The Edwards Aquifer is home to two of the largest spring systems in Texas and numerous other springs. These springs have been an important water source to humans for thousands of years and habitat for some endangered species that are found nowhere else on earth.

Where artesian pressure is sufficient, water is forced to the surface through faults and other natural fracture to form springs.

Spring flow is dependant upon recharge and conservation. Declining aquifer leves can result in reduced flow, or no flow if water levels drop below the elevation of the spring openings.

Spring water provides a habitat for aquifer species, water for downstream users, and fresh inflows for the bays and estuaries along the Texas Gulf Coast.

The 1950’s drought of record brought historically low aquifer and spring flow levels to South Texas. Today, a similar drought, coupled with a larger population and pumping demands, could have devastating effects on the aquifer. Drought management plans mandated by the EAA reduce pumping during critical period to as much as 44% in the most severe stage of drought.

Historical data representing the spring levels within the aquifer for each year measured in feet above mean sea level. The markers indicate stream gauges used to measure the aquifer levels.

Scientists study the Texas Blind Salamander and Fountain Darter, along with other endangered species, to help determine the best way of protecting them for future generations to enjoy.

EAA technicians and divers from Texas State University work together to take water quality samples from Deep Spring, nearly 30 feet below the surface.

The Edwards Aquifer region found a way to come together in order to meet the needs of a hugely diverse set of interests. The Habitat Conservation Plan provides certainty to the region by affirming local control over use of the Edwards Aquifer.