ENTRY       hsa00260                    Pathway
NAME        Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)
DESCRIPTION Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
CLASS       Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP hsa00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
MODULE      hsa_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:hsa00260]
            hsa_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:hsa00260]
            hsa_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:hsa00260]
DRUG        D00505  Phenelzine sulfate (USP)
            D00826  Tranylcypromine sulfate (USP)
            D01888  Safrazine hydrochloride (JAN)
            D02559  Toloxatone (INN)
            D02560  Brofaromine (INN)
            D02561  Moclobemide (USAN/INN)
            D02563  Befloxatone (INN)
            D02579  Iproniazid (INN)
            D02580  Isocarboxazid (INN)
            D03248  Clorgiline (INN)
            D03409  Caroxazone (USAN/INN)
            D07337  Nialamide (INN)
            D07338  Iproclozide (INN)
            D08085  Iproniazid phosphate
            D08349  Phenelzine (BAN)
            D08392  Pirlindole (INN)
            D08393  Pirlindole hydrochloride
            D08625  Tranylcypromine (INN)
DBLINKS     GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
ORGANISM    Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
GENE        6472  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            6470  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            189  AGXT; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
            9380  GRHPR; glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
            132158  GLYCTK; glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
            5223  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            5224  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            441531  PGAM4; phosphoglycerate mutase family member 4 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            669  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
            26227  PHGDH; phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            29968  PSAT1; phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
            5723  PSPH; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
            23464  GCAT; glycine C-acetyltransferase [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
            211  ALAS1; 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
            212  ALAS2; 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
            4129  MAOB; monoamine oxidase B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
            4128  MAOA; monoamine oxidase A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
            8639  AOC3; amine oxidase copper containing 3 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            314  AOC2; amine oxidase copper containing 2 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            2731  GLDC; glycine decarboxylase [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
            275  AMT; aminomethyltransferase [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
            1738  DLD; dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            2653  GCSH; glycine cleavage system protein H [KO:K02437]
            1610  DAO; D-amino acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
            64902  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            2628  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
            2593  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
            55349  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
            501  ALDH7A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
            635  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
            29958  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
            51268  PIPOX; pipecolic acid and sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
            1757  SARDH; sarcosine dehydrogenase [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
            27232  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
            875  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
            102724560  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase like [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
            1491  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
            10993  SDS; serine dehydratase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
            113675  SDSL; serine dehydratase like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
            63826  SRR; serine racemase [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
COMPOUND    C00011  CO2
            C00014  Ammonia
            C00022  Pyruvate
            C00037  Glycine
            C00048  Glyoxylate
            C00049  L-Aspartate
            C00065  L-Serine
            C00078  L-Tryptophan
            C00097  L-Cysteine
            C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
            C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
            C00114  Choline
            C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
            C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
            C00188  L-Threonine
            C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00213  Sarcosine
            C00258  D-Glycerate
            C00263  L-Homoserine
            C00300  Creatine
            C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
            C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
            C00546  Methylglyoxal
            C00576  Betaine aldehyde
            C00581  Guanidinoacetate
            C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00719  Betaine
            C00740  D-Serine
            C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
            C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
            C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
            C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
            C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
            C01888  Aminoacetone
            C02051  Lipoylprotein
            C02291  L-Cystathionine
            C02737  Phosphatidylserine
            C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
            C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
            C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
            C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
            C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
            C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
            C05519  L-Allothreonine
            C06231  Ectoine
            C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
            C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
            C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  TITLE     [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  JOURNAL   Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
REFERENCE   PMID:11823218
  AUTHORS   Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  TITLE     Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  JOURNAL   Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
            DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
REFERENCE   PMID:10473374
  AUTHORS   Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  TITLE     Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  JOURNAL   Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
            DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
REFERENCE   PMID:17636255
  AUTHORS   Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  TITLE     Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
REFERENCE   PMID:16707670
  AUTHORS   Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  TITLE     The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
REFERENCE   PMID:15470257
  AUTHORS   Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  TITLE     FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  JOURNAL   Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
            DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
REFERENCE   PMID:7639721
  AUTHORS   Rees WD, Hay SM
  TITLE     The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
            DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
REFERENCE   PMID:11341914
  AUTHORS   Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  TITLE     Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
            DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
REFERENCE   PMID:15520012
  AUTHORS   Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  TITLE     Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
REL_PATHWAY hsa00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
            hsa00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
            hsa00230  Purine metabolism
            hsa00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
            hsa00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
            hsa00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
            hsa00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
            hsa00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
            hsa00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
            hsa00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
            hsa00620  Pyruvate metabolism
            hsa00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
            hsa00640  Propanoate metabolism
            hsa00860  Porphyrin metabolism
            hsa00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO_PATHWAY  ko00260
///
