OOHHHHHH
Buona sera, buona domenica sera a tutti.
Questa sera andiamo insieme a ripercorrere gli anni 70 e 80,
quelli della strategia della tensione, gli anni di piombo,
anni che però fanno ancora parte della nostra storia, della nostra attualità.
Allora ricominciamo a raccontare quella storia,
quella storia che ci appartiene, da un punto di vista molto particolare.
Quello troppo poco raccontato delle vittime.
E allora cominciamo proprio da qualcuno che quel giorno era lì in piazza della loggia,
e solo per una frazione di secondo, è ancora qui oggi a raccontarlo.
Pioveva quel giorno a Brescia, era il 28 maggio 1974.
In piazza della loggia, un mare di umbrelli aperti.
C'era una manifestazione dei sindacati contro il terrorismo neofascista.
Nascosti in un cestino dei rifiuti, set tetti di esplosivo scoppiano alle 10 e 12 minuti.
Dopo 38 anni di inchiestere, in via giudizio, piste ed epistaggi,
dopo morti sospette esparizioni di testimoni,
dopo una dozina di sentenze, l'ultima delle quali recentissima,
la strage non ha ancora colpevoli.
Tra le vittime c'era una giovane donna, Livi a Bottard di Milani,
era in piazza col marito Manglio, lui si salva.
La perdita tua rimane inevitabilmente e te la porti dietro dappertutto,
ma essa si accentua proprio perché essa è una dimensione pubblica.
E allora il senso dell'impunità diventa ancora più forte.
Ma è davvero accaduto il 28 maggio del 74,
eravamo davvero in piazza con quel giorno.
Allora mi devo mettere di fronte una specchio e dire,
è caspita mia moglie e miei amici quella mattina che era,
con cui quali eravamo insieme, oggi non ci sono più.
Quante volte mi sono sentito dire,
ma se invece d' andare in piazza,
no te una frase di questo tipo porta a negare la tua funzione di cittadina,
mentre invece nelle associazioni ritrovarci tra di noi,
a identificarci in una stessa medisima dimensione,
permette proprio di capirci,
perché vede i fatti di questo genere,
che cosa ti tolgono?
Ti tolgono la fiducia nei confronti dell'altro.
Ci sono ancora oggi persone a distanze di decenni,
che sono in analisi,
proprio perché tra l'altro in Italia è mancata completamente una,
è manca tuttura, mi avviso una cultura nei confronti della vittima.
C'è una vittima di questi creati,
ma credo a volte dei creati in generale,
ma ha bisogno di immediatamente di un certo tipo di sostigno.
La legge che prevede anche il supporto di natura psicologica
è stata promulgata il 2 agosto del 2006,
e qui stiamo parlando di Vicenda del 1969 o 1974, per quanto ci riguarda.
La vittima ha bisogno di essere supportata, aiutata.
In mente, ritorna l'ultimo flash.
Io è lì via che ci stiamo avvicinando a questa colonna,
dovevamo l'appuntamento con i nostri amici, con i tre beschi e le altri.
Un amico che mi ferma per chiedermi un'informazione,
al solo sguardo, io incrocio gli occhi di lì via,
ci salutiamo in quel momento lo scoppio.
È stata una sorta di estremo soluto.
Dunque, Maglio Milani è una vittima.
È una vittima che soffre come moltissime altre di DPS.
Che cos'è?
È il disturbo postraumatico da stress.
Lo hanno scoperto gli americani.
Se ne erano accorti già dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale,
hanno dato il nome scientifico a questo disturbo
che è in americano e appunto PTSD durante il Vietnam.
C'è un gruppo di ricercatori dell'Istituto di Ppsichiatria dell'Università di Siena
che se ne ha occupato con Tenacia
e sta finalmente dando il nome alla malattia
che affligge queste persone.
Moltissime persone, lo vedrete.
Oggi siamo a Siena
e andremo adesso al Policlinico Universitario di Siena,
dove il Dipartimento di Neurologia dell'Università di Siena
studia e cura il disturbo postraumatico da stress.
Tutti noi siamo esposti al rischio di questa malattia,
il disturbo postraumatico da stress
può colpire chi è stato coinvolto in un attentato,
chi è sopravvissuto ad una bomba,
chi è in qualche modo stato coinvolto in una sparatoria,
chi è stato coinvolto in un incidente.
È una malattia che è stata riconosciuta relativamente da poco
ma che in realtà è molto antica.
Stiamo intanto con la dottorezza Letizia Bossini
cos'è il disturbo postraumatico da stress?
Se c'è stato un evento traumatico
che ha delle specifiche caratteristiche,
è vero simile e si sviluppe questa sindrome
che ha come caratteristica
quella di avere dei raggruppamenti di agnostici specifici,
di sintomi, sono dei sintomi specifici,
sia in termini psicologici, diciamo di anzi,
per esempio, che in termini più fisici,
come la taila rabbia, il senso di sudurazione,
piuttosto che per esempio gli scopi di rabbia,
piuttosto che...
e questo è il gruppo dei sintomi più devastante
in rivivere costantemente l'evento traumatico,
sia durante la veglia sotto forma di immagini
o spezzoni dell'evento traumatico
che durante il sonno in termini di incubi, di sogni.
Durante quali però si rivive esattamente l'accaduso?
Il 9 maggio, il giorno della memoria delle vittime del terrorismo
e cioè un paradoso, noi continuiamo a creare dei giorni della memoria
ma per le vittime che sono sopravvissute agli attentati,
tutti i giorni dell'anno sono giorni della memoria
e come se la loro memoria e il loro cervello
fosse rimasto bloccato al momento in cui c'è stato l'attentato
in cui sono stati sparati i colpi di pistola
in cui esplosa la bomba
e questo ha condizionato tutta la loro vita.
Paradosamente anche ognuno di noi è a rischio di questo.
Categorie più a rischio ovviamente sono, appunto,
i militari impegnati nei combattimenti,
piuttosto che per esempio i soccorritori,
i soccorritori volontari,
se non hanno una adeguata preparazione,
quindi il loro cervello, diciamo, non è pronto
e non si aspetta le scene che potenzialmente trova
all'avanti a ogni genere stradale devastante,
piuttosto che, per esempio, i soccorritori,
del color del soccorridore,
c'è uno studio fatto su un alto,
ogni uno dei soccorritori,
hanno usato un disturbo,
che la scena era talmente, veramente,
spaventosa,
anche da un punto di vista con un percettivo
che non c'era, forse,
una preparazione in termini percettivi,
quello che poi sarebbero,
si sarebbero animati.
Quindi questo è un aspetto,
l'altro aspetto è un bisogno dei familiari,
tanti familiari di, per esempio,
le vite, appunto, del terrorismo,
possono avere essi stessi
un disturbo postraumatico da stress,
perché in molti studi,
letteratura, una delle principali cause
del disturbo postraumatico da stress
è proprio la morte improvvisa di una persona cara,
oppure l'aver saputo in maniera improvvisa
del pericolo di morte
o di danno
di una persona cara,
per cui i familiari, che erano presenti
dei mogli piuttosto che i genitori,
piuttosto che i fratelli,
che erano presenti a un momento
in cui è avvenuto l'evento traumatico,
non presenti fisicamente
nel momento dell'altentato,
che vivevano con la persona,
nel momento dell'evento traumatico
possono avere essi stessi sviluppato
e anche diversi familiari abbiamo visto in questo senso.
La storia delle vittime, la storia di queste persone,
la storia delle stragi che,
antravolto un paese, sembra lontana
e pure i processi continuano
e anzi, proprio per l'ennesima volta,
tre giorni fa, l'altro ieri,
è stato chiuso un filone processuale
che riguarda Piazza Fontana,
un altro pezzo di cui,
più in là di così,
non si capirà probabilmente altro.
Allora, continuare il nostro percorso,
andando a sentire proprio
una di quelle storie di Piazza Fontana,
una persona che era lì
e che porta ancora oggi
nel suo corpo i segni di quel giorno.
Piazza Fontana
Piazza Fontana
Piazza Fontana
Piazza Fontana
Per me piazza Fontana
In me per anni
non l'ho percepito
l'odore del sangue
mescolato a quello
della polvere e dell'esplosivo.
È un odore
che mi veniva
quando mi corricavo la sera
in the middle of the night,
resting my head on the kitchen.
I can explain what it was,
the noise of an air that breaks the noise of the sound,
which is a terrible noise,
inside.
And here you really lose the cognition
of the time, of the space.
In addition,
this noise that I had to see,
that day there were people
on the left, on the left,
on the left,
with artis hanging on a bench,
the head on the other side,
a leg on the other side.
I never talk about this,
if someone asks me, because someone knows it,
I always notice a form of embarrassment,
almost as if
I had to unload a problem on his shoulders,
as if I had to face a problem,
and I had to feel obligated
to be empathetic.
Today we live in a society
where everything is virtual.
The strage, the massaging is virtual,
almost a video game,
through television and movies,
so you also lose a little,
in my opinion, the feeling of the tragedy of the fact,
because these things are done to us.
Mr. Prine, from the other side,
you have a very particular stress disorder,
in the sense that it has a delayed exorbitant.
A delayed exorbitant means that,
immediately after the traumatic event,
that for a certain period of time,
sometimes even years,
the brain is as if it put the stand-by,
as if it blocked the traumatic event,
but it did not hide it,
it was not elaborated.
So apparently the operation
and the functionality of the subject
can remain the same,
especially if it goes away
in which the traumatic event has occurred.
Mr. Prine has been transferred
from abroad for many years.
The moment when he had to return to Italy
and then to re-actualize,
in terms of perceptions,
what he saw, what he felt,
the traumatic event that had occurred,
the whole clinical framework exploded.
The clinical framework,
which is characterized by
a whole series of symptoms,
which bring back the traumatic event
in every single symptom,
when reliving the traumatic event,
in the form of images
or sensations,
also physical, sounds, smells,
what he experienced
at the time of the traumatic event,
the symptoms of eviction,
which are symptoms for which the subject
avoids any kind of stimulation,
can also only be remotely
correlated with the event.
For example, in the case of Piazza Fontana,
I know that, for example, in the case of Piazza Fontana,
I know that, in the case of Piazza Fontana,
there are symptoms of explosion,
rather than avoiding
or still understimulating,
having extreme reactions
in front of symptoms, for example,
of hearing loss, which have an intensity,
for those who do not suffer from a normal disorder,
so all the more it can attract
our attention,
but symptoms of neuroveicentative,
there is a kind of surgery, a solution,
as if it were an intensity
that seems to have an explosion.
Then we are going through
today our story.
First we saw Piazza della Loggia Brescia,
then Piazza Fontana Milano,
now the eighth, the Bologna Station.
It is a disaster.
And think that there are three people
condemned to free foot
and yet the sensation is spread.
It is only a sensation that the truth
is not yet written.
Piazza della Loggia
Every day I remember
that I had to go home
from my parents
when Piazza trascorsa
in the Appennini, Tosco, Romagnoli
from my parents
and I found myself in the station
at 10.25,
when suddenly
there was this explosion
and I found myself
under the stairs.
I broke the leg
I had mobile problems,
so I came to a certain point
that I had to face this trauma
to go up
and there are also those
who have been condemned
and lead a better life
of ours.
I would like to refer to
the three guests
given to the executioners
of the strike
which are already
free citizens
with all their rights
and the possibility
to be elected
to our parliament
and all my colleagues
every day
I tell them
there are people who
don't come home
after 30-40 years
who have been killed
there are people
who can't work
and they have another treatment.
In reality your mother
prescindes
from the gravity
and pain
which is a terrorist attack
because the terrorist attack
is a tragedy for itself
from a social point of view
personal
but it is also
from a sanitary point of view
because it has
a very powerful power
to get rid of this disorder
and the disorder of post-traumatic stress
but the disorder can be treated
can be cured
this does not cancel the gravity
and all that has to be done
from a social point of view
for what has happened
but it allows the person
to make a life again
and then to live
his present
and not continue to live exclusively
in the traumatic past
in the end to see the images
to feel the same sensations
which this prevents
to make a normal life again
Bologna, but there were not just the bombs
that only in 1977
there were more than 2,000
attentive
among large and small
street attacks, journalists
and syndicalists, the forces of order
and then
the DPS
which has been treated as a disease of single cases
maybe it would also be rethought
maybe a disease that concerns
our nation a little bit
and maybe also one of the reasons
why writing those pages of history
is still so complex
it happens that
in those days you could walk
and someone could shoot you
shoot your legs, but it was not so simple
think that they were invented
at that point even to kill
the head of the projectiles
so that the projectile entering
had the certainty of breaking the art
of the rock
The fact that
on the 29th of February 1980
in Genoa, under my
apartment
around 8 in the morning
the leg was fractured
in a very serious way
as these
were used by the
Italian speakers
so they were
defragated
inside the leg
which was broken
completely
and then there was another blow
in short
the next letter
was from a year
from Jesse
the material author
was
Tutto Reincarcere
the other
went out
and left Italy
and lost completely the traces
and then there were other
parts of the group
in cover
and some of these
were the classic paintings
which were not
almost even a day
of art
there is a fundamental link
which is
to act
a law
of 2004
still today
in the area of a country
in which
sacrifices, tears and blood
are required
we allow ourselves
to say
that tears have poured
too much
and we no longer have them
blood
the quantity
has been absolutely exaggerated
we believe that justice
must be
finally given to us
fundamentally
this is a country
without memory
that is to say
in formal recurrences
there is the talk of Apparatus
and then there is nothing
and then we often
ask ourselves a question
but who did it worse?
the subject
that actually hit us
or the society
well thought out
and in which we found ourselves
and in which we returned
in which we actually expected
something
I have reported to you
situations
that have been told
I must say that under your profile
of the
recurrence on the workplace
were extremely difficult
to say in some cases non-existent
I would not want to use the term
mobbing
which is quite close
considering that
we were talking about people
that I believe had
had to face very heavy
tests
and all in all often in name
and on behalf of the country
at that time I did not
think of dying or not
I was watching a movie
I saw a situation
in which I actually
was a hero
but as if you were shooting
a movie
so my mind at that time
was absolutely blocked
and the first reaction
that was essentially that
was to try to avoid the blows
at the moment I
fell to the ground
injured
you completely reacquired
my lucidity
in the sense that from the window
of the condominium there was an old lady
who had seen the whole
scene
and who was crying
and I looked at her and said
lady do not cry please call
the ambulance and call the police
society is
very disappointed
by possible traumatic events
that is what our brain
normally does not consider
as probable or possible
for me
it is dangerous
that it puts me in conditions
that I cannot have the possibility
to manage or defend
in front of an event
this is precisely what the
characteristic of an event is that
it causes the disturbance
I cannot choose
whether to escape or attack
in terms
of an event
a dangerous event
so on the one hand
the patient who found himself
in the conditions of getting up
in an absolutely passive way
there is no way to escape
at that moment
on the other hand
to physically see who has survived
such a dramatic event
that can potentially
happen to everyone
that is not considered because
there is a very low probability
but in power it can happen to everyone
this is very dangerous
from the distant
from what is the living example
of what can happen to me at any moment
it has given me a whole series of
defense mechanisms of my brain
that make me stay calm
just recently
relatively for a few years
psychiatry recognizes the symptoms
of PTSD, post-traumatic disorder
from stress
in the Second World War
the General Paton, American in Sicily
entered hospitals
literally the soldiers who suffered
from this disorder
and made them undergo pentatal injection
to find out if they were
relatives who did not want to go to the front
they were saying the truth
or if they were lying to escape
the battle to the combatants
John Houston instead made a film
at the end of the war
on the soldiers who suffered
from this serious disorder
and who were no longer able to go to society
there are descriptions
of the period in which they speak of Granada
the Second World War
and Granada's shock was
this picture
the images you are seeing
are part of a combat film
shot on 23 and 24 September
of 1944 in Italy
in a psychiatric hospital
of the 5th medical army
to the soldiers with the symptoms
of post-traumatic disorder
is made a pentatal injection
also known as the seat of truth
an anesthetic that is taken in a dosy massage
has nothing to do with self-control
and therefore reduces the possibility of lying
if you are simulating
I think you are telling the truth
if you are simulating
in fact the simulation
of this disorder
can seem simple
in terms of
what are the symptoms
and simulates the symptoms
in reality the eyes of a clinic
that sees post-traumatic disorder
is impossible to simulate
because the reactions
of terror, anxiety
of sense of danger
heart attack, saturation
that manifest themselves
in the face of the person
in the similar characteristics of the person
when he has to talk about that event
and not the other
they do it by themselves
let's say they direct themselves
towards a diagnosis
therefore the simulation
in a superficial way
can be done
but the physical reactions
the amnesia of the pupils
when they talk about the event
the sensation of heart attack, the fear
that is the basis of the construction
that is at the moment of danger
because you have to be ready
to respond to the danger
when you wonder what happened
the reticence with which
before starting to talk about the event
rather than leaving
and they talk about the other
and they are difficult to simulate
the post-traumatic disorder
of stress is historically
present for many years
the risk
of developing the disorder
post-traumatic stress is greater
in the experience of interpersonal violence
such as war, bombing
or torture
it is a psychiatric syndrome
that hits thousands of young Europeans
at the hands of the combatants
during the First World War
in source, followed by a traumatic experience
like the bombing shock
it was looking for people
in fear, horror or the feeling
of not having a chance to escape
carried in the comic books
these soldiers met psychiatrists
who did not know how to face this pathology
and applied almost always
useful but to speed up the plot
in the shortest possible time
these guys lived continuously
the trauma, suffering from an increase
of reactivity and vigilance
like this soldier who, in the mention of the word
bombing, ran to hide
or this other, terrorized
at the simple sight of a military uniform
I am a boy
who has forgotten the story
closed his hands
and subjected to the sight of the next
boys who have left a trace
in the clinics and hospitals
and in the rare scientific films
made by the doctors of the time
the centenary of the Croix Affair
came to Trincet and Beg
during the First World War
gave the point to a film
of 2012
on the Schell Shock
a term that means
to understand
a whole series of pathologies
not linked to physical facts
in which you could not understand
the connection
these aspects
generated strange behaviors
not absolutely defined
these
they multiplied
in many cases these situations
therefore
generically and in a ridiculous way
such situations
are referred to the so-called
semi-war
instead it was about pathologies
of the post-traumatic disorder of stress
pathologies at the time not known
and not adequately treated
there are no adequate medical knowledge
and
in some cases treated with the Electron Shock
in reality
often the cure of the disease
was worse than the disease itself
how to say
wanting to adjust
a TV
taking the punch
in different cases
such pathologies were not recognized
as psychiatric pathologies
and the soldiers
were cut
of cord and insulation
to not return to the front
consequently they were often
deliberately shot
the most surprising aspect
is that today this pathology
still remains a taboo
a significant numerical data
from the moment in which
there are news of the pathology
of disorder, that is
in 1990
a science
made by the American soldiers
who fought
in Iraq and Afghanistan
made
to verify
that the number of suicides
was even higher
than the fall
on the battlefield
in Italy the post-traumatic disorder of stress
was recognized as such
at the end of the 80's
in 1990
the victims of terrorism and their family
were hit by this pathology
on the one hand
and they were not the right
and therefore
in some cases
the pathology of the DPS
with other psychiatric pathologies
were not only
not the right
but even wrong
what led to the confrontations
of the victims of terrorism
and the confrontations of their pathology
with very serious damages
in Italy there are only
few centers of excellence
specialized in the pathology
in the care of the pathology of the DPS
let's quote
for example
the psychiatry section of the University of Siena
Dr. E. Tizia Bossini
and the MDR
represented by
Isabel Fernandez
European and Italian president
of the Middle East
unfortunately still today
there is no adequate knowledge
of the pathology
even among the psychiatry specialists
and often such pathologies
are left
to the care of the extreme type
a very critical aspect
that is intended
to highlight
is that this lack of knowledge
of the pathology
then behaves
very noticeably
in the medical and legal evaluation
it was
asserted
at the scientific level
national and international
that the pathology
can also have
its successor
to the care
therefore it can have a delay
and also
this very important underline
that the pathology
itself can be asserted
with safety
from a clinic prepared
allowing at this point
no causality between the care
and the pathology itself
for various cases
and more than 40 years ago
we are talking about the invalids of victims and terrorism
there are still
big problems as far as the
researches are concerned
as for the medical and medical commissioners
military
of the invalids
they often encounter
an extremely
miserable assessment of the damage
that has been done
and in some cases
they even deny the cause
of the terrorist attack
and
the insolvency of the pathology
this was the case
of Roberto Prina
who survived at Piazza Fontana
who was forced
to go to court
to be recognized for his sacred rights
but there are also many other invalids
of victims and terrorism
that are now forced
to go to court again
as the evaluations
are considered inadequate
we find it really
unbearable
that
people who have poured their blood
have immediately suffered serious
physical and mental injuries
for the defense of the democratic state
are now forced
to go to court again
to
recognize their own sacred rights
and having as a counterpart
of those who survived.
