C03599  CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose
            C03691  CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate
            C03733  UDP-alpha-D-galactofuranose
            C03906  beta-L-Arabinose 1-phosphate
            C04037  1-Phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate
            C04089  UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose
            C04257  N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate
            C04297  CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose
            C04501  N-Acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate
            C04573  UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate
            C04613  UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxyglucose
            C04630  UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose
            C04631  UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
            C05345  beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphate
            C05385  D-Glucuronate 1-phosphate
            C06023  D-Glucosaminide
            C06156  alpha-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate
            C06240  UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronate
            C06241  N-Acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate
            C06377  D-Galactosamine 6-phosphate
            C11521  UDP-6-sulfoquinovose
            C13952  UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminuronic acid
            C15925  GDP-L-gulose
            C16153  UDP-L-Ara4N
            C16154  UDP-L-Ara4FN
            C16155  UDP-L-Ara4O
            C16156  Undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4FN
            C16157  Undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N
            C16183  alpha-D-Arabinopyranose 1-phosphate
            C16698  N-Acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate
            C17269  GDP-D-arabinopyranose
            C17326  CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose epimer
            C17327  CDP-ascarylose
            C17328  UDP-4-keto-rhamnose
            C18060  N-Acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
            C18094  UDP-L-arabinofuranose
            C19725  UDP-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate
            C19745  UDP-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannuronate
            C19769  1,6-Anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramate
            C19823  UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-hexos-4-ulose
            C19961  UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-beta-L-altrosamine
            C19971  UDP-2,4-bis(acetamido)-2,4,6-trideoxy-beta-L-altropyranose
            C19972  2,4-Bis(acetamido)-2,4,6-trideoxy-beta-L-altropyranose
            C20082  Pseudaminic acid
            C20083  CMP-pseudaminic acid
            C20357  UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine
            C20359  UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate
            C20395  UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate
            C20418  N,N'-Diacetyllegionaminate
            C20419  CMP-N,N'-diacetyllegionaminate
            C20424  2,4-Diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-mannopyranose
            C20638  GDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose
            C20672  GDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose
            C20934  3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate
            C21027  N-Acetylmuramic acid alpha-1-phosphate
            C21383  3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate 9-phosphate
            C21384  CMP-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosonate
            C22029  alpha-D-Galactosamine 1-phosphate
REFERENCE   PMID:2793832
  AUTHORS   Wyk P, Reeves P
  TITLE     Identification and sequence of the gene for abequose synthase, which confers antigenic specificity on group B salmonellae: homology with galactose epimerase.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 171:5687-93 (1989)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.171.10.5687-5693.1989
REFERENCE   PMID:8071227
  AUTHORS   Thorson JS, Lo SF, Ploux O, He X, Liu HW
  TITLE     Studies of the biosynthesis of 3,6-dideoxyhexoses: molecular cloning and characterization of the asc (ascarylose) region from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serogroup VA.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 176:5483-93 (1994)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.176.17.5483-5493.1994
REFERENCE   PMID:8444803
  AUTHORS   Kessler AC, Haase A, Reeves PR
  TITLE     Molecular analysis of the 3,6-dideoxyhexose pathway genes of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serogroup IIA.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 175:1412-22 (1993)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.175.5.1412-1422.1993
REFERENCE   PMID:9811644
  AUTHORS   Danese PN, Oliver GR, Barr K, Bowman GD, Rick PD, Silhavy TJ
  TITLE     Accumulation of the enterobacterial common antigen lipid II biosynthetic intermediate stimulates degP transcription in Escherichia coli.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 180:5875-84 (1998)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.180.22.5875-5884.1998
REFERENCE   PMID:10931327
  AUTHORS   Skurnik M, Peippo A, Ervela E
  TITLE     Characterization of the O-antigen gene clusters of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the cryptic O-antigen gene cluster of Yersinia pestis shows that the plague bacillus is most closely related to and has evolved from Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1b.
  JOURNAL   Mol Microbiol 37:316-30 (2000)
            DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01993.x
REFERENCE   PMID:10984043
  AUTHORS   Stover CK, Pham XQ, Erwin AL, Mizoguchi SD, Warrener P, Hickey MJ, Brinkman FS, Hufnagle WO, Kowalik DJ, Lagrou M, Garber RL, Goltry L, Tolentino E, Westbrock-Wadman S, Yuan Y, Brody LL, Coulter SN, Folger KR, Kas A, Larbig K, Lim R, Smith K, Spencer D, Wong GK, Wu Z, Paulsen IT, Reizer J, Saier MH, Hancock RE, Lory S, Olson MV
  TITLE     Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen.
  JOURNAL   Nature 406:959-64 (2000)
            DOI:10.1038/35023079
REFERENCE   PMID:11447132
  AUTHORS   Ringenberg M, Lichtensteiger C, Vimr E
  TITLE     Redirection of sialic acid metabolism in genetically engineered Escherichia coli.
  JOURNAL   Glycobiology 11:533-9 (2001)
            DOI:10.1093/glycob/11.7.533
REFERENCE   PMID:12562791
  AUTHORS   McCoy AJ, Sandlin RC, Maurelli AT
  TITLE     In vitro and in vivo functional activity of Chlamydia MurA, a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase involved in peptidoglycan synthesis and fosfomycin resistance.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 185:1218-28 (2003)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.185.4.1218-1228.2003
REFERENCE   PMID:14450717
  AUTHORS   JACOBSON B, DAVIDSON EA
  TITLE     Biosynthesis of uronic acids by skin enzymes. I. Uridine diphosphate-D-glucuronic acid-5-epimerase.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 237:638-42 (1962)
REFERENCE   PMID:15134748
  AUTHORS   Seifert GJ
  TITLE     Nucleotide sugar interconversions and cell wall biosynthesis: how to bring the inside to the outside.
  JOURNAL   Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:277-84 (2004)
            DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2004.03.004
REFERENCE   PMID:15489439
  AUTHORS   Uehara T, Park JT
  TITLE     The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase of Escherichia coli and its role in murein recycling.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 186:7273-9 (2004)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.186.21.7273-7279.2004
REFERENCE   PMID:15695810
  AUTHORS   Breazeale SD, Ribeiro AA, McClerren AL, Raetz CR.
  TITLE     A formyltransferase required for polymyxin resistance in Escherichia coli and the modification of lipid A with 4-Amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose. Identification and function oF UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 280:14154-67 (2005)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M414265200
REFERENCE   PMID:15809294
  AUTHORS   Williams GJ, Breazeale SD, Raetz CR, Naismith JH.
  TITLE     Structure and function of both domains of ArnA, a dual function decarboxylase and a formyltransferase, involved in 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose biosynthesis.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 280:23000-8 (2005)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M501534200
REFERENCE   PMID:16237198
  AUTHORS   Maliekal P, Vertommen D, Delpierre G, Van Schaftingen E
  TITLE     Identification of the sequence encoding N-acetylneuraminate-9-phosphate phosphatase.
  JOURNAL   Glycobiology 16:165-72 (2006)
            DOI:10.1093/glycob/cwj050
REFERENCE   PMID:16277754
  AUTHORS   Campbell CT, Yarema KJ
  TITLE     Large-scale approaches for glycobiology.
  JOURNAL   Genome Biol 6:236 (2005)
            DOI:10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-236
REFERENCE   PMID:16452451
  AUTHORS   Uehara T, Suefuji K, Jaeger T, Mayer C, Park JT
  TITLE     MurQ Etherase is required by Escherichia coli in order to metabolize anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid obtained either from the environment or from its own cell wall.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 188:1660-2 (2006)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.188.4.1660-1662.2006
REFERENCE   PMID:16995900
  AUTHORS   Lanot A, Hodge D, Jackson RG, George GL, Elias L, Lim EK, Vaistij FE, Bowles DJ
  TITLE     The glucosyltransferase UGT72E2 is responsible for monolignol 4-O-glucoside production in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  JOURNAL   Plant J 48:286-95 (2006)
            DOI:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02872.x
REFERENCE   PMID:17085508
  AUTHORS   Muller R, Morant M, Jarmer H, Nilsson L, Nielsen TH
  TITLE     Genome-wide analysis of the Arabidopsis leaf transcriptome reveals interaction of phosphate and sugar metabolism.
  JOURNAL   Plant Physiol 143:156-71 (2007)
            DOI:10.1104/pp.106.090167
REFERENCE   PMID:17190829
  AUTHORS   Oka T, Nemoto T, Jigami Y
  TITLE     Functional analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana RHM2/MUM4, a multidomain protein involved in UDP-D-glucose to UDP-L-rhamnose conversion.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 282:5389-403 (2007)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M610196200
REFERENCE   PMID:17827295
  AUTHORS   Greenberg DE, Porcella SF, Zelazny AM, Virtaneva K, Sturdevant DE, Kupko JJ 3rd, Barbian KD, Babar A, Dorward DW, Holland SM.
  TITLE     Genome sequence analysis of the emerging human pathogenic acetic acid bacterium Granulibacter bethesdensis.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 189:8727-36 (2007)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.00793-07
REFERENCE   PMID:18199744
  AUTHORS   Kotake T, Hojo S, Tajima N, Matsuoka K, Koyama T, Tsumuraya Y
  TITLE     A bifunctional enzyme with L-fucokinase and GDP-L-fucose pyrophosphorylase activities salvages free L-fucose in Arabidopsis.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 283:8125-35 (2008)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M710078200
REFERENCE   PMID:18304669
  AUTHORS   Vorholter FJ, Schneiker S, Goesmann A, Krause L, Bekel T, Kaiser O, Linke B, Patschkowski T, Ruckert C, Schmid J, Sidhu VK, Sieber V, Tauch A, Watt SA, Weisshaar B, Becker A, Niehaus K, Puhler A.
  TITLE     The genome of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris B100 and its use for the reconstruction of metabolic pathways involved in xanthan biosynthesis.
  JOURNAL   J Biotechnol 134:33-45 (2008)
            DOI:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.12.013
REFERENCE   PMID:11479276
  AUTHORS   Albermann C, Piepersberg W
  TITLE     Expression and identification of the RfbE protein from Vibrio cholerae O1 and its use for the enzymatic synthesis of GDP-D-perosamine.
  JOURNAL   Glycobiology 11:655-61 (2001)
            DOI:10.1093/glycob/11.8.655
REL_PATHWAY hsa00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
            hsa00040  Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
            hsa00051  Fructose and mannose metabolism
            hsa00052  Galactose metabolism
            hsa00053  Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
            hsa00500  Starch and sucrose metabolism
            hsa00510  N-Glycan biosynthesis
            hsa00524  Neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis
KO_PATHWAY  ko00520
///
