Key to the second-instar females of Kermesidae species of Israel

1. Venter with quinquelocular pores on abdominal segments; legs fully-developed.................................... 2

- Venter without quinquelocular pores on abdominal segments; legs only 1–3 segmented.............................. 4

2. Marginal setae spatulate; with ten quinquelocular pores anterior to tentorium..................... K. spatulatus (Fig. 35)

- Marginal setae non-spatulate; with fewer than ten quinquelocular pores anterior to tentorium.......................... 3

3. Six quinquelocular pores present anterior to tentorium; with four longitudinal rows of quinquelocular pores on abdominal seg- ments............................................................................... K. nahalali (Fig. 27)

- Two quinquelocular pores present anterior to tentorium; with two longitudinal rows of quinquelocular pores on abdominal seg- ments................................................................................. K. greeni (Fig. 11)

4. Antennae 30–50 µm long; legs 1 segmented without a claw..................................... K. echinatus (Fig. 3)

- Antennae 60–110 µm long; legs 3 segmented with a claw...................................................... 5

5 Dorsal conical setae present; venter with bilocular pores.................................... K. hermonensis (Fig. 19)

- Dorsal conical setae absent; venter without bilocular pores................................. N. balachowskii (Fig. 43)