ENTRY       ath00510                    Pathway
NAME        N-Glycan biosynthesis - Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
DESCRIPTION N-glycans or asparagine-linked glycans are major constituents of glycoproteins in eukaryotes. N-glycans are covalently attached to asparagine with the consensus sequence of Asn-X-Ser/Thr by an N-glycosidic bond, GlcNAc b1- Asn. Biosynthesis of N-glycans begins on the cytoplasmic face of the ER membrane with the transferase reaction of UDP-GlcNAc and the lipid-like precursor P-Dol (dolichol phosphate) to generate GlcNAc a1- PP-Dol. After sequential addition of monosaccharides by ALG glycosyltransferases [MD:M00055], the N-glycan precursor is attached by the OST (oligosaccharyltransferase) complex to the polypeptide chain that is being synthesized and translocated through the ER membrane. The protein-bound N-glycan precursor is subsequently trimmed, extended, and modified in the ER and Golgi by a complex series of reactions catalyzed by membrane-bound glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. N-glycans thus synthesized are classified into three types: high-mannose type, complex type, and hybrid type. Defects in N-glycan biosynthesis lead to a variety of human diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation [DS:H00118 H00119].
CLASS       Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP ath00510  N-Glycan biosynthesis
MODULE      ath_M00055  N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:ath00510]
            ath_M00072  N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:ath00510]
            ath_M00073  N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:ath00510]
DBLINKS     GO: 0006487
ORGANISM    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) [GN:ath]
GENE        AT2G16530  3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K12345] [EC:1.3.1.22 1.3.1.94]
            AT1G72590  3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K12345] [EC:1.3.1.22 1.3.1.94]
            AT3G45040  phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase family protein [KO:K00902] [EC:2.7.1.108]
            AT2G41490  GPT; UDP-glcnac-adolichol phosphate glcnac-1-p-transferase [KO:K01001] [EC:2.7.8.15]
            AT3G57220  Glycosyl transferase family 4 protein [KO:K01001] [EC:2.7.8.15]
            AT2G39630  Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases superfamily protein [KO:K00729] [EC:2.4.1.117]
            AT4G16710  glycosyltransferase family protein 28 [KO:K07432] [EC:2.4.1.141]
            AT4G18230  UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase subunit ALG14-like protein [KO:K07441] [EC:2.4.1.141]
            AT1G20575  DPMS1; Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases superfamily protein [KO:K00721] [EC:2.4.1.83]
            AT1G74340  DPMS2; dolichol phosphate-mannose biosynthesis regulatory protein-like protein [KO:K09658]
            AT1G48140  DPMS3; dolichol-phosphate mannosyltransferase-like protein [KO:K09659]
            AT1G16570  UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein [KO:K03842] [EC:2.4.1.142]
            AT1G78800  UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein [KO:K03843] [EC:2.4.1.132 2.4.1.257]
            AT2G40190  LEW3; UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein [KO:K03844] [EC:2.4.1.131]
            AT2G47760  ALG3; asparagine-linked glycosylation 3 [KO:K03845] [EC:2.4.1.258]
            AT1G16900  EBS3; Alg9-like mannosyltransferase family [KO:K03846] [EC:2.4.1.259 2.4.1.261]
            AT1G02145  ALG12; homolog of asparagine-linked glycosylation 12 [KO:K03847] [EC:2.4.1.260]
            AT5G38460  ALG6, ALG8 glycosyltransferase family [KO:K03848] [EC:2.4.1.267]
            AT2G44660  ALG6, ALG8 glycosyltransferase family [KO:K03849] [EC:2.4.1.265]
            AT5G02410  ALG10; DIE2/ALG10 family [KO:K03850] [EC:2.4.1.256]
            AT1G34130  STT3B; staurosporin and temperature sensitive 3-like b [KO:K07151] [EC:2.4.99.18]
            AT5G19690  STT3A; staurosporin and temperature sensitive 3-like A [KO:K07151] [EC:2.4.99.18]
            AT1G76400  Ribophorin I [KO:K12666]
            AT2G01720  Ribophorin I [KO:K12666]
            AT4G21150  HAP6; ribophorin II (RPN2) family protein [KO:K12667]
            AT1G32210  ATDAD1; Defender against death (DAD family) protein [KO:K12668]
            AT2G35520  DAD2; Defender against death (DAD family) protein [KO:K12668]
            AT1G61790  Oligosaccharyltransferase complex/magnesium transporter family protein [KO:K12669]
            AT1G11560  Oligosaccharyltransferase complex/magnesium transporter family protein [KO:K12669]
            AT5G66680  DGL1; dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase 48kDa subunit family protein [KO:K12670]
            AT5G03080  LPPgamma; Phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP2) family protein [KO:K07252] [EC:3.6.1.43]
            AT1G24320  Six-hairpin glycosidases superfamily protein [KO:K01228] [EC:3.2.1.106]
            AT1G67490  GCS1; glucosidase 1 [KO:K01228] [EC:3.2.1.106]
            AT5G63840  RSW3; Glycosyl hydrolases family 31 protein [KO:K05546] [EC:3.2.1.207]
            AT1G30000  MNS3; alpha-mannosidase 3 [KO:K23741] [EC:3.2.1.209]
            AT3G21160  MNS2; alpha-mannosidase 2 [KO:K01230] [EC:3.2.1.113]
            AT1G51590  MNS1; alpha-mannosidase 1 [KO:K01230] [EC:3.2.1.113]
            AT4G38240  CGL1; alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [KO:K00726] [EC:2.4.1.101]
            AT5G14950  GMII; golgi alpha-mannosidase II [KO:K01231] [EC:3.2.1.114]
            AT2G05320  beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II [KO:K00736] [EC:2.4.1.143]
            AT2G13290  beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family protein [KO:K00737] [EC:2.4.1.144]
            AT1G67880  beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family protein [KO:K00737] [EC:2.4.1.144]
            AT3G01620  beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family protein [KO:K00737] [EC:2.4.1.144]
            AT5G14480  beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family protein [KO:K00737] [EC:2.4.1.144]
            AT3G27540  beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family protein [KO:K00737] [EC:2.4.1.144]
            AT1G12990  beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family protein [KO:K00737] [EC:2.4.1.144]
COMPOUND    C00096  GDP-mannose
            C00110  Dolichyl phosphate
            C00381  Dolichol
            C00621  Dolichyl diphosphate
            C01246  Dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate
            C03021  Protein asparagine
            C03862  Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose
            C06081  Polyprenol
            G00001  N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol
            G00002  N,N'-Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol
            G00003
            G00004
            G00005
            G00006
            G00007
            G00008
            G00009
            G00010
            G00011
            G00012
            G00013
            G00014
            G00015
            G00016
            G00017
            G00018  DS 3
            G00019
            G00020
            G00021
            G00022
            G00171
            G10526
            G10595
            G10596
            G10597
            G10598
            G10599
            G10694
REFERENCE   PMID:9111134
  AUTHORS   Schutzbach JS.
  TITLE     The role of the lipid matrix in the biosynthesis of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharides.
  JOURNAL   Glycoconj J 14:175-82 (1997)
            DOI:10.1023/A:1018533620002
REFERENCE   PMID:12200473
  AUTHORS   Oriol R, Martinez-Duncker I, Chantret I, Mollicone R, Codogno P.
  TITLE     Common origin and evolution of glycosyltransferases using Dol-P-monosaccharides as donor substrate.
  JOURNAL   Mol Biol Evol 19:1451-63 (2002)
            DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004208
REFERENCE   PMID:12684507
  AUTHORS   Thiel C, Schwarz M, Peng J, Grzmil M, Hasilik M, Braulke T, Kohlschutter A, von Figura K, Lehle L, Korner C.
  TITLE     A new type of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG-Ii) provides new insights into the early steps of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 278:22498-505 (2003)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M302850200
REFERENCE   PMID:11278778
  AUTHORS   Cipollo JF, Trimble RB, Chi JH, Yan Q, Dean N.
  TITLE     The yeast ALG11 gene specifies addition of the terminal alpha 1,2-Man to the Man5GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol N-glycosylation intermediate formed on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 276:21828-40 (2001)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M010896200
REFERENCE   PMID:15987956
  AUTHORS   Frank CG, Aebi M.
  TITLE     ALG9 mannosyltransferase is involved in two different steps of lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis.
  JOURNAL   Glycobiology 15:1156-63 (2005)
            DOI:10.1093/glycob/cwj002
REFERENCE   PMID:16878994
  AUTHORS   O'Reilly MK, Zhang G, Imperiali B.
  TITLE     In vitro evidence for the dual function of Alg2 and Alg11: essential mannosyltransferases in N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis.
  JOURNAL   Biochemistry 45:9593-603 (2006)
            DOI:10.1021/bi060878o
REL_PATHWAY ath00051  Fructose and mannose metabolism
            ath00511  Other glycan degradation
            ath00513  Various types of N-glycan biosynthesis
            ath00520  Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
            ath00563  Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis
            ath00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
KO_PATHWAY  ko00510
///
