Bathypterois dubius Vaillant, 1888: 124, Pls. 9, 12, 14, 15. Type locality: Azores, Atlantic Ocean. Bathypterois dubius, Quéro & Ribes, 1999: 200 –204 (synonymized B. mediterraneus with B. dubius); Bathypterois mediterraneus Bauchot, 1962: 639, Figs. 4 b, 6. Type locality: Rosas, Costa Brava, Spain. Bathypterois mediterraneus, Klausewitz, 1989: 255; Galil & Goren, 1994: 48; Goren & Galil, 1997: 201; 2002: 151; Gates et
al., 2012: 217–219.
Distribution. Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean; depth range 260–2800 m.
Comment. Quero & Ribes (1999), who compared the populations of B. mediterraneus and B. dubius from the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean, concluded that they are identical and B. mediterraneus is a junior synonym of B. dubius. Froese & Pauly (2014) stated that B. mediterraneus "may be valid". Further taxonomic study using molecular tools may resolve the issue.