ENTRY       ath04120                    Pathway
NAME        Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis - Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
DESCRIPTION Protein ubiquitination plays an important role in eukaryotic cellular processes. It mainly functions as a signal for 26S proteasome dependent protein degradation. The addition of ubiquitin to proteins being degraded is performed by a reaction cascade consisting of three enzymes, named E1 (ubiquitin activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin ligase). Each E3 has specificity to its substrate, or proteins to be targeted by ubiquitination. Many E3s are discovered in eukaryotes and they are classified into four types: HECT type, U-box type, single RING-finger type, and multi-subunit RING-finger type. Multi-subunit RING-finger E3s are exemplified by cullin-Rbx E3s and APC/C. They consist of a RING-finger-containing subunit (RBX1 or RBX2) that functions to bind E2s, a scaffold-like cullin molecule, adaptor proteins, and a target recognizing subunit that binds substrates.
CLASS       Genetic Information Processing; Folding, sorting and degradation
PATHWAY_MAP ath04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
DBLINKS     GO: 0016567
ORGANISM    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) [GN:ath]
GENE        AT3G09790  UBQ8; ubiquitin 8 [KO:K08770]
            AT4G05320  UBQ10; polyubiquitin 10 [KO:K08770]
            AT5G20620  UBQ4; ubiquitin 4 [KO:K08770]
            AT4G02890  UBQ14; Ubiquitin family protein [KO:K08770]
            AT4G05050  UBQ11; ubiquitin 11 [KO:K08770]
            AT5G03240  UBQ3; polyubiquitin 3 [KO:K08770]
            AT5G37640  UBQ9; ubiquitin 9 [KO:K08770]
            AT1G53930  Ubiquitin-like superfamily protein [KO:K08770]
            AT1G65350  UBQ13; ubiquitin 13 [KO:K08770]
            AT2G36170  60S ribosomal protein L40-1 [KO:K02927]
            AT3G52590  UBQ1; ubiquitin extension protein 1 [KO:K02927]
            AT1G23410  Ribosomal protein S27a / Ubiquitin family protein [KO:K02977]
            AT3G62250  UBQ5; ubiquitin 5 [KO:K02977]
            AT2G47110  UBQ6; ubiquitin 6 [KO:K02977]
            AT2G30110  UBA1; ubiquitin-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
            AT5G06460  UBA_2; ubiquitin activating enzyme 2 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
            AT5G50580  SAE1B; SUMO-activating enzyme 1B [KO:K10684] [EC:6.2.1.45]
            AT4G24940  SAE1A; SUMO-activating enzyme 1A [KO:K10684] [EC:6.2.1.45]
            AT5G50680  SAE1B; SUMO activating enzyme 1B [KO:K10684] [EC:6.2.1.45]
            AT2G21470  SAE2; SUMO-activating enzyme 2 [KO:K10685] [EC:6.2.1.45]
            AT5G19180  ECR1; E1 C-terminal related 1 [KO:K10686] [EC:6.2.1.64]
            AT1G14400  UBC1; ubiquitin carrier protein 1 [KO:K10573] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT2G02760  UBC2; ubiquiting-conjugating enzyme 2 [KO:K10573] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT5G62540  UBC3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 3 [KO:K10573] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT3G20060  UBC19; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme19 [KO:K06688] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT1G50490  UBC20; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 20 [KO:K06688] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT3G08700  UBC12; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 12 [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT2G16740  UBC29; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 29 [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT5G56150  UBC30; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 30 [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT1G64230  UBC28; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 28 [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT3G08690  UBC11; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 11 [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT3G13550  FUS9; Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family protein [KO:K20217] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT3G46460  UBC13; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 13 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT3G55380  UBC14; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 14 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT5G59300  UBC7; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT1G63800  UBC5; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 5 [KO:K10576] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT2G46030  UBC6; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 6 [KO:K10576] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT5G41340  UBC4; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 4 [KO:K10576] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT3G57870  SCE1; sumo conjugation enzyme 1 [KO:K10577]
            AT3G17000  UBC32; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 32 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT1G17280  UBC34; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 34 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT5G50430  UBC33; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 33 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT2G18600  Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family protein [KO:K10579] [EC:2.3.2.34]
            AT4G36800  RCE1; RUB1 conjugating enzyme 1 [KO:K10579] [EC:2.3.2.34]
            AT1G16890  UBC36; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 36 [KO:K10580] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT1G78870  UBC35; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 35 [KO:K10580] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT2G16920  UBC23; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 23 [KO:K10581] [EC:2.3.2.24]
            AT1G53025  Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family protein [KO:K10581] [EC:2.3.2.24]
            AT1G53023  Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family protein [KO:K10581] [EC:2.3.2.24]
            AT3G15355  UBC25; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 25 [KO:K10581] [EC:2.3.2.24]
            AT2G33770  PHO2; phosphate 2 [KO:K10581] [EC:2.3.2.24]
            AT5G05080  UBC22; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 22 [KO:K10583] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT1G75440  UBC16; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 16 [KO:K10688] [EC:2.3.2.25]
            AT1G45050  ATUBC2-1; Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family protein [KO:K10688] [EC:2.3.2.25]
            AT5G42990  UBC18; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 18 [KO:K10688] [EC:2.3.2.25]
            AT4G36410  UBC17; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 17 [KO:K10688] [EC:2.3.2.25]
            AT5G50870  UBC27; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 27 [KO:K04649] [EC:2.3.2.23]
            AT3G53090  UPL7; ubiquitin-protein ligase 7 [KO:K10588] [EC:2.3.2.26]
            AT3G17205  UPL6; ubiquitin protein ligase 6 [KO:K10589] [EC:2.3.2.26]
            AT4G38600  KAK; HECT ubiquitin protein ligase family protein KAK [KO:K10590] [EC:2.3.2.26]
            AT5G02880  UPL4; ubiquitin-protein ligase 4 [KO:K10590] [EC:2.3.2.26]
            AT5G15400  U-box domain-containing protein [KO:K10597] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT3G07370  CHIP; carboxyl terminus of HSC70-interacting protein [KO:K09561] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G67530  PUB49; plant U-box 49 [KO:K10598] [EC:5.2.1.8]
            AT1G04510  MAC3A; MOS4-associated complex 3A [KO:K10599] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT2G33340  MAC3B; MOS4-associated complex 3B [KO:K10599] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT3G58040  SINAT2; uncharacterized protein [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT2G41980  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT4G27880  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT3G61790  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G53360  TRAF-like superfamily protein [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT1G66620  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT1G66630  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT1G66650  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT1G66660  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G37890  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G37900  TRAF-like superfamily protein [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G37910  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G37930  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G62800  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G37870  Protein with RING/U-box and TRAF-like domain [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT3G13672  TRAF-like superfamily protein [KO:K04506] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT2G32950  COP1; Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein [KO:K10143] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G52250  RUP1; Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein [KO:K10143] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G23730  RUP2; Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein [KO:K10143] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT3G62970  zinc finger (C3HC4-type RING finger) family protein [KO:K10144] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G18650  CHY-type/CTCHY-type/RING-type Zinc finger protein [KO:K10144] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G22920  CHY-type/CTCHY-type/RING-type Zinc finger protein [KO:K10144] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G25560  CHY-type/CTCHY-type/RING-type Zinc finger protein [KO:K10144] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G41580  RING/U-box superfamily protein [KO:K04706] [EC:2.3.2.-]
            AT1G08910  zinc ion binding protein [KO:K04706] [EC:2.3.2.-]
            AT3G16090  Hrd1A; RING/U-box superfamily protein [KO:K10601] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT1G65040  Hrd1B; RING/U-box superfamily protein [KO:K10601] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT5G65740  zinc ion binding protein [KO:K10606] [EC:2.3.2.27]
            AT3G42830  RING/U-box superfamily protein [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
            AT5G20570  RBX1; RING-box 1 [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
            AT4G02570  CUL1; cullin 1 [KO:K03347]
            AT1G02980  CUL2; cullin 2 [KO:K03347]
            AT1G59790  Cullin family protein [KO:K03347]
            AT1G59800  Cullin family protein [KO:K03347]
            AT1G43140  Cullin family protein [KO:K03347]
            AT1G75950  SKP1; S phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094]
            AT5G42190  E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF complex subunit SKP1/ASK1 family protein [KO:K03094]
            AT1G20140  SK4; SKP1-like 4 [KO:K03094]
            AT2G25700  SK3; SKP1-like 3 [KO:K03094]
            AT2G03170  SK14; SKP1-like 14 [KO:K03094]
            AT3G21830  SK8; SKP1-like 8 [KO:K03094]
            AT3G21850  SK9; SKP1-like 9 [KO:K03094]
            AT3G21860  SK10; SKP1-like 10 [KO:K03094]
            AT3G60010  SK13; SKP1-like 13 [KO:K03094]
            AT4G34210  SK11; SKP1-like 11 [KO:K03094]
            AT4G34470  SK12; SKP1-like 12 [KO:K03094]
            AT1G10230  SK18; E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF complex subunit SKP1/ASK1 family protein [KO:K03094]
            AT2G03160  SK19; SKP1-like 19 [KO:K03094]
            AT2G03190  SK16; SKP1-like 16 [KO:K03094]
            AT2G20160  MEO; E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF complex subunit SKP1/ASK1 family protein [KO:K03094]
            AT3G25650  SK15; SKP1-like 15 [KO:K03094]
            AT3G60020  SK5; SKP1-like 5 [KO:K03094]
            AT3G21840  SK7; SKP1-like 7 [KO:K03094]
            AT3G53060  SK6; SKP1-like 6 [KO:K03094]
            AT1G77000  SKP2B; RNI-like superfamily protein [KO:K03875]
            AT1G21410  SKP2A; F-box/RNI-like superfamily protein [KO:K03875]
            AT5G59140  BTB/POZ domain-containing protein [KO:K03872]
            AT1G26830  CUL3; cullin 3 [KO:K03869]
            AT1G69670  CUL3B; cullin 3B [KO:K03869]
            AT5G46210  CUL4; cullin4 [KO:K10609]
            AT3G46910  Cullin family protein [KO:K10609]
            AT4G12100  Cullin family protein [KO:K10609]
            AT4G05420  DDB1A; damaged DNA binding protein 1A [KO:K10610]
            AT4G21100  DDB1B; damaged DNA binding protein 1B [KO:K10610]
            AT5G58760  DDB2; damaged DNA binding 2 [KO:K10140]
            AT1G19750  Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein [KO:K10570]
            AT1G27840  ATCSA-1; Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein [KO:K10570]
            AT4G10180  DET1; light-mediated development protein 1 / deetiolated1 (DET1) [KO:K10571]
            AT3G05870  APC11; anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome 11 [KO:K03358]
            AT2G04660  APC2; anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome 2 [KO:K03349]
            AT4G33270  CDC20.1; Transducin family protein / WD-40 repeat family protein [KO:K03363]
            AT5G27945  Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein [KO:K03363]
            AT5G26900  CDC20.4; Transducin family protein / WD-40 repeat family protein [KO:K03363]
            AT5G27080  CDC20.3; cell division cycle 20.2, cofactor of APC complex-like protein [KO:K03363]
            AT5G27570  CDC20.5; cell division cycle 20.2, cofactor of APC complex-like protein [KO:K03363]
            AT4G33260  CDC20.2; Transducin family protein / WD-40 repeat family protein [KO:K03363]
            AT4G22910  FZR2; FIZZY-related 2 [KO:K03364]
            AT4G11920  CCS52A2; cell cycle switch protein 52 A2 [KO:K03364]
            AT5G13840  FZR3; FIZZY-related 3 [KO:K03364]
            AT5G05560  EMB2771; E3 ubiquitin ligase [KO:K03348]
            AT2G20000  HBT; CDC27 family protein [KO:K03350]
            AT3G16320  CDC27a; Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like superfamily protein [KO:K03350]
            AT4G21530  APC4; Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein [KO:K03351]
            AT1G06590  anaphase-promoting complex subunit [KO:K03352]
            AT1G78770  APC6; anaphase promoting complex 6 [KO:K03353]
            AT2G39090  APC7; tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing protein [KO:K03354]
            AT3G48150  APC8; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8 [KO:K03355]
            AT2G18290  APC10; anaphase promoting complex 10 [KO:K03357]
            AT1G73177  BNS; bonsai [KO:K12456]
REFERENCE   PMID:16922370
  AUTHORS   Kamura T.
  TITLE     [Cullin-based E3 family]
  JOURNAL   Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 51:1167-72 (2006)
REFERENCE   PMID:16922408
  AUTHORS   Matsuda N.
  TITLE     [Overview: hereditary disorders caused by dysfunction of ubiquitylation]
  JOURNAL   Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 51:1402-7 (2006)
REFERENCE   PMID:16922367
  AUTHORS   Tokunaga F.
  TITLE     [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes: structures and functions]
  JOURNAL   Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 51:1150-6 (2006)
REFERENCE   PMID:16816840
  AUTHORS   Nalepa G, Rolfe M, Harper JW.
  TITLE     Drug discovery in the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
  JOURNAL   Nat Rev Drug Discov 5:596-613 (2006)
            DOI:10.1038/nrd2056
REFERENCE   PMID:16405856
  AUTHORS   Hsu YJ, Goodman SR.
  TITLE     Spectrin and ubiquitination: a review.
  JOURNAL   Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) Suppl 51:OL801-7 (2005)
REFERENCE   PMID:12944364
  AUTHORS   Hatakeyama S, Nakayama KI.
  TITLE     Ubiquitylation as a quality control system for intracellular proteins.
  JOURNAL   J Biochem 134:1-8 (2003)
            DOI:10.1093/jb/mvg106
REFERENCE   PMID:17588513
  AUTHORS   Lee J, Zhou P.
  TITLE     DCAFs, the missing link of the CUL4-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase.
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell 26:775-80 (2007)
            DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.001
REL_PATHWAY ath03050  Proteasome
KO_PATHWAY  ko04120
///
