1900-2050 Model Results from EMEP MSC-W and MATCH model
=======================================================

The data-repository contains chemical transport model (CTM) results (S- and N- deposition, and ozone) for the period 1900-2050 from two CTMs, as used in the paper:

  * Engardt, M., Simpson, D., Schwikowski, M., Granat, L., 2017. Deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in Europe 1900–2050. Model calculations and comparison to historical observations. Tellus Ser. B Chem. Phys. Meteorol. 69 (1):1328945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2017.1328945.


The CTMs were the EMEP MSC-W model (v4.4) and the Swedish MATCH model ("c22" runs), both driven by identical meteorology and emissions. Meteorological data for both were from the Regional Climate Model RCA3 (Samuelsson et al., 2011), which covered the period from 1960 onwards. Meteorology for 1900-1959 was generated by assigning random years of 1960 to 1969 to represent each of the years 1900 through 1959. Emissions were generated by combining a number of sources, see Engardt et al., 2017.  For other details of the CTM setups, and appropriate references, see Engardt et 2017.

These models runs were undertaken to support the EU 7th Framework project ECLAIRE - Effects of climate change in air pollution impacts and response strategies for European ecosystems (http://www.eclaire.ceh.ac.uk/).


Contacts
========

Magnuz Engardt, magnuz.engardt@slb.nu,  Miljöförvaltningen, SLB-analys, Stockholm, Sweden (was at Swedish Hydrological Inst. at time of ECLAIRE study).

David Simpson, david.simpson@met.no, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway (also Chalmers Univ. Technol., Gothenburg, Sweden).


The grid
=========

All results are provided in the same grid projection as used by the RCA3 model and CTMs - a rotated latitude longitude grid of ca. 50x50 km2 (0.44x0.44 degrees).  The file Map-RCA_Coords.txt provides the mapping between the ix,iy coordinates used in the other data-files and the longitude and latitude.


The data
=========

The emep_rv4p4 and match_c22 directories contain data for sulphur and nitrogen deposition, and for ozone. The file names should make the content clear,
but some examples are given here.

  Map-DDEP_NOY-1993.txt  : dry deposition for oxidised nitrogen for 1993, units are mg(N)/m2/year .
  Map-WDEP_NHX-1993.txt  : wet deposition for reduced nitrogen for 1993, units are mg(N)/m2/year.
  Map-TDEP_SOX-1993.txt  : total deposition for sulphur oxides for 1993, units are mg(S)/m2/year.
  Map-O3_MEAN-1993.txt   : mean ozone mixing ratios (ppb)
  Map-O3_MEANOFDMAX-1993.txt : mean of daily maximum ozone mixing ratios (ppb)

Note that for all compounds, TDEP is just DDEP + WDEP.

Each row of these files contains ix and iy coordinates (see comments on grid above), and the value. (No header line is given.)

In addition, the Inputs directory contains the surface precipitation (in mm/year) as provided by the RCA3 model.

Caveats
=======

For these trend runs N-emissions from natural sources (lightning, wild-fires, soil-NO) were set to zero to aid model comparabilty. Deposition from these sources should be added to get a more complete picture of deposition amounts. See Engardt et al 2017 for further comments on the uncertainties in model estimates.

Acknowledgements
================

Creation of these data was an extremely demanding task. We would ask that anyone using the data cite:

  1. Engardt et al 2017 and the appropriate CTM citations from that reference

  2. The doi for this zenodo repository

  3. Relavent references for which CTM model was used.


Other papers linked to these CTM and/or RCA3 results
====================================================

(For EMEP and MATCH CTM documentation, see citations in Engardt et al 2017)

De Vries, W., Posch, M., Simpson, D., Reinds, G.J., 2017. Modelling long-term impacts of changes in climate, nitrogen deposition and ozone exposure on carbon sequestration of European forest ecosystems. Sci. Total Environ. 605–606, 1097–1116.

Engardt, M. and Langner, J. 2013. Simulations of future sulphur and nitrogen deposition over Europe using meteorological data from three regional climate projections. Tellus 65, 20348. DOI:10.3402/ tellusb.v65i0.20348.

Langner, J., Engardt, M., and Andersson, C.: European summer surface ozone 1990–2100, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10097–10105, doi:10.5194/acp-12-10097-2012, 2012a.

Langner, J., Engardt, M., Baklanov, A., Christensen, J. H., Gauss, M., Geels, C., Hedegaard, G. B., Nuterman, R., Simpson, D., Soares, J., Sofiev, M., Wind, P., and Zakey, A.: A multi-model study of impacts of climate change on surface ozone in Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10423–10440, doi:10.5194/acp-12-10423-2012, 2012b.

Samuelsson, P., Jones, C. G., Willen, U., Ullerstig, A., Gollvik, S. and co-authors. 2011. The Rossby Centre Regional Climate model RCA3: model description and performance. Tellus 63, 4–23. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00478.x.

Simpson, D., Andersson, C., Christensen, J. H., Engardt, M., Geels, C.  and co-authors. 2014. Impacts of climate and emission changes on nitrogen deposition in Europe: a multi-model study. Atmos. Chem.  Phys. 14, 6995–7017. DOI:10.5194/acp-14-6995-2014.

Tuovinen, J.-P., Hakola, H., Karlsson, P.E. and Simpson, D. 2013.  Air pollution risks to Northern European forests in a changing climate. In: Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges Understanding and Perspectives from Forest Research (eds. R.  Matyssek, N. Clarke, P. Cudlin, T. Mikkelsen, J. Tuovinen, G. Wieser and E. Paoletti) Vol. 13 of Developments in Environmental Scienceo chap. 5, Elsevier, Oxford, UK, pp. 77–99. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-08- 098349-3.00005-0

