ENTRY       ath03430                    Pathway
NAME        Mismatch repair - Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
DESCRIPTION DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved biological pathway that plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability. MMR corrects DNA mismatches generated during DNA replication, thereby preventing mutations from becoming permanent in dividing cells. MMR also suppresses homologous recombination and was recently shown to play a role in DNA damage signaling. Defects in MMR are associated with genome-wide instability, predisposition to certain types of cancer including HNPCC, resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents, and abnormalities in meiosis and sterility in mammalian systems.
            The Escherichia coli MMR pathway has been extensively studied and is well characterized. In E. coli, the mismatch-activated MutS-MutL-ATP complex licenses MutH to incise the nearest unmethylated GATC sequence. UvrD and an exonuclease generate a gap. This gap is filled by pol III and DNA ligase. The GATC sites are then methylated by Dam. Several human MMR proteins have been identified based on their homology to E. coli MMR proteins. These include human homologs of MutS and MutL. Although E. coli MutS and MutL proteins are homodimers, human MutS and MutL homologs are heterodimers. The role of hemimethylated dGATC sites as a signal for strand discrimination is not conserved from E. coli to human. Human MMR is presumed to be nick-directed in vivo, and is thought to discriminate daughter and template strands using a strand-specific nick.
CLASS       Genetic Information Processing; Replication and repair
PATHWAY_MAP ath03430  Mismatch repair
DBLINKS     GO: 0006298
ORGANISM    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) [GN:ath]
GENE        AT1G65070  DNA mismatch repair protein MutS, type 2 [KO:K07456]
            AT3G18580  Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold-like protein [KO:K03111]
            AT4G02460  PMS1; DNA mismatch repair protein [KO:K10858]
            AT4G09140  MLH1; MUTL-homologue 1 [KO:K08734]
            AT4G02070  MSH6; MUTS homolog 6 [KO:K08737]
            AT3G24495  MSH7; MUTS homolog 7 [KO:K08737]
            AT3G18524  MSH2; MUTS homolog 2 [KO:K08735]
            AT4G25540  MSH3; homolog of DNA mismatch repair protein MSH3 [KO:K08736]
            AT4G35520  MLH3; MUTL protein homolog 3 [KO:K08739]
            AT5G22010  RFC1; replication factor C1 [KO:K10754]
            AT1G21690  EMB1968; ATPase family associated with various cellular activities (AAA) [KO:K10755]
            AT1G63160  RFC2; replication factor C 2 [KO:K10755]
            AT1G77470  RFC3; replication factor C subunit 3 [KO:K10756]
            AT5G27740  EMB2775; ATPase family associated with various cellular activities (AAA) [KO:K10756]
            AT2G29570  PCNA2; proliferating cell nuclear antigen 2 [KO:K04802]
            AT1G07370  PCNA1; proliferating cellular nuclear antigen 1 [KO:K04802]
            AT1G29630  5'-3' exonuclease family protein [KO:K10746] [EC:3.1.-.-]
            AT1G18090  5'-3' exonuclease family protein [KO:K10746] [EC:3.1.-.-]
            AT5G45400  RPA70C; Replication factor-A protein 1-like protein [KO:K07466]
            AT4G19130  Replication factor-A protein 1-like protein [KO:K07466]
            AT2G06510  RPA1A; replication protein A 1A [KO:K07466]
            AT5G61000  RPA70D; Replication factor-A protein 1-like protein [KO:K07466]
            AT5G08020  RPA70B; RPA70-kDa subunit B [KO:K07466]
            AT2G24490  RPA2; replicon protein A2 [KO:K10739]
            AT3G02920  RPA32B; Replication protein A, subunit RPA32 [KO:K10739]
            AT3G52630  Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold-like protein [KO:K10740]
            AT4G18590  Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold-like protein [KO:K10740]
            AT5G63960  DNA polymerase delta subunit 1 [KO:K02327] [EC:2.7.7.7]
            AT2G42120  POLD2; DNA polymerase delta small subunit [KO:K02328]
            AT1G78650  POLD3; DNA-directed DNA polymerase [KO:K03504]
            AT1G09815  POLD4; polymerase delta 4 [KO:K03505]
            AT1G08130  LIG1; DNA ligase 1 [KO:K10747] [EC:6.5.1.1 6.5.1.6 6.5.1.7]
REFERENCE   PMID:16612326
  AUTHORS   Jiricny J.
  TITLE     The multifaceted mismatch-repair system.
  JOURNAL   Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:335-46 (2006)
            DOI:10.1038/nrm1907
REFERENCE   PMID:18157157
  AUTHORS   Li GM.
  TITLE     Mechanisms and functions of DNA mismatch repair.
  JOURNAL   Cell Res 18:85-98 (2008)
            DOI:10.1038/cr.2007.115
REFERENCE   PMID:11920679
  AUTHORS   Marti TM, Kunz C, Fleck O.
  TITLE     DNA mismatch repair and mutation avoidance pathways.
  JOURNAL   J Cell Physiol 191:28-41 (2002)
            DOI:10.1002/jcp.10077
REFERENCE   PMID:11436301
  AUTHORS   Ikejima M, Shimada T.
  TITLE     [Molecular mechanism of mismatch repair]
  JOURNAL   Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 46:1124-9 (2001)
KO_PATHWAY  ko03430
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