ENTRY       gmx00543                    Pathway
NAME        Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis - Glycine max (soybean)
DESCRIPTION Extracellular polysaccharides or exopolysaccharides (EPS) are diverse macromolecules synthesized by microorganisms and secreted into the surrounding environment. Major parts of biofilms for bacterial communities are formed by exopolysaccharides, such as colonic acid, alginate, Psl polysaccharide, poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine and vibrio polysaccharide. Other examples of EPSs include amylovoran and stewartan in plant-pathogenic bacteria, as well as industrially used xanthan.
CLASS       Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP gmx00543  Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis
ORGANISM    Glycine max (soybean) [GN:gmx]
GENE        547632  serine acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            100775449  serine acetyltransferase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            100778586  serine acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            100815091  serine acetyltransferase 5 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            100820316  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            100812677  serine acetyltransferase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            100816378  serine acetyltransferase 3, mitochondrial [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            100806181  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            100779106  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            100796461  serine acetyltransferase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            606507  SAT1; serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
REFERENCE   PMID:8759852
  AUTHORS   Stevenson G, Andrianopoulos K, Hobbs M, Reeves PR
  TITLE     Organization of the Escherichia coli K-12 gene cluster responsible for production of the extracellular polysaccharide colanic acid.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 178:4885-93 (1996)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.178.16.4885-4893.1996
REFERENCE   PMID:16756484
  AUTHORS   Whitfield C
  TITLE     Biosynthesis and assembly of capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli.
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Biochem 75:39-68 (2006)
            DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142545
REFERENCE   PMID:32590169
  AUTHORS   Wang C, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen S, Wang Z, Zhao L, Wang X
  TITLE     Colanic acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli is dependent on lipopolysaccharide structure and glucose availability.
  JOURNAL   Microbiol Res 239:126527 (2020)
            DOI:10.1016/j.micres.2020.126527
REFERENCE   PMID:17227761
  AUTHORS   Meredith TC, Mamat U, Kaczynski Z, Lindner B, Holst O, Woodard RW
  TITLE     Modification of lipopolysaccharide with colanic acid (M-antigen) repeats in Escherichia coli.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 282:7790-8 (2007)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M611034200
REFERENCE   PMID:22408159
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  TITLE     Functional characterization of UDP-glucose:undecaprenyl-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate transferases of Escherichia coli and Caulobacter crescentus.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 194:2646-57 (2012)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.06052-11
REFERENCE   PMID:11673418
  AUTHORS   Rahman A, Barr K, Rick PD
  TITLE     Identification of the structural gene for the TDP-Fuc4NAc:lipid II Fuc4NAc transferase involved in synthesis of enterobacterial common antigen in Escherichia coli K-12.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 183:6509-16 (2001)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.183.22.6509-6516.2001
REFERENCE   PMID:1730666
  AUTHORS   Meier-Dieter U, Barr K, Starman R, Hatch L, Rick PD
  TITLE     Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli rfe gene involved in the synthesis of enterobacterial common antigen. Molecular cloning of the rfe-rff gene cluster.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267:746-53 (1992)
REFERENCE   PMID:32839412
  AUTHORS   Maciejewska A, Kaszowska M, Jachymek W, Lugowski C, Lukasiewicz J
  TITLE     Lipopolysaccharide-Linked Enterobacterial Common Antigen (ECALPS) Occurs in Rough Strains of Escherichia coli R1, R2, and R4.
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 21:E6038 (2020)
            DOI:10.3390/ijms21176038
REFERENCE   PMID:32788387
  AUTHORS   Rai AK, Mitchell AM
  TITLE     Enterobacterial Common Antigen: Synthesis and Function of an Enigmatic Molecule.
  JOURNAL   mBio 11:e01914-20 (2020)
            DOI:10.1128/mBio.01914-20
REFERENCE   PMID:28988302
  AUTHORS   Urtuvia V, Maturana N, Acevedo F, Pena C, Diaz-Barrera A
  TITLE     Bacterial alginate production: an overview of its biosynthesis and potential industrial production.
  JOURNAL   World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:198 (2017)
            DOI:10.1007/s11274-017-2363-x
REFERENCE   PMID:18524915
  AUTHORS   Oglesby LL, Jain S, Ohman DE
  TITLE     Membrane topology and roles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alg8 and Alg44 in alginate  polymerization.
  JOURNAL   Microbiology 154:1605-15 (2008)
            DOI:10.1099/mic.0.2007/015305-0
REFERENCE   PMID:12003941
  AUTHORS   Franklin MJ, Ohman DE
  TITLE     Mutant analysis and cellular localization of the AlgI, AlgJ, and AlgF proteins required for O acetylation of alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 184:3000-7 (2002)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.184.11.3000-3007.2002
REFERENCE   PMID:23779107
  AUTHORS   Riley LM, Weadge JT, Baker P, Robinson H, Codee JD, Tipton PA, Ohman DE, Howell PL
  TITLE     Structural and functional characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgX: role of AlgX in alginate acetylation.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 288:22299-314 (2013)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M113.484931
REFERENCE   PMID:15231778
  AUTHORS   Jackson KD, Starkey M, Kremer S, Parsek MR, Wozniak DJ
  TITLE     Identification of psl, a locus encoding a potential exopolysaccharide that is essential for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 186:4466-75 (2004)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.186.14.4466-4475.2004
REFERENCE   PMID:19659934
  AUTHORS   Byrd MS, Sadovskaya I, Vinogradov E, Lu H, Sprinkle AB, Richardson SH, Ma L, Ralston B, Parsek MR, Anderson EM, Lam JS, Wozniak DJ
  TITLE     Genetic and biochemical analyses of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Psl exopolysaccharide reveal overlapping roles for polysaccharide synthesis enzymes in Psl and LPS production.
  JOURNAL   Mol Microbiol 73:622-38 (2009)
            DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06795.x
REFERENCE   PMID:21991261
  AUTHORS   Franklin MJ, Nivens DE, Weadge JT, Howell PL
  TITLE     Biosynthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Extracellular Polysaccharides, Alginate, Pel, and Psl.
  JOURNAL   Front Microbiol 2:167 (2011)
            DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00167
REFERENCE   PMID:9660830
  AUTHORS   Gerke C, Kraft A, Sussmuth R, Schweitzer O, Gotz F
  TITLE     Characterization of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity involved in the biosynthesis of the Staphylococcus epidermidis polysaccharide intercellular adhesin.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 273:18586-93 (1998)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.29.18586
REFERENCE   PMID:15090514
  AUTHORS   Wang X, Preston JF 3rd, Romeo T
  TITLE     The pgaABCD locus of Escherichia coli promotes the synthesis of a polysaccharide adhesin required for biofilm formation.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 186:2724-34 (2004)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.186.9.2724-2734.2004
REFERENCE   PMID:18359807
  AUTHORS   Itoh Y, Rice JD, Goller C, Pannuri A, Taylor J, Meisner J, Beveridge TJ, Preston JF 3rd, Romeo T
  TITLE     Roles of pgaABCD genes in synthesis, modification, and export of the Escherichia coli biofilm adhesin poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 190:3670-80 (2008)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.01920-07
REFERENCE   PMID:24520310
  AUTHORS   Yildiz F, Fong J, Sadovskaya I, Grard T, Vinogradov E
  TITLE     Structural characterization of the extracellular polysaccharide from Vibrio cholerae O1 El-Tor.
  JOURNAL   PLoS One 9:e86751 (2014)
            DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0086751
REFERENCE   PMID:20466768
  AUTHORS   Fong JC, Syed KA, Klose KE, Yildiz FH
  TITLE     Role of Vibrio polysaccharide (vps) genes in VPS production, biofilm formation and Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis.
  JOURNAL   Microbiology 156:2757-69 (2010)
            DOI:10.1099/mic.0.040196-0
REFERENCE   PMID:8988363
  AUTHORS   Griffin AM, Morris VJ, Gasson MJ
  TITLE     Genetic analysis of the acetan biosynthetic pathway in Acetobacter xylinum: nucleotide sequence analysis of the aceB, aceC, aceD and aceE genes.
  JOURNAL   DNA Seq 6:275-84 (1996)
            DOI:10.3109/10425179609020874
REFERENCE   PMID:33799945
  AUTHORS   Trcek J, Dogsa I, Accetto T, Stopar D
  TITLE     Acetan and Acetan-Like Polysaccharides: Genetics, Biosynthesis, Structure, and Viscoelasticity.
  JOURNAL   Polymers (Basel) 13:815 (2021)
            DOI:10.3390/polym13050815
REFERENCE   PMID:8910054
  AUTHORS   Ojinnaka C, Jay AJ, Colquhoun IJ, Brownsey GJ, Morris ER, Morris VJ
  TITLE     Structure and conformation of acetan polysaccharide.
  JOURNAL   Int J Biol Macromol 19:149-56 (1996)
            DOI:10.1016/0141-8130(96)01120-8
REFERENCE   PMID:7780996
  AUTHORS   Colquhoun IJ, Defernez M, Morris VJ
  TITLE     NMR studies of acetan and the related bacterial polysaccharide, CR1/4, produced by a mutant strain of Acetobacter xylinum.
  JOURNAL   Carbohydr Res 269:319-31 (1995)
            DOI:10.1016/0008-6215(94)00367-o
REFERENCE   PMID:9763683
  AUTHORS   Becker A, Katzen F, Puhler A, Ielpi L.
  TITLE     Xanthan gum biosynthesis and application: a biochemical/genetic perspective.
  JOURNAL   Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 50:145-52 (1998)
            DOI:10.1007/s002530051269
REFERENCE   PMID:8472258
  AUTHORS   Stankowski JD, Mueller BE, Zeller SG
  TITLE     Location of a second O-acetyl group in xanthan gum by the reductive-cleavage method.
  JOURNAL   Carbohydr Res 241:321-6 (1993)
            DOI:10.1016/0008-6215(93)80123-v
REFERENCE   PMID:27255488
  AUTHORS   Wu D, Li A, Ma F, Yang J, Xie Y
  TITLE     Genetic control and regulatory mechanisms of succinoglycan and curdlan biosynthesis in genus Agrobacterium.
  JOURNAL   Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100:6183-6192 (2016)
            DOI:10.1007/s00253-016-7650-1
REFERENCE   PMID:8226645
  AUTHORS   Glucksmann MA, Reuber TL, Walker GC
  TITLE     Family of glycosyl transferases needed for the synthesis of succinoglycan by Rhizobium meliloti.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 175:7033-44 (1993)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.175.21.7033-7044.1993
REFERENCE   PMID:26217319
  AUTHORS   Becker A
  TITLE     Challenges and perspectives in combinatorial assembly of novel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathways.
  JOURNAL   Front Microbiol 6:687 (2015)
            DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00687
REFERENCE   PMID:8343955
  AUTHORS   Reuber TL, Walker GC
  TITLE     Biosynthesis of succinoglycan, a symbiotically important exopolysaccharide of Rhizobium meliloti.
  JOURNAL   Cell 74:269-80 (1993)
            DOI:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90418-p
REFERENCE   PMID:16483356
  AUTHORS   Skorupska A, Janczarek M, Marczak M, Mazur A, Krol J
  TITLE     Rhizobial exopolysaccharides: genetic control and symbiotic functions.
  JOURNAL   Microb Cell Fact 5:7 (2006)
            DOI:10.1186/1475-2859-5-7
REFERENCE   PMID:34207734
  AUTHORS   Acosta-Jurado S, Fuentes-Romero F, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Janczarek M, Vinardell JM
  TITLE     Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes.
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 22:6233 (2021)
            DOI:10.3390/ijms22126233
REFERENCE   PMID:33092221
  AUTHORS   Marczak M, Wojcik M, Zebracki K, Turska-Szewczuk A, Talarek K, Nowak D, Wawiorka L, Sienczyk M, Lupicka-Slowik A, Bobrek K, Romanczuk M, Koper P, Mazur A
  TITLE     PssJ Is a Terminal Galactosyltransferase Involved in the Assembly of the Exopolysaccharide Subunit in Rhizobium Leguminosarum bv. Trifolii.
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 21:E7764 (2020)
            DOI:10.3390/ijms21207764
REFERENCE   PMID:8765060
  AUTHORS   Nimtz M, Mort A, Domke T, Wray V, Zhang Y, Qiu F, Coplin D, Geider K
  TITLE     Structure of amylovoran, the capsular exopolysaccharide from the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora.
  JOURNAL   Carbohydr Res 287:59-76 (1996)
            DOI:10.1016/0008-6215(96)00070-5
REFERENCE   PMID:8765731
  AUTHORS   Nimtz M, Mort A, Wray V, Domke T, Zhang Y, Coplin DL, Geider K.
  TITLE     Structure of stewartan, the capsular exopolysaccharide from the corn pathogen Erwinia stewartii.
  JOURNAL   Carbohydr Res 288:189-201 (1996)
            DOI:10.1016/s0008-6215(96)90797-1
KO_PATHWAY  ko00543
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