ENTRY       ath00908                    Pathway
NAME        Zeatin biosynthesis - Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
DESCRIPTION Zeatin is a member of the cytokinin family, a class of phytohormones involved in various processes of growth and development in plants. Most abundant cytokinins are adenine-type, where the N6 position of adenine is substituted with an isoprenoid, such as in zeatin, or an aromatic side chain, such as in kinetin. Zeatin can be synthesized in two different pathways: the tRNA pathway and the AMP pathway. In the tRNA pathway zeatin is a recycled product of isopentenylated tRNAs. In the AMP pathway zeatin is synthesized from an isopentenyl donor, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), and AMP, ADP, or ATP by isopentenyltransferases. After synthesis cytokinins can be glucosylated.
CLASS       Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
PATHWAY_MAP ath00908  Zeatin biosynthesis
DBLINKS     GO: 0009691
ORGANISM    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) [GN:ath]
GENE        AT3G63110  IPT3; isopentenyltransferase 3 [KO:K10760] [EC:2.5.1.27 2.5.1.112]
            AT4G24650  IPT4; isopentenyltransferase 4 [KO:K10760] [EC:2.5.1.27 2.5.1.112]
            AT5G19040  IPT5; isopentenyltransferase 5 [KO:K10760] [EC:2.5.1.27 2.5.1.112]
            AT3G23630  IPT7; isopentenyltransferase 7 [KO:K10760] [EC:2.5.1.27 2.5.1.112]
            AT1G25410  IPT6; isopentenyltransferase 6 [KO:K10760] [EC:2.5.1.27 2.5.1.112]
            AT3G19160  IPT8; ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferase [KO:K10760] [EC:2.5.1.27 2.5.1.112]
            AT1G68460  IPT1; isopentenyltransferase 1 [KO:K10760] [EC:2.5.1.27 2.5.1.112]
            AT1G67110  CYP735A2; cytochrome P450, family 735, subfamily A, polypeptide 2 [KO:K10717]
            AT5G38450  CYP735A1; cytochrome P450, family 735, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 [KO:K10717]
            AT5G21482  CKX7; cytokinin oxidase 7 [KO:K00279] [EC:1.5.99.12]
            AT4G29740  CKX4; cytokinin oxidase 4 [KO:K00279] [EC:1.5.99.12]
            AT2G19500  CKX2; cytokinin oxidase 2 [KO:K00279] [EC:1.5.99.12]
            AT5G56970  CKX3; cytokinin oxidase 3 [KO:K00279] [EC:1.5.99.12]
            AT2G41510  CKX1; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 1 [KO:K00279] [EC:1.5.99.12]
            AT1G75450  CKX5; cytokinin oxidase 5 [KO:K00279] [EC:1.5.99.12]
            AT3G63440  CKX6; cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 6 [KO:K00279] [EC:1.5.99.12]
            AT5G05860  UGT76C2; UDP-glucosyl transferase 76C2 [KO:K13493] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT5G05870  UGT76C1; UDP-glucosyl transferase 76C1 [KO:K13493] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT2G36750  UGT73C1; UDP-glucosyl transferase 73C1 [KO:K13496] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT3G53160  UGT73C7; UDP-glucosyl transferase 73C7 [KO:K13496] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT2G36800  DOGT1; don-glucosyltransferase 1 [KO:K13496] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT2G36770  UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein [KO:K13496] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT2G36780  UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein [KO:K13496] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT2G36760  UGT73C2; UDP-glucosyl transferase 73C2 [KO:K13496] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT1G22400  UGT85A1; UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein [KO:K23452] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT1G22380  UGT85A3; UDP-glucosyl transferase 85A3 [KO:K23452] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT1G22340  UGT85A7; UDP-glucosyl transferase 85A7 [KO:K23452] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT1G78270  UGT85A4; UDP-glucosyl transferase 85A4 [KO:K23452] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT1G22360  UGT85A2; UDP-glucosyl transferase 85A2 [KO:K23452] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT1G22370  UGT85A5; UDP-glucosyl transferase 85A5 [KO:K23452] [EC:2.4.1.-]
            AT2G27760  IPT2; tRNAisopentenyltransferase 2 [KO:K00791] [EC:2.5.1.75]
            AT5G20040  IPT9; isopentenyltransferase 9 [KO:K00791] [EC:2.5.1.75]
COMPOUND    C00002  ATP
            C00008  ADP
            C00015  UDP
            C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
            C00020  AMP
            C00029  UDP-glucose
            C00033  Acetate
            C00147  Adenine
            C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
            C00190  UDP-D-xylose
            C00235  Dimethylallyl diphosphate
            C00371  Zeatin
            C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
            C01513  Lupinate
            C01804  Discadenine
            C02029  Dihydrozeatin
            C03300  O-beta-D-Xylosylzeatin
            C03423  O-beta-D-Glucosylzeatin
            C04083  N6-(Delta2-Isopentenyl)-adenine
            C04432  tRNA containing 6-isopentenyladenosine
            C04713  N6-(delta2-Isopentenyl)-adenosine 5'-monophosphate
            C07330  3-Methyl-2-butenal
            C15545  cis-Zeatin
            C15546  O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-cis-zeatin
            C16424  Isopentenyladenosine-5'-triphosphate
            C16426  Isopentenyladenosine-5'-diphosphate
            C16427  Isopentenyl adenosine
            C16428  trans-Zeatin riboside triphosphate
            C16429  trans-Zeatin riboside diphosphate
            C16430  trans-Zeatin riboside monophosphate
            C16431  trans-Zeatin riboside
            C16441  cis-Zeatin riboside monophosphate
            C16443  trans-Zeatin-7-beta-D-glucoside
            C16445  Dihydrozeatin riboside monophosphate
            C16447  Dihydrozeatin riboside
            C16448  Dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside
            C16449  cis-Zeatin riboside
            C16467  cis-Prenyl-tRNA
            C17324  tRNA adenine
REFERENCE   PMID:14726522
  AUTHORS   Kasahara H, Takei K, Ueda N, Hishiyama S, Yamaya T, Kamiya Y, Yamaguchi S, Sakakibara H.
  TITLE     Distinct isoprenoid origins of cis- and trans-zeatin biosyntheses in Arabidopsis.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279:14049-54 (2004)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M314195200
REFERENCE   PMID:11313355
  AUTHORS   Takei K, Sakakibara H, Sugiyama T.
  TITLE     Identification of genes encoding adenylate isopentenyltransferase, a cytokinin biosynthesis enzyme, in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 276:26405-10 (2001)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M102130200
REFERENCE   PMID:11479373
  AUTHORS   Kakimoto T.
  TITLE     Identification of plant cytokinin biosynthetic enzymes as dimethylallyl diphosphate:ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferases.
  JOURNAL   Plant Cell Physiol 42:677-85 (2001)
            DOI:10.1093/pcp/pce112
REFERENCE   PMID:15280363
  AUTHORS   Takei K, Yamaya T, Sakakibara H.
  TITLE     Arabidopsis CYP735A1 and CYP735A2 encode cytokinin hydroxylases that catalyze the biosynthesis of trans-Zeatin.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279:41866-72 (2004)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M406337200
REFERENCE   PMID:15342621
  AUTHORS   Hou B, Lim EK, Higgins GS, Bowles DJ.
  TITLE     N-glucosylation of cytokinins by glycosyltransferases of Arabidopsis thaliana.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279:47822-32 (2004)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M409569200
REFERENCE   PMID:9874810
  AUTHORS   Martin RC, Mok MC, Mok DW
  TITLE     Isolation of a cytokinin gene, ZOG1, encoding zeatin O-glucosyltransferase from Phaseolus lunatus.
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:284-9 (1999)
            DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.1.284
REFERENCE   PMID:10364407
  AUTHORS   Martin RC, Mok MC, Mok DW
  TITLE     A gene encoding the cytokinin enzyme zeatin O-xylosyltransferase of Phaseolus vulgaris.
  JOURNAL   Plant Physiol 120:553-8 (1999)
            DOI:10.1104/pp.120.2.553
REFERENCE   PMID:12644686
  AUTHORS   Veach YK, Martin RC, Mok DW, Malbeck J, Vankova R, Mok MC
  TITLE     O-glucosylation of cis-zeatin in maize. Characterization of genes, enzymes, and endogenous cytokinins.
  JOURNAL   Plant Physiol 131:1374-80 (2003)
            DOI:10.1104/pp.017210
REFERENCE   PMID:14555694
  AUTHORS   Werner T, Motyka V, Laucou V, Smets R, Van Onckelen H, Schmulling T
  TITLE     Cytokinin-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity.
  JOURNAL   Plant Cell 15:2532-50 (2003)
            DOI:10.1105/tpc.014928
REFERENCE   PMID:17062755
  AUTHORS   Miyawaki K, Tarkowski P, Matsumoto-Kitano M, Kato T, Sato S, Tarkowska D, Tabata S, Sandberg G, Kakimoto T
  TITLE     Roles of Arabidopsis ATP/ADP isopentenyltransferases and tRNA isopentenyltransferases in cytokinin biosynthesis.
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:16598-603 (2006)
            DOI:10.1073/pnas.0603522103
REL_PATHWAY ath00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
KO_PATHWAY  ko00908
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