Linked Earth landing page

Here you can find a pointer to the main concepts and ontologies in the Linked Earth specification.


Overview

The Linked Earth specification is divided in several documents to facilitate its navigation.

Accessing the Linked Earth Ontology

The following table contains the pointers to the Linked Earth ontologies:

Ontology Serialization License Language Description
The Linked Earth Core Ontology TURTLE BY-NC-SA/2.0 en The Linked Earth Core Ontology aims to provide a common vocabulary for annotating paleoclimatology data
The Proxy Archive Ontology TURTLE BY-NC-SA/2.0 en The Proxy Archive Ontology defines different types of proxy archives that we can find in a paleo climate dataset.
The Proxy Observation Ontology TURTLE BY-NC-SA/2.0 en The Proxy Observation Ontology defines different types of proxy observations that we can find in a paleo climate dataset.
The Proxy Sensor Ontology TURTLE BY-NC-SA/2.0 en The Proxy Sensor Ontology defines different types of proxy sensors that we can find in a paleo climate dataset.

Alternatively, you can access programatically with the following commands:

The Linked Earth concepts and relationships

Here you can find a list of the main concepts and relationships in the Linked Earth Documents, sorted in alphabetical order.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z

A

Al/Ca

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Ar-Ar

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Archea

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

Assemblage

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

author

Author of the resource

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

B

B/Ca

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Ba/Ca

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Bivalves

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

book

Book in which the publication was published

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

C

C

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

calibratedFrom

Property that indicates how the measured variable was calibrated

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

calibratedWith

How was the variable calibrated to represent climate or chronology?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

CalibrationModel

Metadata about how the variable was calibrated to reflect an environmental variable

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

calibrationReferences

The publication that describes the calibration. The string should follow the model set in the publication class

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Chemical

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Chironomids

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

ChronData

The Data pertaining to chronological information

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ChronDataTable

DataTable containing the Chronology Variables

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ChronModel

Model used to obtain the chronology

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

chronModeledBy

How was the chron data modeled?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ChronProxy

The data and metadata associated with how the chronology information was obtained.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

citation

Sentence indicating how a paper should be published

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ClayFraction

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

ClimateInterpretation

A suite of metadata that describe how a variable is interpreted to reflect past environmental variability

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ClimateProxy

Climate observations prior to the instrumental era are necessarily indirect. These observations are made on climate proxies in various geological (e.g. lake or marine sediments, living or fossil coral reefs, cave deposits), glaciological (ice cores or snow pits) or biological (trees) archives. Many types of measurements can be made on each archives, each sensing a different aspect of the environment (sometimes, several aspects at once). A paleoclimate dataset is a set of observations made on an archive.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Coccolithophores

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

collectedFrom

Where was the data in the dataset collected from? Generally, this is the site where the archive was collected.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Color

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Composition

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

contributor

Contributor of the resource (dataset, publication, etc.)

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Coral

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

D

d134S

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

d13C

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

d15N

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

d170

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

d180

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Data

An aggregation of DataTables and supporting information regarging the paleoenvironmental and/or chronological interpretation

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Dataset

A structured collection of related information, including - but not limited to - geographical, chronological, and measured or modeled paleoenvironmental data

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

datasetDate

Date when the dataset was published.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

datasetVersion

The version of the dataset. It should follow the x.y.z notation where x refers to changes in metadata and data following a publication (for instance, the creation of a new age model using a different code), y refers to changes to the data following a publication (for instance, adding data further back in time without changing the model underlying the interpretation), and z refers to changes not associated with a publication (for instance, typos).

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

DataTable

A set of Variables organized in columns

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

dD

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Density

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

description

The description of a resource. This property may be used to provide further details on instrument descriptions, uncertainty description,etc.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

detail

Answers the "of what" question for a Variable.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Diffraction

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

DiffuseSpectralReflectance

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

DistributionTable

Table that contains the probability on the inferred variables

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Document

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

E

email

email of an author or contributor

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

EnsembleTable

Table containing possible series of age models or proxy variability

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

equation

The mathematical statement used to describe the model.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

F

Faunal

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Fe/Ca

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Floral

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Fluorescence

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Foraminifera

Because of their population size, foraminifera produce a significant amount of oceanic carbonate, making them a valuable source of paleoceanographic information. The following parameters are used in paleoceanographic applications: * Faunal Assemblage * Geochemical measurements: * Isotopes * Stable oxygen isotopes * Stable carbon isotopes * Radiocarbon * Trace Elements

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

foundInDistributionTable

Property that indicates that a variable or data is found in a distribution table

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

foundInEnsembleTable

Property that indicates that the data or variable described was found in an ensemble table

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

foundInMeasurementTable

Property that indicates that a variable was found in a measurement table

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

foundInSummaryTable

Property that indicates that the describer data or variable was found in a summary table

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

foundInTable

Property that indicated the table where the described data can be found

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

fundedBy

Property that indicated the funding which made the dataset possible

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Funding

A source of funding for the creation of the Dataset

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

fundingAgency

The agency that funded the development of the Dataset

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

fundingCountry

Country which awarded the funding for the dataset

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

G

Gastropods

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

GlacierIce

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

GrainSize

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

grantNumber

The grant number associated with the development of the Dataset?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

H

hasCode

What is the mathematical formulation that describes the Model?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasColumnNumber

The table column number associated to a variable

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasDOI

As Digital Object Identifier for a given resource. For example: "oi:10.1191/095968301673881493"

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasExecutionCommand

The execution command needed to run the script or software

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasExecutionEnvironment

Execution environment of the code

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasFileName

Name of the CSV file containing the data table

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasID

ID for a variable in a table

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasISBN

Identifier used commonly to refer to publications.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasISSN

8-digit code used to udentify publications

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

A downloadable link of a resource

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasMissingValue

Indicates how the missing values are flagged in a dataset

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasProxyArchive

Archive associated with the proxy system

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasProxyArchiveModel

Property that links to the proxy archive model included in the proxy system model

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasProxyObservation

Type of proxy observation associtated with the proxy system (e.g, Mg/Ca)

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasProxyObservationModel

Property that links to the proxy observation model included in the proxy system model

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasProxySensor

Sensor associated with the proxy system

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasProxySensorModel

Property that links to the proxy sensor model included in the proxy system model

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasProxySystem

Proxy system associated to the measured variable

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasRank

Describes the importance of the ClimateInterpretation. For instance, d18Ocalcite is influenced by both temperature and d18Osw. If temperature is the dominant influence, then its rank is 1.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasResolution

What is the Resolution of the Archive?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasUncertainty

What is the Uncertainty associated with the Observations, Model, and Calibration?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasUnits

units in which a resource is measured The resource can be a Variable, an Observation, a Resolution, or an Uncertainty

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

hasValue

A column of values for the variable. The literal can be in the form of a vector of values (for instance d18O PaleoObservations), a vector of strings (for instance different paleoArchiveNames), a matrix or both

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Historic

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Hybrid

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

I

IceSheet

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

includesChronData

Pointer to the chron data included in the dataset

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

includesData

What are the paleoenvironmental and chronological Data included in the Dataset?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

includesPaleoData

The paleo data included as part of a dataset

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

includesVariable

What are the Variables included in the DataTable?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

inferredFrom

From which measured variable is the current inferred variable obtained?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

InferredVariable

Is the variable inferred from a measured variable?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

InorganicSensor

An inorganic sensor. Examples of inorganic sensors include: karst, snow, watershed, ice sheet, etc.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Instrument

A tool or implement used to produce MeasuredVariables

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

IntegrationTime

The integration time of the Archive or the Sensor

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Interpretation

A suite of metadata that describe how a variable is interpreted to reflect past variability, including environmental variability

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

interpretationDirection

Describes whether the interpreted environmental variable increases (positive) or decreases (negative) as the paleoDataVariableValue increases. The literal is a string , either "positive" or "negative"

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

interpretationReferences

Describes the basis by which the proxy variable is interpreted in terms of climate.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

interpretedAs

how is the variable interpreted?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

isLocal

Whether the influence on the MeasuredVariable (and therefore the Interpretation) is local or far-field. The literal is a string.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Isotope

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

IsotopeInterpretation

A suite of metadata that describe how a MeasuredVariable with instance Isotope is interpreted to reflect past variability, including environmental variability

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

issue

The issue number for the publication

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

J

journal

Property that indicated the journal in which the publication has been published

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

K

Karst

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

L

LakeSediment

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

LayerThickness

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

LeadIsotope

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Li/Ca

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Lithics

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Location

The geographic data and metadata for the dataset

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Luminescence

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

M

MagneticSusceptibility

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

MajorElement

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

MarineSediment

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

measuredBy

What Instrument was used to obtain the MeasuredVariables and Observations?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

measuredOn

On what Archive were the Observations measured on?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

MeasuredVariable

A measured variable represents the values of a column in a data table. Measured variables are ssn:Observations. Measured variable observe Proxy Observation properties

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

MeasurementTable

Table that contains the measuredVariables made on the Archive

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

method

Method used to obtain the information from the resource

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Mg/Ca

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

MineralMatter

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Mn/Ca

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Model

Any system that is at least partially isomorphic to some target system and used to derive information about the structure and/or dynamics of the target system.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

modeledBy

How was the process modeled?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

modelReferences

The publication that describes the model.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

MoistureContent

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Mollusk

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

MolluskShells

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

N

N

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

name

Name of the described resource

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Neodymium

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

NonPeerReviewedPublication

A publication that has not undergone a formal review process; for instance, a Dataset attached to a dissertation.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

notes

Notes regarding the cells in the DataTable

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

O

onProxyObservationProperty

Link to the proxy observation property observed in the current measured variable. For example, the observation "A" observed the proxy observation property "Mg/Ca"

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

orcidNumber

The ORCID number of the Person

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

OrganicIndex

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

OrganicMatter

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

OrganicSensor

An organic sensor. Examples of organic sensors include: foraminifera, trees, mollusks, polyps, etc.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Ostracods

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

P

P

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

pages

The page range for the article.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

PaleoData

The Data pertaining to past environmental variability

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

PaleoDataTable

DataTable containig PaleoData Variables

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

PaleoModel

Model describing how the measuredVariables are transformed into inferredVariables

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

paleoModeledBy

How was the paleoData modeled?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Peat

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

PeerReviewedPublication

A publication that has undergone a formal peer-reviewed process.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Permeability

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Person

A person that has participated directly or indirectly in the authoring or contribution of any resources in Linked Earth.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Physical

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Polyp

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

Porosity

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

principalInvestigator

Who is the PrincipalInvestigator of the Funding grant?

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ProxyArchive

The medium in which the response of a sensor to environmental forcing is recorded. Sensu Evans et al. (2013). Examples of archives include: marine sediments, corals, wood, lake sediments, speleothems, glacier ice, etc.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ProxyArchiveModel

A simplified description of how the sensor either creates or emplaces the signal into the archive. sensu Evans et al. 2013.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ProxyObservation

The type of measurements made on the archives, whether chemical (e.g., Mg/Ca, d18O, TEX86, Sr/Ca....), physical (e.g. density, layer thickness) or biological (e.g. species abundance).

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ProxyObservationModel

The simplified representation of the way in which observations are made on the archive. sensu Evans et al. 2013.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ProxySensor

The sensor comprises physical, chemical, and/or biological components that react to environmental conditions. Sensors often respond to more than one environmental variable, and may have complex responses to the environment they sense, including thresholds (record only part of the range of environmental conditions), seasonal biases (record environmental conditions over a few months of the year), and/or nonlinear responses (Evans et al. (2013))

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ProxySensorModel

A formalization of the behavior of the sensor in response to environmental forcing. Sensu Evans et al. 2013.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ProxySystem

Climate monitoring prior to the instrumental era are necessarily indirect. This indirect assessment is made on proxies. According to Evans et al. (2013), a proxy system is comprised of three components: - A ProxySensor - A ProxyArchive - A ProxyObservation

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

ProxySystemModel

In the Evans et al. (2013) framework, this is the combination of sensor, archive and observation models . "A generalized proxy system model encapuslates a simplified representation of prior physical, chemical, biological, and/or geological understanding of the ways in which environmental variation ultimately results in the observations used to retrieve paleoclimatic information."

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Publication

A document that serves as reference for a Dataset or its components

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

publicationYear

Year when the publication was published. The literal is a numeric value in the format yyyy

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

publishedIn

Where was the Dataset published? Property that relates a dataset to the publication where it was published.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

R

Radiocarbon

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Radioisotope

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Reflectance

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

relevantQuote

Relevant summary or preferably quotation from the referenced Publication

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Resistivity

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Resolution

Refers to the distance (physical or temporal) between each point on the archive. May or May not be related to sampling. Value with units

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Rock

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

S

SandFraction

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Sclerosponge

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

seasonality

fluctuating or restricted according to the season or time of year

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

sensingWith

Property that links the proxy archive to the target proxy sensor. This property determines how the archive senses the environment

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

sensorGenus

The Genus of the sensor

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

sensorSpecies

The species of the sensor

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Si

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

SiltFraction

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Snow

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

SoftwareCode

A script that describes the model, in any programming language (e.g., Excel, Matlab, Python, R)

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Spectral

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Speleothem

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

Sr/Ca

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

StableCarbonIsotope

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

StableHydrogenIsotope

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

StableIsotope

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

StableNitrogenIsotope

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

StableOxygenIsotope

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

StableSulfurIsotope

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

standard

The standard against which the observations are reported (for instance, VSMOW or VPDB)

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

SummaryTable

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

T

takenAtDepth

Depth result at which the observation is taken

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

TEX86

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

title

Title of a publication

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

TraceElement

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Tree

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

U

U-Th

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Uk37

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Uncertainty

A state of incomplete knowledge that can result from a lack of information or from disagreement about what is known or even knowable. Uncertainty may come from many sources, from imprecision in the data to ambigously defined concepts or terminology, or uncertain projections of human bahavior. Uncertainty can be represented by quantitative measures (e.g., probability density function) or by qualitative statement (e.g., reflecting the judgement of a team of experts. Sensu IPCC AR5

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

uncertaintyLevel

Quantile or number of standard deviations along a probability distribution of a Variable.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

UncertaintyModel

A formalization of the way the uncertainty is accounted for

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

V

Variable

Quantities which can be measured or inferred independently in an experiment

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Vegetation

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

volume

The volume number in which the publication appeared.

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

W

warnings

Warnings of the variable or dataset being annotated

Defined in: The Linked Earth Core Ontology

Watershed

Defined in: The Proxy Sensor Ontology

Wood

Defined in: The Proxy Archive Ontology

X

X-RayDiffraction

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

X-rayFluorescence

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology

Z

Zn/Ca

Defined in: The Proxy Observation Ontology