1. Inferior volsella placed close to apex of gonocoxite, sharply triangular with flap-like accessory lobe underneath; gonostylus attenuate; anal point absent or represented by fold; postcubital fork present (Figs 77–79).................................................................................................................................................................... P. brachydicrana (Edwards)
– Inferior volsella not placed close to apex of gonocoxite; gonostylus less attenuate; anal point present or absent; postcubital fork present or absent........................................................................................................................................ 2
2. Anal point hyaline; region between inferior and superior volsellae sclerotized along inner margin (Figs 134–135).................................................................................................................................................................... P. lamasi sp. n.
– Anal point present or absent, when present, microtrichiose; region between inferior and superior volsellae never sclerotized along inner margin...................................................................................................................................... 3
3. Superior volsella absent or consisting of basal swelling of inner margin of gonocoxite; inferior volsella bulge-like to long and curved; median volsella absent; anal point well developed........................................................................... 4
– Superior volsella digitiform, inferior volsella variable, but not bulge-like; median volsella present, often divided; anal point absent to well developed............................................................................................................................ 14
4. Palp reduced with palpomeres 2–5 subequal in length................................................................................................. 5
– Palpomeres not reduced................................................................................................................................................ 6
5. Transverse sternapodeme un-sclerotized; crista dorsalis well developed, apical; costa not extended; R 4+5 ending proximal to the apex of Cu 1 (Figs 157–159)............................................................................................... P. palpina sp. n.
– Transverse sternapodeme sclerotized; crista dorsalis not evident; costal extension 68–94 µm long; R 4+5 ending distal to the apex of Cu 1 (Figs 71–73).......................................................................................................... P. amorimi sp. n.
6. R 4+5 ending distal to M 3+4; penis cavity sclerotized (Figs 163–165)..................................................... P. paulista sp. n.
– R 4+5 ending proximal to M 3+4; penis cavity generally not sclerotized (except for P. windwardensis from which it can be differentiated as the costa is extended in the latter)................................................................................................. 7
7. Virga with lateral lamellae; inferior volsella weak, adpressed; superior volsella with strong orally directed microtrichia................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
– Virga without lateral lamellae; inferior volsella well developed; superior volsella absent or without conspicuously strong microtrichia........................................................................................................................................................ 9
8. Gonostylus without outer corner (Fig. 140)...................................................................................... P. lamellata sp. n.
– Gonostylus with pronounced outer corner (Figs 185–187).................................................................... P. tropis sp. n.
9. Virga strong, composed of two strong spines, longer than half the length of phallapodeme; postcubital fork absent; R 4+5 ending proximal to apex of Cu 1 (Figs 91–93)............................................................................... P. carioca sp. n.
– Virga strong or weak, generally shorter than half the length of phallapodeme, when longer, postcubital fork present; R 4+5 ending distal or opposite to apex of Cu 1............................................................................................................. 10
10. Postcubital fork absent; anal point absent or barely indicated.................................................................................... 11
– Postcubital fork present; anal point well developed................................................................................................... 13
11. Virga consisting of a single plate-like spine (Fig. 153)............................................................................ P. nana sp. n.
– Virga consisting of two distinct spines........................................................................................................................ 12
12. Inferior volsellae posterior on gonocoxite (Figs 205–206)................................................. P. windwardensis (Saether)
– Inferior volsellae not posterior on gonocoxite (Figs 171–172).............................................................. P. pinhoi sp. n.
13. Third palpomere with apical projection and 7–13 sensilla clavata (Fig. 126)..................................................................................................................................................................................... P. joaquimvenancioi (Messias et Oliveira)
– Third palpomere without apical projection, with 2–3 sensilla clavata (Fig. 101)............................. P. digitata Saether
14. Gonostylus distinctly bilobed...................................................................................................................................... 15
– Gonostylus simple or if bilobed, secondary lobe adpressed to gonostylus................................................................. 19
15. Secondary lobe of gonostylus much shorter than main lobe, not hook-like; anal point absent................................ 16
– Secondary lobe of gonostylus about as long as or longer than main lobe; anal point present.................................... 18
16. Median volsellae with single lobe (Figs 98–99)............................................................................ P. catarinense sp. n.
– Median volsellae double, sometimes with ventral lobe partly covered by dorsal lobe.............................................. 17
17. Median volsellae double with the two lobes well separated (Figs 178–179)........................................ P. roquei sp. n.
– Median volsellae double with ventral lobe partly covered by dorsal lobe (Figs 84–86).................................................................................................................................................................................................... P. cambuciensis sp. n.
18. Secondary lobe of gonostylus much longer than main lobe (Fig. 66).................................................. P. adunca sp. n.
– Secondary lobe of gonostylus about as long as main lobe (Fig. 199).................................................... P. uncata sp. n.
19. Secondary lobe of gonostylus consisting of an outer lateral hump with long microtrichia........................................ 20
– Secondary lobe of gonostylus absent or when present adpressed to inner median side of gonostylus..................... 21
20. Median volsella apically bifid; inferior volsella with digitiform anterior lobe; anal point absent (Figs 116–117)................................................................................................................................................................... P. gibbistyla sp. n.
– Median volsella simple; inferior volsella with broad, rounded anterior lobe; anal point present, but small (Figs 192– 193)................................................................................................................................................... P. umbonata sp. n.
21. Median volsella nearly as long as superior volsella; superior volsella with basal anterior projection carrying 2–4 setae; gonostylus bilobed with secondary lobe adpressed to gonostylus (Figs 146–147).................. P. magdae sp. n.
– Median volsella much shorter than superior volsella; superior volsella without basal anterior projection carrying setae, but often with setae variably placed on projections; gonostylus simple or when bilobed secondary lobe indistinct and adpressed to gonostylus............................................................................................................................... 22
22. Virga absent or not sclerotized; median volsella broadly rounded to subquadrangular (Figs 123–124).................................................................................................................................................................................... P. invirgata sp. n.
– Virga present; median volsella subtriangular, shorter than wide (Figs 110–111)............... P. forcipata (Goetghebuer)