
@article{ WOS:000629395200001,
Author = {Bezerra, Paulo Eduardo Silva and Santana, Francisco Marcante and Barbosa
   de Moura, Geraldo Jorge},
Title = {{Sustainability assessment of a lizard assemblage in Pernambuco state,
   Brazil}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{60}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Several species of lizards are disappearing around the world. Their
   populations are declining on a global scale and for carrying out
   conservation actions, it is necessary to identify the real risks of
   extinction and the threats that affect the species. Alternative
   methodologies that are commonly applied and also the use of different
   approaches are important tools to fill gaps concerning various threats
   and vulnerabilities of the species. The aim of this study was to test
   the effectiveness of the ``Stobutzki sustainability{''} method in
   assessing the degree of vulnerability to extinction of lizards with
   occurrence registered in Pernambuco, Brazil. 41 species were evaluated
   by using the ``Stobutzki sustainability{''} method, based on scoring and
   ranking. The analysis was made from a graphical representation of the
   factors of ``Threats{''} and ``Vulnerabilities{''} of lizards. The great
   majority of the species (n = 30) has not shown to be vulnerable. Only 11
   lizards were not considered sustainable. The lizards Nothobachia
   ablephara, Cercosaura ocellata, and Procellosaurinus erythrocercus
   demonstrated a very high degree of vulnerability to extinction. The
   gymnophtalmidae family was the least sustainable. A total of 16 threats
   of anthropogenic origin for the populations of lizards in Pernambuco
   were detected. Half of the species of lizards (n = 21) have a low number
   of embryos per litter (<3). Additionaly, this group was considered
   partially generalist, having an occurrence extension smaller than 40,000
   km(2) and measurements between 100 and 300 mm in total length. Among the
   top 10 in our Vulnerability Ranking there are six lizards included in
   threat categories on the list of the Regional Environment Agency of
   Pernambuco. The ``Vulnerabilities{''} axis was ordered by the fecundity
   of the species, their distribution and preference for certain
   microhabitats. Furthermore, for the ``Threats{''} axis, the structuring
   was based on the situation of the habitats of these species and their
   distribution in protected areas. The strongest biological predictors of
   extinction risk for lizards of Pernambuco state were litter size,
   microenvironmental specificity, and the extent of occurrence. The
   ``Stobutzki Sustainability{''} method is an important tool to assist the
   evaluation of vulnerability to extinction in lizard species, as well as
   the criteria used for researches on other lizard assemblages.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.jnc.2021.125957}},
Article-Number = {{125957}},
ISSN = {{1617-1381}},
EISSN = {{1618-1093}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bezerra, Paulo/AAD-5333-2021
   DE MOURA, GERALDO JORGE/AAX-2883-2021}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{DE MOURA, GERALDO JORGE/0000-0001-7241-7524}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000629395200001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000630243100002,
Author = {Stark, Tiara E. and Simoes, Nuno and Daly, Marymegan},
Title = {{Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the commercially-collected
   Caribbean blue-legged hermit crab (Clibanarius tricolor)}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION GENETICS}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{465-482}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Shifts from ornamental fish tanks to functional reef ecosystem aquaria
   has led to unprecedented pressure on marine invertebrate fisheries. The
   Caribbean blue-legged hermit crab (Clibanarius tricolor) is among the
   species targeted for functional reef tanks, valued for its role as an
   aquarium cleaner. Little is known about the biology of the species or
   the genetic landscape in which the increased collecting is happening.
   Here, we investigate the phylogeographic history and genetic diversity
   of C. tricolor through analysis of mitochondrial (CO1, 16S) and nuclear
   (H3) DNA. We test whether phylogeographic breaks for other invertebrates
   structure the genetic diversity of C. tricolor and explore additional
   factors that may govern structure, such as reproductive strategy, life
   history, habitat preference, adult mobility, demographic history, and
   vicariance events. Based on these three markers, we find high genetic
   diversity and connectivity and find no evidence to support the tested
   barriers as relevant to gene flow for C. tricolor. Rather, mitochondrial
   and nuclear markers infer high genetic diversity, panmixia, and
   demographic expansion during the Pleistocene. Our finding of panmixia
   makes it difficult to identify source or sink populations, but the
   absence of hierarchical structure inferred from mtDNA and nuDNA markers
   we use, high levels of genetic diversity and homogeneity for these same
   markers, and advantageous life history traits suggest C. tricolor is not
   currently at special risk; however, geographically restricted haplotypes
   and limitations within our study prevent us from making a strong
   conclusion about the sustainability of the fishery. Our work on the
   Caribbean blue-legged hermit crab highlights the importance of acquiring
   basic information on exploited species and reiterates that common
   regional forces may not equally impact connectivity among co-distributed
   species.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10592-021-01348-z}},
EarlyAccessDate = {{MAR 2021}},
ISSN = {{1566-0621}},
EISSN = {{1572-9737}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Daly, Marymegan/F-9178-2011
   Simoes, Fernando Nuno Dias Marques/D-9974-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Simoes, Fernando Nuno Dias Marques/0000-0001-7490-3147
   Stark, Tiara/0000-0002-6586-6695}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000630243100002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000630543100004,
Author = {Davila, Federico and Plant, Roel and Jacobs, Brent},
Title = {{Biodiversity revisited through systems thinking}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{48}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{16-24}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Systems thinking provides a comprehensive range of theories and methods
   that are useful for understanding and managing sustainability
   challenges. Biodiversity conservation is riddled with complex
   interactions between science, society and myriad interacting systems
   through temporal and spatial scales. This article presents a synthetic
   analysis of the history of systems thinking from a genealogical
   perspective, drawing from hard and soft systems thinking, and resilience
   and social-ecological systems. Using the anchor point of system leverage
   points and system characteristics (parameters, feedbacks, design and
   intent), we employ a diversity of examples to illustrate their relevance
   to multiple biodiversity related problems. We conclude by illustrating
   the opportunities for systems thinking to bridge epistemic divides with
   multiple biodiversity actors working towards conservation outcomes.
   Systems thinking can support more integrative biodiversity
   interventions, as they provide a pluralistic set of tools for bridging
   knowledges and disciplines, which can be useful to create new shared
   understandings of how to conserve biodiversity.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0376892920000508}},
Article-Number = {{PII S0376892920000508}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
EISSN = {{1469-4387}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Davila, Federico/0000-0002-6899-1854
   Plant, Roel/0000-0003-3006-741X}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000630543100004}},
}

@article{ WOS:000613188600001,
Author = {Larue, Benjamin and Pelletier, Fanie and Cote, Steeve D. and Hamel,
   Sandra and Festa-Bianchet, Marco},
Title = {{Growth and reproduction trade-offs can estimate previous reproductive
   history in alpine ungulates}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{58}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{869-878}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{1. Life-history theory predicts energy allocation trade-offs between
   traits when resources are limited. If females reduce allocation to
   growth when they reproduce, annual growth could reveal past reproductive
   effort, which would be useful to assess population dynamics and harvest
   sustainability. The potential and accuracy of growth measures for
   predicting reproductive success have rarely been evaluated with
   individuals with known reproductive history.
   2. We used long-term monitoring of annual growth and reproduction of
   marked female bighorn sheep and mountain goats, two species in which
   primiparity normally occurs well before growth completion, to evaluate
   growth versus reproduction trade-offs and their potential for predicting
   reproductive history of young females using mixed models and 10-fold
   block cross-validation.
   3. We documented a significant reduction in mass gain and horn growth in
   young reproducing females of both species. This trade-off was affected
   by individual differences in energy acquisition and allocation because
   population density and previous allocation to growth affected the
   trade-off. We then parameterized models to predict individual
   reproductive history of young females based on the growth traits
   subjected to a reproductive trade-off.
   4. The accuracy of predictive models ranged from 85.2\% to 91.0\% across
   species and traits, indicating that growth is a good predictor of
   reproductive history. This method is especially useful for population
   management of species with traits that form permanent visible yearly
   annuli because they retain a record of annual growth that allows
   retrospective estimation of reproductive history over multiple years.
   5. Synthesis and applications. We show that because growth significantly
   decreased in years of allocation to reproduction, annual growth
   increments provide insights on reproductive history of young females.
   Population or temporal differences in reproduction of young females
   affect demographic rates and sustainable harvest. Growth measures of
   traits that form yearly annuli, such as teeth and horns, could be easily
   obtained at a low cost from animals harvested or found dead in multiple
   species. Thus, predictive models of reproductive history based on annual
   growth could assist conservation and management in a broad range of
   species.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.13840}},
EarlyAccessDate = {{JAN 2021}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000613188600001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000607444900001,
Author = {Tam, Jordan and Waring, Timothy and Gelcich, Stefan and Chan, Kai M. A.
   and Satterfield, Terre},
Title = {{Measuring behavioral social learning in a conservation context: Chilean
   fishing communities}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{3}},
Number = {{1, SI}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{In the sustainability and conservation sciences, ``social learning{''}
   is defined as a group process which depends on trust and social capital
   and tends to boost conservation outcomes. We term this ``collaborative
   social learning.{''} Meanwhile, the behavioral sciences define social
   learning as the individual use of socially acquired information and seek
   to explain how individuals employ social learning as part of adaptive
   behavior. We term this ``behavioral social learning.{''} However, the
   influence of behavioral social learning on ecological outcomes is poorly
   understood. We conducted a study of behavioral social learning among
   fishers in seven communities in Chile's Region V to probe its
   connections with ecological outcomes and collaborative social learning.
   We develop and employ a novel behavioral measure of individual social
   learning in a simple fishing game in which fishers may pay a portion of
   their game earnings to observe and learn from other fishers in the game.
   We explore the internal and external validity of the instrument. The
   self-consistency of game play, learning, and participant reflections
   reveals strong internal validity of the learning game. Additionally,
   game behavior is correlated with factors such as migration history, and
   the perceived availability of peers from whom to learn, suggesting the
   method also holds external validity. We then test whether factors
   associated with collaborative social learning, such as social capital,
   are related to social learning behavior as measured by the experiment.
   Interestingly, many correlates of `collaborative social learning' are
   not strongly correlated with `behavioral social learning' in our sample.
   We argue that this disconnect can help improve our understanding of the
   emergence of community-based conservation and positive ecological
   outcomes as well as `collaborative social learning' itself. Finally, we
   provide guidance on how behavioral measures of social learning could
   benefit community-based natural resource management and conservation.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/csp2.336}},
EarlyAccessDate = {{JAN 2021}},
Article-Number = {{e336}},
EISSN = {{2578-4854}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chan, Kai/C-1682-2009
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Satterfield, Terre/0000-0001-9807-6836
   Chan, Kai/0000-0002-7804-3276
   Waring, Timothy/0000-0001-7364-1130}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000607444900001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000605972500001,
Author = {Barros, Flavio Bezerra and de Sousa, Fagner Freires and de Andrade,
   Josiele Pantoja and Ramos, Fabricio Menezes and Vieira-da-Silva, Camila},
Title = {{Ethnoecology of miriti (Mauritia flexuosa, L.f.) fruit extraction in the
   Brazilian Amazon: knowledge and practices of riverine peoples contribute
   to the biodiversity conservation}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{1}},
Month = {{JAN 7}},
Abstract = {{Background: This article presents, from an ethnoecological perspective,
   the worldviews, traditional knowledge, and cultural practices of
   Amazonian riverine people involved in the extraction of miriti fruits
   (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.), in a context of increasing market demand for
   miriti fruits and of pressure for the intensification of acai (Euterpe
   oleracea Mart.) production on the Sirituba island, in Abaetetuba,
   Brazil.
   Methods: Methods used were participant observation and non-directive
   interviews with 22 extractive families of miriti from the Santa Maria
   and Costa Sirituba communities, on Sirituba Island, in Abaetetuba, Para,
   Brazil. Non-structured interviews were used to analyze the knowledge
   about the species, history of miriti extraction, the traditions, and
   innovations related to this activity over time. Participant observation
   took place when riverine individuals were working with miriti fruits, in
   order to grasp the ``codes{''} that permeate the human-nature
   relationships embedded in this production system.
   Results: It was verified that the riverine peoples have a great
   knowledge about the palm tree, which is reflected in their own
   classification systems and management practices that allow the
   sustainable extraction of the fruits, avoiding, for example, cutting the
   miriti palms. In addition, a reciprocity relationship was observed
   between riverine peoples and miriti palm that are personified and
   preserved, contributing to the conservation of the species in the
   floodplain, even with the intensification of acai (Euterpe oleracea
   Mart.) production. Another important aspect is the collective work
   involving all the members of the family, which allows the appropriation
   of the knowledge about the extraction of miriti by the young, allowing
   the resistance of the tradition that remains strong, contributing to the
   sustainability of the practice and conservation of biodiversity in the
   Amazonian floodplain.
   Conclusion: The k-c-p complex inherent to the riverine universe allows,
   even in face of the growing commercial demand for miriti fruits and the
   unchallenged increase in the extraction of this product, the
   conservation of floodplain biodiversity. Thus, we emphasize the
   importance of traditional knowledge and practices for biodiversity
   preservation, and they use them to guide public policies and natural
   resource management systems, aiming for sustainable ways to manage and
   use biodiversity.}},
DOI = {{10.1186/s13002-020-00430-z}},
Article-Number = {{3}},
EISSN = {{1746-4269}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{de Sousa, Fagner Freires/M-3160-2017}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{de Sousa, Fagner Freires/0000-0001-7379-2078}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000605972500001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000589994900001,
Author = {Miettinen, Antti and Palm, Stefan and Dannewitz, Johan and Lind, Emma
   and Primmer, Craig R. and Romakkaniemi, Atso and Ostergren, Johan and
   Pritchard, Victoria L.},
Title = {{A large wild salmon stock shows genetic and life history differentiation
   within, but not between, rivers}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION GENETICS}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{35-51}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Anadromous salmonid fishes frequently exhibit strong geographic
   population structuring. However, population genetic differentiation of
   Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at fine geographic scales differs across
   equivalent spatial extents in different regions. So far, fine-scale
   genetic differentiation has not been assessed in rivers of the Baltic
   Sea, a region that contains an evolutionarily distinct Atlantic salmon
   lineage. Thus, Baltic salmon are currently managed on the river level,
   without focus on potential genetic structure and diversity within
   rivers. Here, we used microsatellites to characterize the genetic
   structure of wild juvenile salmon sampled throughout the interconnected,
   northern Baltic Tornio and Kalix Rivers. We found genetic
   differentiation within the two rivers, but not between them: salmon in
   the upper reaches differed from individuals in the lower reaches,
   regardless of river system. Further, examining smolts migrating from the
   river to the sea and adults returning from the sea to spawn, we found an
   association between the genetic structure and seasonal migration timing.
   Out-migrating smolts genetically assigned to upper river reaches were
   older and tended to reach the sea later in the season than smolts from
   the lower reaches. In contrast, mature adults originating from the upper
   reaches returned to the river early in the season. Our observation of
   genetic population structuring between downstream and upstream reaches
   of the large Tornio and Kalix rivers, and its association with migration
   timing, implies that careful temporal management of the northern Baltic
   fisheries would help to preserve the diversity and sustainability of the
   wild salmon stocks of these rivers.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10592-020-01317-y}},
EarlyAccessDate = {{NOV 2020}},
ISSN = {{1566-0621}},
EISSN = {{1572-9737}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Primmer, Craig R/B-8179-2008
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Primmer, Craig R/0000-0002-3687-8435
   Miettinen, Antti/0000-0001-6002-2891
   Romakkaniemi, Atso/0000-0001-9696-117X
   Pritchard, Victoria/0000-0003-0992-7403
   Dannewitz, Johan/0000-0003-3548-6023
   Palm, Stefan/0000-0002-9890-8265}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000589994900001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000581760600001,
Author = {Gardner, Charlie J. and Cripps, Garth and Day, Liz Premesnil and Dewar,
   Katrina and Gough, Charlotte and Peabody, Shawn and Tahindraza, Gilde
   and Harris, Alasdair},
Title = {{A decade and a half of learning from Madagascar's first locally managed
   marine area}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{2}},
Number = {{12}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{While the participatory management of small scale fisheries has been
   widely promoted, we have limited understanding of the factors
   influencing its effectiveness. Here, we highlight lessons learnt from
   the implementation of Madagascar's first locally managed marine area
   (LMMA), drawing on our insights and experiences as staff of a comanaging
   nongovernmental organization (NGO). We describe the LMMA's context and
   history, and highlight aspects of our approach that we feel underpin its
   outcomes, including: (a) comanagement rather than community-management;
   (b) the permanent field presence of a supporting NGO; (c) a management
   focus on locally important natural resources; (d) the implementation of
   poverty alleviation initiatives aimed at reducing barriers to
   management; (e) decision-making by resource users rather than
   scientists; (f) a diversified, entrepreneurial funding model; and (g) an
   emphasis on monitoring and adaptive management. We also highlight
   several challenges, including: (a) the inability to influence fishery
   supply chains; (b) promoting participation and good governance; (c)
   promoting rule application; (d) standing up to outsiders; (e) promoting
   environmental management in the long term; and (f) maintaining funding.
   Our experiences suggest that small scale fishers can be effective
   natural resource managers in low-income contexts, but may need extended
   support from outsiders; however, the role of supporting NGO is nuanced
   and complex.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/csp2.298}},
EarlyAccessDate = {{OCT 2020}},
Article-Number = {{e298}},
EISSN = {{2578-4854}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000581760600001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000572330300001,
Author = {Martin, Jeff Vance},
Title = {{Peace in the valley? Qualitative insights on collaborative coexistence
   from the Wood River Wolf Project}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{3}},
Number = {{3, SI}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Threats posed by wild predators to livestock production have too often
   resulted in human-wildlife conflict, to the detriment of these keystone
   species and broader biodiversity conservation. Long-standard practices
   of lethal control are increasingly seen as costly, controversial, and
   ineffective, however, with nonlethal alternatives ever more prominent.
   In addition to assessing these tools' ecological effectiveness, there
   remains a key role for the social sciences, particularly qualitative
   research, in identifying obstacles to and opportunities for the
   long-term sustainability and scaling up of these coexistence
   interventions. The Wood River Wolf Project (WRWP), a collaboration among
   ranchers, environmental organizations, and government agencies in Blaine
   County, Idaho, has pursued coexistence between gray wolves and domestic
   sheep since 2008, demonstrating and developing nonlethal techniques and
   garnering regional and international attention as a model for
   collaborative coexistence. Yet the Project has also struggled with
   changing conditions and internal challenges. Investigation of this
   prominent effort-its history and practices as well as the broader
   socio-political and economic context-highlights the challenges of
   adaptive governance in the face of reduced capacity and hostile
   legal-political contexts, while providing important insights for
   practitioners and policymakers promoting wildlife coexistence in shared
   landscapes.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/csp2.197}},
EarlyAccessDate = {{SEP 2020}},
Article-Number = {{e197}},
EISSN = {{2578-4854}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Martin, Jeffrey/ABA-5848-2020}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Martin, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5575-2873}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000572330300001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000647696100007,
Author = {Dajka, Jan-Claas and Woodhead, Anna J. and Norstrom, V, Albert and
   Graham, Nicholas A. J. and Riechers, Maraja and Nystrom, Magnus},
Title = {{Red and green loops help uncover missing feedbacks in a coral reef
   social-ecological system}},
Journal = {{PEOPLE AND NATURE}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{2}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{608-618}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Social-ecological systems (SES) exhibit complex cause-and-effect
   relationships. Capturing, interpreting, and responding to signals that
   indicate changes in ecosystems is key for sustainable management in SES.
   Breaks in this signal-response chain, when feedbacks are missing, will
   allow change to continue until a point when abrupt ecological surprises
   may occur. In these situations, societies and local ecosystems can often
   become uncoupled. In this paper, we demonstrate how the red loop-green
   loop (RL-GL) concept can be used to uncover missing feedbacks and to
   better understand past social-ecological dynamics. Reinstating these
   feedbacks in order to recouple the SES may ultimately create more
   sustainable systems on local scales. The RL-GL concept can uncover
   missing feedbacks through the characterization of SES dynamics along a
   spectrum of human resource dependence. Drawing on diverse qualitative
   and quantitative data sources, we classify SES dynamics throughout the
   history of Jamaican coral reefs along the RL-GL spectrum. We uncover
   missing feedbacks in red-loop and red-trap scenarios from around the
   year 600 until now. The Jamaican coral reef SES dynamics have moved
   between all four dynamic states described in the RL-GL concept: green
   loop, green trap, red loop and red trap. We then propose mechanisms to
   guide the current unsustainable red traps back to more sustainable green
   loops, involving mechanisms of seafood trade and ecological monitoring.
   By gradually moving away from seafood exports, Jamaica may be able to
   return to green-loop dynamics between the local society and their
   locally sourced seafood. We discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks
   of this proposed intervention and give indications of why an export ban
   may insure against future missing feedbacks and could prolong the
   sustainability of the Jamaican coral reef ecosystem. Our approach
   demonstrates how the RL-GL approach can uncover missing feedbacks in a
   coral reef SES, a way the concept has not been used before. We advocate
   for how the RL-GL concept in a feedback setting can be used to
   synthesize various types of data and to gain an understanding of past,
   present and future sustainability that can be applied in diverse
   social-ecological settings.
   A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting
   Information of this article.
   A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting
   Information of this article.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/pan3.10092}},
EISSN = {{2575-8314}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Woodhead, Anna/ABA-8483-2021
   Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Graham, Nicholas/0000-0002-0304-7467
   Dajka, Jan-Claas/0000-0002-0797-9229
   Norstrom, Albert/0000-0002-0706-9233
   Woodhead, Anna/0000-0002-4535-8482
   Riechers, Maraja/0000-0003-3916-8102
   Nystrom, Magnus/0000-0003-3608-2426}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000647696100007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000683433600007,
Author = {Helmstetter, Andrew J. and Oztolan-Erol, Nihal and Lucas, Stuart J. and
   Buggs, Richard J. A.},
Title = {{Genetic diversity and domestication of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in
   Turkey}},
Journal = {{PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{2}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{326-339}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{Societal Impact Statement Hazelnut is consumed worldwide and is of
   critical economic importance to the rural communities of Turkey's
   northern coast. A new disease outbreak has drastically decreased yields
   across Turkey and climate change is emerging as a new threat to
   cultivation. Our study is the first to provide a genomic perspective on
   diversity in this vulnerable crop, which will prove valuable for future
   breeding efforts. Such research into perennial crops like hazelnut can
   help to improve farmer livelihoods and ensure the sustainability of crop
   production in a changing world.
   Summary
   Assessing and describing genetic diversity in crop plants is a crucial
   first step toward their improvement. The European hazelnut, Corylus
   avellana L., is one of the most economically important tree nut crops
   worldwide. It is primarily produced in Turkey where rural communities
   depend on it for their livelihoods. Despite this, we know little about
   its domestication history and the genetic diversity it holds. We use
   double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to
   produce a genome-wide dataset containing wild and domesticated hazelnut.
   We uncover patterns of population structure and diversity, determine
   levels of crop-wild gene flow, and estimate the relationships among
   different genetic clusters. We use a dataset of over 60k single
   nucleotide polymorphisms to find that genetic clusters of cultivars do
   not reflect their given names and that there is limited evidence for a
   reduction in genetic diversity in domesticated individuals. We find
   evidence that hazelnut may have been domesticated more than once and
   that admixture has likely occurred multiple times between wild and
   domesticated hazelnut. We provide the first genomic assessment of
   Turkish hazelnut diversity and suggest that there has not been an
   extreme bottleneck during the domestication of this crop, leading to
   cultivars at different stages of domestication. Our study provides a
   platform for further research that will protect hazelnut from the
   threats of climate change and an emerging fungal disease.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/ppp3.10078}},
EISSN = {{2572-2611}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Buggs, Richard/A-9826-2008
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Buggs, Richard/0000-0003-4495-3738
   Helmstetter, Andrew/0000-0003-3761-4981
   Lucas, Stuart James/0000-0003-3059-7453}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000683433600007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000529747200001,
Author = {El Bizri, Hani R. and Fa, John E. and Lemos, Lisley P. and Campos-Silva,
   V, Joao and Vasconcelos Neto, Carlos F. A. and Valsecchi, Joao and
   Mayor, Pedro},
Title = {{Involving local communities for effective citizen science: Determining
   game species' reproductive status to assess hunting effects in tropical
   forests}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2021}},
Volume = {{58}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{224-235}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Involving communities in sustainable wildlife management in tropical
   forests can ensure food security and livelihoods of millions of forest
   dwellers that depend on wild meat, and also safeguard hunted species.
   Mathematical models have been developed to assess hunting
   sustainability; but these require empirical information on reproductive
   parameters of the prey species, often challenging to obtain.
   Here, we suggest that if local people can accurately identify the
   reproductive status of hunted animals in the field, these data could
   fill the existing knowledge gap regarding species' life-history traits
   and enable better assessments of hunting impacts.
   We first tested whether local people in 15 rural communities in three
   Amazonian sites could accurately diagnose, before and after training,
   the pregnancy status of hunted pacas Cuniculus paca, which we use as our
   model. We then applied the results from these tests to correct
   reproductive status data of hunted specimens, voluntarily collected over
   17 years (2002-2018) as part of a citizen-science project in one of our
   study sites. We ran generalized additive models to contrast these
   corrected reproductive rates with those obtained from the direct
   analysis of genitalia by researchers, and with indices describing game
   extraction levels (catch-per-unit-effort, CPUE, and age structure of
   hunted individuals).
   Before training, interviewees correctly diagnosed pregnancy in 72.5\% of
   tests, but after training, interviewees accurately diagnosed pregnancy
   in 88.2\% of tests, with high improvements especially for earlier
   pregnancy stages. Monthly pregnancy rates determined by hunters and by
   researchers were similar. Reported annual pregnancy rates were
   negatively correlated with CPUE, and positively correlated with the
   percentage of immatures in the hunted population, in accordance with an
   expected density-dependent response to variations in hunting levels.
   Synthesis and applications. We show that the voluntary diagnosis of game
   species' reproductive status by local people is a feasible method to
   obtain accurate life-history parameters for hunted tropical species, and
   to assess hunting effects on game populations. Given that almost half of
   the protected areas in the world are co-managed by local people, our
   results confirm the potential of integrating local communities in
   citizen-science initiatives to ensure faster, low-cost and more accurate
   data collection for wildlife management.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.13633}},
EarlyAccessDate = {{MAY 2020}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vasconcelos, Carlos Frederico/AAS-5596-2021
   Campos-Silva, Joao V./S-4487-2019
   Mayor, Pedro/AAC-2871-2021
   Mayor, Pedro/D-6359-2015
   El Bizri, Hani/A-1315-2016
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Vasconcelos, Carlos Frederico/0000-0003-3721-7564
   Campos-Silva, Joao V./0000-0003-4998-7216
   Mayor, Pedro/0000-0001-5297-792X
   El Bizri, Hani/0000-0003-1524-6292
   Fa, Julia E./0000-0002-3611-8487}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000529747200001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000522656400019,
Author = {Espinosa-Andrade, Noemi and Suchley, Adam and Reyes-Bonilla, Hector and
   Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo},
Title = {{The no-take zone network of the Mexican Caribbean: assessing design and
   management for the protection of coral reef fish communities}},
Journal = {{BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{29}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{2069-2087}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Understanding the effects and benefits provided by the design and
   management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is crucial for developing
   cost-effective management actions. We characterized the management and
   design of no-take zone (NTZ) networks of eight Mexican Caribbean MPAs.
   To determine protection effectiveness, we followed a two-step approach.
   First, we evaluated the effect of the level of protection (NTZ, partial
   and unprotected areas), habitat structure and local human threats on
   four fish community metrics: total biomass, commercial fish biomass,
   mean trophic level and commercial fish mean size. If the protection
   afforded by the NTZ was significant, a second model was developed to
   evaluate design and management effectiveness. Total biomass, commercial
   fish biomass and mean trophic level were correlated significantly and
   positively with no-take protection; and, partially protected areas
   showed a significant and positive correlation with commercial fish
   biomass and mean trophic level. MPA age was the only significant and
   positive design and management characteristic that explained the
   variation in commercial fish biomass. This might be in part due to the
   suboptimal design of the MPA network that has mostly resulted from
   economic and social opportunities with little consideration for
   ecological guidelines and management capacities. Our findings suggest
   that to increase reef fish protection it would be necessary to include
   reef habitats with high coral cover and structural complexity inside
   NTZs. However, the effectiveness of an MPA network not only requires
   ecological considerations but also factors that include compliance,
   enforcement and true community participation to achieve greater
   benefits. Policymakers must ensure adequate design and management of
   MPAs in order to improve the effectiveness of marine resource
   protection, promoting both sustainable use and long-term biodiversity
   conservation.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10531-020-01966-y}},
ISSN = {{0960-3115}},
EISSN = {{1572-9710}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo/C-9552-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo/0000-0002-5726-7238
   Reyes-Bonilla, Hector/0000-0003-2593-9631}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000522656400019}},
}

@article{ WOS:000531535000011,
Author = {Yeager, Justin and Baquero R, Luis E. and Zarling, Andreas},
Title = {{Mediating ethical considerations in the conservation and sustainable
   biocommerce of the jewels of the rainforest}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{54}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Threats to biodiversity have necessitated the implementation of timely
   conservation strategies. Negative anthropogenic impacts on species
   classically include habitat modification, fragmentation or loss. However
   in addition to these some species face additional risks such as those
   associated with (illegal) unsustainable harvests related to private
   collection, trade and commerce. Although commerce in plants and animals
   has a long history, recent findings suggest that online networking
   enhances connectivity between wildlife vendors and collectors, and can
   catalyze demand. In recent years conservation organizations have turned
   to biocommerce to offer legal and sustainable alternatives to smuggled
   or wild collected species. Here we provide a compendium of
   considerations related to the ethics and application of biocommerce in
   wildlife using case studies of two highly collected groups of tropical
   organisms; neotropical orchids and poison frogs. While we are in favor
   of biocommerce due to benefits such as the potential to mitigate
   unsustainable wildlife trade and provide funding for conservation
   programs, we also feel it is timely to provide an important overview
   detailing historical shortcomings in sustainability, and attempt to
   provide an ethical compass facilitating the future fusion of
   conservation and exotic hobbies.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125803}},
Article-Number = {{125803}},
ISSN = {{1617-1381}},
EISSN = {{1618-1093}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Yeager, Justin/0000-0001-8692-6311}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000531535000011}},
}

@incollection{ WOS:000610778800003,
Author = {Sosa-Nishizaki, Oscar and Garcia-Rodriguez, Emiliano and
   Morales-Portillo, Christian D. and Perez-Jimenez, Juan C. and del Carmen
   Rodriguez-Medrano, M. and Bizzarro, Joseph J. and Leonardo
   Castillo-Geniz, Jose},
Editor = {{Lowry, D and Larson, SE}},
Title = {{Fisheries interactions and the challenges for target and nontargeted
   take on shark conservation in the Mexican Pacific}},
Booktitle = {{SHARKS IN MEXICO: RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION, PT B}},
Series = {{Advances in Marine Biology}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{85}},
Pages = {{39-69}},
Abstract = {{Sharks have been of great cultural and socioeconomic importance in
   Mexico since the late 19th century, when the first fisheries were
   prosecuted in the Gulf of California to export fins to China. Mexican
   shark and ray fisheries are classified mainly by the size of the fishing
   vessel and include small- (7.5-10 m), medium- (10-27m), and large-sized
   (>27m) fisheries. All are multispecies fisheries that use longline or
   gillnet gear, with their relative productivity varying over time. Off
   the Pacific coast, early shark small size vessel fisheries in the Gulf
   of California were driven by the need for vitamin A from livers,
   especially during World War II. As this fishery declined, new shark
   fishing opportunities arose because of government support and the
   development of the medium-sized fishery, which was capable of farther
   offshore excursions. Shark meat became an important part of the diets of
   poor and impoverished citizens during the 1950s and 1960s. The
   establishment of a Mexican Exclusive Economic Zone in 1976 pushed
   foreign vessels from Asia out of Mexican waters and led to the
   development of the large-sized vessel fishery to exploit pelagic sharks
   in offshore waters. By the early 1980s, Mexico shark fisheries were
   among the most productive in the world; however, a national economic
   crisis reduced effort and landings until the late 1980s, when several
   new fisheries emerged. Landings from Pacific states fluctuated between
   similar to 13,000 and 24,000 t (dressed weight) during 1987-2012 but
   expanded steadily thereafter because of government support and offshore
   fleet expansion. Shark fisheries landings from the Mexican Pacific are
   currently at their highest recorded levels, exceeding 31,000 t; however,
   a lack of species-specific landings and life history information has
   precluded population assessments of targeted stocks. In addition, though
   several recent management measures have been enacted to protect Mexican
   shark and ray fishery resources, the enforcement of these regulations is
   severely lacking. Therefore, the long-term sustainability of current
   fishing levels is unknown but should engender concern based on anecdotal
   evidence of serial depletion among historical elasmobranch targets in
   the Mexican Pacific.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/bs.amb.2020.03.001}},
ISSN = {{0065-2881}},
EISSN = {{2162-5875}},
ISBN = {{978-0-12-822199-0}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Garcia-Rodriguez, Emiliano/AAQ-7985-2021}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Garcia-Rodriguez, Emiliano/0000-0002-9078-1300}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000610778800003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000488929900009,
Author = {Stens, Anna and Roberge, Jean-Michel and Lofmarck, Erik and Lindahl,
   Karin Beland and Felton, Adam and Widmark, Camilla and Rist, Lucy and
   Johansson, Johanna and Nordin, Annika and Nilsson, Urban and Laudon,
   Hjalmar and Ranius, Thomas},
Title = {{From ecological knowledge to conservation policy: a case study on green
   tree retention and continuous-cover forestry in Sweden}},
Journal = {{BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{28}},
Number = {{13}},
Pages = {{3547-3574}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{The extent to which scientific knowledge translates into practice is a
   pervasive question. We analysed to what extent and how ecological
   scientists gave input to policy for two approaches advocated for
   promoting forest biodiversity in production forests in Sweden:
   green-tree retention (GTR) and continuous-cover forestry (CCF). GTR was
   introduced into forest policy in the 1970s and became widely implemented
   in the 1990s. Ecological scientists took part in the policy process by
   providing expert opinions, educational activities and as lobbyists, long
   before research confirming the positive effects of GTR on biodiversity
   was produced. In contrast, CCF was essentially banned in forest
   legislation in 1979. In the 1990s, policy implicitly opened up for CCF
   implementation, but CCF still remains largely a rare silvicultural
   outlier. Scientific publications addressing CCF appeared earlier than
   GTR studies, but with less focus on the effects on biodiversity.
   Ecological scientists promoted CCF in certain areas, but knowledge from
   other disciplines and other socio-political factors appear to have been
   more important than ecological arguments in the case of CCF. The wide
   uptake of GTR was enhanced by its consistency with the silvicultural
   knowledge and normative values that forest managers had adopted for
   almost a century, whereas CCF challenged those ideas. Public pressure
   and institutional requirements were also key to GTR implementation but
   were not in place for CCF. Thus, scientific ecological knowledge may
   play an important role for policy uptake and development, but knowledge
   from other research disciplines and socio-political factors are also
   important.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10531-019-01836-2}},
ISSN = {{0960-3115}},
EISSN = {{1572-9710}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Johansson, Johanna/0000-0001-6823-3503
   Stens, Anna/0000-0002-2739-0497
   Widmark, Camila/0000-0002-1559-6471}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000488929900009}},
}

@article{ WOS:000490896100008,
Author = {van Vliet, Nathalie and Nasi, Robert},
Title = {{What do we know about the life-history traits of widely hunted tropical
   mammals?}},
Journal = {{ORYX}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{53}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{670-676}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{We synthesize information on parameters useful for managing the hunting
   of two common mammal species that are important for local people in the
   Neotropics and Africa: Cuniculus paca and Philantomba monticola,
   respectively. We highlight the scarcity of data available on the
   parameters needed to manage these two species sustainably. As most of
   the studies were conducted > 40 years ago, we stress the need to
   supplement the information available using methodological and technical
   innovations. In particular, we call for new assessments covering the
   possible variations in parameter values across the species' distribution
   ranges, and covering various anthropogenic contexts, to test
   density-dependent and compensatory processes that may explain the
   resilience of these species to hunting.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0030605317001545}},
Article-Number = {{PII S0030605317001545}},
ISSN = {{0030-6053}},
EISSN = {{1365-3008}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Nasi, Robert/P-2382-2019}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Nasi, Robert/0000-0001-9739-3135}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000490896100008}},
}

@article{ WOS:000657184400003,
Author = {Bridgewater, Peter and Rotherham, Ian D.},
Title = {{A critical perspective on the concept of biocultural diversity and its
   emerging role in nature and heritage conservation}},
Journal = {{PEOPLE AND NATURE}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{1}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{291-304}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{The continuing losses of biodiversity around the world remain
   problematic for nature conservation. A fundamental issue that has
   triggered debates in nature conservation is the relationship between
   human culture, heritage and history, and nature expressed as ecology or
   biodiversity. Traditionally, nature conservation has been pursued
   separately from aspects of cultural heritage; a situation which seems
   perplexing when we consider the importance of traditional management in
   the maintenance of biodiversity in many areas now `protected' for
   nature. To address these broad issues, fundamental to future landscape
   sustainability, we need to have clear definitions of concepts and terms.
   This paper considers the historical development of the key concepts that
   frame biocultural diversity and the paradigms relating to biocultural
   assets or eco-cultural landscapes. This is pertinent to both researchers
   and to practitioners or policymakers, and we suggest ways biocultural
   diversity can improve global conservation efforts.
   A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting
   Information of this article.
   A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting
   Information of this article.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/pan3.10040}},
EISSN = {{2575-8314}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Bridgewater, Peter/0000-0001-7972-5386}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000657184400003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000478601300003,
Author = {Clay, Thomas A. and Small, Cleo and Tuck, Geoffrey N. and Pardo, Deborah
   and Carneiro, Ana P. B. and Wood, Andrew G. and Croxall, John P. and
   Crossin, Glenn T. and Phillips, Richard A.},
Title = {{A comprehensive large-scale assessment of fisheries bycatch risk to
   threatened seabird populations}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{56}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{1882-1893}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Incidental mortality (bycatch) in fisheries remains the greatest threat
   to many large marine vertebrates and is a major barrier to fisheries
   sustainability. Robust assessments of bycatch risk are crucial for
   informing effective mitigation strategies, but are hampered by missing
   information on the distributions of key life-history stages (adult
   breeders and non-breeders, immatures and juveniles). Using a
   comprehensive biologging dataset (1,692 tracks, 788 individuals)
   spanning all major life-history stages, we assessed spatial overlap of
   four threatened seabird populations from South Georgia, with longline
   and trawl fisheries in the Southern Ocean. We generated monthly
   population-level distributions, weighting each life-history stage
   according to population age structure based on demographic models.
   Specifically, we determined where and when birds were at greatest
   potential bycatch risk, and from which fleets. Overlap with both pelagic
   and demersal longline fisheries was highest for black-browed
   albatrosses, then white-chinned petrels, wandering and grey-headed
   albatrosses, whereas overlap with trawl fisheries was highest for
   white-chinned petrels. Hotspots of fisheries overlap occurred in all
   major ocean basins, but particularly the south-east and south-west
   Atlantic Ocean (longline and trawl) and south-west Indian Ocean (pelagic
   longline). Overlap was greatest with pelagic longline fleets in
   May-September, when fishing effort south of 25 degrees S is highest, and
   with demersal and trawl fisheries in January-June. Overlap scores were
   dominated by particular fleets: pelagic longline-Japan, Taiwan; demersal
   longline and trawl-Argentina, Namibia, Falklands, South Africa; demersal
   longline-Convention for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living
   Resources (CCAMLR) waters, Chile, New Zealand. Synthesis and
   applications. We provide a framework for calculating appropriately
   weighted population-level distributions from biologging data, which we
   recommend for future fisheries bycatch risk assessments. Many regions of
   high spatial overlap corresponded with high seabird bycatch rates
   recorded by on-board observers, indicating that our approach reliably
   mapped relative bycatch risk at large spatial scales. Implementation of
   effective bycatch mitigation in these high-risk regions varies
   considerably. Although potential bycatch risk appears to have decreased
   since the early 2000s, albatross and petrel populations from South
   Georgia and elsewhere are still declining, emphasizing the need for much
   improved observer coverage and monitoring of compliance with bycatch
   regulations.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.13407}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Clay, Tommy/W-4867-2019
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Clay, Tommy/0000-0002-0644-6105
   Crossin, Glenn/0000-0003-1080-1189}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000478601300003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000478601300002,
Author = {Lamb, Anthony and Finch, Tom and Pearce-Higgins, James W. and Ausden,
   Malcolm and Balmford, Andrew and Feniuk, Claire and Hirons, Graham and
   Massimino, Dario and Green, Rhys E.},
Title = {{The consequences of land sparing for birds in the United Kingdom}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{56}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{1870-1881}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Land sparing has been proposed as a strategy to reconcile biodiversity
   conservation with agricultural production, with empirical studies on
   five continents indicating that most species would benefit if food
   demand was met through high-yield farming combined with the protection
   or restoration of natural habitat. Most such studies come from
   landscapes covered by large areas of natural habitat and without a long
   history of intense human modification. However, much of Europe consists
   of human-dominated landscapes, where biodiversity responses to land
   sparing may differ. To test this, we use estimates of bird population
   density in different (semi-)natural habitats, and forecasts of
   population density in farmland habitat, to assess the future
   consequences for birds of land-sparing scenarios in the United Kingdom.
   Our scenarios predict that whilst up to 18 of the 156 species assessed
   (predominantly farmland associated species) might decline in UK
   conservation status under land sparing, up to 35 UK bird species (mainly
   woodland and wetland species) might improve in status. This contrasts
   with a maximum of eight species likely to improve in conservation status
   without land sparing, with up to seven species deteriorating. Combining
   land sparing with demand management measures (reducing food waste and
   the consumption of animal products) led to more positive population
   changes under all scenarios. Synthesis and applications. Land sparing
   has the potential to benefit UK bird populations in aggregate but would
   likely have negative impacts on farmland bird species. These findings
   are likely to be applicable across human-dominated landscapes beyond the
   UK, though effects on other taxa, implementation mechanisms and the
   sustainability of higher yields all require careful consideration.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.13362}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Balmford, Andrew/0000-0002-0144-3589}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000478601300002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000467327300004,
Author = {Canteiro, Catia and Barcelos, Laisa and Filardi, Fabiana and Forzza,
   Rafaela and Green, Laura and Lanna, Joao and Leitman, Paula and
   Milliken, William and Morim, Marli Pires and Patmore, Kristina and
   Phillips, Sarah and Walker, Barnaby and Weech, Marie-Helene and
   Lughadha, Eimear Nic},
Title = {{Enhancement of conservation knowledge through increased access to
   botanical information}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{33}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{523-533}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Herbarium specimens are increasingly recognized as an important resource
   for conservation science and virtual herbaria are making specimens
   freely available to a wider range of users than ever before. Few virtual
   herbaria are designed with conservation use as a primary driver.
   Exceptionally, Brazil's Reflora Virtual Herbarium (RVH) was created to
   increase knowledge and conservation of the Brazilian flora. The RVH is
   closely integrated with the Flora of Brazil 2020 platform on which
   Brazil's new national Flora is under construction. Both resources are
   accessible via the Reflora home page and thousands of users move
   seamlessly between these Reflora resources. To understand how the
   Reflora resources are currently used and their impact on conservation
   science, we conducted a literature review and an online survey. We
   searched for publications of studies in which Reflora resources were
   used and publications resulting from Brazilian researchers who were part
   of Reflora's research and mobility program. The survey contained
   multiple choice questions and questions that required a written
   response. We targeted Reflora webpage visitors with the survey to
   capture a wider range of Reflora users than the literature review.
   Reflora resources were used for a variety of conservation-relevant
   purposes. Half the 806 scientific publications in which Reflora was
   cited and 81\% of the 1069 survey respondents accessing Reflora
   resources mentioned conservation-relevant research outputs. Most
   conservation-relevant uses of the Reflora resources in scientific
   publications were research rather than implementation focused. The
   survey of Reflora users showed conservation uses and impacts of virtual
   herbaria were more numerous and diverse than the uses captured in the
   literature review. Virtual herbaria are vital resources for conservation
   science, but they must document use and impacts more comprehensively to
   ensure sustainability.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/cobi.13291}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Forzza, Rafaela C/N-9274-2015
   Canteiro, Catia/AAR-5680-2021
   Nic Lughadha, Eimear/N-4560-2014
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Canteiro, Catia/0000-0001-6588-4773
   Green, Laura/0000-0003-0774-9498
   Nic Lughadha, Eimear/0000-0002-8806-4345
   Lanna, Joao/0000-0002-4455-5142
   Milliken, William/0000-0002-3926-6661
   Walker, Barnaby/0000-0002-3884-671X}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000467327300004}},
}

@article{ WOS:000467702400015,
Author = {Nero, Bertrand Festus},
Title = {{Woody species and trait diversity-functional relations of green spaces
   in Kumasi, Ghana}},
Journal = {{URBAN ECOSYSTEMS}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{593-607}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Urban biodiversity is essential to creating resilient and sustainable
   cities. Nevertheless, there is paucity of data on the characterization
   of microhabitat effects on species/trait diversity and
   diversity-functional relationships in urban landscapes especially in
   developing countries. The objectives of this study were to; 1) analyze
   tree species diversity and composition of urban green space (UGS) types
   and urban zones, (2) describe the life history diversity of UGS types
   and urban zones and 3) examine the links between species and life
   history trait diversity and species productivity (carbon storage) in
   Kumasi, Ghana. Stratified random sampling was adopted in surveying 470
   sampling plots and six streets of lengths ranging from 50m to 1km. About
   176 tree species in 46 families were recorded within Kumasi. About 96
   species were in an adjacent natural forest located at the outskirts of
   the city. Home gardens, institutional compounds, and public parks had
   the highest species richness of 76, 75 and 71, respectively while urban
   rangelands and farmlands were the least species rich with 6 and 23,
   respectively. Species richness (S) in the peri-urban (LDUZ, S=142) and
   core urban (HDUZ, S=108) were significantly different ((2)=15.7,
   p<0.0001, n=1). Native species richness was lowest in the core urban
   area and highest in the natural forest. Pioneers and anthropochory
   dispersed species were the most abundant, suggesting that this urban
   landscape is shaped by both environment and social filters. Tree species
   diversity and distribution depend on the type of UGS and portrays a
   perturbed landscape in the early seres of succession with the overall
   ecosystem function sustained by both species and life history trait
   diversities. The implications of these findings for improving urban
   biodiversity conservation and overall urban sustainability are
   discussed.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s11252-019-00835-z}},
ISSN = {{1083-8155}},
EISSN = {{1573-1642}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Nero, Bertrand/ABA-7231-2020}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000467702400015}},
}

@article{ WOS:000467513500009,
Author = {Natusch, Daniel J. D. and Lyons, Jessica A. and Riyanto, Awal and
   Mumpuni and Khadiejah, Syarifah and Shine, Richard},
Title = {{Detailed biological data are informative, but robust trends are needed
   for informing sustainability of wildlife harvesting: A case study of
   reptile offtake in Southeast Asia}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{233}},
Pages = {{83-92}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Conservation biologists often use sophisticated models of population
   functioning to predict the levels at which harvesting of wild
   populations will be sustainable. We argue that this approach is not
   useful for species that, although abundant, are near impossible to
   survey cost-effectively with enough precision to gather key data to
   input as model parameters. Our examination of > 7000 Reticulated Pythons
   (Malayopython reticulates), collected for the commercial skin industry,
   provides extensive information on life-history traits, population size
   structure, sex ratio and diets across sites in Kalimantan, Sumatra and
   Peninsular Malaysia. Our data reveal many interesting divergences
   between populations from north vs south of the equator (e.g., in body
   sizes, reproductive frequencies, seasonal timing of reproduction), and a
   trend for snakes to be smaller from more intensively harvested sites. In
   combination with earlier analyses, > 10,000 individuals of M.
   reticulatus have been dissected for information on ecological attributes
   (more than for any other snake species worldwide). Nonetheless, in the
   absence of demographic data (e.g., on underlying abundances and rates of
   survival and growth of free-ranging snakes), the most robust estimate of
   sustainability of the harvest comes from long-term trends in mean body
   sizes, life history traits, and offtake rates. Because mathematical
   models depend upon accurate estimation of abundance and demography,
   parameters unobtainable for these secretive, well-camouflaged reptiles,
   managers should prioritise gathering long term data on harvest trends
   instead.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2019.02.016}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Riyanto, Awal/AAE-2791-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Lyons, Jessica A./0000-0002-7579-447X
   RIYANTO, AWAL/0000-0002-6887-9352}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000467513500009}},
}

@article{ WOS:000455121500011,
Author = {Brook, Cara E. and Herrera, James P. and Borgerson, Cortni and Fuller,
   Emma C. and Andriamahazoarivosoa, Pascal and Rasolofoniaina, B. J.
   Rodolph and Randrianasolo, J. L. Rado Ravoavy and Rakotondrafarasata, Z.
   R. Eli and Randriamady, Hervet J. and Dobson, Andrew P. and Golden,
   Christopher D.},
Title = {{Population viability and harvest sustainability for Madagascar lemurs}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{33}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{99-111}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Subsistence hunting presents a conservation challenge by which
   biodiversity preservation must be balanced with safeguarding of human
   livelihoods. Globally, subsistence hunting threatens primate
   populations, including Madagascar's endemic lemurs. We used population
   viability analysis to assess the sustainability of lemur hunting in
   Makira Natural Park, Madagascar. We identified trends in seasonal
   hunting of 11 Makira lemur species from household interview data,
   estimated local lemur densities in populations adjacent to focal
   villages via transect surveys, and quantified extinction vulnerability
   for these populations based on species-specific demographic parameters
   and empirically derived hunting rates. We compared stage-based
   Lefkovitch with periodic Leslie matrices to evaluate the impact of
   regional dispersal on persistence trajectories and explored the
   consequences of perturbations to the timing of peak hunting relative to
   the lemur birth pulse, under assumptions of density-dependent
   reproductive compensation. Lemur hunting peaked during the
   fruit-abundant wet season (March-June). Estimated local lemur densities
   were roughly inverse to body size across our study area. Life-history
   modeling indicated that hunting most severely threatened the species
   with the largest bodies (i.e., Hapalemur occidentalis, Avahi laniger,
   Daubentonia madagascariensis, and Indri indi), characterized by late-age
   reproductive onsets and long interbirth intervals. In model simulations,
   lemur dispersal within a regional metapopulation buffered extinction
   threats when a majority of local sites supported growth rates above the
   replacement level but drove regional extirpations when most local sites
   were overharvested. Hunt simulations were most detrimental when timed to
   overlap lemur births (a reality for D. madagascariensis and I. indri).
   In sum, Makira lemurs were overharvested. Regional extirpations, which
   may contribute to broad-scale extinctions, will be likely if current
   hunting rates persist. Cessation of anthropogenic lemur harvest is a
   conservation priority, and development programs are needed to help
   communities switch from wildlife consumption to domestic protein
   alternatives.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/cobi.13151}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Borgerson, Cortni/0000-0003-3434-033X}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000455121500011}},
}

@article{ WOS:000459312100024,
Author = {Rick, Torben C. and Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Gill,
   Kristina M. and Kirn, Laura and Mclaren-Dewey, Lynn},
Title = {{Horizon scanning: survey and research priorities for cultural,
   historical, and paleobiological resources of Santa Cruz Island,
   California}},
Journal = {{WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{78}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{852-863}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Santa Cruz Island contains a remarkable array of cultural and biological
   resources and a rich tradition of research across the social and
   biological sciences and humanities. Given dramatic changes in climate
   forecast in the coming decades of the Anthropocene, however, many
   questions remain about the sustainability and future of island
   ecosystems and cultural resources. Here, we focus on a new
   interdisciplinary initiative, Island Rediscovery (IR), that was the
   subject of 2 recent workshops. Drawing on a variety of disciplines and
   approaches, IR seeks to utilize research on Santa Cruz Island's past and
   present to help better prepare for the future and plan for forecast
   change, an approach we call horizon scanning. Our focus is on
   archaeology, history, and paleobiology, 3 disciplines that offer deep
   historical perspectives critical to understanding modern ecosystems and
   preparing for future variability. We outline the potential of deep
   historical research, offer core questions that can guide future work,
   and document the need for a large synthetic database and digitization
   effort. By integrating the historical and biological sciences, the
   historical ecological approach of IR oilers a new framework for managing
   the resources of the California Islands by providing baselines and
   context for management, documenting the range of ecological variability
   through deep time, and helping establish desired future conditions.}},
DOI = {{10.3398/064.078.0424}},
ISSN = {{1527-0904}},
EISSN = {{1944-8341}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000459312100024}},
}

@article{ WOS:000450473600002,
Author = {Brueniche-Olsen, Anna and Kellner, Kenneth F. and Anderson, Chase J. and
   DeWoody, J. Andrew},
Title = {{Runs of homozygosity have utility in mammalian conservation and
   evolutionary studies}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION GENETICS}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{19}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1295-1307}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) arise due the transmission from parents to
   offspring of segments that are either identical by decent (IBD) or
   identical by state (IBS). The former is due to consanguineous matings
   whereas the latter is due to demographic processes. ROHs reduce
   individual nucleotide diversity () as a function of homozygosity, and
   thus ROH distributions and are expected to vary among species because
   inbreeding levels, recombination rates, and demographic histories vary
   widely. To help interpret genetic diversity within and among species, we
   utilized genome sequence data from 78 mammalian species to compare and
   ROH burden (i.e., number and length of ROHs in the genome) among groups
   of mammals to assess genomic signatures of inbreeding. We compared and
   ROHs: (i) among threatened and non-threatened mammals to determine the
   significance of contemporary conservation status; (ii) among carnivorous
   and non-carnivorous mammals to determine the relevance of trophic
   effects; (iii) relative to body size because mutation rates generally
   vary with body mass; and (iv) across mammals from different latitudes to
   test for gradients in genomic diversity (e.g., due to effects of
   historic climatic regimes). Our results illustrate the considerable
   variance in genomic diversity across mammals, and that trophic level,
   body mass, and latitude have significant effects on and ROH burden.
   However, conservation status was not a reliable indicator of genomic
   diversity. We argue that genetic or genomic diversity should be an
   explicit component of conservation status, as such diversity is critical
   to the long-term sustainability of populations, and anticipate that ROHs
   will become more commonly used to estimate inbreeding in wild animals.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10592-018-1099-y}},
ISSN = {{1566-0621}},
EISSN = {{1572-9737}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{DeWoody, J.A./C-4909-2008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Bruniche-Olsen, Anna/0000-0002-3364-2064
   DeWoody, J.A./0000-0002-7315-5631}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000450473600002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000456907400057,
Author = {Liu, Dan and Toman, Elizabeth and Fuller, Zane and Chen, Gang and Londo,
   Alexis and Zhang, Xuesong and Zhao, Kaiguang},
Title = {{Integration of historical map and aerial imagery to characterize
   long-term land-use change and landscape dynamics: An object-based
   analysis via Random Forests}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{95}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{595-605}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Tracking Earth's past helps us to move from hindsight to foresight in
   seeking landscape sustainability, a pursuit aided by modern mapping
   capabilities but hindered by a dearth of historical landscape
   information. To fill the data gap and exemplify the use of old maps for
   land-use change sciences, we combined an old paper-based US civil war
   map and modem aerial photos to derive land-use history and landscape
   dynamics at fine scales for a region near Chancellorsville, USA, from
   1867 to 2014. We also tested how advanced algorithms object-based image
   analysis and Random Forests (RF)-could aid in data processing. Automatic
   classification of the scanned 1867 paper map proved difficult, but its
   manual digitization could benefit from object-based image segmentation.
   Classifying digital aerial images was more accurate via the object-based
   than pixel-based method, but only if the images were segmented
   appropriately. In the object-based classification, spectral-based
   features were much more important and useful than shape/geometry
   features for land-cover discrimination, as ranked by RF. During the 147
   years, 32\% of the region changed in land type. Settlement and roads
   increased in extent by 1850\% and 691\%, respectively, and woodland
   decreased by 19\%. These changes fragmented the landscape, altered the
   hydrological regime, and affected river morphology. The utility of old
   maps exemplified here provides an impetus for leveraging extant old maps
   or historical records to support land-use and global change research.
   Our study also connotes the importance of preserving and geotagging
   current non-traditional data, such as photos, videos, and citizen
   science data, that can serve as a baseline to document future landscape
   change.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.08.004}},
ISSN = {{1470-160X}},
EISSN = {{1872-7034}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009
   Zhang, Xuesong/AAR-2455-2020
   Chen, Gang/AAG-9414-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{zhang, xuesong/0000-0003-4711-7751
   Chen, Gang/0000-0002-7469-3650
   Zhao, Kaiguang/0000-0001-5858-4967}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000456907400057}},
}

@article{ WOS:000448903000005,
Author = {Bratasz, Lukasz and White, Tim and Butts, Susan and Sease, Catherine and
   Utrup, Nathan and Boardman, Richard and Simon, Stefan},
Title = {{Toward Sustainable Collections Management in the Yale Peabody Museum:
   Risk Assessment, Climate Management, and Energy Efficiency}},
Journal = {{BULLETIN OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{59}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{249-268}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{The Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University has a long
   tradition of promoting and maintaining high standards of care for their
   collection of more than 13 million objects. Recently, an analysis of the
   current environmental conditions in the three primary museum
   buildings-Peabody Museum of Natural History, Kline Geology Laboratory,
   and the Class of 1954 Environmental Science Center-showed that the
   stability of environmental conditions and efficiency in air-handling
   systems are poorly constrained. An analysis of energy use in climate
   control showed that the Class of 1954 Environmental Science Center, the
   most modern building of the complex, is the least energy-efficient of
   the three and one of the least energy-efficient museum buildings at Yale
   University. The Yale Peabody Museum, in collaboration with the Yale
   Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage, evaluated the
   current climate control strategy with an eye toward achieving a more
   practical and responsible approach, which considers the historic
   character of the buildings, high cost of climate control, and
   sensitivity to energy sustainability. This is a key mission of the
   University, as outlined in the Yale Sustainability Plan 2025. The main
   element in the transformation to a new strategy of climate management is
   the assessment of climate-related risks to collections. Our assessment
   indicates that degradation of chemically unstable polymers is the
   process that dominates loss of value of those collections due to
   climate-related risks. It is estimated that chemical degradation
   processes have approximately two orders of magnitude larger impact on
   collection value than the degradation of pyrite and pyrite-containing
   materials and even more than pest damage. Other climate-related
   processes are relatively negligible in effect. These findings allow us
   to change the strategy of climate control, giving priority to
   maintaining low temperature in rooms housing collections made of organic
   materials and relaxing the range of allowable relative humidity
   parameters. The new strategy includes a shift from climate control to
   climate management, including: dual set-point (deadband) controllers to
   reduce energy consumption and lower CO2 emissions, nightly shutdowns of
   the air-handling system serving dry collections in a modern building,
   broader thermal criteria, and a reduction of the amount of fresh air
   introduced to the buildings. These will be implemented sequentially.
   Progress and outcomes will be the focus of a subsequent article.}},
DOI = {{10.3374/014.059.0206}},
ISSN = {{0079-032X}},
EISSN = {{2162-4135}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Simon, Stefan/0000-0002-3781-3481
   White, Russell D/0000-0003-0907-2337
   Bratasz, Lukasz/0000-0002-5277-2606
   Utrup, Nathan/0000-0001-7880-1041}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000448903000005}},
}

@article{ WOS:000445891400002,
Author = {Gruppuso, Paolo},
Title = {{Edenic Views in Wetland Conservation: Nature and Agriculture in the
   Fogliano Area, Italy}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION \& SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{16}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{397-408}},
Month = {{OCT-DEC}},
Abstract = {{The article explores the genealogy of Edenic narratives about the
   Pontine Marshes in Agro Pontino, Italy, and the imaginary of the
   Bonifica Integrale (integral reclamation). This process of reclamation,
   implemented by the fascist regime throughout the 1930s, drained the
   Marshes transforming their ecological, economic, and social structure.
   The dominant reading of Agro Pontino's history is polarised through a
   dualistic view that sees the Marshes as the realm of an almost pristine
   nature and the Bonifica Integrale as a life-giving event that
   transformed that environment, making it cultivable and inhabitable. This
   view reflects a modernist understanding of time as a series of
   punctuated events in a linear trajectory that leads to environmental
   degradation. In conservation, this interpretation produces problematic
   political effects resulting in a specific approach that positions
   agriculture and nature on opposite sides. The article presents
   ethnographic materials that challenge this view and suggests a different
   approach, an `Anthropocene conservation', which looks at the
   sustainability of the future rather than defining an ecological baseline
   to restore.}},
DOI = {{10.4103/cs.cs\_17\_130}},
ISSN = {{0972-4923}},
EISSN = {{0975-3133}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Gruppuso, Paolo/0000-0002-4943-3929}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000445891400002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000445728800011,
Author = {Thomas, Yoann and Bacher, Cedric},
Title = {{Assessing the sensitivity of bivalve populations to global warming using
   an individual-based modelling approach}},
Journal = {{GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{24}},
Number = {{10}},
Pages = {{4581-4597}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Climate change exposes benthic species populations in coastal ecosystems
   to a combination of different stressors (e.g., warming, acidification
   and eutrophication), threatening the sustainability of the ecological
   functions they provide. Thermal stress appears to be one of the
   strongest drivers impacting marine ecosystems, acting across a wide
   range of scales, from individual metabolic performances to geographic
   distribution of populations. Accounting for and integrating the response
   of species functional traits to thermal stress is therefore a necessary
   step in predicting how populations will respond to the warming expected
   in coming decades. Here, we developed an individual-based population
   model using a mechanistic formulation of metabolic processes within the
   framework of the dynamic energy budget theory. Through a large number of
   simulations, we assessed the sensitivity of population growth potential
   to thermal stress and food conditions based on a climate projection
   scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway; RCP8.5: no reduction of
   greenhouse gas emissions). We focused on three bivalve species with
   contrasting thermal tolerance ranges and distinct distribution ranges
   along 5,000km of coastline in the NE Atlantic: the Pacific oyster
   (Magallana gigas), and two mussel species: Mytilus edulis and Mytilus
   galloprovincialis. Our results suggest substantial and contrasting
   changes within species depending on local temperature and food
   concentration. Reproductive phenology appeared to be a core process
   driving the responses of the populations, and these patterns were
   closely related to species thermal tolerances. The nonlinear
   relationship we found between individual life-history traits and
   response at the population level emphasizes the need to consider the
   interactions resulting from upscaling across different levels of
   biological organisation. These results underline the importance of a
   process-based understanding of benthic population response to seawater
   warming, which will be necessary for forward planning of resource
   management and strategies for conservation and adaptation to
   environmental changes.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/gcb.14402}},
ISSN = {{1354-1013}},
EISSN = {{1365-2486}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Thomas, Yoann/G-6648-2016
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Thomas, Yoann/0000-0001-7980-5239
   Bacher, Cedric/0000-0001-6090-4667}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000445728800011}},
}

@article{ WOS:000439537600021,
Author = {Laufenberg, Jared S. and Johnson, Heather E. and Doherty, Jr., Paul F.
   and Breck, Stewart W.},
Title = {{Compounding effects of human development and a natural food shortage on
   a black bear population along a human development-wildland interface}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{224}},
Pages = {{188-198}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Human development and climate change are two stressors that threaten
   numerous wildlife populations, and their combined effects are likely to
   be most pronounced along the human development-wildland interface where
   changes in both natural and anthropogenic conditions interact to affect
   wildlife. To better understand the compounding influence of these
   stressors, we investigated the effects of a climate-induced natural food
   shortage on the dynamics of a black bear population in the vicinity of
   Durango, Colorado. We integrated 4 years of DNA-based
   capture-mark-recapture data with GPS-based telemetry data to evaluate
   the combined effects of human development and the food shortage on the
   abundance, population growth rate, and spatial distribution of female
   black bears. We documented a 57\% decline in female bear abundance
   immediately following the natural food shortage coinciding with an
   increase in human-caused bear mortality (e.g., vehicle collisions,
   harvest and lethal removals) primarily in developed areas. We also
   detected a change in the spatial distribution of female bears with fewer
   bears occurring near human development in years immediately following
   the food shortage, likely as a consequence of high mortality near human
   infrastructure during the food shortage. Given expected future increases
   in human development and climate-induced food shortages, we expect that
   bear dynamics may be increasingly influenced by human-caused mortality,
   which will be difficult to detect with current management practices. To
   ensure long-term sustainability of bear populations, we recommend that
   wildlife agencies invest in monitoring programs that can accurately
   track bear populations, incorporate non-harvest human-caused mortality
   into management models, and work to reduce human-caused mortality,
   particularly in years with natural food shortages.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2018.05.004}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000439537600021}},
}

@article{ WOS:000434970200012,
Author = {Jansen, Merel and Anten, Niels P. R. and Bongers, Frans and
   Martinez-Ramos, Miguel and Zuidema, Pieter A.},
Title = {{Towards smarter harvesting from natural palm populations by sparing the
   individuals that contribute most to population growth or productivity}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{55}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{1682-1691}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{1. Natural populations deliver a wide range of products that provide
   income for millions of people and need to be exploited sustainably.
   Large heterogeneity in individual performance within these exploited
   populations has the potential to improve population recovery after
   exploitation and thus help sustain yields over time.
   2. We explored the potential of using individual heterogeneity to design
   smarter harvest schemes, by sparing individuals that contribute most to
   future productivity and population growth, using the understorey palm
   Chamaedorea elegans as a model system. Leaves of this palm are an
   important non-timber forest product and long-term inter-individual
   growth variability can be evaluated from internode lengths.
   3. We studied a population of 830 individuals, half of which was
   subjected to a 67\% defoliation treatment for 3years. We measured
   effects of defoliation on vital rates and leaf size-a trait that
   determines marketability. We constructed integral projection models in
   which vital rates depended on stem length, past growth rate and
   defoliation and evaluated transient population dynamics to quantify
   population development and leaf yield. We then simulated scenarios in
   which we spared individuals that were either most important for
   population growth or had leaves smaller than marketable size.
   4. Individuals varying in size or past growth rate responded similar to
   leaf harvesting in terms of growth and reproduction. By contrast, a
   reduction in survival chance was smaller in large individuals than in
   small ones. Simulations showed that harvest-induced population decline
   was greatly reduced when sparing individuals from size and past growth
   classes that contributed most to population growth. Under this scenario,
   cumulative leaf harvest over 20years was somewhat reduced, but long-term
   leaf production was sustained. A threefold increase in leaf yield was
   generated when individuals with small leaves were spared.
   5. Synthesis and applications. This study demonstrates the potential to
   create smarter systems of palm leaf harvest by accounting for individual
   heterogeneity within exploited populations. Sparing individuals that
   contribute most to population growth ensured sustained leaf production
   over time. The concepts and methods presented here are generally
   applicable to exploited plant and animal species which exhibit
   considerable individual heterogeneity.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.13100}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zuidema, Pieter A/C-8951-2009
   Martinez-Ramos, Miguel/G-8451-2019}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Zuidema, Pieter A/0000-0001-8100-1168
   Martinez-Ramos, Miguel/0000-0002-7785-1917}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000434970200012}},
}

@article{ WOS:000435384500001,
Author = {Liu, Dongyang and Cheng, Hong and Bussmann, Rainer W. and Guo, Zhiyong
   and Liu, Bo and Long, Chunlin},
Title = {{An ethnobotanical survey of edible fungi in Chuxiong City, Yunnan, China}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{14}},
Month = {{JUN 15}},
Abstract = {{Background: Chuxiong, known as ``the City of Fungi,{''} is rich in
   fungal resources and traditional knowledge related to fungal
   biodiversity. The local environment is an excellent habitat for a wide
   variety of edible fungi. In addition, the region is home to many ethnic
   minorities and especially the Yi ethnic group who has a long history for
   traditionally using fungi as food or medicine. The aims of this review
   are to provide up-to-date information on the knowledge about, and
   traditional management of, fungi in this area and give advice on future
   utilization and conservation.
   Methods: Field surveys and in-depth semi-structured interviews were used
   to gather data. Ethnomycological data was collected from 67 informants
   in the summer of 2015.
   Results: Twenty-two edible fungal species were recorded both as food or
   non-timber forest products (NTFPs), used to increase income, and the
   importance of this resource for the Yi ethnic group was evaluated.
   Conclusion: Abundant and diverse wild genetic resources and a large
   production chain of edible fungi were recorded in Chuxiong. However,
   because of over-harvesting, the wild edible fungi are facing increasing
   threats. Suggestions are proposed to allow sustainable use of fungi
   resources, including (1) promotion of diversification of transportation,
   (2) development of fungi cultivation to improve quality and supply and
   reduce harvest pressure, (3) improvement of public awareness for
   environmental protection and sustainable development, and (4) promotion
   of eco-tourism and development of fungi catering in rural agro- and
   slow-food tourism.}},
DOI = {{10.1186/s13002-018-0239-2}},
Article-Number = {{42}},
ISSN = {{1746-4269}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Long, Chun-Lin/AAE-6871-2020
   Bussmann, Rainer W/A-6105-2010
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Bussmann, Rainer W/0000-0002-3524-5273
   Long, Chunlin/0000-0002-6573-6049}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000435384500001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000433570000005,
Author = {Cope, Holly R. and Hogg, Carolyn J. and White, Peter J. and Herbert,
   Catherine A.},
Title = {{A role for selective contraception of individuals in conservation}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{32}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{546-558}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Contraception has an established role in managing overabundant
   populations and preventing undesirable breeding in zoos. We propose that
   it can also be used strategically and selectively in conservation to
   increase the genetic and behavioral quality of the animals. In captive
   breeding programs, it is becoming increasingly important to maximize the
   retention of genetic diversity by managing the reproductive contribution
   of each individual and preventing genetically suboptimal breeding
   through the use of selective contraception. Reproductive suppression of
   selected individuals in conservation programs has further benefits of
   allowing animals to be housed as a group in extensive enclosures without
   interfering with breeding recommendations, which reduces adaptation to
   captivity and facilitates the expression of wild behaviors and social
   structures. Before selective contraception can be incorporated into a
   breeding program, the most suitable method of fertility control must be
   selected, and this can be influenced by factors such as species life
   history, age, ease of treatment, potential for reversibility, and
   desired management outcome for the individual or population.
   Contraception should then be implemented in the population following a
   step-by-step process. In this way, it can provide crucial, flexible
   control over breeding to promote the physical and genetic health and
   sustainability of a conservation dependent species held in captivity.
   For Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), black-flanked rock
   wallabies (Petrogale lateralis), and burrowing bettongs (Bettongia
   lesueur), contraception can benefit their conservation by maximizing
   genetic diversity and behavioral integrity in the captive breeding
   program, or, in the case of the wallabies and bettongs, by reducing
   populations to a sustainable size when they become locally overabundant.
   In these examples, contraceptive duration relative to reproductive life,
   reversibility, and predictability of the contraceptive agent being used
   are important to ensure the potential for individuals to reproduce
   following cessation of contraception, as exemplified by the wallabies
   when their population crashed and needed females to resume breeding.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/cobi.13042}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{White, Peter J/B-5208-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hogg, Carolyn/0000-0002-6328-398X
   White, Peter/0000-0002-9742-4939
   Cope, Holly/0000-0002-0651-5238}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000433570000005}},
}

@article{ WOS:000435270100013,
Author = {Montambault, Jensen Reitz and Dormer, Myriam and Campbell, Jacob and
   Rana, Naureen and Gottlieb, Sara and Legge, John and Davis, Deron and
   Chakaki, Mohamad},
Title = {{Social equity and urban nature conservation}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION LETTERS}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{3}},
Month = {{MAY-JUN}},
Abstract = {{Nature conservation and social equity issues have been approached in a
   myriad of ways by conservation, humanitarian, and development
   practitioners. The rapid and shifting urbanization of the globe makes
   the interaction of these issues paramount and it is imperative to
   articulate pathways to harmonizing these relationships readily followed
   by conservation practitioners. We describe the processes and compare the
   resulting social equity and conservation objectives of two initiatives
   purposefully integrating these approaches. A private nonprofit seeking
   to develop an urban conservation program in the Atlanta metropolitan
   area purposefully engaged residents from surrounding communities and
   self-identified local and sector leaders to identify communities where
   social equity and conservation objectives could be created together. A
   public agency, built on a century-long history of environmental
   stewardship for migratory birds and pollinators, integrated 20 years of
   participatory action research to engage the surrounding communities
   using methods suggested and developed by the communities themselves. In
   both cases, community-based research approaches have helped establish
   cocreated objectives and flexible monitoring and evaluation baselines.
   Both initiatives found a need to appropriately resource and train staff
   to remain open to learning and evolving new objectives as additional
   perspectives emerge and the impact on conservation and equity objectives
   is assessed.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/conl.12423}},
Article-Number = {{e12423}},
ISSN = {{1755-263X}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gottlieb, Sara/G-9081-2014}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Gottlieb, Sara/0000-0002-7448-0516}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000435270100013}},
}

@article{ WOS:000419339800003,
Author = {Chaudhary, Abhishek and Pourfaraj, Vahab and Mooers, Arne O.},
Title = {{Projecting global land use-driven evolutionary history loss}},
Journal = {{DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{24}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{158-167}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Aim: Recent studies have mapped the global hotspots hosting high
   phylogenetic diversity (PD), but not the regions where this diversity is
   under threat due to human land use. This is because, to date, it is not
   clear how much PD is lost as species of a given taxon go extinct. The
   aim of this study was to identify the global regions projected to suffer
   the highest PD loss due to human land use in the near future.
   Location: Global.
   Methods: We demonstrate a novel approach combining countryside
   species-area relationship, species-specific evolutionary distinctiveness
   (ED) scores and a newly derived strong linear relationship between the
   cumulative ED loss and PD loss through pruning simulations on global
   evolutionary trees of mammals, birds, and amphibians under random
   species loss, to project global land use-driven phylogenetic diversity
   loss in 804 terrestrial ecoregions and 175 countries. We also allocate
   the total projected PD loss to different land use types (agriculture,
   forestry, grazing or urbanization) in each region to pinpoint the major
   drivers.
   Results: For the three taxa combined, we project a total loss of 9,472
   million years (MY) of evolutionary history due to all land uses in all
   countries: 1,541 MY of mammal PD is at stake, 3,336 MY of bird PD and
   4,595 MY of amphibian PD. Agriculture is responsible for loss of 1,579
   MY; pasture 1990 MY, forestry 5,381 and urbanization 522. Land use in
   Indonesia, Colombia, India, Papua New Guinea, Madagascar and Philippines
   is projected to cause the most loss of PD.
   Main conclusions: Through the integrated approach, we can now project PD
   loss associated with species extinctions under alternative land
   conversion scenarios in a region. Overall, the results on hotspots and
   land use drivers may inform individual nations in designing regional
   strategies to achieve the international biodiversity and sustainability
   targets.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/ddi.12677}},
ISSN = {{1366-9516}},
EISSN = {{1472-4642}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{, TheAbbie/AAI-1230-2020}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000419339800003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000424177400003,
Author = {Whytock, Robin C. and Morgan, Bethan J. and Awa, II, Taku and Bekokon,
   Zacharie and Abwe, Ekwoge A. and Buij, Ralph and Virani, Munir and
   Vickery, Juliet A. and Bunnefeld, Nils},
Title = {{Quantifying the scale and socioeconomic drivers of bird hunting in
   Central African forest communities}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{218}},
Pages = {{18-25}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Global biodiversity is threatened by unsustainable exploitation for
   subsistence and commerce, and tropical forests are facing a hunting
   crisis. In Central African forests, hunting pressure has been quantified
   by monitoring changes in the abundance of affected species and by
   studying wild meat consumption, trade and hunter behaviour. However, a
   proportion of offtake is also discarded as bycatch or consumed by
   hunters when working, which can be overlooked by these methods. For
   example, remains of hornbills and raptors are found regularly in hunting
   camps but relatively few birds are consumed in households or traded in
   markets. Hornbill and raptor populations are sensitive to small
   increases in mortality because of their low intrinsic population growth
   rates, however, the scale and socioeconomic drivers of the cryptic
   hunting pressure affecting these species have not been quantified. We
   used direct and indirect questioning and mixed-effects models to
   quantify the socioeconomic predictors, scale and seasonality of illegal
   bird hunting and consumption in Littoral Region, Cameroon. We predicted
   that younger, unemployed men with low educational attainment (i.e.
   hunters) would consume birds more often than other demographics, and
   that relative offtake would be higher than expected based on results
   from village and market-based studies. We found that birds were
   primarily hunted and consumed by unemployed men during the dry season
   but, in contrast to expectations, we found that hunting prevalence
   increased with educational attainment. Within unemployed men educated to
   primary level (240 of 675 respondents in 19 villages), we estimated an
   average of 29 hornbills and eight raptors (compared with 19 pangolins)
   were consumed per month during the study period (Feb Jun 2015) in a
   catchment of c.1135 km(2). We conclude that large forest birds face
   greater hunting pressure than previously recognised, and birds are a
   regular source of protein for men during unemployment. Offtake levels
   may be unsustainable for some raptors and hornbills based on life
   history traits but in the absence of sufficient baseline ecological and
   population data we recommend that a social-ecological modeling approach
   is used in future to quantify hunting sustainability.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2017.11.034}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Whytock, Robin/H-6516-2019}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Whytock, Robin/0000-0002-0127-6071}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000424177400003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000417764600005,
Author = {Blesh, Jennifer},
Title = {{Functional traits in cover crop mixtures: Biological nitrogen fixation
   and multifunctionality}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{55}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{38-48}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{1. Cover crop mixtures with complementary plant functional traits
   including biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) may supply nitrogen (N) to
   farm fields while simultaneously providing other ecosystem functions
   such as N retention and weed suppression (i.e., multifunctionality).
   Understanding variation in these relationships across farms can help
   advance trait-based research in agroecology and ecological approaches to
   nutrient management.
   2. This on-farm experiment explored the contributions of two-and
   three-species cover crop mixtures, which combined legumes, brassicas and
   cool season grasses, to ecosystem functions across a gradient of soil
   fertility levels driven by farm management history.
   3. I evaluated the predictions that functional trait diversity of the
   cover crops would explain variation in multifunctionality, and that
   legume biomass and BNF within mixtures would be inversely correlated
   with indicators of soil N availability from organic matter across the
   farm gradient.
   4. Ecosystem functions varied widely across farms. As expected,
   functional diversity was a significant predictor of multifunctionality,
   although the relationship was weak. Cover crop mixtures had
   significantly greater multifunctionality than a cereal rye monoculture,
   though not at the highest observed levels of each function, indicating
   trade-offs among functions. Linear regression models showed that legume
   biomass and BNF were negatively correlated with soil properties
   indicative of N availability from soil organic matter, whereas
   non-legume and weed biomass were positively correlated with other
   measures of soil fertility.
   5. Synthesis and applications. Cover crop mixtures can increase
   functional diversity within crop rotations. Designing mixtures with
   complementary plant traits may be particularly effective for increasing
   multifunctionality and agroecosystem sustainability. On-farm research to
   understand variation in biological nitrogen fixation, which is both a
   plant trait and a key ecosystem function, across heterogeneous soil
   conditions, can inform management of soil fertility based on ecological
   principles.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.13011}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000417764600005}},
}

@article{ WOS:000415194000036,
Author = {Arroyo, Nina-Larissa and Preciado, Izaskun and Lopez-Lopez, Lucia and
   Munoz, Isabel and Punzon, Antonio},
Title = {{Trophic mechanisms underlying bentho-demersal community recovery in the
   north-east Atlantic}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{54}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1957-1967}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{1. Bottom trawling is considered one of the greatest and most widespread
   causes of anthropogenic change in shelf seas, with major and prolonged
   impacts in areas with a long history of exploitation by fisheries such
   as the North Atlantic. Here, signs of recovery following the enforcement
   of regulations are increasingly being reported.
   2. We examined the extent to which biological diversity and
   functionality are restored when fishing pressure is reduced by
   evaluating changes in species biomass and that of the main functional
   groups present in the continental platform, as obtained from systematic
   survey (IBTS) results. Moreover, we examined how this recovery is
   mirrored in the trophic organization of the affected communities by
   assessing variations in link density and strength of the main consumer
   species and investigating whether variations in species richness were
   paralleled by changes in network properties. Finally, we investigated
   whether reductions in fishing pressure (fishing mortality) were
   correlated with the abovementioned variations in community and trophic
   structure of the bentho-demersal assemblages.
   3. Our results corroborate the apparent recovery of North Atlantic
   fishing stocks and further substantiate the improved welfare of the
   bentho-demersal assemblages of the Southern Bay of Biscay. Specifically,
   we found an increase in species richness and in the abundance of most
   functional groups, especially those more closely related to the benthos,
   following the reduction in fishing mortality. Increases in overall
   species richness were paralleled by an increase in the number of links
   and a reduction in mean interaction strength connecting the main
   consumer species with their prey items. This is in accordance with
   ecological theory and could explain the mechanism by which
   bentho-demersal assemblages restructure their trophic network towards
   more stable organizations.
   4. Synthesis and applications. Detecting patterns of recovery or change
   to alternative stable states following stress release is essential to
   unravel the effects of perturbations and to design effective management
   strategies. Our study shows that trophic network properties provide a
   convincing tool to evaluate and perceive recovery patterns. The trends
   shown in our study appear to be related with the decline in fishing
   mortality resulting from the enforcement of fisheries regulations in the
   area. They substantiate the efficiency of these regulations as a
   guarantee for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management and advocate
   their enforcement at a wider level as a convincing measure to preserve
   the sustainability of marine resources and their welfare.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.12879}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Punzon, Antonio/AAC-6717-2020
   Preciado, Izaskun/K-9029-2014
   Lopez-Lopez, Lucia/L-2066-2017}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Preciado, Izaskun/0000-0002-0934-9423
   Munoz, Isabel/0000-0003-1055-0754
   Arroyo, Nina Larissa/0000-0003-1502-1245
   Lopez-Lopez, Lucia/0000-0003-3740-7392}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000415194000036}},
}

@article{ WOS:000417551800034,
Author = {Westers, Trisha and Ribble, Carl and Daniel, Sam and Checkley, Sylvia
   and Wu, Jessica P. and Stephen, Craig},
Title = {{Assessing and comparing relative farm-level sustainability of
   smallholder shrimp farms in two Sri Lankan provinces using indices
   developed from two methodological frameworks}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{83}},
Pages = {{346-355}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{As shrimp farming can be an important means of income generation,
   particularly among Sri Lanka's rural communities, it is important that
   this industry grows in a sustainable manner, starting at the farm level.
   The objectives of this study were to; 1) create baseline farm-level
   sustainability indices for smallholder shrimp farms in Sri Lanka using
   both content-based and system-based frameworks adapted from agriculture;
   2) determine whether arranging indicators within both content- and
   system-based sustainability frameworks would provide additional insight
   into relative farm sustainability (rather than using just one
   framework); and 3) seek differences between the North Western Province
   (NWP) and the Eastern Province (EP) in sustainability index, subindex,
   or indicator scores that might be used to create province-specific
   policies and education programs designed to potentially improve
   sustainable practices at the farm level. Since little has been published
   on the development of practical indicators and evaluation of farm-level
   sustainability in aquaculture, this study adapted two types of
   frameworks used for measuring sustainability in agriculture: content-
   and system-based. Using both frameworks, along with expert opinion,
   indicators of farm level sustainability were developed into a
   questionnaire and measured on 225 farms in two provinces of Sri Lanka.
   Indicators primarily included modifiable practices that farmers could
   influence to improve the chances of their farms' survival. The farm
   indicators were normalized using ``min-max{''} normalization, where
   scores of zero and one were assigned for the least and most sustainable
   options, respectively. Farm indicators in each province were then
   aggregated into sub-indices as well an overall aggregated sustainability
   index score. Similar themes were gleaned from both the content-based and
   system-based sustainability frameworks, and there was no significant
   difference between mean overall sustainability scores for the two
   different frameworks. Farms in the NWP scored significantly higher on
   the overall sustainability indices of both models despite the NWP's
   history of severe disease outbreaks while the EP farms had no disease.
   Possible reasons for this difference were explored with an in-depth
   analysis of sub-indices as well as individual indicators. An overall
   aggregated sustainability index score was a useful baseline measure for
   monitoring changes in sustainability over time; however, its use was
   limited when attempting to identify gaps in sustainable management
   practices and provide practical information for farmers and stakeholders
   to improve farm-level sustainability. It was important to evaluate
   individual indicators in addition to sub-indices and overall index
   scores when making recommendations or identifying gaps in sustainable
   practices at the farm level.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.08.025}},
ISSN = {{1470-160X}},
EISSN = {{1872-7034}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Checkley, Sylvia/0000-0002-9118-2721}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000417551800034}},
}

@article{ WOS:000414969000026,
Author = {Williams, David R. and Alvarado, Fredy and Green, Rhys E. and Manica,
   Andrea and Phalan, Ben and Balmford, Andrew},
Title = {{Land-use strategies to balance livestock production, biodiversity
   conservation and carbon storage in Yucatan, Mexico}},
Journal = {{GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{23}},
Number = {{12}},
Pages = {{5260-5272}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Balancing the production of food, particularly meat, with preserving
   biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services is a major societal
   challenge. Research into the contrasting strategies of land sparing and
   land sharing has suggested that land sparingcombining high-yield
   agriculture with the protection or restoration of natural habitats on
   nonfarmed landwill have lower environmental impacts than other
   strategies. Ecosystems with long histories of habitat disturbance,
   however, could be resilient to low-yield agriculture and thus fare
   better under land sharing. Using a wider suite of species (birds, dung
   beetles and trees) and a wider range of livestock-production systems
   than previous studies, we investigated the probable impacts of different
   land-use strategies on biodiversity and aboveground carbon stocks in the
   Yucatan Peninsula, Mexicoa region with a long history of habitat
   disturbance. By modelling the production of multiple products from
   interdependent land uses, we found that land sparing would allow larger
   estimated populations of most species and larger carbon stocks to
   persist than would land sharing or any intermediate strategy. This
   result held across all agricultural production targets despite the
   history of disturbance and despite species richness in low- and
   medium-yielding agriculture being not much lower than that in natural
   habitats. This highlights the importance, in evaluating the biodiversity
   impacts of land use, of measuring population densities of individual
   species, rather than simple species richness. The benefits of land
   sparing for both biodiversity and carbon storage suggest that
   safeguarding natural habitats for biodiversity protection and carbon
   storage alongside promoting areas of high-yield cattle production would
   be desirable. However, delivering such landscapes will probably require
   the explicit linkage of livestock yield increases with habitat
   protection or restoration, as well as a deeper understanding of the
   long-term sustainability of yields, and research into how other societal
   outcomes vary across land-use strategies.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/gcb.13791}},
ISSN = {{1354-1013}},
EISSN = {{1365-2486}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Alvarado, Fredy/AAK-3434-2021
   Manica, Andrea/B-5497-2008
   Phalan, Ben/A-5783-2009
   Manica, Andrea/N-9013-2019
   Alvarado, Fredy/AAI-6460-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Alvarado, Fredy/0000-0002-6724-4064
   Manica, Andrea/0000-0003-1895-450X
   Phalan, Ben/0000-0001-7876-7226
   Manica, Andrea/0000-0003-1895-450X
   Balmford, Andrew/0000-0002-0144-3589
   Williams, David/0000-0002-0379-1800}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000414969000026}},
}

@article{ WOS:000411136200009,
Author = {Koptur, Suzanne and Dutton, Alexandra},
Title = {{The FIU Nature Preserve: Achieving Biological Conservation Through
   Diversification of Stakeholders}},
Journal = {{SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{16}},
Number = {{10}},
Pages = {{94-108}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Many institutions of higher education have sustainability initiatives;
   however, not all consider the importance of proximity to nature in the
   psychological well-being of their associated human community. Florida
   International University (FIU) is near the Florida Everglades, and,
   thus, is strategically positioned to educate the community about South
   Florida's rich natural history. In the past, the FIU Nature Preserve was
   underutilized, under-managed, and even dangerous. With minimal
   visitation, investment, and administrative support, its future looked
   dim. By enhancing the facility to appeal to a larger target-audience and
   expanding educational programming for a wider array of participants, a
   dramatic increase in visitation took place. Visitation grew from <1000
   people a year in 2010, to 30,586 in 2015. These changes led the
   university to invest in and protect this forested park, which has long
   served as an important outdoor classroom for the FIU community.}},
DOI = {{10.1656/058.016.0sp1011}},
ISSN = {{1528-7092}},
EISSN = {{1938-5412}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Koptur, Suzanne/B-7809-2009}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000411136200009}},
}

@article{ WOS:000404863300007,
Author = {Genovart, Meritxell and Doak, Daniel F. and Igual, Jose-Manuel and
   Sponza, Stefano and Kralj, Jelena and Oro, Daniel},
Title = {{Varying demographic impacts of different fisheries on three
   Mediterranean seabird species}},
Journal = {{GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{23}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{3012-3029}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Fisheries have an enormous economic importance, but reconciling their
   socio-economic features with the conservation and sustainability of
   marine ecosystems presents major challenges. Bycatch mortality from
   fisheries is clearly among the most serious global threats for marine
   ecosystems, affecting a wide range of top predators. Recent estimates
   report ca. 200,000 seabirds killed annually by bycatch in European
   waters. However, there is an urgent need to rigorously estimate actual
   mortality rates and quantify effects of bycatch on populations. The
   Mediterranean Sea is one of the most impacted regions. Here, we estimate
   for the first time both bycatch mortality rates and their
   population-level effects on three endemic and vulnerable Mediterranean
   taxa: Scopoli's shearwater, Mediterranean shag, and Audouin's gull, that
   die in different types of fishing gears: longlines, gillnets and sport
   trolling, respectively. We use multi-event capture-recapture modelling
   to estimate crucial demographic parameters, including the probabilities
   of dying in different fishing gears. We then build stochastic demography
   models to forecast the viability of the populations under different
   management scenarios. Longline bycatch was particularly severe for
   adults of Scopoli's shearwaters and Audouin's gulls (ca. 28\% and 23\%
   of total mortality, respectively) and also for immature gulls (ca. 90\%
   of mortality). Gillnets had a lower impact, but were still responsible
   for ca. 9\% of juvenile mortality on shags, whereas sport trolling only
   slightly influenced total mortality in gulls. Bycatch mortality has high
   population-level impacts in all three species, with shearwaters having
   the highest extinction risk under current mortality rates. Different
   life-history traits and compensatory demographic mechanisms between the
   three species are probably influencing the different bycatch impact: for
   shearwaters, urgent conservation actions are required to ensure the
   viability of their populations. Results will be very useful for guiding
   future seabird conservation policies and moving towards an
   ecosystem-based approach to sustainable fisheries management.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/gcb.13670}},
ISSN = {{1354-1013}},
EISSN = {{1365-2486}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Genovart, Meritxell/L-4873-2014
   Oro, Daniel/H-4208-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Genovart, Meritxell/0000-0003-2919-1288
   Oro, Daniel/0000-0003-4782-3007
   Kralj, Jelena/0000-0002-1500-5897
   Igual, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-8369-3150}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000404863300007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000405457000018,
Author = {Mayor, Pedro and El Bizri, Hani and Bodmer, Richard E. and Bowler, Mark},
Title = {{Assessment of mammal reproduction for hunting sustainability through
   community-based sampling of species in the wild}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{31}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{912-923}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Wildlife subsistence hunting is a major source of protein for tropical
   rural populations and a prominent conservation issue. The intrinsic rate
   of natural increase. (r(max)) of populations is a key reproductive
   parameter in the most used assessments of hunting sustainability.
   However, researchers face severe difficulties in obtaining reproductive
   data in the wild, so these assessments often rely on classic
   reproductive rates calculated mostly from studies of captive animals
   conducted 30 years ago. The result is a flaw in almost 50\% of studies,
   which hampers management decision making. We conducted a 15-year study
   in the Amazon in which we used reproductive data from the genitalia of
   950 hunted female mammals. Genitalia were collected by local hunters. We
   examined tissue from these samples to estimate birthrates for wild
   populations of the 10 most hunted mammals. We compared our estimates
   with classic measures and considered the utility of the use of r(max) in
   sustainability assessments. For woolly monkey (Lagothrix poeppigii) and
   tapir (Tapirus terrestris), wild birthrates were similar to those from
   captive populations, whereas birthrates for other ungulates and
   lowlandpaca (Cuniculus paca) were significantly lower than previous
   estimates. Conversely, for capuchin monkeys (Sapajus macrocephalus),
   agoutis (Dasyprocta sp.), and coatis (Nasua nasua), our calculated
   reproductive rates greatly exceeded often-used values. Researchers could
   keep applying classic measures compatible with our estimates, but for
   other species previous estimates of r(max) may not be appropriate. We
   suggest that data from local studies be used to set hunting quotas. Our
   maximum rates of population growth in the wild correlated with body
   weight, which suggests that our method is consistent and reliable.
   Integration of this method into community-based wildlife management and
   the training of local hunters to record pregnancies in hunted animals
   could efficiently generate useful information of life histories of wild
   species and thus improve management of natural resources.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/cobi.12870}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mayor, Pedro/AAC-2871-2021
   Bowler, Mark/I-1967-2019
   El Bizri, Hani/A-1315-2016
   Mayor, Pedro/D-6359-2015
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Bowler, Mark/0000-0001-5236-3477
   El Bizri, Hani/0000-0003-1524-6292
   Mayor, Pedro/0000-0001-5297-792X
   Bodmer, Richard/0000-0001-8777-2967}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000405457000018}},
}

@article{ WOS:000409862400001,
Author = {Londres, Marina and Schulze, Mark and Staudhammer, Christina L. and
   Kainer, Karen A.},
Title = {{Population Structure and Fruit Production of Carapa guianensis
   (Andiroba) in Amazonian Floodplain Forests: Implications for
   Community-Based Management}},
Journal = {{TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{10}},
Month = {{JUL 7}},
Abstract = {{Andiroba (Carapa guianensis) is a multiple-use tree species that plays a
   crucial socioeconomic role across thousands of Amazonian traditional and
   indigenous communities. In the floodplain forests of the Amazon estuary,
   we partnered with local forest managers to investigate C. guianensis
   ecological parameters, addressing seed production rates, tree density,
   and size class structure across a range of environmental conditions and
   forest use history. C. guianensis population structure was measured in
   three forest types: baixio, restinga, and terra preta, differentiated by
   tidal influence, species dominance and composition, and edaphic
   conditions. We found significant differences across forest types,
   whereby seedling and sapling densities were higher in terra preta and
   adult densities were higher in baixio. Adult densities were 28.7, 23.0,
   and 19.5 trees/ha, and seedling densities were 22.9, 105, and 151
   trees/ha in baixio, restinga, and terra preta forest types,
   respectively. Seed production rates varied significantly across forest
   types, year, size class, crown form, and crown illumination. There were
   higher numbers of viable seeds in terra preta versus baixio (5.5 kg and
   2.6 seeds/tree/year, respectively) as well as more trees with better
   crown forms, more light, and larger diameter sizes. Long-term patterns
   of community timber management intensity by forest type significantly
   influenced both population structure and population-level seed
   production. Nonetheless, assessment of seed production for the total
   population suggests that the local community was collecting less than
   1\% of the viable C. guianensis seeds produced annually within community
   forest lands. This study illustrates the potential of management to
   impact the sustainability of an important multiple use species and shows
   the impact that community conservation planning and action can have on
   future natural resource availability.}},
DOI = {{10.1177/1940082917718835}},
ISSN = {{1940-0829}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Schulze, Mark D/H-4921-2013}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Schulze, Mark D/0000-0003-0438-4091}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000409862400001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000404308600015,
Author = {Zhang, Jindong and Hull, Vanessa and Ouyang, Zhiyun and Li, Rengui and
   Connor, Thomas and Yang, Hongbo and Zhang, Zejun and Silet, Brad and
   Zhang, Hemin and Liu, Jianguo},
Title = {{Divergent responses of sympatric species to livestock encroachment at
   fine spatiotemporal scales}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2017}},
Volume = {{209}},
Pages = {{119-129}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Livestock are a major human-induced threat to wildlife worldwide,
   especially in forest landscapes where livestock degrade the food and
   habitat of forest-dwelling wildlife. However, few empirical studies on
   this topic have been conducted at fine spatiotemporal scales that are
   crucial for wildlife-livestock interactions, in particular those
   involving multiple sympatric wildlife species under policy changes.
   Here, we demonstrate wildlife-livestock interactions through examining
   the interactions of several sympatric, threatened wildlife species with
   livestock in Wolong Nature Reserve, China, using data collected from
   infrared camera traps, DNA analysis of panda fecal samples and panda
   distribution predictive modeling along with habitat predictors. Camera
   trapping revealed an increase in livestock after the government
   implemented an incentive policy to encourage livestock production midway
   through the study. Three species (giant panda, red panda, and golden
   snub-nosed monkey) were displaced as more livestock encroached on forest
   habitat. In contrast, the detection rate of sambar deer was not affected
   by livestock encroachment, but sambar shifted the timing of visiting
   water sources (streams) to dusk (when livestock disturbance and other
   human activities were lower). The number of giant pandas detected via
   DNA testing of feces was relatively stable, but panda distribution
   modeling showed that pandas occurred across a wider area after
   disturbance. Our research shows that with increased livestock, different
   wildlife species may respond in different ways, which is likely
   associated with their biological traits (e.g., life history strategy and
   diet). Our study underscores the need for careful livestock policy
   making and planning. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2017.02.014}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Yang, Hongbo/AAL-4818-2021
   Liu, Jianguo/G-5211-2015}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Yang, Hongbo/0000-0001-5935-6595
   Liu, Jianguo/0000-0001-6344-0087}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000404308600015}},
}

@article{ WOS:000388156100008,
Author = {Goetze, Jordan and Langlois, Tim and Claudet, Joachim and
   Januchowski-Hartley, Fraser and Jupiter, Stacy D.},
Title = {{Periodically harvested closures require full protection of vulnerable
   species and longer closure periods}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{203}},
Pages = {{67-74}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{Periodically harvested closures (PHCs) are small fisheries closures with
   objectives such as sustaining fisheries and conserving biodiversity and
   have become one of the most common forms of nearshore marine management
   in the Western Pacific. Although PHCs can provide both short-term
   conservation and fisheries benefits, their potential as a long-term
   management strategy remains unclear. Through empirical assessment of a
   single harvest event in each of five PHCs, we determined whether
   targeted fishes that differ in their vulnerability to fishing recovered
   to pre-harvest conditions (the state prior to last harvest) and
   demonstrated post-harvest recovery benefits after 1 year of re-closure.
   For low and moderately vulnerable species, two PHCs provided significant
   pre-harvest benefits and one provided significant post-harvest recovery
   benefits, suggesting a contribution to longer-term sustainability. PHCs
   with a combination of high compliance and longer closing times are more
   likely to provide fisheries benefits and recover from harvest events,
   however, no benefits were observed across any PHCs for highly vulnerable
   species. We recommend PHCs have longer closure periods before being
   harvested and species that are highly vulnerable to fishing (e.g. large
   species of; grouper, wrasse and parrotfish) are avoided during harvests
   to avoid overexploitation and increase the sustainability of small-scale
   fisheries. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.038}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Claudet, Joachim/C-6335-2008
   Goetze, Jordan/J-3099-2015
   Januchowski-Hartley, Fraser A./H-8904-2019
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Claudet, Joachim/0000-0001-6295-1061
   Goetze, Jordan/0000-0002-3090-9763
   Januchowski-Hartley, Fraser A./0000-0003-2468-8199
   Jupiter, Stacy/0000-0001-9742-1677}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000388156100008}},
}

@article{ WOS:000389961800003,
Author = {Amaral Nascimento, Alexandre Tulio and Nali, Camila and Schmidlin, Lucia
   and Marques, Rosangela and Rodeano, Maria and Padua, Suzana M. and
   Valladares-Padua, Claudio B. and Prado, Fabiana and de Souza, Maria das
   Gragas and da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.},
Title = {{Combining Econegotiations and Threat Reduction Assessments to estimate
   success of conservation: lessons learned in the black-faced lion tamarin
   conservation program}},
Journal = {{NATUREZA \& CONSERVACAO}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{14}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{57-66}},
Month = {{JUL-DEC}},
Abstract = {{This study shares the experience of the Integrated Conservation Program
   for the black-faced lion tamarin, Leontopithecus caissara, on measuring
   its conservation success. We present the program history and evaluate
   its impact from 2005 until 2014 in the Ariri region, at Cananeia, Sao
   Paulo, Brazil. To assess impact we combined an evaluation of the
   Econegotiation, a strategy that looks for involve various social
   segments into conservation through participative forums, with the Threat
   Reduction Assessment. Econegotiations analysis made possible to estimate
   the reduction of direct threats, which is considered the most difficult
   step in the application of Threat Reduction Assessment. We identified a
   20-30\% reduction in threats, expressed by better political coherence
   and use of natural resources within the region. Our study revealed two
   factors that influence the success of integrated conservation and
   development projects: (i) the ability to integrate in the local context
   and influence it to make biodiversity conservation an interest shared by
   diverse actors and leaders, and (ii) the weight of our biocentric vision
   in defining the target condition constrains the calculation of Threat
   Reduction Assessment. As lessons learned, we highlight vital aspects to
   consider in conservation and sustainability: (i) initial effort to know
   the territory's social, cultural, and economic profile; (ii) clarity of
   direction and focus on the program's mission; (iii) consolidation of
   partnerships at all levels; and (iv) strategy to discuss, understand,
   and overcome conflicts, such as Econegotiations in the black-faced lion
   tamarin program, can act on critical threats and identify approaches and
   partnerships to reduce them. (C) 2016 Associacao Brasileira de Ciencia
   Ecologica e Conservacao. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ncon.2016.06.001}},
ISSN = {{1679-0073}},
EISSN = {{2178-3675}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000389961800003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000413276800007,
Author = {Lessa, Rosangela and Batista, Vandick S. and Santana, Francisco M.},
Title = {{Close to extinction? The collapse of the endemic daggernose shark
   (Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus) off Brazil}},
Journal = {{GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2016}},
Volume = {{7}},
Pages = {{70-81}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{The daggernose shark, Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus is endemic to the
   northern of South America from Trinidad and Tobago to Tubarao bay in
   Maranhao state (Brazil) where collapsed since the 1990's, due to several
   gillnet fisheries for teleost fishes, fisheries targeting sharks,
   including the daggernose shark, itself, and trawling for shrimp. Based
   on gillnets with meshes 80->200 mm, we analyzed the intrinsic and
   extrinsic vulnerabilities of the species through different scenarios
   investigating the species' resilience. Samples were collected from
   December 1989 to September 1991, off the coast of Maranhao. Mortalities
   were M = 0.188 and Z = 0.653 for males and 0.725 in females. Only a
   scenario without fishing allowed for the population to remain in
   equilibrium. The survival of young specimens between 1 to 6 years was
   critical to sustainability according to elasticities that exceeded 70\%.
   The intrinsic rebound (r(z)) of 0.039, demonstrated the species low
   resilience. An unsustainable exploitation was revealed for different
   ages at first capture (t(c)) when the maximal yield per recruit (YPR)
   provided F-max (0.15), below the actual F = 0.47 in 1991 when an
   exploitation rate E = 0.72 was obtained. Using data collected in
   1980/1990 the species was globally categorized in 2006 as critically
   endangered (CR) similar to assessments in Brazil in 2004. After a
   three-generation period the species, which did not recover, is now
   collapsed matching the predicted quasi-extinction condition which claims
   for urgent and effective conservation measures. (C) 2016 The Authors.
   Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.gecco.2016.04.003}},
ISSN = {{2351-9894}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{DA SILVA BATISTA, VANDICK/G-9749-2012
   Santana, Francisco/ABG-2693-2020
   LESSA, ROSANGELA PAULA TEIXEIRA/D-5043-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{DA SILVA BATISTA, VANDICK/0000-0002-1183-1067
   Santana, Francisco/0000-0002-3225-8861
   Lessa, Rosangela/0000-0002-9217-1215}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000413276800007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000375193000001,
Author = {Croyle, Kaitlin E. and Durrant, Barbara S. and Jensen, Thomas},
Title = {{Detection of oocyte perivitelline membrane-bound sperm: a tool for avian
   collection management}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{3}},
Month = {{JAN 18}},
Abstract = {{The success and sustainability of an avian breeding programme depend on
   managing productive and unproductive pairs. Given that each breeding
   season can be of immeasurable importance, it is critical to resolve pair
   fertility issues quickly. Such problems are traditionally diagnosed
   through behavioural observations, egg lay history and hatch rates, with
   a decision to re-pair generally taking one or more breeding seasons. In
   pairs producing incubated eggs that show little or no signs of embryonic
   development, determining fertility is difficult. Incorporating a
   technique to assess sperm presence on the oocyte could, in conjunction
   with behaviour and other data, facilitate a more timely re-pair
   decision. Detection of perivitelline membrane-bound (PVM-bound) sperm
   verifies successful copulation, sperm production and sperm
   functionality. Alternatively, a lack of detectable sperm, at least in
   freshly laid eggs, suggests no mating, lack of sperm production/function
   or sperm-oviduct incompatibility. This study demonstrated PVM-bound
   sperm detection by Hoechst staining in fresh to 24-day-incubated exotic
   eggs from 39 species representing 13 orders. However, a rapid and
   significant time-dependent loss of detectable PVM-bound sperm was
   observed following incubation of chicken eggs. The PCR detection of
   sperm in seven species, including two bacterially infected eggs,
   demonstrated that this method was not as reliable as visual detection
   using Hoechst staining. The absence of amplicons in visually positive
   PVMs was presumably due to large PVM size and low sperm count, resulting
   in DNA concentrations too low for standard PCR detection. In summary,
   this study demonstrated the feasibility and limitations of using
   PVM-bound sperm detection as a management tool for exotic avian species.
   We verified that sperm presence or absence on fluorescence microscopy
   can aid in the differentiation of fertile from infertile eggs to assist
   breeding managers in making prompt decisions for pair rearrangements.
   This protocol is currently used to manage several breeding pairs in San
   Diego Zoo global avian conservation programmes.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/conphys/cou060}},
Article-Number = {{cou060}},
ISSN = {{2051-1434}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Durrant, Barbara/AAF-7451-2021}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000375193000001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000349919400002,
Author = {Molnar, Zsolt and Gelleny, Krisztina and Margoczi, Katalin and Biro,
   Marianna},
Title = {{Landscape ethnoecological knowledge base and management of ecosystem
   services in a Szekely-Hungarian pre-capitalistic village system
   (Transylvania, Romania)}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{11}},
Month = {{JAN 7}},
Abstract = {{Background: Previous studies showed an in-depth ecological understanding
   by traditional people of managing natural resources. We studied the
   landscape ethnoecological knowledge (LEEK) of Szekelys on the basis of
   16-19th century village laws. We analyzed the habitat types, ecosystem
   services and sustainable management types on which village laws had
   focused.
   Methods: Szekelys had self-governed communities formed mostly of ``noble
   peasants{''}. Land-use was dominated by commons and regulated by village
   laws framed by the whole community. Seventy-two archival laws from 52
   villages, resulting in 898 regulations, were analyzed using the DPSIR
   framework. Explicit and implicit information about the contemporary
   ecological knowledge of Szekelys was extracted. We distinguished between
   responses that limited use and supported regeneration and those that
   protected produced/available ecosystem services and ensured their fair
   distribution.
   Results: Most regulations referred to forests (674), arable lands (562),
   meadows (448) and pastures (134). Szekelys regulated the proportion of
   arable land, pasture and forest areas consciously in order to maximize
   long-term exploitation of ecosystem services. The inner territory was
   protected against overuse by relocating certain uses to the outer
   territory. Competition for ecosystem services was demonstrated by
   conflicts of pressure-related (mostly personal) and response-related
   (mostly communal) driving forces. Felling of trees (oaks), grazing of
   forests, meadows and fallows, masting, use of wild apple/pear trees and
   fishing were strictly regulated. Cutting of leaf-fodder, grazing of
   green crops, burning of forest litter and the polluting of streams were
   prohibited. Marketing by villagers and inviting outsiders to use the
   ecosystem services were strictly regulated, and mostly prohibited.
   Szekelys recognized at least 71 folk habitat types, understood
   ecological regeneration and degradation processes, the history of their
   landscape and the management possibilities of ecosystem services. Some
   aspects of LEEK were so well known within Szekely communities that they
   were not made explicit in village laws, others remained implicit because
   they were not related to regulations.
   Conclusions: Based on explicit and implicit information, we argue that
   Szekelys possessed detailed knowledge of the local ecological system.
   Moreover the world's first known explicit mention of ecosystem services
   ({''} Benefits that are provided by Nature for free{''}) originated from
   this region from 1786.}},
DOI = {{10.1186/1746-4269-11-3}},
Article-Number = {{3}},
ISSN = {{1746-4269}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000349919400002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000358677400005,
Author = {Hvenegaard, Glen T. and Carr, Susan and Clark, Kim and Dunn, Pat and
   Olexson, Todd},
Title = {{Promoting Sustainable Forest Management Among Stakeholders in the Prince
   Albert Model Forest, Canada}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION \& SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{13}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{51-61}},
Month = {{JAN-MAR}},
Abstract = {{Model Forests are partnerships for shared decision-making to support
   social, environmental, and economic sustainability in forest management.
   Relationships among sustainable forest management partners are often
   strained, but the Prince Albert Model Forest (PAMF) represents a process
   of effective stakeholder involvement, cooperative relationships,
   visionary planning, and regional landscape management. This article
   seeks to critically examine the history, drivers, accomplishments, and
   challenges associated with the PAMF. Four key phases are discussed,
   representing different funding levels, planning processes, research
   projects, and partners. Key drivers in the PAMF were funding, urgent
   issues, provincial responsibility, core of committed people, evolving
   governance, desire for a neutral organisation, role of protected areas,
   and potential for mutual benefits. The stakeholders involved in the
   Model Forest, including the forest industry and associated groups,
   protected areas, Aboriginal groups, local communities, governments, and
   research groups, were committed to the project, cooperated on many joint
   activities, provided significant staffing and financial resources, and
   gained many benefits to their own organisations. Challenges included
   declining funding, changing administrative structures, multiple
   partners, and rotating representatives. The PAMF process promoted
   consultative and integrated land resource management in the region, and
   demonstrated the positive results of cooperation between stakeholders
   interested in sustainable forest management.}},
DOI = {{10.4103/0972-4923.161222}},
ISSN = {{0972-4923}},
EISSN = {{0975-3133}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000358677400005}},
}

@article{ WOS:000358677400001,
Author = {Wiersma, Yolanda F. and Duinker, Peter N. and Haider, Wolfgang and
   Hvenegaard, Glen T. and Schmiegelow, Fiona K. A.},
Title = {{Introduction: Relationships Between Protected Areas and Sustainable
   Forest Management: Where are We Heading}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION \& SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{13}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{1-12}},
Month = {{JAN-MAR}},
Abstract = {{The relationship between protected areas and forest management has been
   one that has often been fraught with conflict. New practices in the
   forest sector and new ecological insights have led more recently to
   better co-operation in some regions, although it is debatable to what
   extent cooperative approaches are desirable. In this introduction to the
   special section on the relationships between protected areas and
   sustainable forest management, we outline the history of the forestry
   and protected areas sectors in Canada, and the evolution of the
   relationships between them. We define key terms for the debate and offer
   a novel framework for understanding the relationship between the two
   sectors as management regimes that occur along parallel continua of
   sustainability. This framework is contrasted against real-world findings
   from across Canada, and with examples from elsewhere in the world.}},
DOI = {{10.4103/0972-4923.161206}},
ISSN = {{0972-4923}},
EISSN = {{0975-3133}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Schmiegelow, Fiona/0000-0002-8219-8684
   Wiersma, Yolanda/0000-0003-4604-9240}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000358677400001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000416218800010,
Author = {Afflerbach, Jamie C. and Lester, Sarah E. and Dougherty, Dawn T. and
   Poon, Sarah E.},
Title = {{A global survey of ``TURF-reserves{''}, Territorial Use Rights for
   Fisheries coupled with marine reserves}},
Journal = {{GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{2}},
Pages = {{97-106}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Overfishing and degradation of the marine environment continue to plague
   coastal communities worldwide, with multiple diverse solutions being
   proposed. Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries (TURFs) is a fishery
   management approach that aligns fishers' incentives with sustainability,
   while marine reserves have proven effective for ecosystem protection,
   and in some cases for fishery enhancement. These two management
   approaches are often used in isolation, leaving the potential utility of
   integrating them poorly understood. We examine cases where TURFs and
   marine reserves have been implemented together to create
   ``TURF-reserves''. We compiled a database of 27 TURF-reserves and
   collected information on the governance, management, enforcement,
   fishing practices, fishing rights, regulations, and design attributes
   for each site. We address several research questions including: what
   species are managed with TURF-reserves, how are TURF-reserves created
   and who is involved in the process? Our findings show that the majority
   of surveyed TURF-reserves arose from previously established TURF systems
   that target a range of fisheries, and multiple entities play a role in
   TURF-reserve development and management. We also examine the differences
   between two TURF-reserve archetypes and find that those developed with a
   strong history of customary tenure share distinct qualities from those
   created in a more recently established, government-mandated system. (C)
   2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.gecco.2014.08.001}},
ISSN = {{2351-9894}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000416218800010}},
}

@article{ WOS:000353901100002,
Author = {Barney, Keith},
Title = {{Ecological Knowledge and the Making of Plantation Concession Territories
   in Southern Laos}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION \& SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{12}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{352-363}},
Month = {{OCT-DEC}},
Abstract = {{This paper examines how new forms of ecological knowledge are produced
   and mobilised through a sustainability-oriented, commercial tree
   plantation project in Lao PDR. As Gavin Bridge has noted, the
   establishment of primary resource sector projects are often not simply
   based upon a discursive emptying and erasure of local social and
   environmental histories. More nuanced forms of selective re-encoding,
   and performance can occur, incorporating what Maureen Sioh has called a
   ``reconfiguration and imaginative recuperation of the physical
   landscape.{''} In this case study, a commercial forestry company in Laos
   pays close attention to community environmental livelihood practices and
   local poverty indicators, and to the material remainders of the Second
   Indochina War embedded in the landscape. I argue that the production and
   circulation of new ecological knowledge through this project, and the
   interventions of new knowledge-actors in this area of the former Ho Chi
   Minh Trail zone of southern Laos, establishes a moral theatre of
   environmental sustainability and national development. The inscription
   and dissemination of new ecological and local knowledges can be
   understood as related to particular development-expert subjectivities in
   Laos. It is also connected to a competitive strategy employed by this
   company to gain access to concession land, within the broader context of
   non-scripted regulation and contested governance in Laoss plantation
   sector.}},
DOI = {{10.4103/0972-4923.155579}},
ISSN = {{0972-4923}},
EISSN = {{0975-3133}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Barney, Keith/0000-0001-5513-5066}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000353901100002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000342851300002,
Author = {Kareiva, Peter and Groves, Craig and Marvier, Michelle},
Title = {{The evolving linkage between conservation science and practice at The
   Nature Conservancy}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{51}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{1137-1147}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{1. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) was founded by ecologists as a United
   States land trust to purchase parcels of habitat for the purpose of
   scientific study. It has evolved into a global organization working in
   35 countries `to conserve the lands and waters on which all life
   depends'. TNC is now the world's largest conservation non-governmental
   organization (NGO), an early adopter of advances in ecological theory
   and a producer of new science as a result of practising conservation.
   2. The Nature Conservancy's initial scientific innovation was the use of
   distributional data for rare species and ecological communities to
   systematically target lands for conservation. This innovation later
   evolved into a more rigorous approach known as `Conservation by Design'
   that contained elements of systematic conservation planning, strategic
   planning and monitoring and evaluation.
   3. The next scientific transition at TNC was a move to landscape-scale
   projects, motivated by ideas from landscape ecology. Because the scale
   at which land could be set aside in areas untouched by humans fell far
   short of the spatial scale demanded by conservation, TNC became involved
   with best management practices for forestry, grazing, agriculture,
   hydropower and other land uses.
   4. A third scientific innovation at TNC came with the pursuit of
   multiobjective planning that accounts for economic and resource needs in
   the same plans that seek to protect biodiversity.
   5. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment prompted TNC to become
   increasingly concerned with ecosystem services and the material risk to
   people posed by ecosystem deterioration.
   6. Finally, because conservation depends heavily upon negotiation, TNC
   has recently recruited social scientists, economists and communication
   experts. One aspect still missing, however, is a solid scientific
   understanding of thresholds that should be averted.
   7. Synthesis and applications. Over its 60-plus year history, scientific
   advances have informed The Nature Conservancy (TNC)'s actions and
   strategies, and in turn the evolving practice of conservation has
   altered the type of science sought by TNC in order to maximize its
   conservation effectiveness.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.12259}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lobo, Diele/I-9106-2012}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000342851300002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000342851300022,
Author = {Lambert, Gwladys I. and Jennings, Simon and Kaiser, Michel J. and
   Davies, Thomas W. and Hiddink, Jan G.},
Title = {{Quantifying recovery rates and resilience of seabed habitats impacted by
   bottom fishing}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{51}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{1326-1336}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{1. The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries requires that managers take
   account of the environmental impacts of fishing. Towed bottom-fishing
   gears disturb seabed habitats and cause mortality of benthic
   invertebrates. Measurements of recovery rates of marine habitats after
   fishing disturbance can provide insight into spatial variations in
   resilience and may be used to assess the sustainability of these fishing
   impacts and inform the development of appropriate management strategies.
   2. To measure recovery on real fishing grounds at fishery-and
   management-relevant scales, we estimated the post-disturbance recovery
   rates of epifaunal marine benthic communities on coarse and hard
   substrata across >4000 km(2) of seabed where the patchy distribution of
   bottom fishing in space and time creates a mosaic of habitat patches at
   different stages of recovery.
   3. The history of fishing events at each location was described using
   satellite vessel monitoring system (VMS) data. Recovery rates were
   extrapolated from the relationship between time since the last fishing
   event and abundance of epifaunal benthic invertebrates with life-history
   traits that are expected to make them sensitive to fishing.
   4. Recovery of abundance of all species and functional groups (medium to
   medium-large size, medium to long life span, suspension feeding, high
   body flexibility and low mobility species) was estimated to take < 1 to
   > 10 years, depending on the group, with faster recovery in areas with
   faster tidal currents.
   5. The recovery of large species was faster when conspecifics were
   abundant within a radius of 6 km, suggesting an important role for
   maintaining local sources of recruits to repopulate impacted areas.
   6. Synthesis and applications. We used a new method to estimate the
   recovery rate of benthic communities and to describe spatial differences
   in sensitivity to fishing. Bottom fishing in areas that recover quickly
   will minimize overall impacts, while leaving unfished patches of seabed
   will enhance recovery rates in fished areas. We conclude that management
   plans which limit bottom trawls and dredge fisheries to more resilient
   areas and maintain unfished patches within these areas will minimize the
   collective impacts of a given amount of fishing effort on seabed
   habitats.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.12277}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Jennings, Simon/F-5085-2012
   Hiddink, Jan Geert/C-1238-2009
   Davies, Thomas W/H-8103-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Jennings, Simon/0000-0002-2390-7225
   Hiddink, Jan Geert/0000-0001-7114-830X
   Davies, Thomas W/0000-0002-4673-9893
   Kaiser, Michel Josef/0000-0001-8782-3621}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000342851300022}},
}

@article{ WOS:000339501100004,
Author = {Curtin, Charles G. and Parker, Jessica P.},
Title = {{Foundations of Resilience Thinking}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{28}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{912-923}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Through 3 broad and interconnected streams of thought, resilience
   thinking has influenced the science of ecology and natural resource
   management by generating new multidisciplinary approaches to
   environmental problem solving. Resilience science, adaptive management
   (AM), and ecological policy design (EPD) contributed to an
   internationally unified paradigm built around the realization that
   change is inevitable and that science and management must approach the
   world with this assumption, rather than one of stability. Resilience
   thinking treats actions as experiments to be learned from, rather than
   intellectual propositions to be defended or mistakes to be ignored. It
   asks what is novel and innovative and strives to capture the overall
   behavior of a system, rather than seeking static, precise outcomes from
   discrete action steps. Understanding the foundations of resilience
   thinking is an important building block for developing more holistic and
   adaptive approaches to conservation. We conducted a comprehensive review
   of the history of resilience thinking because resilience thinking
   provides a working context upon which more effective, synergistic, and
   systems-based conservation action can be taken in light of rapid and
   unpredictable change. Together, resilience science, AM, and EPD bridge
   the gaps between systems analysis, ecology, and resource management to
   provide an interdisciplinary approach to solving wicked problems.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/cobi.12321}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000339501100004}},
}

@article{ WOS:000339485200002,
Author = {Ibanez, Beatriz and Ibanez, Ines and Gomez-Aparicio, Lorena and
   Ruiz-Benito, Paloma and Garcia, Luis V. and Maranon, Teodoro},
Title = {{Contrasting effects of climate change along life stages of a dominant
   tree species: the importance of soil-climate interactions}},
Journal = {{DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{20}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{872-883}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Aim For tree species, adult survival and seedling and sapling
   recruitment dynamics are the main processes that determine forest
   structure and composition. Thus, studying how these two life stages may
   be affected by climate change in the context of other abiotic and biotic
   variables is critical to understand future population trends. The aim of
   this study was to assess the sustainability of cork oak (Quercus suber)
   forests at the core of its distributional range under future climatic
   conditions.
   Location Southern Spain.
   Methods Using forest inventory data collected at two periods 10 years
   apart, we performed a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the role of
   different abiotic and biotic factors on adult survival and recruitment
   patterns.
   Results We found that both life stages were influenced by climatic
   conditions, but in different ways. Adult tree survival was negatively
   impacted by warmer spring temperatures, while recruitment was positively
   affected by warmer winter temperatures. Our results also revealed the
   importance of soil texture as a modulator of winter precipitation
   effects on adult survival. With higher winter precipitation, adult
   survival increased in sandy soils and decreased in clayish soils.
   Therefore, under predicted future climate scenarios of wetter winters
   and warmer temperatures, the presence of cork oaks is more likely to
   occur in sandy soils vs. clayish soils. Biotic conditions also affected
   these life stages. We found a negative effect of heterospecific but not
   conspecific trees on both adult survival and seedling recruitment.
   Main conclusions Overall, the sustainability of the studied forests will
   be highly dependent not only on future climatic trends, but also on
   their interaction with other key factors - soil properties in particular
   - that modulate the effects of climate on demographic rates.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/ddi.12193}},
ISSN = {{1366-9516}},
EISSN = {{1472-4642}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ruiz-Benito, Paloma/E-5833-2012
   Maranon, Teodoro/K-6648-2014
   Gomez-Aparicio, Lorena/K-6905-2014
   Garcia, Luis V./A-4252-2008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Ruiz-Benito, Paloma/0000-0002-2781-5870
   Maranon, Teodoro/0000-0002-7751-9316
   Garcia, Luis V./0000-0002-5514-2941}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000339485200002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000337972400012,
Author = {McGough, H. Noel and Kikodze, David and Wilford, Richard and Garrett,
   Lucy and Deisadze, Grigol and Jaworska, Natalie and Smith, Matthew J.},
Title = {{Assessing non-detrimental trade for a CITES Appendix II-listed plant
   species: the status of wild and cultivated Galanthus woronowii in
   Georgia}},
Journal = {{ORYX}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{48}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{345-353}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{A process for the review of significant trade in species listed in CITES
   Appendix II was established to address problems with the application of
   CITES Article IV. Article IV states that international trade in Appendix
   II species requires a Scientific Authority of the state of export to
   determine that such trade will not be detrimental to the species'
   survival in the wild. Such a review process was initiated for the plant
   species Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. as a result of continuing
   uncertainty over the sustainability of international exports of the
   plant from wild populations in Georgia, and the Georgian Management
   Authority was tasked with determining and reporting whether export
   levels conformed to Article IV. Here we report on the project that was
   established to address that task. Nationwide field surveys conducted in
   2009 led to the recommendation of a conservative annual export quota of
   15 million plants for the sites surveyed. Cultivated populations held
   significant stocks of harvestable plants but with varied cultivation
   histories, especially in relation to the extent and nature of
   supplementary planting. Future work should continue to monitor
   harvesting from wild populations and identify solutions for local
   communities wishing to cultivate the plant for international trade.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0030605313000082}},
ISSN = {{0030-6053}},
EISSN = {{1365-3008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Smith, Matthew/0000-0002-5401-1763}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000337972400012}},
}

@article{ WOS:000339014900001,
Author = {d'Avigdor, Elizabeth and Wohlmuth, Hans and Asfaw, Zemede and Awas,
   Tesfaye},
Title = {{The current status of knowledge of herbal medicine and medicinal plants
   in Fiche, Ethiopia}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{10}},
Month = {{MAY 6}},
Abstract = {{Background: A majority of Ethiopians rely on traditional medicine as
   their primary form of health care, yet they are in danger of losing both
   their knowledge and the plants they have used as medicines for
   millennia. This study, conducted in the rural town of Fiche in Ethiopia,
   was undertaken with the support of Southern Cross University (SCU)
   Australia, Addis Ababa University (AAU) Ethiopia, and the Ethiopian
   Institute of Biodiversity (EIB), Ethiopia. The aim of this study, which
   included an ethnobotanical survey, was to explore the maintenance of
   tradition in the passing on of knowledge, the current level of knowledge
   about medicinal herbs and whether there is awareness and concern about
   the potential loss of both herbal knowledge and access to traditional
   medicinal plants.
   Methods: This study was conducted using an oral history framework with
   focus groups, unstructured and semi-structured interviews,
   field-walk/discussion sessions, and a market survey. Fifteen people were
   selected via purposeful and snowball sampling. Analysis was undertaken
   using a grounded theory methodology.
   Results: Fourteen lay community members and one professional herbalist
   provided information about 73 medicinal plants used locally. An
   ethnobotanical survey was performed and voucher specimens of 53 of the
   plants, representing 33 families, were collected and deposited at the
   EIB Herbarium. The community members are knowledgeable about recognition
   of medicinal plants and their usage to treat common ailments, and they
   continue to use herbs to treat sickness as they have in the past. A
   willingness to share knowledge was demonstrated by both the professional
   herbalist and lay informants. Participants are aware of the threat to
   the continued existence of the plants and the knowledge about their use,
   and showed willingness to take steps to address the situation.
   Conclusion: There is urgent need to document the valuable knowledge of
   medicinal herbs in Ethiopia. Ethnobotanical studies are imperative, and
   concomitant sustainable programmes that support the sustainability of
   herbal medicine traditions may be considered as a way to collect and
   disseminate information thereby supporting communities in their efforts
   to maintain their heritage. This study contributes to the documentation
   of the status of current traditional herbal knowledge in Ethiopia.}},
DOI = {{10.1186/1746-4269-10-38}},
Article-Number = {{38}},
ISSN = {{1746-4269}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Asfaw, Zemede/AAD-5164-2019}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000339014900001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000333762300008,
Author = {Chavarro, S. Bejarano and Mumby, P. J. and Golbuu, Y.},
Title = {{Changes in the spear fishery of herbivores associated with closed
   grouper season in Palau, Micronesia}},
Journal = {{ANIMAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{133-143}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Several species of coral reef herbivorous fish and groupers (Serranidae)
   are among the main targets of Micronesian spearfishers. Since 1994, a
   closed season (April-July) protects spawning aggregations of five
   grouper species in Palau, and, although this regulation may affect
   fishers targeting behaviour towards herbivores and increase their catch
   levels, the extent of these effects was previously unknown. This study
   conducted market surveys and interviews to examine if the closed grouper
   season in 2009 had any effect on herbivore spearfishing catches, or
   caused changes in the targeting behaviour of fishers. Catch volumes of
   the most desirable herbivores were unaffected by the grouper season, but
   the catch per unit effort of herbivores regularly caught
   opportunistically (i.e. if seen) or avoided raised by 45\% during the
   grouper closure. The size composition of the catch of the bluespine
   unicornfish Naso unicornis during the grouper closure was significantly
   skewed to smaller sized fish due to the high proportion of immature
   individuals. Further investigation is required to clarify whether this
   pattern emerged because fishers had relaxed size selectivity during the
   closure or due to a paucity of adults in July. Fifty-seven per cent of
   the interviewed fishers indicated that while groupers would be their
   first choice during open season, N. unicornis would become their
   preferred target during the closure, and that other herbivores were also
   more likely to be targeted. This study took an important step in
   identifying a factor driving short and acute changes in the herbivore
   catch composition. Further efforts should be directed to quantify the
   ecological implications of the observed changes and determine if these
   are aggravated by the life-history traits or functional roles of the
   focal species. Relaxed species selectivity might emerge elsewhere, if
   inherently selective fishing methods are used and highly prized targets
   are temporarily or permanently banned, or overfished to critical levels.
   Such implications should be considered when assessing the sustainability
   of local fisheries.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/acv.12066}},
ISSN = {{1367-9430}},
EISSN = {{1469-1795}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bejarano, Sonia/S-3770-2019
   Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Bejarano, Sonia/0000-0001-6451-6354
   Mumby, Peter/0000-0002-6297-9053}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000333762300008}},
}

@article{ WOS:000326387800057,
Author = {Chan, Jackie T. and Appleyard, Sharon A. and Sherwin, William B. and
   Taylor, Matthew D.},
Title = {{Novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for the eastern king prawn,
   Penaeus (Melicertus) plebejus}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{5}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{1125-1128}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Eastern king prawn, Penaeus (Melicertus) plebejus, is an endemic
   Australian species which is heavily exploited both commercially and
   recreationally in estuaries and in offshore trawl fisheries across
   several jurisdictions. P. plebejus shows extensive movement throughout
   the known distribution range during various life history stages
   (Montgomery et al. in Fish Res 80:80-87, 2007). It is currently unknown
   whether there is a full migration throughout the species range, or
   step-wise migration, and identifying the origins of important spawning
   populations remains as a challenge. We report 20 high resolution
   microsatellite markers, to address such questions and assist
   conservation planning for long-term sustainability.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s12686-013-9972-y}},
ISSN = {{1877-7252}},
EISSN = {{1877-7260}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Taylor, Matthew/C-4833-2008
   Appleyard, Sharon/AAJ-9942-2020
   appleyard, sharon/D-6076-2012
   Sherwin, William B B/C-3432-2008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Appleyard, Sharon/0000-0002-3105-1690
   appleyard, sharon/0000-0002-3105-1690
   Sherwin, William B B/0000-0002-1578-8473}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000326387800057}},
}

@article{ WOS:000330369300005,
Author = {Moore, J. E. and Curtis, K. A. and Lewison, R. L. and Dillingham, P. W.
   and Cope, J. M. and Fordham, S. V. and Heppell, S. S. and Pardo, S. A.
   and Simpfendorfer, C. A. and Tuck, G. N. and Zhou, S.},
Title = {{Evaluating sustainability of fisheries bycatch mortality for marine
   megafauna: a review of conservation reference points for data-limited
   populations}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{40}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{329-344}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Fisheries bycatch threatens populations of marine megafaunasuch as
   marinemammals, turtles, seabirds, sharks and rays, but fisheries impacts
   on nontarget populations are often difficult to assess due to factors
   such as data limitation, poorly defined management objectives and lack
   of quantitative bycatch reduction targets. Limit reference points can be
   used to address these issues and thereby facilitate adoption and
   implementation of mitigation efforts. Reference points based on catch
   data and life history analysis can identify sustainability limits for
   bycatch with respect to defined population goals even when data are
   quite limited. This can expedite assessments for large numbers of
   species and enable prioritization of management actions based on
   mitigation urgency and efficacy. This paper reviews limit reference
   point estimators for marine megafauna bycatch, with the aim of
   highlighting their utility in fisheries management and promoting best
   practices for use. Different estimators share a common basic structure
   that can be flexibly applied to different contexts depending on species
   life history and available data types. Information on demographic vital
   rates and abundance is required; of these, abundance is the most
   data-dependent and thus most limiting factor for application. There are
   different approaches for handling management risk stemming from
   uncertainty in reference point and bycatch estimates. Risk tolerance can
   be incorporated explicitly into the reference point estimator itself, or
   probability distributions may be used to describe uncertainties in
   bycatch and reference point estimates, and risk tolerance may guide how
   those are factored into the management process. Either approach requires
   simulation-based performance testing such as management strategy
   evaluation to ensure that management objectives can be achieved.
   Factoring potential sources of bias into such evaluations is critical.
   This paper reviews the technical, operational, and political challenges
   to widespread application of reference points formanagement of marine
   megafauna bycatch, while emphasizing the importance of developing
   assessment frameworks that can facilitate sustainable fishing practices.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S037689291300012X}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
EISSN = {{1469-4387}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pardo, Sebastian A./H-3259-2019
   Simpfendorfer, Colin A/G-9681-2011
   Zhou, Shijie/A-1886-2010
   Dillingham, Peter/B-3972-2014
   Dillingham, Peter/AAC-6856-2022
   Tuck, Geoffrey/E-2356-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Pardo, Sebastian A./0000-0002-4147-5796
   Simpfendorfer, Colin A/0000-0002-0295-2238
   Zhou, Shijie/0000-0002-9358-1013
   Dillingham, Peter/0000-0001-6302-3275
   Dillingham, Peter/0000-0001-6302-3275
   Tuck, Geoffrey/0000-0002-3640-6147
   Curtis, Katherine Alexandra/0000-0001-7284-944X}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000330369300005}},
}

@article{ WOS:000325824800002,
Author = {Kumaraswamy, S. and Kunte, K.},
Title = {{Integrating biodiversity and conservation with modern agricultural
   landscapes}},
Journal = {{BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{12}},
Pages = {{2735-2750}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{To achieve food security and meet the demands of the ever-growing human
   populations, farming systems have assumed unsustainable practices to
   produce more from a finite land area. This has been cause for concern
   mainly due to the often-irreversible damage done to the otherwise
   productive agricultural landscapes. Agro-ecology is proclaimed to be
   deteriorating due to eroding integrity of connected ecological mosaics
   and vulnerability to climate change. This has contributed to declining
   species diversity, loss of buffer vegetation, fragmentation of habitats,
   and loss of natural pollinators or predators, which eventually leads to
   decline in ecosystem services. Currently, a hierarchy of conservation
   initiatives is being considered to restore ecological integrity of
   agricultural landscapes. However, the challenge of identifying a
   suitable conservation strategy is a daunting task in view of
   socio-ecological factors that may constrain the choice of available
   strategies. One way to mitigate this situation and integrate
   biodiversity with agricultural landscapes is to implement offset
   mechanisms, which are compensatory and balancing approaches to restore
   the ecological health and function of an ecosystem. This needs to be
   tailored to the history of location specific agricultural practices, and
   the social, ecological and environmental conditions. The offset
   mechanisms can complement other initiatives through which farmers are
   insured against landscape-level risks such as droughts, fire and floods.
   For countries in the developing world with significant biodiversity and
   extensive agriculture, we should promote a comprehensive model of
   sustainable agricultural landscapes and ecosystem services, replicable
   at landscape to regional scales. Arguably, the model can be a potential
   option to sustain the integrity of biodiversity mosaic in agricultural
   landscapes.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10531-013-0562-9}},
ISSN = {{0960-3115}},
EISSN = {{1572-9710}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000325824800002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000331590800006,
Author = {Reed, Maureen G. and Massie, Merle M.},
Title = {{Embracing Ecological Learning and Social Learning: UNESCO Biosphere
   Reserves as Exemplars of Changing Conservation Practices}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION \& SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{391-405}},
Month = {{OCT-DEC}},
Abstract = {{Biosphere reserves were first created in 1976 to help scientists,
   managers, and communities better understand how to conserve biodiversity
   and improve human-environment interactions. Since then, biosphere
   reserves have evolved from a primary focus on ecological learning to a
   broader orientation that includes social learning. The purpose of this
   paper is to trace how this shift became intertwined with changing
   expectations about the purpose and philosophy, criteria for site
   selection, and assessment of effectiveness of biosphere reserves as
   exemplars of conservation and sustainable development. Drawing on
   academic reports, policy and other archived documents from the
   international and Canadian programs, and interviews of key participants,
   this paper examines how international priorities changed and became
   expressed on the ground in designation processes and research practices
   of Canadian biosphere reserves. Our research indicates that social
   dimensions of learning have been added to earlier ecological objectives.
   This addition has had a dual impact. While laudably broadening
   perspectives on research, learning, and learners to include social
   scientists and local people more effectively, a heightened emphasis on
   social dimensions has increased the complexity of anticipated outcomes
   tied to governance and social goals. Biosphere reserves must now
   establish research and management approaches that encompass both
   ecological and social dimensions of learning reflecting collaborative
   and interdisciplinary research and practice that include local
   perspectives and assessment goals. These changes may require improved
   clarity for determining where future biosphere reserves should be
   created and how they should be managed.}},
DOI = {{10.4103/0972-4923.125755}},
ISSN = {{0972-4923}},
EISSN = {{0975-3133}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Massie, Merle/0000-0001-6009-6866}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000331590800006}},
}

@article{ WOS:000324110200012,
Author = {Crawford, Thomas W. and Marcucci, Daniel J. and Bennett, Andrew},
Title = {{Impacts of residential development on vegetation cover for a remote
   coastal barrier in the Outer Banks of North Carolina, USA}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{431-443}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Coastal barrier environments are heavily influenced by human activities
   yet there are few examples of landscape ecological work investigating
   human dimensions of settlement disturbance patterns and processes. We
   investigated the impacts of residential development on vegetation cover
   for a remote roadless coastal barrier in Carova, North Carolina that is
   subject to policies from the federal to local levels and addressed three
   research questions: How has the region's the policy history influenced
   patterns of residential parcel development? What are the spatial and
   temporal patterns of parcel development? How has development impacted
   patterns of barrier vegetation cover? We traced the influences of the
   federal 1982 Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) designed to discourage
   development in risky coastal areas as well as state/local coastal
   policies and employed remote sensing change detection, NDVI analysis and
   spatial analysis and regression techniques. Results showed an
   acceleration of new housing structures since 1990, contrary to the
   intended effects of CBRA. An estimated vegetation cover loss of 437 m(2)
   was associated with each newly developed parcel. NDVI varied along
   spatial and temporal gradients with more recent development having lower
   NDVI than older development. Recently developed parcels were larger in
   area, closer to the beach, and contained houses with larger footprints
   compared to older developed parcels. Our approach represents a
   place-based analytical framework for coastal barrier landscapes. Beyond
   the Carova case study, adopting such an approach coupling natural and
   human systems for the entire eastern US barrier system requires defining
   a comprehensive set of coastal barrier spatial units to enable
   typological classification and subsequent systematic investigation to
   inform debates regarding coastal ecosystem services and sustainability.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s11852-013-0241-8}},
ISSN = {{1400-0350}},
EISSN = {{1874-7841}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000324110200012}},
}

@article{ WOS:000319792400010,
Author = {Birck, C. and Epaillard, I. and Leccia, M. -F. and Crassous, C. and
   Morand, A. and Miaud, C. and Bertrand, C. and Cavalli, L. and Jacquet,
   S. and Moullec, P. and Bonnet, R. and Sagot, C. and Franquet, E. and
   Nellier, Y. M. and Perga, M. E. and Coffin, N. and Pignol, C. and Malet,
   E. and Naffrechoux, E. and Giguet-Covex, C. and Jouffroy-Bapicot, I. and
   Etienne, D. and Millet, L. and Sabatier, P. and Wilhelm, B. and Perren,
   B. and Arnaud, F.},
Title = {{Sentinel lakes: a network for the study and management of mountain lakes
   in the French Alps and in Corsica}},
Journal = {{ECO MONT-JOURNAL ON PROTECTED MOUNTAIN AREAS RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{5}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{63-69}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{High-altitude lakes are vulnerable ecosystems that require protection
   and sustainability management, although their overall functioning is
   still poorly understood. In France protected area managers and
   scientists are cooperating to address this problem. Their results show
   the huge diversity of these altitude lakes and imply specificities in
   their functioning and in the way they respond to stressors.
   Multidisciplinary studies on these ecosystems, on their individual
   history and the stressors they face, need to be developed in a number of
   lakes, alongside long-term monitoring surveys. This is the objective of
   the Sentinel lakes network.}},
ISSN = {{2073-106X}},
EISSN = {{2073-1558}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Jacquet, Stephan/AAJ-7846-2021
   Arnaud, Fabien/F-7003-2012
   Jurassien, LTER Jurassian Arc Zone atelier Arc/C-1946-2016
   Sabatier, Pierre/F-4250-2010
   Pignol, cecile/AAC-2872-2020
   Millet, Laurent/F-8730-2014
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Jacquet, Stephan/0000-0001-6017-3892
   Arnaud, Fabien/0000-0002-8706-9902
   Sabatier, Pierre/0000-0002-9620-1514
   Pignol, cecile/0000-0003-4411-8898
   Perren, Bianca/0000-0001-6089-6468
   Perga, Marie-Elodie/0000-0002-9003-0769
   Naffrechoux, Emmanuel/0000-0003-0931-4068
   Jouffroy-Bapicot, Isabelle/0000-0001-5920-7565}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000319792400010}},
}

@article{ WOS:000319399600016,
Author = {Chapple, Taylor K. and Botsford, Louis W.},
Title = {{A Comparison of Linear Demographic Models and Fraction of Lifetime Egg
   Production for Assessing Sustainability in Sharks}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{27}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{560-568}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Conventional methods for management of data-rich fisheries maintain
   sustainable populations by assuring that lifetime reproduction is
   adequate for individuals to replace themselves and accounting for
   density-dependent recruitment. Fishing is not allowed to reduce relative
   lifetime reproduction, the fraction of current egg production relative
   to unfished egg production (FLEP), below a sustainable level. Because
   most shark fisheries are data poor, other representations of persistence
   status have been used, including linear demographic models, which
   incorporate life-history characteristics in age-structured models with
   no density dependence. We tested how well measures of sustainability
   from 3 linear demographic methods (rebound potential, stochastic growth
   rate, and potential population increase) reflect actual population
   persistence by comparing values of these measures with FLEP for 26 shark
   species. We also calculated the value of fishing mortality (F) that
   would allow all 26 species to maintain an accepted precautionary
   threshold for sharks of FLEP = 60\%, expressing F as a fraction of
   natural mortality (M). Values of stochastic growth rate and potential
   population growth did not covary in rank order with FLEP (p = 0.057 and
   p = 0.077, respectively) and neither was significantly correlated with
   FLEP. Ordinal ranking of rebound potential positively covaried with FLEP
   (p = 0.00013), but the relative rankings of some species were
   substantially out of order. Adopting a sustainable limit of F = 0.16M
   would maintain all 26 species above the precautionary minimum value of
   FLEP (60\%). We concluded that shark-fishery and conservation policies
   should rely on calculation of replacement (i.e., FLEP), and that sharks
   should be fished at a precautionary level that would protect all stocks
   (i.e., F< 0.16M).}},
DOI = {{10.1111/cobi.12053}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000319399600016}},
}

@article{ WOS:000319703600012,
Author = {Heide-Jorgensen, M. P. and Richard, P. R. and Dietz, R. and Laidre, K.
   L.},
Title = {{A metapopulation model for Canadian and West Greenland narwhals}},
Journal = {{ANIMAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{16}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{331-343}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{A model of the metapopulation structure of narwhals Monodon monoceros in
   Baffin Bay, Hudson Bay and adjacent waters is proposed based on
   satellite telemetry data collected over two decades from six coastal
   aggregations of narwhals in the eastern Canadian high Arctic, Hudson Bay
   and West Greenland. In addition, data on seasonal catches of narwhals in
   11 Inuit communities are used to provide information on the occurrence
   of narwhals. The tracking data suggest that disjunct summer aggregations
   of narwhals are, to some extent, demographically independent
   subpopulations, with minimal or no exchange with other summering
   aggregations. We propose that these should be considered separate stocks
   for management purposes. Year-round satellite tracking of individuals
   demonstrates that whales return to the same summering areas the
   following year, suggesting inter-annual site fidelity. We propose that
   the narwhals in Canada constitute five separate stocks, with limited
   exchange between three of the stocks. Coastal summer aggregations in
   Greenland constitute two stocks in addition to two fall and winter
   aggregations supplied by narwhals from several summering areas. Several
   narwhal stocks mix on the wintering areas in Baffin Bay, but the
   metapopulation structure is likely maintained through a combination of
   life-history traits and migratory routes, as mating most likely occurs
   after the initiation of the return migration toward summering areas. The
   metapopulation structure in Baffin Bay narwhals will be impacted
   differentially by Inuit subsistence hunting, depending on the migratory
   schedule of narwhals and dates at which whales occur in different
   seasonal hunting areas. It is therefore important to identify which
   narwhal stocks contribute to which subsistence hunts in order to assess
   the sustainability of those hunts. This paper proposes a preliminary
   stock model for this purpose.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/acv.12000}},
ISSN = {{1367-9430}},
EISSN = {{1469-1795}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015
   Dietz, Rune/L-4640-2013}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Dietz, Rune/0000-0001-9652-317X
   }},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000319703600012}},
}

@article{ WOS:000314520500019,
Author = {Rivrud, Inger Maren and Sonkoly, Krisztina and Lehoczki, Robert and
   Csanyi, Sandor and Storvik, Geir Olve and Mysterud, Atle},
Title = {{Hunter selection and long-term trend (1881-2008) of red deer trophy
   sizes in Hungary}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{50}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{168-180}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Human harvesting has a large impact on natural populations and may cause
   undesirable life-history changes. In wild ungulate populations,
   unrestricted trophy hunting may cause strong selection pressures
   resulting in evolutionary change towards smaller trophies. It has rarely
   been tested how harvesting selection varies in space and time, and
   whether directional hunter selection is sufficiently strong to induce
   long-term decreases in trophy size in century-scale data. We analysed
   two unique data sets of harvesting records spanning decade (19732008)
   and century scales (18812008) to identify changes in trophy size and how
   harvesting selection varies in space and time in red deer Cervus
   elaphus. We contrasted predictions from the trophy-hunting depletion,
   the restricted trophy hunting and the hunting pressure hypotheses.
   Foreign hunters selected older and larger males than local hunters, but
   selection patterns for age-specific trophy size between counties and
   over time were dynamic. Patterns of red deer trophy size development
   from exhibitions (representing the upper tail' of antler sizes) were
   remarkably similar across Hungary from 1881 to 2008. A weak decline in
   trophy size between 1881 and 1958 was followed by a strong increase in
   trophy size between 1958 and 1974, culminating in a period of stable
   antler tine numbers and a weak decline in beam length until 2008. We
   rejected the trophy hunting depletion hypothesis due to the increase in
   trophy size after a period of decline; patterns were most consistent
   with the hunting pressure hypothesis. Large increases in trophy size
   during 19581974 were likely due to a relief in hunting pressure due to
   implementation of strict management regulations allowing stags to grow
   old after the massive overharvesting during World War II, but we cannot
   exclude impacts from environmental factors, and that data from trophy
   exhibitions may underestimate trends. Synthesis and applications. Trophy
   hunting does not necessarily lead to a non-reversible decline in trophy
   size, even over century-long time-scales. To ensure sustainable trophy
   hunting management, we need to consider factors such as spatial and
   temporal refuges, compensatory culling, saving stags until prime-age
   culmination and higher prices for larger trophies.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.12004}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mysterud, Atle/AAQ-2864-2020
   Rivrud, Inger Maren/A-5452-2013
   Csanyi, Sandor/F-5320-2010
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Mysterud, Atle/0000-0001-8993-7382
   Rivrud, Inger Maren/0000-0002-9778-7422
   Csanyi, Sandor/0000-0001-7757-7156
   Storvik, Geir Olve/0000-0001-8198-1426}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000314520500019}},
}

@article{ WOS:000314267700007,
Author = {White, J. and Heupel, M. R. and Simpfendorfer, C. A. and Tobin, A. J.},
Title = {{Shark-like batoids in Pacific fisheries: prevalence and conservation
   concerns}},
Journal = {{ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2013}},
Volume = {{19}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{277-284}},
Abstract = {{Shark-like batoids are a group of elasmobranchs with a body form similar
   to that of sharks (i.e. elongate body, well developed caudal and dorsal
   fins, and head, gill and mouth morphology similar to that of skates and
   sting rays). Despite a poor understanding of their biology, ecology and
   resilience to fishing, shark-like batoids are known to have been heavily
   exploited throughout the Indo-Pacific. Between 2007 and 2009, we
   recorded the occurrence of shark-like batoid species in the inshore
   gillnet fishery of Queensland (Australia) across 2 habitat types.
   Glaucostegus typus and Anoxypristis cuspidata were most frequently
   caught in intertidal habitats, whereas Rhynchobatus spp. dominated the
   catch in inshore coastal habitats. Comparison of gillnet catches to
   research longline sampling showed that not all size classes of
   shark-like batoids are captured by the gillnet fishery. Given that
   home-range size and habitat use by elasmobanchs can change between
   ontogenetic stages and species, vulnerability to fisheries may vary
   depending on overlap of preferred habitats and fishing activity and
   whether each size class is susceptible to the gear. Gillnets are highly
   selective for certain sizes classes; therefore, knowledge of which sizes
   and thus which life-history stages are susceptible is necessary to
   effectively regulate the use of this type of fishing gear. Understanding
   the occurrence and availability of shark-like batoid species to fishing
   activities and their contribution as bycatch/by-products in fisheries is
   critical to management and conservation of these species.}},
DOI = {{10.3354/esr00473}},
ISSN = {{1863-5407}},
EISSN = {{1613-4796}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Simpfendorfer, Colin A/G-9681-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Simpfendorfer, Colin A/0000-0002-0295-2238
   Heupel, Michelle/0000-0002-8245-7332}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000314267700007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000310798400004,
Author = {Robinson, John G.},
Title = {{Common and Conflicting Interests in the Engagements between Conservation
   Organizations and Corporations}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{26}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{967-977}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{The conservation community increasingly views the corporate sector as a
   positive force for conservation. Collaborations between corporations and
   nongovernmental conservation organizations (NGOs) seek to mitigate the
   negative effects of corporate activities and augment positive
   conservation outcomes. I reviewed the establishment of corporate social
   responsibility (CSR) policies by corporations; the emerging focus on
   environmental practices and sustainability; and the history of
   engagement between corporations and nongovernmental organizations. I
   considered the ethical and reputation vulnerabilities of these
   collaborations, which depend especially on the financial nature of the
   relationship and reviewed how CSR approaches have influenced corporate
   practices. I concluded that whereas CSR practices can act to mitigate
   negative environmental impact, to date they have had limited positive
   effect on biodiversity conservation.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01914.x}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Robinson, John/0000-0002-5827-6312}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000310798400004}},
}

@article{ WOS:000309856500001,
Author = {Low, Tim},
Title = {{Australian acacias: weeds or useful trees?}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{14}},
Number = {{11}},
Pages = {{2217-2227}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{By promoting Australian acacias to the developing world, aid and
   development agencies are failing to learn from the mistakes made with
   mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas)-two plants
   with weedy attributes that have done more harm than good when promoted
   in Africa as aid. The belief in ``miracle{''} plants that can lift
   people quickly out of poverty is problematical, because such plants have
   the attributes of weeds-vigorous growth in degraded conditions-and often
   escape human control, degrading rather than improving land. Other
   problems are costs that are less obvious than benefits, discounting of
   the future, and a belief that anything green is good. The main
   biological problem with Australian acacias is copious crops of
   long-lived seeds which make eradication very difficult, binding future
   generations to acacia-dominated landscapes. Drawing on papers presented
   at a workshop on Australian acacias as introduced species around the
   world held at Stellenbosch University, I examine the different
   perceptions of Australian acacias by invasion biologists and the aid and
   development community. The latter has redefined ``sustainability{''} to
   give it social rather than ecological goals. To manage Australian
   acacias sustainably, precautionary risk assessment should take
   precedence over adaptive management, because mistakes are often
   irreversible and can take many decades to become obvious.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10530-012-0243-8}},
ISSN = {{1387-3547}},
EISSN = {{1573-1464}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000309856500001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000309856500003,
Author = {Low, Tim},
Title = {{In Denial about dangerous aid}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{14}},
Number = {{11}},
Pages = {{2235-2236}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{While agreeing that plants promoted by the aid and development community
   have a history of causing problems, Kull and Tassin (Biol Invasions,
   2012) argue that no reform is needed, and misrepresent my precautionary
   position. Human suffering will escalate unless agroforestry crops,
   including Australian acacias, are treated with more caution.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10530-012-0264-3}},
ISSN = {{1387-3547}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000309856500003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000308573400003,
Author = {Clark, Malcolm R. and Dunn, Matthew R.},
Title = {{Spatial management of deep-sea seamount fisheries: balancing sustainable
   exploitation and habitat conservation}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{39}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{204-214}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Seamounts throughout the world's oceans can support diverse and abundant
   fish communities. Many have been subject to commercial deep-sea bottom
   trawl fisheries and have exhibited `boom and bust' characteristics.
   There is growing concern about the effect of fishing on fragile and
   vulnerable benthic invertebrate species. This review examines why
   deep-sea fisheries have generally failed, and recommends measures that
   are necessary to improve their sustainability. Much is based on lessons
   learned in the south-west Pacific that may be more generally applicable
   to global deep-sea fisheries. Sustainable fisheries require highly
   precautionary feature-based catch limits, and credible and timely stock
   assessment advice. Management also needs to consider fishing impacts on
   the benthic habitat, and while reducing and spreading fishing effort on
   seamounts is beneficial for fish stocks, it can have a negative effect
   on the benthos. To balance exploitation and conservation, elements of
   spatial management are required, whereby some seamounts are protected
   before any fishing has occurred. Protected areas should include entire
   seamounts, and multiple seamounts in a network. A management regime
   should incorporate closed seamounts, open seamounts for fishing, and
   management of adjacent slope areas where these are important for the
   productivity of fish and invertebrate populations.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0376892912000021}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
EISSN = {{1469-4387}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000308573400003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000209333200012,
Author = {Hanisch, Shauna L. and Riley, Shawn J. and Nelson, Michael P.},
Title = {{Promoting Wildlife Health or Fighting Wildlife Disease: Insights From
   History, Philosophy, and Science}},
Journal = {{WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{36}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{477-482}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Although healthy wildlife populations are often a goal of wildlife
   management, ambiguity over the meaning of the term health may limit its
   effectiveness in guiding management objectives. Health is a complex
   concept with empirical and normative qualities; if it is to convey more
   than simply metaphorical value in wildlife conservation, clearer
   articulation of the meaning of wildlife health is needed. We provide a
   brief overview of the evolution of wildlife disease and health
   management; we discuss important philosophical themes relevant to
   developing a clarified understanding of wildlife health; and we share
   perspectives on wildlife health and disease from a Delphi exercise
   involving North American wildlife health professionals. The Delphi group
   conceptualized wildlife health as a multidisciplinary concept marked
   predominantly by population sustainability and resilience. Disease was
   considered to be a specific abnormal condition that is a part of the
   broader concept of health. We suggest improved integration of the
   descriptive and normative elements of wildlife health and greater
   inclusion of societal values in developing wildlife health objectives as
   a means to broaden the scope and effectiveness of wildlife health
   management. (C) 2012 The Wildlife Society.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/wsb.163}},
ISSN = {{1938-5463}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000209333200012}},
}

@article{ WOS:000305512500001,
Author = {Wheeler, Q. D. and Knapp, S. and Stevenson, D. W. and Stevenson, J. and
   Blum, S. D. and Boom, B. M. and Borisy, G. G. and Buizer, J. L. and De
   Carvalho, M. R. and Cibrian, A. and Donoghue, M. J. and Doyle, V. and
   Gerson, E. M. and Graham, C. H. and Graves, P. and Graves, S. J. and
   Guralnick, R. P. and Hamilton, A. L. and Hanken, J. and Law, W. and
   Lipscomb, D. L. and Lovejoy, T. E. and Miller, H. and Miller, J. S. and
   Naeem, S. and Novacek, M. J. and Page, L. M. and Platnick, N. I. and
   Porter-Morgan, H. and Raven, P. H. and Solis, M. A. and Valdecasas, A.
   G. and Van Der Leeuw, S. and Vasco, A. and Vermeulen, N. and Vogel, J.
   and Walls, R. L. and Wilson, E. O. and Woolley, J. B.},
Title = {{Mapping the biosphere: exploring species to understand the origin,
   organization and sustainability of biodiversity}},
Journal = {{SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY}},
Year = {{2012}},
Volume = {{10}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{1-20}},
Abstract = {{The time is ripe for a comprehensive mission to explore and document
   Earth's species. This calls for a campaign to educate and inspire the
   next generation of professional and citizen species explorers,
   investments in cyber-infrastructure and collections to meet the unique
   needs of the producers and consumers of taxonomic information, and the
   formation and coordination of a multi-institutional, international,
   transdisciplinary community of researchers, scholars and engineers with
   the shared objective of creating a comprehensive inventory of species
   and detailed map of the biosphere. We conclude that an ambitious goal to
   describe 10 million species in less than 50 years is attainable based on
   the strength of 250 years of progress, worldwide collections, existing
   experts, technological innovation and collaborative teamwork. Existing
   digitization projects are overcoming obstacles of the past, facilitating
   collaboration and mobilizing literature, data, images and specimens
   through cyber technologies. Charting the biosphere is enormously
   complex, yet necessary expertise can be found through partnerships with
   engineers, information scientists, sociologists, ecologists, climate
   scientists, conservation biologists, industrial project managers and
   taxon specialists, from agrostologists to zoophytologists. Benefits to
   society of the proposed mission would be profound, immediate and
   enduring, from detection of early responses of flora and fauna to
   climate change to opening access to evolutionary designs for solutions
   to countless practical problems. The impacts on the biodiversity,
   environmental and evolutionary sciences would be transformative, from
   ecosystem models calibrated in detail to comprehensive understanding of
   the origin and evolution of life over its 3.8 billion year history. The
   resultant cyber-enabled taxonomy, or cybertaxonomy, would open access to
   biodiversity data to developing nations, assure access to reliable data
   about species, and change how scientists and citizens alike access, use
   and think about biological diversity information.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/14772000.2012.665095}},
ISSN = {{1477-2000}},
EISSN = {{1478-0933}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Miller, Holly/AAC-3219-2019
   Hanken, James/S-9286-2019
   Valdecasas, Antonio G/H-6696-2015
   Graham, Catherine/A-9560-2011
   Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011
   Miller, Holly/I-6942-2015
   Graham, Catherine/AAN-1237-2020
   van der Leeuw, Sander/AAF-7850-2019
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Miller, Holly/0000-0002-9076-5335
   Hanken, James/0000-0003-2782-9671
   Valdecasas, Antonio G/0000-0002-5665-4906
   Graham, Catherine/0000-0001-9267-7948
   Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945
   Miller, Holly/0000-0002-9076-5335
   Graham, Catherine/0000-0001-9267-7948
   Gerson, Elihu M./0000-0003-4916-8456
   Vasco, Alejandra/0000-0002-6242-4760
   Hamilton, Andrew/0000-0001-7242-5209
   Doyle, Vinson/0000-0002-2350-782X
   Law, Wayne/0000-0001-9865-7796}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000305512500001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000294030900029,
Author = {Schumann, Katharina and Wittig, Ruediger and Thiombiano, Adjima and
   Becker, Ute and Hahn, Karen},
Title = {{Impact of land-use type and harvesting on population structure of a
   non-timber forest product-providing tree in a semi-arid savanna, West
   Africa}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{144}},
Number = {{9}},
Pages = {{2369-2376}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) strongly contribute to livelihood
   security in the semi-arid tropics. Main factors determining the
   populations of NTFP-providing species are human activities. This study
   examined the impact of land-use, combined with rates and patterns of
   debarking and chopping on a NTFP-providing tree (Anogeissus leiocarpa)
   in Burkina Faso. We compared stands in a protected area (W National
   Park) with those of its surrounding communal area (fallows, croplands)
   in order to (i) obtain an indication on the status of the population,
   (ii) assess its harvesting tolerance, (iii) estimate the sustainability
   of present management, and (iv) derive which additional management
   strategies may foster its conservation. Our results reveal that the
   stands of A. leiocarpa are in healthy states in fallows and in the park.
   In croplands, the absence of saplings gives evidence of a declining
   population. Nearly all individuals of A. leiocarpa were harvested in
   croplands and fallows, while the number of harvested individuals in the
   park was negligible. Intensity of debarking and chopping was tree
   size-specific. The sprouting ability significantly increased with higher
   chopping intensity. We conclude that despite the land-use impact and the
   intense harvesting, stands of A. leiocarpa are still well preserved due
   to the species life history (fast growing and high sprouting) and due to
   indirect positive influences of human activities by providing better
   environmental conditions for its recruitment. Thus, the population of A.
   leiocarpa is not at risk to over-harvesting and land-use even though it
   is not protected. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.018}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000294030900029}},
}

@article{ WOS:000295484000001,
Author = {Soewu, Durojaye A. and Adekanola, Temilolu A.},
Title = {{Traditional-Medical Knowledge and Perception of Pangolins (Manis sps)
   among the Awori People, Southwestern Nigeria}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{7}},
Month = {{SEP 1}},
Abstract = {{Background: Animals have been used as medicinal resources throughout
   human history. Majority of wildlife used in traditional medicines is
   taken from the wild; hence demand by traditional medicine is a cause of
   over-exploitation of wild animals. Indiscriminate use of endangered
   species portends grievous implications for biodiversity conservation.
   This study investigated the dynamics of the use of pangolin in trado
   medicinal preparations amongst the Awori people.
   Methods: Forty traditional Yorubic-medical practitioners (tymps)
   selected through stratified random-sampling technique were interviewed
   using open-ended questionnaires. Various aspects of the utilisation of
   pangolin in traditional medicinal practices were investigated. Data
   collected were analysed using simple frequencies and percentages.
   Results: An average of 1.6 pangolins were utilised per tymp per month.
   About 43\% of respondents contracted hunters for deliberate searches for
   the animals. More than 92\% believed that pangolins' abundance is
   steadily decreasing. Above 97\% reported a continuous decline in the
   size of pangolin. Pangolin was used in treating 47 conditions.
   Situations accommodated included those that can be treated by orthodox
   medicine like rheumatism and venereal diseases as well as some that are
   out of range for orthodox medicine including kleptomania and good luck
   charms. Some substitute animals like gorilla are under a greater
   conservation threat than pangolin.
   Conclusions: Utilisation of pangolin in traditional medicine has no
   consideration for sustainability. Awareness should be created on people
   as regards the implications of unsustainable depletion of medicinal
   resources. Efforts should be intensified on ex-situ breeding of pangolin
   while subjecting the scales and other parts to laboratory studies to
   determine the bioactive constituents.}},
DOI = {{10.1186/1746-4269-7-25}},
Article-Number = {{25}},
EISSN = {{1746-4269}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000295484000001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000292880800007,
Author = {Fenderson, Lindsey E. and Kovach, Adrienne I. and Litvaitis, John A. and
   Litvaitis, Marianne K.},
Title = {{Population genetic structure and history of fragmented remnant
   populations of the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis)}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION GENETICS}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{12}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{943-958}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{The New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) has suffered from
   extensive loss and fragmentation of its habitat and is now a species of
   conservation priority in the northeastern United States. Remnant New
   England cottontail populations currently occur in five geographically
   disjunct locations: southern Maine and southeastern New Hampshire
   (MENH); the Merrimack Valley in central New Hampshire (NH-MV); Cape Cod,
   Massachusetts (CC); parts of eastern Connecticut and Rhode Island
   (CTRI); and western Connecticut, southeastern New York and southwestern
   Massachusetts (CTNY). We used microsatellite genotyping to discern
   patterns of population structure, genetic variability, and demographic
   history across the species' range and to assess whether the observed
   patterns are a consequence of recent habitat loss and fragmentation. Our
   findings show that the geographic populations are highly differentiated
   (overall F (ST) = 0.145; P < 0.001). Using Bayesian clustering analyses,
   we identified five genetic clusters, which corresponded closely to the
   geographic populations, but grouped MENH \& NH-MV together (ME/NH) and
   identified an isolated population in eastern Connecticut (Bluff Point).
   The genetic clusters showed little evidence of recent gene flow and are
   highly influenced by genetic drift. The CC and Bluff Point populations
   show signs they experienced a genetic bottleneck, whereas the ME/NH
   population shows evidence of ongoing decline. Populations in Bluff
   Point, CC, and ME/NH also show significantly reduced genetic variation
   relative to the other clusters (CTNY and CTRI without Bluff Point).
   Without immediate human intervention, the short-term persistence of New
   England cottontail populations in Maine, New Hampshire and Cape Cod is
   at great risk. Conservation efforts at this time should focus on
   within-population sustainability and eventually restoring connectivity
   among these isolated populations.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10592-011-0197-x}},
ISSN = {{1566-0621}},
EISSN = {{1572-9737}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Fenderson, Lindsey/W-9698-2019}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Fenderson, Lindsey/0000-0002-2921-6636}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000292880800007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000291114200004,
Author = {Beder, Sharon},
Title = {{Environmental economics and ecological economics: the contribution of
   interdisciplinarity to understanding, influence and effectiveness}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{38}},
Number = {{2, SI}},
Pages = {{140-150}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{This paper reviews developments in both environmental economics and
   ecological economics with respect to their progress towards
   environmental interdisciplinarity and towards providing solutions to
   environmental problems. The concepts, methods, theories and assumptions
   of each field of knowledge are reviewed and the extent to which they
   depart from the dominant neoclassical paradigm of economics is assessed.
   The contribution that interdisciplinarity has made to the success of
   each field is analysed in terms of understanding, influence and
   effectiveness and the constraints that it has imposed upon that success.
   Environmental economics has adopted the dominant economic neoclassical
   paradigm, including the power of the market to allocate environmental
   resources efficiently and in a socially optimal way. The solution to
   environmental problems is thus seen as a matter of ensuring that the
   environment is properly priced to reflect the relative scarcity of
   natural resources and assets and to ensure that environmental values are
   incorporated into the market. This specialized view of environmental
   problems is now reflected in government policy around the world
   including the use of extended cost benefit analyses, contingent
   valuations, environmental charges and emissions trading. Nevertheless,
   environmental problems continue to grow in severity and the solutions
   provided by environmental economists have proven ineffective. Thus lack
   of interdisciplinarity does not prevent a field of knowledge from
   gaining influence and dominance, however its effectiveness in terms of
   understanding environmental problems and solving them is impeded.
   Ecological economics seeks to incorporate the research of economists,
   ecologists, philosophers and social scientists, however its influence
   seems to be have been limited to areas in which it retains the standard
   economics framework, and this limits its effectiveness in terms of
   environmental solutions. Thus interdisciplinarity may increase
   understanding of the real world but it cannot overcome political and
   social barriers to translating that understanding into the widespread
   implementation of effective environmental measures.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S037689291100021X}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Beder, Sharon/AAH-5089-2020}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Beder, Sharon/0000-0003-4936-6516}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000291114200004}},
}

@article{ WOS:000289333100004,
Author = {Kingsford, Richard T. and Biggs, Harry C. and Pollard, Sharon R.},
Title = {{Strategic Adaptive Management in freshwater protected areas and their
   rivers}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{144}},
Number = {{4, SI}},
Pages = {{1194-1203}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Aquatic ecosystems are connected over large spatial scales, have varied
   drivers, strong and often conflicting societal interests and interacting
   management processes. Many of the world's protected areas (> 100,000,
   similar to 42\% of land) include freshwater ecosystems, some
   specifically declared for freshwater protection, but often supplied by
   rivers outside their protected boundaries. Such complex socio-ecological
   systems have considerable challenges. We report on Strategic Adaptive
   Management (SAM), a management framework that should be implemented,
   irrespective of resourcing. in protected areas of any river system,
   ranging from heavily managed or regulated through to pristine rivers. We
   briefly outline the four stages of the SAM process for aquatic protected
   areas and present three case studies from South Africa and Australia in
   different stages of SAM implementation. Progress is incremental,
   reflecting gaps, problems, and socio-ecological dynamism. Real-world
   implementation usually means such management is passive although
   experimentation with environmental flows remains possible. While
   maturity in SAM is incremental over years or decades, it can and should
   be applied even if environmental problems are urgent and contentious.
   The stages of SAM should produce an agreed vision and/or mission among
   stakeholders, with an appropriate hierarchy of objectives that
   determines indicators to be measured, allowing ongoing reflection,
   learning and adaptation. There is no panacea for achieving aquatic
   conservation, but Strategic Adaptive Management offers hope with its
   interlinked processes for navigating complexity and learning. SAM in
   freshwater conservation is progressing because of the imperative for
   sustainability, history of interaction between scientists and managers
   and the need for transdisciplinary governance of rivers. (C) 2010
   Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.022}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Kingsford, Richard/0000-0001-6565-4134}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000289333100004}},
}

@article{ WOS:000286835800002,
Author = {Morimoto, Yukihiro},
Title = {{Biodiversity and ecosystem services in urban areas for smart adaptation
   to climate change: ``Do you Kyoto{''}?}},
Journal = {{LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{7}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{9-16}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{Kyoto is an old city blessed with beautiful natural and cultural
   landscapes. With the long history of the various events and responses to
   them, Kyoto is expected to offer some insight into how to create a
   sustainable city with resilience relevant to its historical inheritances
   and biodiversity. In this paper, we attempt to describe some concepts of
   developments and responses that could mitigate the negative impact of
   urbanization on its biodiversity and ecosystem services. (1) Modern city
   planning considering natural amenities as well as old Feng-shui geomancy
   theory could conserve the surrounding mountains. Down-zoning and vistaed
   view preservation are examples. (2) Inside the city areas, the theory of
   island biogeography is applicable for biodiversity planning, and the
   size of the isolated greenery is the most important factor for species
   richness of all taxonomic groups. However, a single large patch is not
   always sufficient to conserve as many species as possible. Moreover, the
   heterogeneity of the environment, which is formed by its design and
   management, plays an important role in species richness. Japanese
   gardens and the created wildlife habitat park are good solutions for
   biodiversity. (3) The nature of rivers and wetland systems has been
   severely degraded in the urbanization process. However, the excellent
   Katsura detached palace garden and Oguraike wetland system, which were
   one-time national monuments with high biodiversity, suggest a smart
   adaptation to the increasing risk of flooding by climate change: ``Do
   you Kyoto{''}?.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s11355-010-0140-1}},
ISSN = {{1860-1871}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000286835800002}},
}

@article{ WOS:000293656100014,
Author = {Scheepers, Kelly and Swemmer, Louise and Vermeulen, Wessel J.},
Title = {{Applying adaptive management in resource use in South African National
   Parks: A case study approach}},
Journal = {{KOEDOE}},
Year = {{2011}},
Volume = {{53}},
Number = {{2}},
Abstract = {{South African National Parks (SANParks) has a history of formal and
   informal natural resource use that is characterised by polarised views
   on national conservation interests and benefits to communities. Current
   efforts aim to determine the sustainability of existing resource use in
   parks and to formalise these activities through the development of
   resource use protocols. The resource use policy of SANParks outlines
   principles for sustainable resource use, including greater involvement
   of local communities in management of protected areas and an adaptive
   management approach to determining sustainable use levels. This paper
   examines three case studies on plant use in national parks with regard
   to the development of criteria and indicators for monitoring resource
   use, and the role of thresholds of potential concern in measuring
   effectiveness of managing for sustainable use levels. Opportunities and
   challenges for resource use management are identified. Findings show
   that platforms for discussion and knowledge sharing, including research
   committees and community associations, are critical to building
   relationships, trust and a shared vision of sustainable resource use
   between stakeholders. However, additional capacity building is needed to
   enable local community structures to manage internal social conflicts
   and jealousy, and to participate fully in monitoring efforts. Long-term
   monitoring is essential for developing flexible harvest prescriptions
   for plant use, but this is a time-consuming and resource-intensive
   exercise. Flexible management strategies are difficult to implement and
   sometimes command-and-control measures are necessary to protect rare or
   endangered species. A holistic approach that considers resource use in
   national parks as a complement to broader community development
   initiatives offers a way forward.
   Conservation implications: There is no blueprint for the development of
   sustainable resource use systems and resource use is often addressed
   according to multiple approaches in national parks. However, the
   SANParks resource use policy provides a necessary set of guiding
   principles for resource use management across the national park system
   that allows for monitoring progress.}},
DOI = {{10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.999}},
Article-Number = {{999}},
ISSN = {{0075-6458}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Scheepers, Kelly/D-4936-2011}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000293656100014}},
}

@article{ WOS:000279500800005,
Author = {Cuthbert, Richard},
Title = {{Sustainability of hunting, population densities, intrinsic rates of
   increase and conservation of Papua New Guinean mammals: A quantitative
   review}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{143}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{1850-1859}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{New Guinea's mammalian fauna consists of a unique assemblage of
   relatively small sized (0.5-13.5 kg) marsupial mammals, the hunting of
   which provides a major source of protein for local communities. However,
   the impact of hunting and the influence of the marsupial life-history
   strategies on the sustainability of hunting are unknown. Anthropological
   studies of subsistence hunting and published life-history data for
   Australasian marsupial mammals were quantitatively reviewed to determine
   the major sources of game and annual harvest, and estimate intrinsic
   rates of population increase (r(max)) and population densities. These
   data were used to estimate extraction versus maximum sustainable
   production (MSP) and make a preliminary estimate of the sustainability
   of hunting. There were significant negative relationships between
   increasing body size and decreasing rmax and decreasing population
   densities, which were further influenced by phylogeny and diet, and
   appear very similar to relationships found for placental mammals in
   Afrotropical and Neotropical forests. The estimated biomass of mid-sized
   marsupial mammals (923 kg/km(2)) in Papua New Guinea is also comparable
   with densities of placental mammals in other evergreen tropical forests.
   Intrinsic rates of increase ranged from 0.28 for tree-kangaroos
   (Macropodidae) and 0.29 for cuscus (Phalangeridae), up to 5.14 for
   bandicoots/echymipera (Peroryctidae). Estimated population densities
   ranged from 0.4-4.0 animals/km(2) for long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus
   sp.) to 150-340 animals/km(2) for ringtails (Pseudocheridae). Extraction
   rates of game in three studies averaged 23.5 +/- 9.9 kg/km(2)/year, with
   cuscus and bandicoot species numerically comprising the main game,
   although cuscus are the most important source of protein. Rates of
   extraction in Papua New Guinea versus rates of production demonstrate
   that long-beaked echidna. tree-kangaroos and cuscus are likely to be
   hunted unsustainably. In contrast hunting of bandicoots and ringtails
   was lower than maximum production levels, and the high intrinsic rate of
   increase of bandicoots means that they can potentially provide a
   sustainable source of protein, in preference to scarcer and
   intrinsically slower breeding species. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier
   Ltd.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.005}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000279500800005}},
}

@article{ WOS:000208365800003,
Author = {Bender, Oliver},
Title = {{Sweet chestnut cultures in the Southern Alps - conservation and regional
   development}},
Journal = {{ECO MONT-JOURNAL ON PROTECTED MOUNTAIN AREAS RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{2}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{5-14}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Sweet chestnut cultures are a major component of the vegetation in many
   large protected areas of the Southern Alps. Since Roman times, vast
   areas of Southern and Western Europe have been covered by groves and
   coppices of sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa MILL.). Having
   replaced the original broadleaved forest, they used to play a vital role
   in traditional agriculture. Chestnut cultivation was even more important
   in terms of producing a substitute for cereals (bread) than for the
   production of timber. With changing economic conditions and the onset of
   chestnut blight (caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica) in the
   20th century, chestnut cultivation lost almost all of its economic and
   cultural significance.
   In the last 20 years, there has been a renewed interest in preserving
   and replanting chestnuts. Today, this includes marketing strategies,
   landscape conservation and cultural history aspects. As chestnut
   cultivation is widespread, especially in the southern part of the Alps,
   its study provides links between landscape ecological research and
   sustainable development. This article describes different types of
   chestnut use and the characteristic landscapes thus generated as well as
   some aspects of biodiversity and landscape protection involved in the
   sustainable revaluation of that endogenous rural resource. The focus is
   on the role of the various actors, parks, regional planning,
   conservation and agricultural authorities as well as private
   organizations.}},
DOI = {{10.1553/eco.mont-2-1s5}},
ISSN = {{2073-106X}},
EISSN = {{2073-1558}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000208365800003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000282491600006,
Author = {Santos, Maria J. and Thorne, James H.},
Title = {{Comparing culture and ecology: conservation planning of oak woodlands in
   Mediterranean landscapes of Portugal and California}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{37}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{155-168}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Mediterranean ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots, however translating
   conservation need into implementation has been hindered by their
   function as working landscapes that integrate both human and natural
   components. This paper compares oak woodland working landscapes in
   California and Portugal: can conservation policy be reshaped to conserve
   Mediterranean oak woodland ecosystems with differing sociopolitical
   cultural contexts? Each oak woodland's cultural-historical legacy and
   socioecological system (SES) is described, and how each system can
   cross-inform improvements to conservation policies is assessed. The SES
   analysis shows that oak woodlands are managed to maximize revenue from
   one or more of four resources: forestry, rangeland, agriculture and
   natural areas. Sustainability of extractable resources may be threatened
   by replacement rate, land-use history and interdependence with other
   resources. Non-extractable resources (natural areas) are more volatile
   and sustainable management is dependent on the voluntary nature of
   collective-choice rules. Conservation planning and implementation
   require attention to the characteristic heterogeneity of oak woodlands
   and to the processes that generate biodiversity, such as fire and
   regeneration. Conservation plans should aim for the preservation of oak
   woodland functions (for example multiple use systems) and cultural
   characteristics (such as keeping people on the land), and governmental
   and public recognition of the value of preserving these woodlands.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0376892910000238}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
EISSN = {{1469-4387}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Santos, Maria Joao/M-5034-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Santos, Maria Joao/0000-0002-6558-7477
   Thorne, James/0000-0002-9130-9921}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000282491600006}},
}

@article{ WOS:000274191300005,
Author = {Armsworth, Paul R. and Block, Barbara A. and Eagle, Josh and
   Roughgarden, Joan E.},
Title = {{The economic efficiency of a time-area closure to protect spawning
   bluefin tuna}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{47}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{36-46}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{1. Spatial management measures, such as time-area closures, offer a
   widely advocated strategy for managing bycatch in fisheries and
   fisheries that impact particular life-history stages, like spawning. The
   effectiveness of proposed management strategies can be evaluated across
   different policy dimensions of which we focus on one - maximising total
   profit. We examine whether a time-area closure presents an economically
   efficient means to manage bycatches of Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus
   thynnus on their spawning ground in the Gulf of Mexico by longline
   fishermen targeting yellowfin tuna T. albacares.
   2. We combine a behavioural representation of bluefin migration with
   population dynamic models for the two species and an economic
   representation of relevant fisheries and solve for optimal, equilibrial
   management strategies.
   3. The models predict the western Atlantic bluefin population is close
   to open access harvesting conditions, and that rebuilding the bluefin
   population would increase overall economic revenues from the fisheries
   by 460\%, regardless of the specific actions taken in the Gulf.
   4. Time-area closures in the Gulf are predicted to be economically
   costly if there is little scope for recovery of the bluefin stock.
   However, the models predict such closures would offer limited economic
   benefits if there were a broader commitment to rebuild the bluefin
   population.
   5. Synthesis and applications. Technological advances and improvements
   in our understanding of the life history of these and other species make
   increasingly precise spatial effort control possible in many fisheries.
   The case study illustrates when such management measures would maximise
   fisheries profits while accounting for population dynamics and
   differences in mortality from different fisheries. However, the case
   study also highlights that the more elementary policy challenge of
   preventing overfishing has still often to be overcome.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01738.x}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Armsworth, Paul/0000-0003-0918-0573}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000274191300005}},
}

@article{ WOS:000273744300024,
Author = {Swatdipong, Akarapong and Primmer, Craig R. and Vasemagi, Anti},
Title = {{Historical and recent genetic bottlenecks in European grayling,
   Thymallus thymallus}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION GENETICS}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{279-292}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Sharp declines in population size, known as genetic bottlenecks,
   increase the level of inbreeding and reduce genetic diversity
   threatening population sustainability in both short- and long-term. We
   evaluated the presence, severity and approximate time of bottlenecks in
   34 European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) populations covering the
   majority of the species distribution using microsatellite markers. We
   identified footprints of population decline in all grayling populations
   using the M ratio test. In contrast to earlier simulation studies
   assuming isolated populations, forward simulations allowing low levels
   of migration demonstrated that bottleneck footprints measured using the
   M ratio can persist within small populations much longer (up to
   thousands of generations) than previously anticipated. Using a
   coalescence approach, the beginning of population reduction was dated
   back to 1,000-10,000 years ago which suggests that the extremely low M
   ratio in European grayling is most likely caused by the last glaciation
   and subsequent post-glacial recolonization processes. In contrast to the
   M ratio, two alternative methods for bottleneck detection identified
   more recent bottlenecks in six populations and thus, from a conservation
   perspective, these populations warrant future monitoring. Based on a
   single time-point analysis using approximate Bayesian computation
   methodology, all grayling populations exhibited very small effective
   population sizes with the majority of Ne estimates below 50. Taken
   together, our results demonstrate the predominate role of genetic drift
   in European grayling populations in the short term but also emphasize
   the importance of gene flow counteracting the effects of genetic drift
   and loss of variation over longer evolutionary timescales.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10592-009-0031-x}},
ISSN = {{1566-0621}},
EISSN = {{1572-9737}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vasemagi, Anti/B-1964-2018
   Primmer, Craig R/B-8179-2008
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Primmer, Craig R/0000-0002-3687-8435
   Vasemagi, Anti/0000-0002-2184-5534}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000273744300024}},
}

@article{ WOS:000272614200018,
Author = {Landry, Melissa S. and Taggart, Christopher T.},
Title = {{``Turtle watching{''} conservation guidelines: green turtle (Chelonia
   mydas) tourism in nearshore coastal environments}},
Journal = {{BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{19}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{305-312}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{We propose a conservational opportunity for humans to `use' the green
   turtle (Chelonia mydas) in a non-consumptive manner. Although the
   concept of a social safe-minimum standard analysis, as applied to the
   sustainability of tourism-dependent turtle watching, has focused on
   beach-nesting habitats, other tourist activities like diving and
   snorkelling also occur in shallow coastal habitats frequented by
   juvenile and adult turtles. When integrated over time, at a specific
   location, such tourism activities may compromise turtle physiology in a
   manner that limits conservation goals for the species and hence the
   tourism. We identify research insights that can be used to achieve a
   creatively managed tourism-one that allows tourists to observe turtles
   in their natural coastal habitat in a manner that is commensurate with
   functional turtle conservation. We propose management options loosely
   based on whale-watching: i.e. voluntary and/or mandatory regulations
   based on home-range studies that identify localized temporal and spatial
   patterns of habitat use exhibited by turtles. We recommend temporally-
   and spatially-dynamic stratified-random-design tours that exclude
   critical local (small-scale) habitat and include less-critical habitat
   on a randomized rotational basis. Practical guidelines for tour
   operators that are founded on turtle habitat-occupancy patterns may
   ensure expanded life-history conservation measures and sustainable
   turtle-watching tourism.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10531-009-9707-2}},
ISSN = {{0960-3115}},
EISSN = {{1572-9710}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000272614200018}},
}

@article{ WOS:000275897300008,
Author = {Lavides, Margarita N. and Polunin, Nicholas V. C. and Stead, Selina M.
   and Tabaranza, Don Geoff and Comeros, Mia Theresa and Dongallo, Jesus
   Ray},
Title = {{Finfish disappearances around Bohol, Philippines inferred from
   traditional ecological knowledge}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{36}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{235-244}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Little is known about local extinctions of finfish species in the most
   biodiverse marine ecosystem in the most marine biodiverse and
   anthropogenically threatened region on Earth. This paper examines coral
   reef associated finfish species that disappeared in the catches around
   the island of Bohol over the period 1950 to 2007, based on the only
   available data, namely traditional ecological knowledge. Generalized
   least squares (GLS) tests showed steep declines to zero among species
   formerly recorded in catches. Finfish species recommended as priority
   for further monitoring based on life history and disappearances in fish
   catch are giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) and African pompano
   (Alectis ciliaris). Twenty out of the 21 species that disappeared from
   catches were moderate to very large-bodied, six were slow-growing fish
   and Four were late-maturing fish. Species of large body size and subject
   to high fishing pressure may be particularly vulnerable. Traditional
   ecological knowledge when applied to population dynamics studies can add
   value to development of new monitoring methods. This knowledge can
   moreover inform the prioritization of species for fisheries assessment
   and conservation action.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0376892909990385}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
EISSN = {{1469-4387}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Comeros-Raynal, Mia Theresa/0000-0002-5087-8984
   Polunin, Nick/0000-0002-1480-8794}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000275897300008}},
}

@article{ WOS:000268028800011,
Author = {Pullin, Andrew S. and Baldi, Andras and Can, Ozgun Emre and Dieterich,
   Martin and Kati, Vassiliki and Livoreil, Barbara and Lovei, Gabor and
   Mihok, Barbara and Nevin, Owen and Selva, Nuria and Sousa-Pinto, Isabel},
Title = {{Conservation Focus on Europe: Major Conservation Policy Issues That Need
   to Be Informed by Conservation Science}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{23}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{818-824}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Europe is one of the world's most densely populated continents and has a
   long history of human-dominated land- and seascapes. Europe is also at
   the forefront of developing and implementing multinational conservation
   efforts. In this contribution, we describe some top policy issues in
   Europe that need to be informed by high-quality conservation science.
   These include evaluation of the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 network
   of protected sites, implications of rapid economic and subsequent land-
   use change in Central and Eastern Europe, conservation of marine
   biodiversity and sustainability of fisheries, the effect of climate
   change on movement of species in highly fragmented landscapes, and
   attempts to assess the economic value of ecosystem services and
   biodiversity. Broad policy issues such as those identified are not
   easily amenable to scientific experiment. A key challenge at the
   science-policy interface is to identify the research questions
   underlying these problem areas so that conservation science can provide
   evidence to underpin future policy development.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01283.x}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Can, Ozgun Emre/ABE-7049-2020
   Nevin, Owen/D-8363-2014
   Pinto, Isabel Sousa/W-1591-2019
   Lovei, Gabor L./B-7763-2008
   Selva, Nuria/J-6970-2013
   Nevin, Owen/AAW-5220-2020
   Baldi, Andras/A-7501-2008
   Kati, Vassiliki I/AAB-9418-2020
   Nevin, Owen/B-5654-2008
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Can, Ozgun Emre/0000-0001-6283-5386
   Nevin, Owen/0000-0003-3513-8053
   Pinto, Isabel Sousa/0000-0002-9231-0553
   Lovei, Gabor L./0000-0002-6467-9812
   Selva, Nuria/0000-0003-3389-201X
   Nevin, Owen/0000-0003-3513-8053
   Baldi, Andras/0000-0001-6063-3721
   Kati, Vassiliki I/0000-0003-3357-4556
   Pullin, Andrew/0000-0001-5299-8042}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000268028800011}},
}

@article{ WOS:000268970300019,
Author = {Golden, Christopher D.},
Title = {{Bushmeat hunting and use in the Makira Forest north-eastern Madagascar:
   a conservation and livelihoods issue}},
Journal = {{ORYX}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{43}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{386-392}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{In the 2003 Durban Vision the Malagasy government committed to tripling
   the amount of protected areas in Madagascar by 2009. This extensive
   expansion needs to involve an assessment of the potential impacts on the
   people who rely on forest resources for subsistence. Wildlife for human
   consumption (bushmeat) is one such resource that has received great
   attention on mainland Africa but has largely been ignored in Madagascar
   until recently. In terms of biomass, hunting in Madagascar appears to be
   on a lesser scale compared to areas of mainland Africa. However, because
   of the life-history characteristics associated with hunted primate and
   carnivore species in Madagascar even small-scale hunting is a major
   threat to long-term conservation. In this study I used semi-structured
   interviews to quantify annual rates of bushmeat harvest in 14 villages
   adjacent to the Makira Forest in north-eastern Madagascar. Interviews
   revealed that 23 mammal species were hunted for consumption, providing a
   new insight into the scale and frequency of bushmeat use. Harvest data
   and life-history information were sufficient to allow quantitative
   assessments of sustainability for four species of lemur (black and white
   ruffed lemur Varecia variegata, indri Indri indri, eastern bamboo lemur
   Hapalemur griseus and white-fronted brown lemur Eulemur albifrons) and a
   species of the carnivore family Eupleridae (fossa Cryptoprocta ferox).
   Model results suggest hunting of these species is probably
   unsustainable. This research presents clear evidence that hunting is a
   major conservation and livelihoods issue in Madagascar and needs to be
   considered in the planning stages of protected area development to
   address better the needs of local people.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0030605309000131}},
ISSN = {{0030-6053}},
EISSN = {{1365-3008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Golden, Christopher/0000-0002-2258-7493
   Golden, Christopher/0000-0002-0358-4625}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000268970300019}},
}

@article{ WOS:000265907100007,
Author = {Belk, Mark C. and McGee, Michael N. and Shiozawa, Dennis K.},
Title = {{EFFECTS OF ELEVATION AND GENETIC INTROGRESSION ON GROWTH OF COLORADO
   RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT}},
Journal = {{WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{69}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{56-62}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Inland populations of cutthroat trout have suffered dramatic declines
   and some subspecies are considered threatened or endangered.
   Understanding patterns of variation and factors that influence life
   history in populations is important for conservation and management. We
   determined effects of elevation, sex, and genetic introgression (with
   Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchas clarkii lewisi, and rainbow
   trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) on growth rates of Colorado River cutthroat
   trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus) in the Sheep Creek drainage in
   the Uinta Mountains of Utah. In this high-elevation system, native trout
   grew slowly and matured relatively late. Elevation, sex, and genetic
   introgression all had significant effects on growth rates. Growth rates
   were lower at higher elevations. Males were slightly larger than
   females, and cutthroat trout in locations that were more introgressed
   grew faster than those at non-introgressed locations. Both abiotic
   effects and effects of introduced salmonids must be addressed in
   long-term management programs to ensure the sustainability of native
   trout populations.}},
DOI = {{10.3398/064.069.0116}},
ISSN = {{1527-0904}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000265907100007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000263742500016,
Author = {Lambeets, Kevin and Vandegehuchte, Martijn L. and Maelfait, Jean-Pierre
   and Bonte, Dries},
Title = {{Integrating environmental conditions and functional life-history traits
   for riparian arthropod conservation planning}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{142}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{625-637}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{River banks are naturally disturbed habitats, in which local flood
   events and the landscape structure are expected to govern riparian
   species assemblages. Not solely effects of flooding per se, but also
   related changes in vegetation structure will affect species
   distribution. By elucidating the relationships between species
   occurrences and multivariate habitat conditions on a restricted spatial
   scale, insight into conservation strategies to preserve riparian species
   is gained. Ordination and grouping methods revealed important
   environmental and functional trait constraints on the composition of
   predatory riparian arthropods. Mainly flooding disturbance appeared to
   affect spider and carabid beetle assemblages. Habitat affinity and
   dispersal ability were retained as important traits explaining
   similarity between arthropod assemblages. River banks similar in species
   composition differed in absolute and functional group species richness.
   Furthermore, Poisson regressions demonstrated the importance of
   variation in discharge regime, sediment composition and vegetation
   structure for the preservation of rare riparian arthropods.
   Xerothermophilic specialists were disfavoured by increased flooding
   disturbance, whereas hygrophilic species benefited from increased
   vegetation cover. In contrast to flight-active riparian carabids,
   occurring throughout the river system, especially cursorial spiders are
   expected to go extinct under increased anthropogenic alterations of
   discharge regimes. In general, river restoration should generate the
   required heterogeneity in environmental conditions (e.g. dynamic
   processes) at the river bank level, thereby increasing the
   sustainability of dynamic riverine landscapes and the conservation of
   vulnerable riparian arthropods. Moreover, we argue that the
   understanding of functional responses towards environmental factors on a
   local scale results in general and widely applicable guiding concepts
   for species conservation and ecosystem management. (C) 2008 Elsevier
   Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2008.11.015}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bonte, Dries/AAH-3913-2021
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Bonte, Dries/0000-0002-3320-7505
   Vandegehuchte, Martijn L./0000-0003-1283-4654}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000263742500016}},
}

@article{ WOS:000262596900010,
Author = {Homyack, Jessica A. and Haas, Carola A.},
Title = {{Long-term effects of experimental forest harvesting on abundance and
   reproductive demography of terrestrial salamanders}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{142}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{110-121}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{Both observational and experimental studies have documented drastic
   reductions in salamanders after forest harvesting. Yet, the amount of
   time until salamander populations rebound and the factors limiting
   recovery after harvesting are unknown. We compared the effects of six
   oak regeneration practices to a control, representing a disturbance
   gradient from no treatment to silvicultural clearcut, on the relative
   abundance and reproductive demography of terrestrial salamanders through
   13-years post-harvest. Following the experimental disturbance, relative
   abundance of terrestrial salamanders in treatments that opened the
   canopy were significantly and persistently lower than in either
   untreated control stands or midstory herbicide treatments. In general,
   this trend persisted through 9-13 years after treatment. Changes to
   demography of commonly captured salamanders varied by species, but
   Plethodon cinereus had a greater proportion of juveniles in unharvested
   treatments 7-13-years post-harvest, and Desmognathus ochrophaeus had a
   greater proportion of juveniles and a greater number of eggs/female in
   unharvested treatments 1-6-years post-harvest. Population modeling of P.
   cinereus indicated that adult survival had the greatest elasticity of
   the vital rates. Further, >60 years may be needed before P. cinereus
   reduced by the observed decline could reach pre-harvest levels of
   abundance. of the treatments with canopy disturbance, the group
   selection harvest had the greatest abundances of salamanders 7-13-years
   post-harvest, but when coupled with future stand entries, the volume of
   wood fiber extracted, costs of harvesting, reduced sprouting of oaks,
   and soil disturbances, this method may not have the best balance of
   ecological and economic sustainability in central Appalachian hardwood
   forest. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.003}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Haas, Carola A./B-5056-2009}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Haas, Carola A./0000-0002-5490-6882}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000262596900010}},
}

@article{ WOS:000207918700010,
Author = {Ragupathy, Subramanyam and Newmaster, Steven G.},
Title = {{Valorizing the `Irulas' traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the
   Kodiakkarai Reserve Forest, India}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE}},
Year = {{2009}},
Volume = {{5}},
Abstract = {{A mounting body of critical research is raising the credibility of
   Traditional Knowledge (TK) in scientific studies. These studies have
   gained credibility because their claims are supported by methods that
   are repeatable and provide data for quantitative analyses that can be
   used to assess confidence in the results. The theoretical importance of
   our study is to test consensus (reliability/replicable) of TK within one
   ancient culture; the Irulas of the Kodiakkarai Reserve Forest (KRF),
   India. We calculated relative frequency (RF) and consensus factor (F-ic)
   of TK from 120 Irulas informants knowledgeable of medicinal plants. Our
   research indicates a high consensus of the Irulas TK concerning
   medicinal plants. The Irulas revealed a diversity of plants that have
   medicinal and nutritional utility in their culture and specific
   ethnotaxa used to treat a variety of illnesses and promote general good
   health in their communities. Throughout history aboriginal people have
   been the custodians of bio-diversity and have sustained healthy
   life-styles in an environmentally sustainable manner. However this
   knowledge has not been transferred to modern society. We suggest this
   may be due to the asymmetry between scientific and TK, which demands a
   new approach that considers the assemblage of TK and scientific
   knowledge. A greater understanding of TK is beginning to emerge based on
   our research with both the Irulas and Malasars; they believe that a
   healthy lifestyle is founded on a healthy environment. These aboriginal
   groups chose to share this knowledge with society-at-large in order to
   promote a global lifestyle of health and environmental sustainability.}},
DOI = {{10.1186/1746-4269-5-10}},
Article-Number = {{10}},
EISSN = {{1746-4269}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000207918700010}},
}

@article{ WOS:000264045600008,
Author = {McClanahan, T. R. and Cinner, J. and Kamukuru, A. T. and Abunge, C. and
   Ndagala, J.},
Title = {{Management preferences, perceived benefits and conflicts among resource
   users and managers in the Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{35}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{340-350}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Conflicts between resource users and managers are common and well
   documented on Mafia Island (Tanzania), where there has been a history of
   unresolved conflict over marine conservation initiatives. The
   perceptions of fisheries and park restrictions among resource users and
   managers were evaluated to try to understand the underlying causes of
   these conflicts. Responses concerning management preferences of
   government officials employed by the Mafia Island Marine Park (MIMP),
   personnel of the fisheries department, and heads of households in three
   villages in and out of the Park were compared. The largest differences
   in perceptions were found between villagers and managers, but all
   respondents agreed that minimum fish lengths and gear restrictions were
   beneficial and that benefits increased along the scale of the individual
   - community - national government. Villagers and government officials
   differed most in their perceptions towards area-based management,
   spatial and temporal closures, and species restrictions. Perceptions of
   management restrictions and benefits were only weakly correlated with
   the socioeconomic status of the villagers, but more strongly correlated
   with their living in or out of the Park and their family's economic
   options. The most negative perceptions towards restrictions were found
   in villages near fisheries closures, where there was a heavy reliance on
   marine resources and a higher numbers of jobs per household, but less
   reliance on cash crops, animal husbandry and tourism. The lack of these
   three options appears to have produced lower levels of support for MIMP
   and associated restrictions, and might be overcome by (1) using gear and
   minimum size restrictions more than fisheries closures and (2)
   increasing access to tourism, cash crops, animal husbandry and salaried
   employment, rather than simply increasing livelihood diversity.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0376892908005250}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
EISSN = {{1469-4387}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{McClanahan, Tim/K-4998-2019
   Cinner, Joshua/AAA-6823-2021
   Cinner, Joshua/E-8966-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Cinner, Joshua/0000-0003-2675-9317
   McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000264045600008}},
}

@article{ WOS:000258085400003,
Author = {Kreyling, Juergen and Schmiedinger, Andreas and Macdonald, Ellen and
   Beierkuhnlein, Carl},
Title = {{Slow understory redevelopment after clearcutting in high mountain
   forests}},
Journal = {{BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{10}},
Pages = {{2339-2355}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Besides natural tree regeneration itself, the development of the forest
   understory community is highly indicative of the ecological recovery of
   forest stands post-harvesting, and therefore of the sustainability of
   forest management. High mountain forests might show particularly slow
   recovery of the understory plant community because of harsh
   environmental conditions. We compared understory community richness and
   composition among three age classes of forest stands in the subalpine
   Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir zone in the interior of British Columbia,
   Canada. Species composition was found to differ significantly between
   mature stands (> 110 years old and never harvested) and both recent
   clearcuts (5-8 years old) and the oldest clearcuts present in the study
   area (second growth: 24-28 years old). A non-metric multidimensional
   scaling (NMDS) ordination revealed no unidirectional return of species
   composition in harvested stands towards that of mature forest; indeed,
   plots in recent clearcuts and second growth stands were similar to one
   another and clearly separated from the mature stands. Indicator Species
   Analysis revealed that moss species were particularly indicative of
   mature forest, with four moss species being common in mature stands but
   absent from both younger stages. Compared to what has been reported for
   lower elevation coniferous forests, e.g. in the U.S. Pacific Northwest,
   redevelopment of the understory appears to be slow after harvesting in
   these high elevation mountain forests. Rotation intervals that consider
   the natural temporal pattern of species turnover and the occurrence
   interval of major natural disturbances (here: fire) should provide
   effective approaches to sustainable forest management of these forests.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10531-008-9385-5}},
ISSN = {{0960-3115}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kreyling, Juergen/E-8178-2012
   Kreyling, Juergen/G-4697-2018
   Beierkuhnlein, Carl/ABF-8797-2021
   Beierkuhnlein, Carl/ABF-9693-2021}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Kreyling, Juergen/0000-0001-8489-7289
   Kreyling, Juergen/0000-0001-8489-7289
   Beierkuhnlein, Carl/0000-0002-6456-4628}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000258085400003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000259187100007,
Author = {Ali, Robbie and Zhao, Hong},
Title = {{Wuhan, China and Pittsburgh, USA: Urban environmental health past,
   present, and future}},
Journal = {{ECOHEALTH}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{5}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{159-166}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{This article briefly reviews environmental history in the ``Sister
   Cities{''} of Wuhan, China and Pittsburgh, USA. Specifically, it
   analyzes key changes in air, water, land, and sustainability in each of
   the two cities in terms of both ``driving forces{''} and of the actions
   of key stakeholders (policymakers, educators, industry/business,
   nongovernmental organizations {[}NGOs], and the public). It concludes by
   discussing prospects for synergies between the two cities in continuing
   to improve environmental health, and the implications of these ideas for
   other cities in both the ``developing{''} and the ``developed{''} world.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10393-008-0172-2}},
ISSN = {{1612-9202}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{daszak, peter/U-4588-2017}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{daszak, peter/0000-0002-2046-5695}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000259187100007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000256182700024,
Author = {Welsh, Jr., Hartwell H. and Pope, Karen L. and Wheeler, Clara A.},
Title = {{Using multiple metrics to assess the effects of forest succession on
   population status: A comparative study of two terrestrial salamanders in
   the US Pacific Northwest}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{141}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{1149-1160}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Investigations to determine stable or source-sink animal population
   dynamics are challenging and often infeasible for most species due to
   the time and expense of mark-recapture studies and the challenge of life
   histories attributes that result in low detectability and low recapture
   probabilities. Often, managers rely solely on occupancy or relative
   abundance patterns to assess a species' sensitivity to environmental
   changes. Greater insight into population-level responses to
   environmental change can be gained by consideration of a combination of
   readily obtainable metrics, including occupancy, relative abundance,
   demographic structure and body condition. We examined how these metrics
   can improve our understanding of population-level responses to forest
   disturbance, using datasets for two exemplar species of terrestrial
   salamanders resident to the Pacific Northwestern USA. We compared
   population metrics for the Del Norte salamander (Plethodon elongatus)
   and the Siskiyou Mountains salamander (Plethodon stormi) across the
   seral continuum represented by four forest age classes: pre-canopy,
   young, mature, and old-growth. We compared these data with those
   collected from reference stands in mature (P. stormi) or old-growth (P.
   elongatus) forest containing robust populations. P. elongatus was twice
   as common as P. stormi. Both occupancy and salamander counts were lowest
   at pre-canopy sites for both species. Although there were numerous P.
   elongatus detections in young forests, higher proportions of these
   individuals were juveniles and sub-adults when compared to populations
   in late-seral forests. We found a negative relationship between the
   proportion of immature animals and total counts at a site, indicating
   that the high proportion of young animals in young forest stands is
   likely due to dispersal of young salamanders from nearby source
   populations and/or low survival of adult animals in young forests. We
   also found reduced body condition of P. stormi populations in young
   forests. Our results suggest that there are costs to populations
   occupying early seral forests, such as skewed age class structure and
   reduced body condition that are indicative of sink populations.
   Consideration of population-level metrics beyond occupancy and relative
   abundance can provide important insights when assessing a species'
   sustainability in managed forest landscapes. Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2008.02.014}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000256182700024}},
}

@article{ WOS:000252558400007,
Author = {Fordham, Damien A. and Georges, Arthur and Brook, Barry W.},
Title = {{Indigenous harvest, exotic pig predation and local persistence of a
   long-lived vertebrate: managing a tropical freshwater turtle for
   sustainability and conservation}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{45}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{52-62}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{1. Until recently, the northern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina rugosa
   Ogilby, 1890) provided a seasonal source of protein for indigenous
   communities in tropical northern Australia. Today, feral pigs (Sus
   scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) exert a heavy predation pressure on C. rugosa,
   compromising subsistence harvest rates and threatening local
   persistence.
   2. We investigated the influence of pig predation and harvest
   (subsistence and commercial) on C. rugosa persistence at discrete water
   holes using a stage-based matrix population model. Vital rates varied
   with wet season rainfall, pig predation and harvest. In addition,
   hatchling survival was density-dependent.
   3. We show that field-based estimates of pig-related turtle mortality
   exceed levels that can be offset by increased hatchling survival,
   leading to predictions of rapid population decline and certain
   elimination of affected populations within 50 years.
   4. Conversely, in the absence of pigs, compensatory increases in
   hatchling survival were sufficient to allow an annual harvest of up to
   20\% of subadult and adult C. rugosa without causing extirpation or
   substantial population suppression.
   5. Synthesis and applications. This demographic modelling shows that
   periodic local culling of pigs, fencing of wetlands to exclude
   predators, and hatchling supplementation to offset losses from predation
   are all viable management strategies for ensuring ongoing turtle
   harvests. Such demonstrations of the potential resilience of long-lived
   vertebrates under a properly managed harvest regime is important to
   convince natural resource agencies that conservation management for
   long-term viability need not exclude some degree of consumptive use.
   These findings are broadly relevant to applied ecology, providing
   important implications for the management of wildlife species subject to
   competing ecological pressures, such as subsistence and commercial
   harvesting and predation by invasive species.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01414.x}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Georges, Arthur/D-2153-2009
   Fordham, Damien A/E-9255-2013
   Brook, Barry W./G-2686-2011}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Georges, Arthur/0000-0003-2428-0361
   Fordham, Damien A/0000-0003-2137-5592
   Brook, Barry W./0000-0002-2491-1517}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000252558400007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000252558400005,
Author = {Gaoue, Orou G. and Ticktin, Tamara},
Title = {{Impacts of bark and foliage harvest on Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae)
   reproductive performance in Benin}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{45}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{34-40}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{1. Increasing concern over the sustainability of harvesting non-timber
   forest products (NTFP) has led to a growing literature on the ecological
   impacts of NTFP extraction. A large proportion of NTFP are harvested for
   multiple plant parts, but few studies have assessed the impacts of
   harvesting multi-use species. In addition, few studies have assessed how
   harvest effects may vary across space. This information is necessary for
   designing effective conservation plans for the many NTFP species that
   are harvested from variable ecological contexts.
   2. This study assessed the impacts of combined bark and foliage harvest
   on Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) reproductive performance in Benin. K.
   senegalensis bark is an important medicine for malaria, the leaves are
   pruned by indigenous Fulani herders as a critical source of fodder for
   their livestock, and the timber is highly prized. Data on reproductive
   characteristics were collected from 12 populations spread across two
   ecological regions (Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean). Half the populations
   had a history of high harvest intensity and half were subject to low/no
   harvest.
   3. Trees produced more fruit and began fruiting at a significantly
   smaller size in the drier Sudanian region than in the wetter
   Sudano-Guinean region. However, pruning decreased fruit production
   significantly in the Sudanian region but not in the Sudano-Guinean
   region. Pruning had a significantly greater impact on fruit production
   in larger trees than in smaller trees. High harvest populations in the
   Sudano-Guinean region had significantly higher rates of seed production
   than low harvest populations, although the seeds were significantly
   lighter. There were no significant effects of debarking or combined
   debarking and pruning on reproductive performance.
   4. Synthesis and applications. This study illustrates that heavy rates
   of foliage harvest can decrease rates and patterns of reproduction in K.
   senegalensis, and that the impacts may vary across environmental
   contexts. Lowered rates of reproduction may lead to decreases in K.
   senegalensis population size over the long term. Effective ex situ
   conservation strategies for K. senegalensis include increasing the
   availability of its fodder and bark by promoting K. senegalensis
   plantations programmes involving Fulani harvesters.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01381.x}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gaoue, Orou G./B-4932-2011}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Gaoue, Orou G./0000-0002-0946-2741}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000252558400005}},
}

@article{ WOS:000255376700006,
Author = {Ronnback, Patrik and Crona, Beatrice and Ingwall, Lisa},
Title = {{The return of ecosystem goods and services in replanted mangrove
   forests: perspectives from local communities in Kenya}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{34}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{313-324}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Mangroves are severely threatened ecosystems, with loss rates exceeding
   those of rainforests and coral reefs, stressing the need for large-scale
   rehabilitation programmes. Not only are ecological evaluations of such
   planting efforts scarce, but studies of local stakeholders' perceptions
   and valuation of planted areas are also virtually non-existent. This
   paper assesses how resource users value natural versus planted mangroves
   and how they perceive plantation initiatives. Semi-structured interviews
   with 48 resource users from two Kenyan villages show marked mangrove
   dependence. Respondents identified 24 ecosystem goods, and ranked a
   variety of food items, traditional medicine, fuel and construction
   materials as very important resources. Natural mangroves (11.1 +/- 2.5)
   were rated more highly than plantations (4.8 +/- 2.7) in terms of the
   number and quality of products, except for mangrove poles. Nine
   ecosystem services were acknowledged, with significant differences
   between natural (5.2 +/- 1.1) and planted (4.1 +/- 1.6) mangroves. Most
   respondents (71\%) were positive towards the plantations, and negative
   attitudes were entirely based on the perception of limited information
   given to the community prior to planting. Multivariate analyses show
   distinct patterns among user groups (based on gender, occupation and
   locality) with respect to recognized goods and services, knowledge of
   mangrove species and plantations, and attitudes towards threats,
   community management and existing plantations. Homogeneity of responses
   within defined user groups accounts for these patterns. Perspectives of
   local users were analysed in relation to information from interviews
   with six managers and researchers responsible for existing plantations,
   as well as scientific studies on the return of ecosystem functions in
   planted mangroves of the area. Findings are discussed in the context of
   ecological knowledge, learning within social groups, village setting and
   history, and primary economic activity. Communication of plantation
   goals may be fundamental to project success and sustainability, and
   community participation should take into account the heterogeneous
   nature of stakeholder groups, in terms of perceptions and valuations of
   ecosystem goods and services, to avoid conflicts in future plantation
   use.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0376892907004225}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
EISSN = {{1469-4387}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Crona, Beatrice/0000-0003-1617-4067}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000255376700006}},
}

@article{ WOS:000250330700017,
Author = {Davidson, Neil J. and Close, Dugald C. and Battaglia, Michael and
   Churchill, Keith and Ottenschlaeger, Maria and Watson, Timothy and
   Bruce, Jody},
Title = {{Eucalypt health and agricultural land management within bushland
   remnants in the Midlands of Tasmania, Australia}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{139}},
Number = {{3-4}},
Pages = {{439-446}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{In temperate Australia, sustainability of biodiversity in
   poorly-reserved woodland remnants within agricultural landscapes is a
   priority. Cornerstone species, such as those comprising the tree
   overstorey, are essential as a seed source for regeneration and for
   microclimate amelioration, soil erosion prevention and habitat provision
   in woodland ecosystems. However, trees within many woodland remnants are
   rapidly deteriorating in health. This has been attributed to several
   causes, including three decades of below average rainfall in temperate
   Australia. However, instances where trees are healthy and declining on
   either side of a management boundary indicate a key role of management
   in the condition of woodland remnants. We investigated the effects of
   past management on soil properties and vegetation understorey, and
   linked these with overstorey tree health across 49 sites within the
   agricultural Midlands of Tasmania, Australia. Sixty percent of the
   variation in overstorey tree health was associated with the cover of
   native shrubs, litter, moss and lichen in healthy sites and with cover
   of exotic pasture species in declining sites. Soil attributes explained
   72\% of the variation in tree health, with healthy sites having lower
   soil total nitrogen and pH, and higher soil organic carbon. A
   combination of soil and understorey vegetation attributes entirely
   separated healthy, declining and poor sites in a canonical analysis.
   Regression tree analysis indicated that grazing history (fencing,
   grazing frequency and intensity) was the primary management history
   factor in separating healthy and poor sites, whilst patch size, fire
   frequency and wood gathering were secondary, but significant, factors.
   Sites that were only lightly, if at all, grazed, had a fire frequency
   >10 years, and did not have coarse woody debris removed were healthy,
   indicating that the drying and warming climate of the past three decades
   is within the bioclimatic envelope of the species examined.(C) 2007
   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2007.07.019}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Battaglia, MIchael/A-5545-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Battaglia, MIchael/0000-0003-0144-5442
   Close, Dugald/0000-0001-7999-1692}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000250330700017}},
}

@article{ WOS:000251224100005,
Author = {McKechnie, Iain},
Title = {{Investigating the complexities of sustainable fishing at a prehistoric
   village on western Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{15}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{208-222}},
Note = {{Mexico City Conference of the International-Council-for-Archaeozoology,
   Mexico City, NM, 2006}},
Organization = {{Int Council Archaeozool}},
Abstract = {{Zooarchaeological data provide direct evidence of long-term human
   resource utilization relevant to the modern study of sustainability and
   conservation. On the northwest coast of North America, prehistoric
   aboriginal communities relied heavily on nearshore marine fish species,
   many of which have life history characteristics that make them
   vulnerable to overexploitation. This study examines temporal trends in
   the abundance and distribution of nearshore fish from skeletal remains
   recovered from three separate areas of a prehistoric coastal village on
   the west coast of Vancouver Island (ca. 1800-250 yr BP). Over the course
   of 1500 years, site inhabitants from these contemporaneously occupied
   areas regularly utilized Sebastes spp. (rockfish), with varying impacts
   on abundance and total length. Contrasting temporal trends in Sebastes
   spp. total length in separate village areas suggest different
   consequences to prehistoric harvesting practices, differences that can
   be {[}inked to ethnographic and archaeological. evidence of
   lineage-based territories. These tong-term zooarchaeological. data
   provide unique insights into the context and challenges of sustainable
   resource use in prehistory and can inform contemporary conservation
   efforts focused on similar species in this modern-day marine protected a
   rea. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.jnc.2007.05.001}},
ISSN = {{1617-1381}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{McKechnie, Iain/N-8411-2019
   McKechnie, Iain/O-2542-2013}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{McKechnie, Iain/0000-0002-4989-2711
   McKechnie, Iain/0000-0002-4989-2711}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000251224100005}},
}

@article{ WOS:000244726100008,
Author = {Dearden, Philip and Bennett, Michelle and Rollins, Rick},
Title = {{Implications for coral reef conservation of diver specialization}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{33}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{353-363}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{One activity with potential to provide a direct incentive for reef
   conservation is scuba diving. In the absence of effective management,
   diving can also have negative impacts. This study shows how an
   understanding of diver specialization can be used to help manage diving
   and increase its effectiveness as an incentive-driven conservation
   activity. Surveys were used to assess motivations, satisfactions and
   dive history of divers in Phuket (Thailand) and categorize divers by
   degree of specialization. Highly specialized divers were more likely to
   be on a live-aboard trip than less specialized divers and placed greater
   importance on the characteristics of the dive itself rather than the
   trip. Less specialized divers put more emphasis on non-dive
   characteristics. Satisfaction levels differed significantly among
   specialization groups in terms of overall satisfaction with the dive
   experience, satisfactions compared with motivations and satisfactions
   with specific trip characteristics. Overall there was a decline in
   satisfaction levels with increasing specialization. These finding are
   compared to a wildlife tourism model that links impacts with client
   characteristics and suggests a displacement of specialists by
   generalists and changes in the limits of acceptable change (LAC) over
   time. The dive data supported this progression leading to increased
   industry competition and reduced opportunities to sustain a broad-based
   dive industry that will act as an incentive-driven mechanism for reef
   conservation. Specific actions related to reef access and zoning
   according to a diver opportunity spectrum (DOS), establishing LAC and
   monitoring programmes, enforcing safety and environmental regulations
   are suggested to promote a more sustainable approach to dive management.
   Social science insights can be used to aid reef management strategies
   and increase the potential for diving to contribute towards reef
   conservation.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0376892906003419}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000244726100008}},
}

@article{ WOS:000240273500003,
Author = {Russell-Smith, Jeremy and Karunaratne, Nimal S. and Mahindapala, Ranjith},
Title = {{Rapid inventory of wild medicinal plant populations in Sri Lanka}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{132}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{22-32}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Sustainable use of wild populations of medicinal plants (as with other
   non-timber forest products) requires robust assessment of the
   distribution and abundance of target species. Long-term population
   dynamics datasets are typically unavailable in many developing
   countries, and then perhaps only for one to few high profile taxa. Given
   the scale and urgency of sustainability issues, one-off inventories
   provide the only realistic means for assessing the population status and
   harvest potential of assemblages of target resource species.
   Quantitative examples of such assessments are very rare, and limited in
   scale. As part of a national programme focusing on developing
   sustainable usage of medicinal plants in five biogeographically
   representative Medicinal Plant Conservation Areas (MPCAs) in Sri Lanka,
   we describe the rapid appraisal methodology developed for, and
   substantive results derived from, a resource inventory undertaken at
   respective MPCAs to provide: (a) baseline assessment of the
   distributions, associated population structures and densities, and
   ecological requirements of medicinal plant species; and (b) an informed
   basis for ongoing in situ conservation, management, and harvest
   sustainability of defined priority medicinal plant species. The applied
   methodology comprised: (a) quantitative assessment of medicinal plant
   populations and habitat features at 898 inventory plots, located using a
   strict hierarchical stratification; (b) standard numerical
   classificatory procedures to define major habitat types; and (c) areal
   estimates of habitats based on available fine-scale topographic mapping,
   augmented with refined mapping derived from Landsat TM imagery. Over
   1400 medicinal plant species (ca. 40\% of the national flora) were
   sampled during the inventory, occurring in habitat conditions ranging
   from dense-canopied, relatively undisturbed tropical forest, to savanna.
   Most vegetation was of a secondary nature reflecting ancient and varied
   histories of chena (slash and burn) cultivation, grassland/savanna
   burning for pastoral purposes, and recent logging. Medicinal plant
   species density was significantly correlated overall with higher
   rainfall, higher elevation, deeper and more acid soils. Derived
   population estimates and structures, and the potential for sustainable
   harvest from the wild, are assessed for 34 priority medicinal plant
   species. Results demonstrate the very low resource base of most priority
   species, and the varied habitat and disturbance requirements of
   medicinal plants in Sri Lankan reserves. It follows that (a) greater
   attention needs to be given to ex situ propagation and farming of
   medicinal plant resources-although for many long-lived perennial taxa
   this is likely to be impractical; (b) there can be no one management
   prescription which caters for all component species; and (c) for
   effective conservation local communities need to be actively involved in
   managing natural vegetation habitats (albeit under regulated
   conditions), including imposition of various forms of small-scale
   disturbances such as harvesting and, where appropriate, fire management.
   (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.009}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Russell-Smith, Jeremy/0000-0003-1489-2866}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000240273500003}},
}

@article{ WOS:000240722500007,
Author = {Andreev, Nadejda},
Title = {{Assessment of the status of wild populations of land snail (escargot)
   Helix pomatia L. in Moldova: the effect of exploitation}},
Journal = {{BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{15}},
Number = {{9}},
Pages = {{2957-2970}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Helix pomatia L., the Roman snail, is a species faced with growing
   commercial interest in Moldova. Its life history characteristics (slow
   maturation and recruitment, high mortality among juveniles and low
   fecundity) along with its strong spatial aggregation, makes it
   especially vulnerable to exploitation. In this study, differences in
   density, shell size and age distribution were assessed in 7 unexploited
   and 10 exploited sites in the northern and central parts of Moldova. A
   significant impact of exploitation on snail population densities, shell
   size of adult snails and age distribution was revealed. Exploited sites
   had much lower densities than unexploited ones and in two places no live
   snails were found. This may suggest that exploitation is currently
   carried out at an unsustainable level, but additional information on the
   demography of populations and intensity of exploitation is required in
   order to make inferences regarding sustainability and long-term
   population management. There was a higher proportion of adult snails in
   exploited sites than in non-exploited, because of the collection
   strategies: not only adults, but also all other age groups are gathered.
   Bigger adult shell size in exploited sites may be related to lower
   population density, but further study is required to confirm this.
   Establishing of well-organized population monitoring systems and
   development of snail breeding enterprises are proposed in order to
   conserve the species in Moldova.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10531-005-3433-1}},
ISSN = {{0960-3115}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lobo, Diele/I-9106-2012
   Andreev, Nadejda/N-2271-2017}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Andreev, Nadejda/0000-0002-6471-0904}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000240722500007}},
}

@article{ WOS:000203707500001,
Author = {Monro, Alex K. and Jones, David T. and Araujo P, Miguel E.},
Title = {{Taxonomic capacity can improve environmental and economic sustainability
   in biodiversity-rich shade coffee farms in El Salvador}},
Journal = {{SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{4}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{1-8}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{El Salvador has only 4.3\% of its natural forest remaining. The loss of
   so much natural forest suggests that a large proportion of El Salvador's
   biodiversity and a number of ecosystem services are at risk. However,
   11\% of the country's land area supports shade agroforest for coffee
   production (based on Coffea arabica L.), and this has become the major
   forest resource for the country. We suggest that shade agroforest
   supports a considerable amount of native biodiversity but that the
   capacity to monitor and assess this diversity is lacking. Studies
   elsewhere in the world indicate that shade agroforest has levels of
   biological diversity of the same order of magnitude to that of natural
   forest. Shade agroforest for coffee should therefore play a central role
   in the conservation of biological diversity in El Salvador. The status
   of shade agroforest for coffee in national policies on biodiversity
   conservation is reviewed. We then identify and review the taxonomic
   capacity required to meet El Salvador's Biodiversity Action Plan and
   identify significant overlap with the capacity needed to conserve
   biological diversity in El Salvador's shade coffee farms. Currently,
   shade coffee is not economically sustainable and shade farms are under
   threat of conversion to non-forest systems. Developing the taxonomic
   capacity required to underpin the monitoring and inventory of biological
   diversity in shade coffee farms could also exploit a synergy between the
   biodiversity or environmental value and the economic sustainability of
   shade coffee production. Biological diversity inventory data could,
   therefore, not only support El Salvador's Biodiversity Action Plan but
   also generate added value to the coffee price through
   `Biodiversity-friendly' and `Migratory bird-friendiy' premium payments
   from the specialist coffee market, thereby providing some insurance
   against the volatility of the open market.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S1477200005001878}},
ISSN = {{1477-2000}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000203707500001}},
}

@article{ WOS:000229448100022,
Author = {Schwartzman, S and Zimmerman, B},
Title = {{Conservation alliances with indigenous peoples of the Amazon}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2005}},
Volume = {{19}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{721-727}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Ongoing alliances between. indigenous peoples and conservation
   organizations in the Brazilian Amazon have helped achieve the official
   recognition of similar to 1 million km(2) of indigenous lands. The
   future of Amazonian indigenous reserves is of strategic importance for
   the fate Of biodiversity in the region. We examined the legislation
   governing resource use on indigenous lands and summarize the history of
   the Kayapo people's consolidation of their > 100,000 km(2) territory.
   Like many Amazonian indigenous peoples, the Kayapo have halted the
   expansion of the agricultural frontier on their lands but allow
   selective logging and gold mining. Prospects for long-term conservation
   and sustainability in these lands depend on indigenous peoples'
   understandings of their resource base and on available economic
   alternatives. Although forest conservation is not guaranteed by either
   tenure security or indigenous knowledge, indigenous societies'
   relatively egalitarian common property resource management regimes-along
   with adequate incentives and long-term partnerships with conservation
   organizations-can achieve this result. Successful initiatives include
   Conservation International's long-term project with the A'ukre Kayapo
   village and incipient large-scale territorial monitoring and control in
   the Kayapo territory, and the Instituto SocioAmbiental (ISA) 15-year
   partnership with the peoples of the Xingu Indigenous Park, with projects
   centered on territorial monitoring and control, education, community
   organization, and economic alternatives. The recent agreement on
   ecological restoration of the Xingu River headwaters between ranchers
   and private companies, indigenous peoples, and environmentalists,
   brokered by ISA, marks the emergence of an indigenous and conservation
   alliance of sufficient cohesiveness and legitimacy to negotiate
   effectively at a regional scale.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00695.x}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000229448100022}},
}

@article{ WOS:000221353300010,
Author = {Berkes, F},
Title = {{Rethinking community-based conservation}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{18}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{621-630}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Note = {{Conference of the Society-for-Conservation-Biology, Canterbury, ENGLAND,
   JUL, 2002}},
Organization = {{Soc Conservat Biol}},
Abstract = {{Community-based conservation (CBC) is based on the idea that if
   conservation and development could be simultaneously achieved, then the
   interests of both could be served. It has been controversial because
   community development objectives are not necessarily consistent with
   conservation objectives in a given case. I examined CBC from two angles.
   First, CBC can be seen in the context of paradigm shifts in ecology and
   applied ecology. I identified three conceptual shifts-toward a systems
   view, toward the inclusion of humans in the ecosystem, and toward
   participatory approaches to ecosystem management-that are interrelated
   and pertain to an understanding of ecosystems as complex adaptive
   systems in which humans are an integral part. Second, I investigated the
   feasibility of CBC, as informed by a number of emerging
   interdisciplinary fields that have been pursuing various aspects of
   coupled systems of humans and nature. These fields-common property,
   traditional ecological knowledge, environmental ethics, political
   ecology, and environmental history-provide insights for CBC. They may
   contribute to the development of an interdisciplinary conservation
   science with a more sophisticated understanding of social-ecological
   interactions. The lessons from these fields include the importance of
   cross-scale conservation, adaptive comanagement, the question of
   incentives and multiple stakeholders, the use of traditional ecological
   knowledge, and development of a cross-cultural conservation ethic.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00077.x}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Haberli, Daniel/B-2632-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Berkes, Fikret/0000-0001-8402-121X
   Newman, Gregory/0000-0003-0503-5782}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000221353300010}},
}

@article{ WOS:000182688900009,
Author = {Brown, AR and Riddle, AM and Cunningham, NL and Kedwards, TJ and
   Shillabeer, N and Hutchinson, TH},
Title = {{Predicting the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on fish
   populations}},
Journal = {{HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT}},
Year = {{2003}},
Volume = {{9}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{761-788}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{This study evaluates the applicability and sensitivity of fish
   population dynamics modeling in assessing the potential effects of
   individual chemicals on population sustainability and recovery. Fish
   reproductive health is all increasingly important issue for ecological
   risk assessment following international concern over endocrine
   disruption. Life-history data from natural brook trout and fathead
   minnow populations were combined with effects data from laboratory-based
   studies, mainly concerning species other than brook trout and fathead
   minnows, to assess the likely impact of nonylphenol (NP) and
   methoxychlor (MXC) on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and fathead
   minnow (Pimephales promelas) population size. A delay differential
   equation (DDE) model with a 1-day timestep was used to predict the
   population dynamics of the brook trout and fathead minnows. The model
   predicts that NP, could enhance populations by tip to 17\% at a
   concentration of 30 mug l(-1) based oil the results of reduction in
   survival and increased fecundity from life-cycle toxicity tests, however
   attempting to allow for growth reduction and its effect on fecundity
   results in a prediction of a 28\% reduction in population numbers. For
   fathead minnows the DDE model predicts that the same concentration of NP
   could cause a population reduction of 21\%. The differences in these
   predictions are related to these two species having different life
   history strategies, which are considered in the parameterization of the
   model. Post-application concentrations of MXC may peak around 300 mug
   l(-1) and then decline rapidly with time. Predictions show that such
   applications could cause a reduction of up to 30\% in brook trout
   populations if the application occurs at the peak of the spawning season
   on successive years but that the effect would be less than 1\% if the
   spawning season is avoided. Effects on the fathead minnow population
   size are predicted to be smaller (<4\%) even if application occurs
   during the spawning period. Risk based statistics generated by the
   population dynamics models, Such as interval decline risk or
   quasiextinction risk and predicted time to recovery complement
   traditional effects parameters such as LC50 and LOEC and may ultimately
   prove to be more useful in risk assessment.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/713609966}},
ISSN = {{1080-7039}},
EISSN = {{1549-7860}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hutchinson, Tom/0000-0001-8823-5442}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000182688900009}},
}

@article{ WOS:000173726400009,
Author = {Salas, LA and Kim, JB},
Title = {{Spatial factors and stochasticity in the evaluation of sustainable
   hunting of tapirs}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{16}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{86-96}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Sustainable bunting, the extraction of game without reducing its density
   is a desirable approach to the use of wildlife. Assessment of
   sustainable extraction in many parts of the world is difficult; it has
   recently been done by a method proposed by Robinson and Redford (1991):
   a maximum number of animals that can be extracted per unit area is
   calculated based on life-history parameters and density estimates. If
   extraction is higher than that maximum number, it is deemed
   unsustainable. We extended the method by adding spatial and stochastic
   components through an individual-based model of a population of female
   tapirs (Tapirus sp.) and conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate
   the importance of spatial and life-history parameters. Our analysis
   suggests that spatial factors, such as the shape of the hunted area and
   the size of the surrounding population, may be important in determining
   the sustainability of extraction. For long-lived, slow-reproducing
   mammals such as tapirs, survival to age of last reproduction is the most
   critical parameter, but the shape of the bunting zone and population
   density can be critical, especially in unsustainable hunting scenarios.
   We advocate long-term studies of tapirs to collect information on
   spatial movements and survival rates that could then be used for
   development of proper management plans.}},
DOI = {{10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00225.x}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Kim, John/0000-0002-3720-7916}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000173726400009}},
}

@article{ WOS:000167870400006,
Author = {Pethick, JS and Crooks, S},
Title = {{Development of a coastal vulnerability index: a geomorphological
   perspective}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2000}},
Volume = {{27}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{359-367}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Sustainable coastal resource management requires the safeguarding and
   transmission to future generations of a level and quality of natural
   resources that will provide an ongoing yield of economic and
   environmental services. All maritime nations are approaching this goal
   with different issues in mind. The UK, which has a long history of
   development and flood protection in coastal areas, has chosen to adopt
   shoreline management, rather than coastal management, so placing coastal
   defence above all else as its primary and statutory objective. This
   paper aims to provide a geomorphological perspective of long-term
   coastal evolution and seeks to compare the UK approach with wider
   interpretations of coastal management. Based on a literature review, it
   is argued that coastal management (CM) and shoreline management, as a
   subset of CM, should share the same ultimate objectives, which are
   defined by many authorities as sustainable use. The objectives, both
   strategic and pragmatic, which follow from such an aim may appear to
   conflict with a reading of many of the texts for international and
   national CM or designated area management which emphasizes stability
   rather than sustainability. The result is that coastal defence is seen
   not merely as a means to an end but as an end in itself. It is argued
   within this paper that sustainable use of the coast, however, demands
   both spatial and temporal flexibility of its component systems, and
   management for change must therefore be the primary objective. Response
   of the natural system to independent forcing factors must be encouraged
   under this objective, whether such forces are natural or anthropogenic.
   In achieving such an objective the concept of shoreline vulnerability
   may prove useful. A simple and preliminary Vulnerability Index is
   proposed, relating disturbance event frequency to relaxation time (the
   time taken for the coastal feature to recover its form). This index
   provides a first order approximation of the temporal variability that
   may be expected in landform components of the shoreline system, so
   allowing management to provide more realistic objectives for long-term
   sustainability in response to both natural and artificial forces.}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
EISSN = {{1469-4387}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000167870400006}},
}

@article{ WOS:000086697300032,
Author = {Fitzgerald, LA and Painter, CW},
Title = {{Rattlesnake commercialization: long-term trends, issues, and
   implications for conservation}},
Journal = {{WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN}},
Year = {{2000}},
Volume = {{28}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{235-253}},
Month = {{SPR}},
Abstract = {{Rattlesnakes are commercially exploited to supply an international trade
   in skins, meal, gall bladders, and curies. Five species are used in 8
   states: western diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) in Texas,
   Oklahoma, and New Mexico; eastern diamondback rattlesnakes (C.
   adamanteus) in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia; prairie rattlesnakes (C.
   viridis) in Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico; and timber
   rattlesnakes (C. horridus) in Pennsylvania, Georgia, Alabama, and
   Florida. Blacktail rattlesnakes (C. molossus) occasionally appear in the
   trade in New Mexico and Texas. The trade is linked to rattlesnake
   roundups, which are economically important to local communities. We
   estimated that 15\% of the western diamondback and eastern diamondback
   rattlesnakes entering the trade originate from roundups. In the 1990s,
   probably <125,000 rattlesnakes of all species entered the trade yearly.
   Analyses of long-term data from 3 rattlesnake roundups showed variable
   trends in rate of take, number of hunters, and pounds of snakes/hunter.
   Analysis of the take of western diamondback rattlesnakes from 1959 to
   1997 at the roundup at Sweetwater, Texas, showed no long-term trends,
   but was characterized by extreme variability. Body size (snout-vent
   length {[}SVL] and mass) and sex ratios of hunted western diamondback
   rattlesnakes varied significantly by region and through time. These
   differences were probably due more to geographic and temporal variation
   than to the effects of hunting. Rattlesnake harvests of all species were
   male-biased, and a few hunters collected the majority of the take. A
   model of the economic impacts of imposing size restrictions on
   rattlesnake harvests showed that hunters earn 19\% more money when
   restricting take to rattlesnakes >90 cm SVL (size at maturity of most
   females) whereas profit to the industry increased 6\%. Size limits below
   90 cm SVL would minimally impact total take; restricting take to
   rattlesnakes >90 cm SVL would reduce number of immature females by
   almost 50\%. Rattlesnake species differ in susceptibility to
   overexploitation, and research on life-history variation of rattlesnakes
   should be an important management priority. Information also is needed
   on local versus regional impacts of hunting, and monitoring information
   is needed for the entire trade. Rattlesnakes are traded alive, and
   issues relating to the treatment of live rattlesnakes need to be
   considered when developing management plans for North American
   rattlesnakes.}},
ISSN = {{0091-7648}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Fitzgerald, Lee/0000-0001-5648-9480}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000086697300032}},
}

@article{ WOS:000081652300009,
Author = {Abbot, JIO and Homewood, K},
Title = {{A history of change: causes of miombo woodland decline in a protected
   area in Malawi}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{1999}},
Volume = {{36}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{422-433}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{1. Tropical dry woodlands are thought to be declining as a result of
   human activity. Aerial photograph analysis showed measurable conversion
   of closed canopy miombo{*} to sparse woodland in Lake Malawi National
   Park, Malawi, from 1982 to 1990. This multi-disciplinary study
   investigates the possible contributions to these impacts by local use of
   domestic fuelwood, construction poles and fuelwood for commercial fish
   smoking.
   2, Domestic fuelwood use was measured in 30 households over an 11-month
   period. Domestic fuelwood is collected by women and is headloaded to the
   village. It comprises a large biomass of mainly dead wood and small
   branches over a wide species range. Mean total annual domestic fuelwood
   consumption by the total enclave population was less than half the mean
   annual production of fallen dead wood in the Park, estimated from three
   quadrats harvested monthly over an 11-month period.
   3. Construction poles are mostly small, have extended durability and
   come from a broad species range. Fencing poles frequently take root to
   form live hedges. Eucalyptus trees are commonly grown for poles.
   Construction pole use appears sustainable and shows signs of
   substitution.
   4. The 305 commercial fish smoking stations in the enclaves used less
   fuelwood annually than domestic fuelwood users. However, the men who
   undertake this activity target large branches and logs from a narrow
   species range, involving destructive felling of canopy species. 95\% of
   men collecting fuel for fish smoking use cutting tools and
   three-quarters transport the wood by boat or bicycle.
   5. The scale, size classes and species involved in commercial fish
   smoking suggest that this activity drives the observed degradation of
   closed canopy to sparse woodland. Traditional local fishing focused on
   small species sun-dried for preservation. Commercial fish smoking was
   introduced relatively recently by immigrants, along with gill netting
   that harvests larger fish requiring smoking for preservation. Demand for
   fish by ever-increasing urban populations underpins the continuing
   growth of the fish smoking industry.
   6. Disaggregation of different wood use practices allows informed
   management policy for the Park. Currently, management targets and
   penalizes domestic fuelwood collectors. While seeking to reduce demand
   and provide alternative fuelwood sources, law enforcement and forestry
   extension should be reorientated to address the extraction of fuelwood
   for fish smoking.}},
DOI = {{10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00413.x}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Homewood, Katherine/K-6151-2019}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Homewood, Katherine/0000-0001-7391-985X}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000081652300009}},
}

@article{ WOS:000078271000006,
Author = {Callicott, JB and Crowder, LB and Mumford, K},
Title = {{Current normative concepts in conservation}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{1999}},
Volume = {{13}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{22-35}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{A plethora of normative conservation concepts have recently emerged,
   most of which are ill-defined: biological diversity biological
   integrity, ecological restoration ecological services, ecological
   rehabilitation, ecological sustainability, sustainable development
   ecosystem health, ecosystem management adaptive management and keystone
   species are salient among them These normative concepts can be organized
   and interpreted by reference to two new schools of conservation
   philosophy, compositionalism and functionalism. The former comprehends
   nature primarily by means of evolutionary ecology and considers Homo
   sapiens separate from nature. The latter comprehends nature primarily by
   means of ecosystem ecology and considers Homo sapiens a part Of nature.
   Biological diversity, biological integrity and ecological restoration
   belong primarily in the compositionalist glossary; the rest belong
   primarily in the functionalist glossary. The former set are more
   appropriate norms for reserves, the latter for areas that are humanly
   inhabited and exploited. In contrast to the older schools of
   conservation philosophy, preservationism and resourcism,
   compositionalism and functionalism are complementary, not competitive
   and mutually exclusive. As the historically divergent ecological
   sciences-evolutionary ecology and ecosystem ecology-are increasingly
   synthesized, a more unified philosophy of conservation can be
   envisioned.}},
DOI = {{10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97333.x}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
EISSN = {{1523-1739}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000078271000006}},
}

@article{ WOS:000074918400009,
Author = {Barnard, P and Brown, CJ and Jarvis, AM and Robertson, A and van Rooyen,
   L},
Title = {{Extending the Namibian protected area network to safeguard hotspots of
   endemism and diversity}},
Journal = {{BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{1998}},
Volume = {{7}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{531-547}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Namibia's state protected area network (PAN) covers 13.8\% of the
   country's land area, but is seriously inadequate;Is a basis for
   effective biodiversity conservation. The early parks system was not
   designed with biological diversity in mind, and reflects instead a
   history of ideological, economic and veterinary considerations.
   Currently, parks in the Namib Desert biome make up 69\% of the PAN,
   while savanna and woodland biomes are somewhat underrepresented (7.5 and
   8.4\% of their respective land areas), and the Karoo biome is badly
   underrepresented (1.6\%). Four of 14 desert vegetation types are
   comprehensively protected, with 67 to 94\% representation in the PAN,
   yet six savanna types have 0 to 2\% representation by area. Mountain
   Savanna, a vegetation type unique to Namibia, is wholly unprotected. The
   status of two marine reserves, which in theory protect only 0.01\% of
   Namibia's marine environment, needs clarification and augmentation with
   new reserves. Nearly 85\% of Namibia's land is zoned for agriculture, so
   effective biodiversity protection means working outside the PAN to
   improve the sustainability and diversity of farming practices. Wildlife
   conservancies on commercial and communal farmlands show excellent
   potential to mitigate the ecological skew in the state PAN, with the
   ecological management of large areas being decentralized to rural
   communities in habitats otherwise neglected for conservation. Two
   important endemism zones, the Kaoko escarpment and coastal plain and the
   Sperrgebiet succulent steppe, plus the species-rich Caprivi area, offer
   three valuable opportunities for regional consolidation of protected
   areas into transboundary `peace parks' or biosphere reserves.}},
DOI = {{10.1023/A:1008831829574}},
ISSN = {{0960-3115}},
EISSN = {{1572-9710}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000074918400009}},
}

@article{ WOS:000072094300016,
Author = {Slade, NA and Gomulkiewicz, R and Alexander, HM},
Title = {{Alternatives to Robinson and Redford's method of assessing overharvest
   from incomplete demographic data}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{1998}},
Volume = {{12}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{148-155}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Conservation biologists often must make decisions about the
   sustainability of harvest rates based on minimal demographic
   information. To assist them Robinson anti Redford (1991) formulated a
   method to estimate maximum rates of production which could be used to
   detect overharvesting based on only age at first reproduction,
   fecundity, and maximum longevity. By assuming constant adult survival we
   reduced the Euler equation to a simple form that allows calculation of
   population growth from the same minimal demographic data, brit that can
   incorporate empirical prereproductive and adult survival rates if
   available. With this formula, we computed growth rates rising various
   explicit survival schedules, and we compared these rates and those from
   Robinson and Redford's (1991) method to rates calculated from 19
   relatively complete mammalian life tables gleaned from the literature.
   When we applied our method (assuming 1\% survival to maximum longevity)
   and that of Robinson and Redford (1991) to the same minimal demographic
   data, we found that our growth rates were closer to those from complete
   life tables. We therefore reexamined the data of Fa et al (1995) and
   Fitzgibbon et al. (1995), who analyzed overharvesting of several
   populations of commercially exploited African mammals based on Robinson
   and Redford's (1991) methods Our reanalysis indicates that several
   additional populations may be overharvested. Our analysis also suggests
   that data on survival to age at first reproduction improves estimates of
   population growth rates more than data on age-specific adult survival.
   Regardless of the method, approximate growth rates based on incomplete
   life tables can be used to detect when populations are overharvested,
   brit one should not conclude that harvest rates are sustainable when
   they are less than approximate production rates because simplifying
   assumptions often lend to overestimates.}},
DOI = {{10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96273.x}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000072094300016}},
}

@article{ WOS:A1997YK80600017,
Author = {Marsh, H and Harris, ANM and Lawler, IR},
Title = {{The sustainability of the indigenous dugong fishery in Torres strait,
   Australia Papua New Guinea}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{1997}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1375-1386}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{The sustainability of the indigenous dugong (Dugong dugon) fishery in
   Torres Strait is evaluated on the basis of aerial survey estimates of
   the size of the regional dugong population in 1987 and 1991 and a survey
   of catches of dugongs taken by local communities between 1991 and 1993.
   The estimate of the dugong population in the Torres Strait region in
   November-December 1991 was 24,225 (+/- SE 3,276) compared with the
   corresponding estimate of 13,319 (+/- SE 2,136) for November 1987. The
   difference between the two estimates cannot be explained by natural
   increase of the population or variations in the sighting conditions
   encountered during the two aerial surveys. We believe this difference is
   due to a major redistribution of dugongs within the survey region or
   migration into Tot-res Strait, probably from Irian Jaya (Indonesia).
   Dugongs are a major component of the traditional fishery in Torres
   Strait. The biomass of dugongs landed between June 1991 and May 1993 was
   higher than the weight of any other component of the traditional catch.
   The estimated annual dugong catch of 1226 (+/- SE 204) was higher than
   previous catch estimates. It is impossible to verify the sustainability
   of this harvest without an understanding of the movements of the dugong
   population, better absolute estimates of dugong population size, dugong
   catch statistics for Papua New Guinea and adjacent regions in Australia,
   and current estimates of life history parameters for dugongs in Torres
   Strait, all of which will be difficult to obtain. The mean estimate of
   the annual dugong catch in Torres Strait for 1991-1993, however, is
   approximately 5\% of the mean estimate of the dugong population size in
   1991. This is too close to the estimated maximum rate of increase of the
   dugong population to be sustainable if the estimate of dugong numbers is
   close to an absolute estimate or if there is substantial emigration of
   dugongs from the area. Co-management arrangements must be developed
   between the government agencies responsible for the dugong fishery and
   the Torres Strait Islanders in order to develop management strategies
   that will provide for the Islander's traditional hunting expectations
   and maintain dugong numbers.}},
DOI = {{10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95309.x}},
ISSN = {{0888-8892}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lawler, Ivan R/G-3901-2010
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Marsh, Helene/0000-0003-3492-4992}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:A1997YK80600017}},
}

@article{ WOS:A1996UA98400005,
Author = {Aylward, B and Allen, K and Echeverria, J and Tosi, J},
Title = {{Sustainable ecotourism in Costa Rica: The Monteverde Cloud Forest
   Preserve}},
Journal = {{BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{1996}},
Volume = {{5}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{315-343}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{The paper discusses the sustainability of the Monteverde Cloud Forest
   Preserve in the context of Costa Rican ecotourism. While the history of
   the Preserve is somewhat unique, the analysis of visitation, financial,
   ecological and economic factors provides a convincing case that tourism
   at the Preserve is sustainable. The experience of the Preserve is also
   put in the context of Costa Rican ecotourism, particularly to the
   national parks. The paper concludes that the Preserve has played a very
   important role in the development of Costa Rica as an ecotourism
   destination. Nonetheless, the failure of experience at the Preserve to
   inform recent changes in national park pricing policy reveal that Costa
   Rica has yet to fully capitalize on the experience gained and lessons
   learned at the Preserve.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/BF00051777}},
ISSN = {{0960-3115}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:A1996UA98400005}},
}

@article{ WOS:A1992JR04400004,
Author = {HEINEN, JT and LOW, RS},
Title = {{HUMAN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{1992}},
Volume = {{19}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{105-116}},
Month = {{SUM}},
Abstract = {{We contend that humans, as living organisms, evolved to sequester
   resources to maximize reproductive success, and that many basic aspects
   of human behaviour reflect this evolutionary history. Much of the
   environment with which we currently deal is evolutionarily novel, and
   much behaviour which is ultimately not in our own interests, persists in
   this novel environment. Environmentalists frequently stress the need for
   `sustainable development', however it is defined (see Redclift, 1987),
   and we contend that a knowledge of how humans are likely to behave with
   regard to resource use, and therefore a knowledge of what kinds of
   programmes are likely to work in any particular situation, is necessary
   to achieve sustainability. Specifically, we predict that issues which
   are short-term, local, and/or acute, such as an immediate health-risk,
   will be much easier to solve than issues which are broad, and which
   affect individuals other than ourselves, our relatives, and our friends.
   The bigger the issue is, the less effective is likely to be the
   response. Hence, the biggest and most troublesome ecological issues will
   be the most difficult to solve - inter alia because of our evolutionary
   history as outlined above.
   This may not appear to bode well for the future of the world; for
   example, Molte (1988) contends that there are several hundred
   international environmental agreements in place, but Carroll (1988)
   contends that, in general, none of them is particularly effective if the
   criterion for effectiveness is a real solution to the problem. There are
   countless examples of `aggressors' (those nations causing the problem)
   not complying with an agreement, slowing its ratification, or reducing
   its effectiveness (e.g. the US versus Canada, or Great Britain versus
   Sweden, with regard to acid rain legislation: Fig. 1, cf. Bjorkbom,
   1988). The main problem in these cases is that the costs are
   externalized and hence discounted by those receiving the benefits of
   being able to pollute. Any proposed change is bound to conflict with
   existing social structures, and negotiations necessarily involve
   compromise in a quid pro quo fashion (Brewer, 1980). We contend, along
   with Caldwell (1988) and Putnam (1988), than nations are much too large
   to think of as individual actors in these spheres. Interest groups
   within nations can affect ratification of international environmental
   treaties; for example, automobile industry interests versus those of
   environmental NGOs in the USA on the acid rain issue. It may even be
   that our evolutionary history is inimical to the entire concept of die
   modem nation state.
   Barring major, global, socio-political upheaval, we suggest that a
   knowledge of the evolution of resource use by humans can be used to
   solve at least some resource-related problems in modem industrial
   societies. In some cases, these can probably be solved with information
   alone, and in other cases, the problems can probably be solved by
   playing on our evolutionary history as social reciprocators;
   environmental problems which tend to be relatively local and short-term
   may be solvable in these ways. Economic incentives can provide solutions
   to many other types of problems by manipulating die cost and benefits to
   individuals. We suggest that broader, large-scale environmental problems
   are much more difficult to solve than narrower, small-scale ones,
   precisely because humans have evolved to discount such themes; stringent
   regulations and the formation of coalitions, combined with economic
   incentives to use alternatives and economic disincentives (fines) not to
   do so, may be die only potential solutions to some major, transboundary
   environmental issues.
   In preparing this argument, we have reviewed literature from many
   scholarly fields well outside the narrow scope of our expertise in
   behavioural ecology and wildlife conservation. Our reading of many works
   from anthropology, economics, political science, public policy, and
   international development, will doubtless seem naive and simplistic to
   practitioners of those fields, and solving all environmental problems
   will ultimately take expertise from all of these fields and more. In
   general, however, we have found agreement for many of our ideas from
   these disparate disciplines, but much of their literature does not allow
   for a rigorous, quantitative hypothesis-testing approach to analysing
   the main thesis presented here - an approach that we, as scientists,
   would encourage. We hope to challenge people interested in environmental
   issues from many perspectives, to consider our arguments and find
   evidence, pro or con, so that we (collectively) may come closer to a
   better analysis of, and ultimately to solutions for, our most pressing
   environmental problems.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0376892900030575}},
ISSN = {{0376-8929}},
EISSN = {{1469-4387}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:A1992JR04400004}},
}
