Hydrogen Ontology
- This version:
- http://purl.org/holy/ns#
- Revision:
- v1.0.0
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Introduction
This document describes the Hydrogen Ontology (HOLY), a domain ontology for the hydrogen market, which aims to provide conceptual information of the current status and potential developments in the hydrogen market. In its current version, which focuses on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), it is designed to classify information concerning the composition of PEMFCs, their use, manufacturers, geographic areas, indicators and projects. Conceptualizing market requirements is done by providing extensions to other areas of interests such as the organization domain, geo-location, indicators, project schemas and applications.
The ontology is intended to structure market-relevant domain information for the hydrogen market in an accessible format and provide a generic, reusable core for expansion in different areas along the hydrogen value chain or even the use of certain content patterns for other market domain ontologies.
Namespaces
The namespace for the Hydrogen Ontology is
http://purl.org/holy/ns#
and the preferred prefix is
holy.
The Hydrogen Ontology uses terms from other vocabularies. The set of namespaces from those other vocabularies is displayed in the table below.
| Prefix | Reference | Namespace |
|---|---|---|
| owl | Web Ontology Language | http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# |
| rdfs | Resource Description Framework Schema | http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# |
| skos | Simple Knowledge Organization System | http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# |
| dbo | DBpedia Ontology | http://dbpedia.org/ontology/ |
| xsd | XSML Schema | http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# |
| dc | DCMI Metadata Terms | http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ |
| dct | DCMI Metadata Terms | http://purl.org/dc/terms/ |
| org | The Organization Ontology | http://www.w3.org/ns/org# |
| schema | Schema.org | http://schema.org/ |
| ebg | The euBusinessGraph Ontology | http://data.businessgraph.io/ontology# |
| rov | Registered Organization Vocabulary | http://www.w3.org/ns/regorg# |
| m4i | Metadata4Ing | https://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.0.0/ |
Namespaces Description
This section provides acknowledgement to the frameworks used for providing extensions to HOLY. A brief description of each namespace is provided followed by its implementation in the Hydrogen Ontology.
RDFS: The Research Description Framework Schema is an extension of RDF and allows the definition of hierarchical structures common in knowledge graphs such as classes, subclasses, ranges between classes, properties, sub-properties and domains within a graph modeled with RDF. In the ontology, RDFS is used for defining class names and the class structure.
SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organization System is a data model for sharing and connecting different organization systems with each other. An organization system can be one or multiple taxonomies, classification schemes or thesauri. The Hydrogen Ontology uses SKOS in annotation properties to define and comment content and annotate keywords and examples.
The Organization Ontology (org): The Organization Ontology provides a logical structure for linked company information across numerous domains including certain identification of roles and memberships. The Organization Ontology is used in the Hydrogen Ontology for building relationships between classes in order to identify the geographical location of primary sites, sites and membership relations in terms of project cooperation.
The Registered Organization Vocabulary (rov): The Registered Organization Vocabulary is classified by the Ontology Engineering Group as an extension of the Organization Ontology. The extension concerns the use of international classification standards such as NACE, SIC07 and ISIC4 for expressing economic activities and is used in the organization class of the Hydrogen Ontology.
The euBusinessGraph (ebg): The euBusinessGraph expands the area of economic activity integrating categorizing for start-ups while simultaneously covering explicit data for company registration. It is an extension of the Registered Organization Vocabulary and is used in the organization class of HOLY.
Schema.org: Schema.org provides schemas for structured data coming from the internet. The schemas on Schema.org range from a variety of different subjects including organizations, products, projects and places. The Hydrogen Ontology specifically embeds schema:Project and schema:ResearchProject in its project class.
Metadata4Ing: The Metadata4Ing Ontology (m4i) classifies science-related project activities within the area of engineering and neighboring sciences. It was released in February of 2022 and was created by a working group of the NFDI Consortium. It serves as an extension to the schema:Project class. In the Hydrogen Ontology, object properties of Metadata4Ing are used to illustrate relationships between projects and organizations.
DBpedia: DBpedia is a large, open-source cross-domain ontology inhabiting over 4.000.000 instances in its structure whose environment can be accessed with SPARQL queries. The Hydrogen Ontology inhabits DBpedia instances to enrich its structure.
dct/dc: tbd
Description and Commentary
The six core classes of the Hydrogen Ontology HOLY are org:Organization, schema:Project, holy:Product, holy:Application, holy:Indicator and holy:GeographicMarket. This structure is inspired by the Porters 5 Forces framework and market segmentation approaches to ensure a relevant, market-oriented structure. In addition, a top-down approach within the necessary classes is applied to provide a hierarchy which allows clustering from general to specialized.
The internal structure of the classes org:Organization and schema:Project are hereby completely built from extended structures of existing ontologies from The Organization Ontology, the Registered Organization Vocabulary, the euBusinessGraph, Schema.org, the Metadata4Ing Ontology and the DBpedia Ontology.
The classes holy:Product, holy:Application, holy:Indicator and holy:GeographicMarket contain taxonomies concerning composition of products, use cases, types of projects, economic indicators for markets and companies as well as location differentiation. These taxonomies were specifically created for the Hydrogen Ontology.
HOLY was designed to be compatible with Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods. Through the properties skos:example, skos:altLabel and skos:definition which describe each class, it includes a semantic component in its structure.
The Organization Layer
Organizations must be classified since they act as direct or indirect participants within an economic environment. Hereby, organizations can take different roles from being an active manufacturer or service provider to being an indirect player focusing more on governmental or administrative activities within a market.
The Organization layer of Holy uses ‘The Organization Ontology’ as its foundation since it provides an established and neutral classification scheme for classifying organizations in their different fields of economic activity. The selected classes supporting this structure are hereby org:Organization and org:FormalOrganization.
To provide an in-depth classification using classifiers such as NACE, ISIC or SIC, the extending object properties from ‘The Registered Organization Vocabulary’ have been implemented. To expand the classification of businesses even more, data properties of the euBusinessGraph were used.
Taxonomy of org:Organization in HOLY
Properties related to Organization
org:Organization has object properties connecting it to the main classes holy:Product, holy:Application, schema:Project, holy:GeographicMarket and holy:Indicator. The object properties linking holy:GeographicMarket and org:Organization reveal the location of a company’s economic activity or that of one of its subsidiaries. Properties relating to holy:Product and holy:Application identify manufacturers of products or application providers. Object properties to schema:Project discloses partnerships in previous, current or future projects. The relationship to the class holy:Indicator links performance indicators.
Properties going from org:Organization to org:Organization illustrate intercompany relationships such as being a subsidiary or being linked to a company through other business relations.
The Project Layer
Projects often indicate in which stage of application a certain technology is. To classify information concerning projects, the class schema:Project from the Schema.org framework was implemented. The underlying taxonomy divides schema:Project into the state and the purpose of the project.
Taxonomy of schema:Project in HOLY
Properties related to Project
schema:Project has relationships to the classes org:Organization, holy:Application, holy:Indicator, holy:Product and holy:GeographicMarket.
Object properties relate to the outcome of a project, allowing classification by either being related to a product (holy:relatesToProduct) or an application (holy:relatesToApplication). Object properties from the Megadata4Ing ontology connect organizations with projects (m4i:inProject/m4i:projectParticipant). The object property holy:hasIndicator to the class holy:Indicator takes criteria such as funding into account. The object property connecting to holy:GeographicMarket defines the location of a certain project.
The Product Layer
For representing the hydrogen market, products and technologies play an essential role. The terms ‘product’ and ‘technology 'are treated as substitute terms in this ontology based on their interchangeable use in different information sources (such as journal articles, press releases, company sites, and reports). Regarding the current focus on PEMFCs, products other than PEMFCs currently have no further component classes describing their composition.
The schema for holy:Product is organized in six different layers. The first subclass layer includes a separation between hydrogen products and substitute products as well as their respective components. For hydrogen products, products are separated in different value chain positions and product types.
Taxonomy of holy:Product in HOLY
Properties related to Product
holy:Product relates to the classes org:Organization, schema:Project, holy:Indicator, holy:Application and holy:GeographicMarket. The object property holy:isUsedIn to the class Application and its schema identifies use cases. The object property holy:producesProduct shows the producer of a product or technology. The object property holy:relatesToProduct creates a connection to show the participation of a Product or Technology in a certain Project. holy:hasProduct and holy:hasIndicator connect the product class with the main classes holy:Indicator and holy:GeographicMarket.
The Application Layer
It is intended to know the use case for certain products and technologies. Therefore, the class structure of holy:Application aims to provide a comprehensive list of possible applications.
holy:Application’s taxonomy is similar to holy:Product. Its first layer differentiates between mobile and stationary application types. Following a top-down approach, classes further below the taxonomy for holy:Application deliver more detailed classes concerning different types of mobile and stationary applications.
Based on the PEMFC focus, the subclass structure for mobile applications is currently more advanced than the structure below holy:Stationary.
Taxonomy of holy:Application in HOLY
Properties related to Application
holy:Application aligns with classes of org:Organization, schema:Project, holy:Indicator, holy:Product and holy:GeographicMarket. The object properties holy:usesTechnology and holy:usesProduct identify if an application is using a technology or a product. A connection to schema:Project via holy:relatesToApplication connects applications to ventures. The object property holy:applicationSoldIn to holy:GeographicMarket serves as an addition to holy:hasApplication since some components or technologies might be not available for sale in certain markets.
The Indicator Layer
To provide a structure covering competitiveness and development, the consideration of indicators concerning market size, investment or social development is needed.
The taxonomy for holy:Indicator includes classes for investment, employee size, market share, market size and revenue, entry barriers, patent and trend.
Taxonomy of holy:Indicator in HOLY
Properties related to Indicator
holy:Indicator has relationships to the classes schema:Project, org:Organization, holy:Product, holy:Application and holy:GeographicMarket. The incoming object property is holy:hasIndicator.
The Geographic Market Layer
To store geographic data, the addition of the class ‘GeographicMarket’ allows geographic segmentation of the main classes and its underlying structure. To do so, holy:GeographicMarket is mapped with the DBpedia ontology to allow a precise classification.
The taxonomy of holy:GeographicMarket consists of two subclasses from Schema.org (schema:continent and schema:country).
Taxonomy of holy:GeographicMarket in HOLY
Properties related to Geographic Market
holy:GeographicMarket relates to the classes schema:Project, holy:Indicator, holy:Application, holy:Product and org:Organization to allow geographic mapping of instances of other classes. holy:GeographicMarket also has an object property linking its two subclasses. The object property dbo:continent allows mapping with DBpedia to query missing geographic information from the DBpedia ontology.
Annotation Properties
Annotation Properties from RDFS and SKOS have been used to describe semantic information in the Hydrogen Ontology. The annotation properties integrated in HOLY's classes, together with a description and example from the class holy:Truck, are as follows:
The references are identical to information from the documentation of RDFS and SKOS.
Ontology Reference
Index of Classes and Properties
Organization Classes
Organization
| URI |
http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Organization
|
|---|---|
| Description | Represents a collection of people organized together into a community or other social, commercial or political structure. The group has some common purpose or reason for existence which goes beyond the set of people belonging to it and can act as an agent. Organizations are often decomposable into hierarchical structures. |
Formal Organization
| URI |
http://www.w3.org/ns/org#FormalOrganization
|
|---|---|
| Description | An organization which is recognized in the world at large, in particular in legal jurisdictions, with associated rights and responsibilities. Examples include a corporation, charity, government or church. |
| Sub Class Of | Organization |
Registered Organization
| URI |
http://www.w3.org/ns/regorg#RegisteredOrganization
|
|---|---|
| Description |
Inspired by the usage of the Registered Organization Vocabulary in the euBusinessGraph Ontology including links to The Organization Ontology.
A registered company or other group of people that work together in a certain economic field with the purpose to compete in a certain market. The economic field of activity is defined by statistical standardization numbers such as primarily EC NACE 2, ISIC and SIC. |
| Sub Class Of | Formal Organization |
Energy Sector Organization
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#EnergySectorOrganization
|
|---|---|
| Description | This section includes the activity of providing electric power, natural gas, steam, hot water and the like through a permanent infrastructure (network) of lines, mains and pipes. The dimension of the network is not decisive; also included are the distribution of electricity, gas, steam, hot water and the like in industrial parks or residential buildings. |
| Sub Class Of | Registered Organization |
International Organization
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#InternationalOrganization
|
|---|---|
| Description | Organizations classified in activities of international organisations such as the United Nations and the specialised agencies of the United Nations system, regional bodies etc., the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Customs Organisation, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the European Communities, the European Free Trade Association etc. according to Section U of EC NACE Rev. 2.
This class also includes: - activities of diplomatic and consular missions when being determined by the country of their location rather than by the country they represent |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Registered Organization |
Manufacturing Organization
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#ManufacturingOrganization
|
|---|---|
| Description | Organizations classified in the field of manufacturing according to EC NACE 2 (2008) in Section C Division 10-33. |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Registered Organization |
Public Administration and Defense Organization
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#PublicAdministrationAndDefenceOrganization
|
|---|---|
| Description | Organizations classified in the field of public administration and defence according to EC NACE 2 (2008) in Section O Division 84. |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Registered Organization |
Research Organization
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#ResearchOrganization
|
|---|---|
| Description | Organizations classified in the field of scientific and technical activities according to EC NACE 2 (2008) in Section M Division 69-75. |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Registered Organization |
Transportation And Storage Organization
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#TransportationAndStorageOrganization
|
|---|---|
| Description | Organizations classified in the field of transportation and storage according to EC NACE 2 (2008) in Section H Division 49-53. |
| Example |
TC Energy |
| Sub Class Of | Registered Organization |
Project Classes
Project
| URI |
http://schema.org/Project
|
|---|---|
| Description |
An enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative), planned to achieve a particular aim.
According to a combined definition from the Cambridge dictionary, Karen Brown and Robert Youker, a project can be defined as a piece of planned work consisting of interrelated activities which intends to fulfill a particular purpose within a certain period of time. A project can fulfill several purposes such as in the area of research (research projects), projects dedicated to product development, infrastructure-related projects and more. |
State Based Project
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#StateBasedProject
|
|---|---|
| Description | Project stage defines the level of progress for a project. It can be categorized according to the temporary stage such as planned, ongoing or finished. |
| Sub Class Of | Project |
Finished Project
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#FinishedProject
|
|---|---|
| Description | Finished Product as a subclass of Project Stage describes projects which have completed their intended purpose regardless of the level of success. |
| Sub Class Of | State Based Project |
Ongoing Project
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Ongoing
|
|---|---|
| Description | Ongoing as a subclass of Project Stage defines currently running projects which have been started but are not marked as finished or completed. |
| Sub Class Of | State Based Project |
Planned Project
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#PlannedProject
|
|---|---|
| Description | Planned as a sublcass of Project Stage refers to projects which have not been realised or started but are expected to start in the future. |
| Sub Class Of | State Based Project |
Purpose Based Project
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#PurposeBasedProject
|
|---|---|
| Description | A project classification defined during implementation that specifies essential project attributes and purpose. |
| Sub Class Of | Project |
Circular Economy Project
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#CircularEconomyProject
|
|---|---|
| Description | Project focusing on a circular system of reusing resources which were used for something. |
| Sub Class Of | Purpose Based Project |
Infrastructure Project
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#InfrastructureProject
|
|---|---|
| Description | Projects which are focused on the development, creation, maintenance or enhancement of structures and systems needed for a country, city or organization to function properly. |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Purpose Based Project |
Product Development Project
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#ProductDevelopmentProject
|
|---|---|
| Description | Projects focused on the development of new products or the refinement of existing ones. |
| Sub Class Of | Purpose Based Project |
Research Project
| URI |
http://schema.org/ResearchProject
|
|---|---|
| Description |
The Schema.org defintion of Research Project is 'A Research Project'
A research project is a scientific investigation, usually using scientific methods, to achieve defined objectives. |
| Sub Class Of | Purpose Based Project |
Product Classes
Product
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Product
|
|---|---|
| Description | An article that is manufactured or refined for sale. A distinction will be made between the different value chain positions of a product which can be sold and/or bought. |
Hydrogen Product
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#HydrogenProduct
|
|---|---|
| Description | Concerning the scope of focusing on fuel cells and more precisely on PEMFCs, the sub-class reconversion will be the most focused class. Transportation, Storage and Conversion subclasses would receive greater attention when shifting the ontology to other areas of the hydrogen value chain.
A product that is manufactured or refined for sale which can be used to produce, transport, store or "burn" / reconvert hydrogen. |
| Sub Class Of | Product |
Conversion
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Conversion
|
|---|---|
| Description | Conversion as a subclass of Hydrogen Technology defines knowledge of processing materials into hydrogen. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Product |
Reconversion
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Reconversion
|
|---|---|
| Description | Since reconversion solely happenes for energy creation using fuel cells, "Reconversion" is contributed to fuel cell component parts.
Reconversion as a subclass of Hydrogen Technology defines knowledge dealing with converting hydrogen back. |
| Example |
GR Yaris engine |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Product |
Alkaline Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#AlkalineFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | A fuel cell using potassium hydroxide in water as the electrolyte for powering using a variety of non-precious metals as a catalyst at the anode and cathode. (AFC) |
| Sub Class Of | Reconversion |
Hydrogen Product Component
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#HydrogenProductComponent
|
|---|---|
| Description | A part that combined with other parts make a hydrogen product. |
| Sub Class Of | Product |
Hydrogen Conversion Component
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#HydrogenConversionComponent
|
|---|---|
| Description | Basic components for products converting compounds two hydrogen.
The subclass " Hydrogen Conversion Component" could be expanded in future use when focusing the domain scope to the transport of hydrogen with respect to the value chain. For now, the class "Hydrogen Conversion Component" solely provides a storage container allowing future use. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Product Component |
Hydrogen Transport Component
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#HydrogenTransportComponent
|
|---|---|
| Description | Basic components of products designed for transporting hydrogen.
The subclass "Hydrogen Transport Component" could be expanded in future use when focusing the domain scope to the transport of hydrogen with respect to the value chain. For now, the class "Hydrogen Transport Component" solely provides a storage container allowing future use. Future expansions could categorize between transport technology components. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Product Component |
Hydrogen Storage Component
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#HydrogenStorageComponent
|
|---|---|
| Description | Components of products capable of storing hydrogen.
The subclass "Hydrogen Storage Component" could be expanded in future use when focusing the domain scope to the creation of hydrogen with respect to the value chain. For now, the class "Storage Component" solely provides a storage container allowing future use. Future expansions could categorize between storage technology components within tanks or using absorbing materials. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Product Component |
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Component
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#HydrogenFuelCellComponent
|
|---|---|
| Description | Basic components of hydrogen fuel cell systems.
Fuel Cell Component is directly alligned with sub-classes of 'Reconversion'. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Product Component |
Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#AnionExchangeMembraneFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | PEMFC-like fuel cell technology which needs less precious metals as catalysts in order to trigger chemical reaction. |
| Sub Class Of | Reconversion |
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#PhosphoricAcidFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | Polymer Elektrolyt Membrane Fuel Cells use a liquid phosporic acid as an electrolyte. They can be powered by hydrogen, natural gas or biogas. |
| Sub Class Of | Reconversion |
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#PolymerElectrolyteMembraneFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | Polymer Elektrolyt Membrane Fuel Cells use a solid polymer as an electrolyte and porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum or platinum alloy catalyst. They need only hydrogen, oxygen from the air, and water to operate. |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Reconversion |
Air Compressor
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#AirCompressor
|
|---|---|
| Description | Pressure regulating systems for enhancing fuel cell improvement by increasing pressure of reactant gases. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Fuel Cell Component |
Fuel Cell Stack
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#FuelCellStack
|
|---|---|
| Description | The heart of a fuel cell responsible for energy generation. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Fuel Cell Component |
Membrane Electrode Assembly
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#MembraneElectrodeAssembly
|
|---|---|
| Description | The Membrane Electrode Assembly is the heart of the fuel cell and the place where the chemical reaction takes place. It consists of membrane, catalyst layers and gas diffusion layers. |
| Sub Class Of | Fuel Cell Stack |
Catalyst Layer
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#CatalystLayer
|
|---|---|
| Description | Catalyst Layer are layers of anodes and cathodes which are placed on the opposite sites of the membrane. |
| Sub Class Of | Membrane Electrode Assembly |
Gas Diffusion Layer
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#GasDiffusionLayer
|
|---|---|
| Description | The Gas Diffusion Layer is a paper-like layer placed outside the catalyst layer and is responsible for transporting reactants into the catalyst layer by removing chemical reaction outcomes. |
| Sub Class Of | Membrane Electrode Assembly |
Membrane
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Membrane
|
|---|---|
| Description | A very thin membrane which conducts solely positively charged ions and is able to block electrons. |
| Sub Class Of | Membrane Electrode Assembly |
Supportive Hardware
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#SupportiveHardware
|
|---|---|
| Description | Supportive Hardware as a subclass of Fuel Cell Stack relates to components such as equipment, material and metals which enable efficient energy generation. |
| Sub Class Of | Fuel Cell Stack |
Bipolar Plate
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#BipolarPlate
|
|---|---|
| Description | Plates which provide electrical conduction between cells. Bipolar plates are used to separate cells within a fuel cell from each other and aim to provide physical strength to the stack of cells. |
| Sub Class Of | Supportive Hardware |
Gasket
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Gasket
|
|---|---|
| Description | Parts used for gas-tight sealing of the edges of the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). |
| Sub Class Of | Supportive Hardware |
Fuel Processor
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#FuelProcessor
|
|---|---|
| Description | Converters necessary to convert fuel into a fuel cell usable form. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Fuel Cell Component |
Humidifier
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Humidifier
|
|---|---|
| Description | Items regulating a certain level of humidity within a fuel cell. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Fuel Cell Component |
Power Conditioner
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#PowerConditioner
|
|---|---|
| Description | Electrical current regulators needed for managing power. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Fuel Cell Component |
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#SolidOxideFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | Caution, SOFCs must not be mixed up with SOEC's (Solid Oxide Electrolyser). SOFCs are fuel cells using hydrogen as a fuel to generate energy. SOEC's are used for hydrogen generation using the reversed process of an SOFC. For this ontology an SOEC would be a part of the conversion class. However, since conversion is out of scope, SOEC are not mentioned in a class structure under the subclass "Conversion".
Solid oxide fuel cells are fuel cells using a hard, non-porous ceramic compound as the electrolyte. They can reach temperatures up to 1000C (1830F). They can be powered by natural gas, coal gas, biogas or hydrogen. |
| Sub Class Of | Reconversion |
Storage
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Storage
|
|---|---|
| Description | Storage as a subclass of HydrogenTechnology defines the way that hydrogen can be stored for later usage. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Product |
Transport
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Transport
|
|---|---|
| Description | Transport as a subclass of Hydrogen Technology defines the way that hydrogen can be transported from one place to another. |
| Sub Class Of | Hydrogen Product |
Substitute Product
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#SubstituteProduct
|
|---|---|
| Description | For the domain scope, Substitute Product currently only defines products which are substitutes for hydrogen fuel cells.
A product that is manufactured or refined for sale which is using other resources than hydrogen to fulfill its purpose. |
| Sub Class Of | Product |
Battery
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Battery
|
|---|---|
| Description | A collection of one or more cells, storing electrical energy for powering electrical devices. |
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Product |
Alkaline Battery
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#AlkalineBattery
|
|---|---|
| Sub Class Of | Battery |
Lithium Battery
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#LithiumBattery
|
|---|---|
| Description | A lithium-ion battery is using lithium ions as a key component of its electrochemistry using liquid electrolyte solutions. |
| Example |
Tesla Powerwall |
| Sub Class Of | Battery |
Nickel Cadmium Battery
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#NickelCadmiumBattery
|
|---|---|
| Sub Class Of | Battery |
Nickel Metal Hydride Battery
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#NickelMetalHydrideBattery
|
|---|---|
| Sub Class Of | Battery |
Solid State Battery
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#SolidStateBattery
|
|---|---|
| Description | A solid-state battery uses solid lithium as an electrolyte, not liquid. |
| Sub Class Of | Battery |
Fossil Fuel
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#FossilFuel
|
|---|---|
| Description | >The subclass Fossil Fuel defines conventional energy production methods using fossil fuels as fuel. |
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Product |
Substitute Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#SubstituteFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | The subclass "SubstituteFuelCell" could be expanded in future use when focusing the domain scope to the creation of hydrogen concerning the value chain. For now the class "SubstituteFuelCell" solely provides a storage container allowing future use.
Fuel Cells using different resources as its anode gas than hydrogen. |
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Product |
Ammonia Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#AmmoniaFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | Fuel Cells using ammonia as its fuel. |
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Fuel Cell |
Ethanol Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#EthanolFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | Fuel Cells using ethanol as its fuel. |
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Fuel Cell |
Methanol Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#MethanolFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | Fuel cell which is powered by pure methanol. It is usually mixed with water and fed directly to the fuel cell anode. |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Fuel Cell |
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#MoltenCarbonateFuelCell
|
|---|---|
| Description | High temperature fuel cells using natural gas or biogas for powering. The fuel cell itself is able to convert hydrogen in a process called internal reforming. |
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Fuel Cell |
Substitute Product Component
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#SubstituteProductComponent
|
|---|---|
| Description | A part that combined with other parts make a product which is a substitute to hydrogen products.
The subclass "Substitute Product Component" could be expanded in future use when focusing on substitute products of hydrogen products. For now the class "Substitute Product Component" solely provides a storage container allowing future use. |
| Sub Class Of | Product |
Battery Component
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#BatteryComponent
|
|---|---|
| Description | Basic components for batteries.
The subclass "Battery Component" could be expanded in future use when focusing on batteries as substitutes for hydrogen products. For now the class "Battery Component" solely provides a storage container allowing future use. |
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Product Component |
Fossil Fuel Component
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#FossilFuelComponent
|
|---|---|
| Description | Basic components for products using fossil fuels.
The subclass "Fossil Fuel Component" could be expanded in future use when focusing on the components of fossil fuel products classifying as substitutes for hydrogen products. For now the class "Fossil Fuel Component" solely provides a storage container allowing future use. |
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Product Component |
Substitute Fuel Cell Component
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#FossilFuelComponent
|
|---|---|
| Description | Basic components for substitute fuel cells.
The subclass "Substitute Fuel Cell Component" could be expanded in future use when focusing on substitute fuel cells. For now the class "Substitute Fuel Cell Component" solely provides a storage container allowing future use. |
| Sub Class Of | Substitute Product Component |
Application Classes
Application
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Application
|
|---|---|
| Description | The intended end use of a hydrogen-based product or of the result of a hydrogen-related project. |
| Sub Class Of | Thing |
Mobile
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Mobile
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications related to the movement of people and/or goods. |
| Sub Class Of | Application |
Aviation
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Aviation
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications related to the transport of people or goods by any form of aircraft or spacecraft. |
| Sub Class Of | Mobile |
Aircraft
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Aircraft
|
|---|---|
| Description | A vehicle which can fly and carry goods or passengers. It has fixed wings and is powered by propellers or jets. |
| Example |
A321neo |
| Sub Class Of | Aviation |
Spacecraft
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Spacecraft
|
|---|---|
| Description | A vehicle designed for use and travel in space. |
| Sub Class Of | Aviation |
Marine
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Marine
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications related to sea transport of people or goods. |
| Sub Class Of | Mobile |
Cargo Ship
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#CargoShip
|
|---|---|
| Description | Any kind of a ship or any other vessel that transports heavy goods and materials from one port to another. |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Marine |
Cruise Ship
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#CruiseShip
|
|---|---|
| Description | A large ship like a hotel which people use for travel and pleasure. |
| Sub Class Of | Marine |
Ferry
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Ferry
|
|---|---|
| Description | A boat or ship for taking passengers and often vehicles across an area of water, especially as a regular service. |
| Sub Class Of | Marine |
Submarine
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Submarine
|
|---|---|
| Description | A ship that can travel underwater. |
| Sub Class Of | Marine |
Road
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Road
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications related to transport on land of people or goods. |
| Example |
Ballard Powered Vehicle |
| Sub Class Of | Mobile |
Bike
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Bike
|
|---|---|
| Description | A motorbike, motorcycle or scooter. |
| Example |
Honda Grazia Repsol Honda Team Edition |
| Sub Class Of | Road |
Bus
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Bus
|
|---|---|
| Description | A large motorzed vehicle with seats for many people. |
| Example |
Xcelsior CHARGE |
| Sub Class Of | Road |
Car
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Car
|
|---|---|
| Description | A road vehicle with an engine, four wheels, and seats for a small number of people. |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Road |
Material Handling
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#MaterialHandling
|
|---|---|
| Description | Vehicles which are intended to be used in a mobile context within the material handling process of organizations or private persons. |
| Sub Class Of | Road |
Train
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Train
|
|---|---|
| Description | A vehicle for roads made of railways using an engine and carriages to transport people or goods. |
| Sub Class Of | Road |
Cargo Train
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#CargoTrain
|
|---|---|
| Description | A train carrying mainly goods such as baggage, shipment or merchandise. |
| Sub Class Of | Train |
Passenger Train
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#PassengerTrain
|
|---|---|
| Description | A train carrying mostly people. |
| Sub Class Of | Train |
Truck
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Truck
|
|---|---|
| Description | Trucks are categorized in this ontology by distance and not by categories such as size or transportation limit.
A large road vehicle that is used for transporting large amounts of goods. |
| Sub Class Of | Road |
Long Haul Truck
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#LongHaulTruck
|
|---|---|
| Description | A large road vehicle which is used for long-distance transporation over 250 miles. |
| Sub Class Of | Truck |
Pickup Truck
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#PickupTruck
|
|---|---|
| Description | A small vehicle with an open part at the back in which goods can be carried. |
| Sub Class Of | Truck |
Regional Truck
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#RegionalTruck
|
|---|---|
| Description | A road vehicle which is small to large-sized and used for the transportation of goods within an area of 150 miles. |
| Sub Class Of | Truck |
Stationary
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Stationary
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications which are intended to be placed at one location without the possibility of physically being moved when used. |
| Sub Class Of | Application |
Heating
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Heating
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications generating heat for contributing to the heating of buildings or being used in industrial processes. |
| Sub Class Of | Stationary |
Industrial Heating
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#IndustrialHeating
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications used to generate heat for industry usage, such as manufacturing processes where great heat is required, or to heat large areas such as warehouses. |
| Sub Class Of | Heating |
Residential Heating
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#ResidentialHeating
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications used for heating a domestic house or residential area (multiple domestic houses). |
| Sub Class Of | Heating |
Power Generation
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#PowerGeneration
|
|---|---|
| Description | Use of hydrogen or hydrogen products in the field of electricity production via power generating equipment or as fuel. |
| Sub Class Of | Stationary |
Industrial Processing
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#IndustrialProcessing
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications used for industrial processing. Industrial processing involves the manufacturing of semi-finished or high-quality end products by means of physical, mechanical and/or chemical processes. |
| Sub Class Of | Stationary |
Chemical Industrial Processing
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#ChemicalIndustrialProcessing
|
|---|---|
| Description | Hydrogen is one of the key starting materials used in the chemical industry. It is a fundamental building block for the manufacturing of ammonia, fertilizers, and methanol, which is used in the manufacture of many polymers.
Applications of hydrogen in the chemical industry creating chemical products for numerous sectors such as pharmaceutical, agricultural or consumer goods usage. |
| Sub Class Of | Industrial Processing |
Refinery Industrial Processing
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#RefineryIndustrialProcessing
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications of hydrogen in the refinery industry dedicated to process oil to create different types of oil and oil products. |
| Sub Class Of | Industrial Processing |
Steel Industrial Processing
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#SteelIndustrialProcessing
|
|---|---|
| Description | Applications of hydrogen or hydrogen products in the steel industry with respect to the processing of iron ore into certain types of steel. |
| Sub Class Of | Industrial Processing |
Indicator Classes
Indicator
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Indicator
|
|---|---|
| Description | Class defined to list certain market indicators of the hydrogen domain.
Something that shows what a situation is like or how it is changing. |
Employee
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Employee
|
|---|---|
| Description | Number of persons working for an organization. |
| Sub Class Of | Indicator |
Entry Barrier
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#EntryBarrier
|
|---|---|
| Description | Obstacles individuals face when participating in a particular market. |
| Sub Class Of | Indicator |
Investment
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Investment
|
|---|---|
| Description | Money invested by an entity for something like a project, product or application. |
| Sub Class Of | Indicator |
Market Size
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#MarketSize
|
|---|---|
| Description | Total number of potential buyers of a product or service within a given market, and the total revenue that these sales may generate. |
| Sub Class Of | Indicator |
Patent
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Patent
|
|---|---|
| Description | Total number of patents attributed to a class individual. |
| Sub Class Of | Indicator |
Revenue
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Revenue
|
|---|---|
| Description | Generated amount within a certain class in a certain period of time. |
| Sub Class Of | Indicator |
Trend
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#Trend
|
|---|---|
| Description | General development or changes of a situation in terms of behavior which can manifest itself in being discussed in forums, conferences or expos. |
| Example |
|
| Sub Class Of | Indicator |
Geographic Market Classes
Geographic Market
| URI |
http://purl.org/holy/ns#GeographicMarket
|
|---|---|
| Description | An area of land which can be classified for business or trade concerning a particular product or domain. |
Continent
| URI |
http://schema.org/Continent
|
|---|---|
| Description | One of the seven large land masses on the earth's surface, surrounded, or mainly surrounded, by sea and usually consisting of various countries. |
| Sub Class Of | Geographic Market |
Country
| URI |
http://schema.org/Country
|
|---|---|
| Description | An area of land that has its own government, army, etc. |
| Sub Class Of | Geographic Market |