# [WesternPacific.Khider.2014](#id) ## <a name="id">WesternPacific.Khider.2014</a> Type: Dataset datasetYear: 2016 name: WesternPacific_Khider_2014 version: 0.0 datasetCreator: [Khider, D.](#khider) datasetContributor: [Khider, D.](#khider) datasetContributor: [Jackson, C.S.](#jackson) datasetContributor: [Stott, L.D.](#stott) datasetContributor: [Rincon, M.](#rincon) datasetContributor: [Southon, J.](#southon) formatName: Text Document publishedIn: [Khider.2014.Paleoceanography](#pub1) publishedIn: [Stott.2007.Science](#pub2) fundedBy: [NSF-1](#funding1) fundedBy: [NSF-2](#funding2) collectedFrom: Western Pacific Warm Pool (Location not modeled in the current ontology version) includesData: [surface variability](#surface) includesData: [deep ocean variability](#deep) includesData: [chronological information](#chron) ## <a name="khider"> Khider, D. </a> Type: Person name: Deborah Khider affiliation: University of Southern California email: khider@usc.edu orcidNumber: 0000-0001-7501-8430 ## <a name="jackson"> Jackson, C. </a> Type: Person name: Charles S. Jackson affiliation: The University of Texas at Austin email: charles@utig.ig.utexas.edu ## <a name="stott"> Stott, L.D. </a> Type: Person name: Lowell D. Stott affiliation: University of Southern California email: stott@usc.edu ## <a name="rincon">Rincon, M. </a> Type: Person name: Miguel Rincon affiliation: University of Southern California email: rincon@usc.edu ## <a name="southon">Southon, J. </a> Type: Person name: John Southon affiliation: University of California Irvine email: jsouthon@uci.edu ## <a name="pub1">Khider.2014.Paleoceanography</a> Type: PeerReviewedPublication publicationYear: 2014 hasLink: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013PA002534/full title: Assessing millennial-scale variability during the Holocene: A perspective from the western tropical Pacific. creator: [Khider, D.](#khider) creator: [Jackson, C.](#jackson) creator: [Stott, L.](#stott) name: Paleoceanography volume: 29 issue: 3 pages: 143-159 ## <a name="pub2"> Stott.2007.Science </a> Type: PeerReviewedPublication publicationYear: 2007 hasLink: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/318/5849/435.full title: Southern Hemisphere and deep-sea warming led deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise and tropical warming creator: [Stott, L.D.](#stott) creator: [Timmermann, A.](#timmermann) creator: [Thunell, R.](#thunell) name: Science volume: 318 issue: 5849 pages: 435-438 ## <a name="timmermann">Timmermann, A. </a> Type: Person name: Axel Timmermann affiliation: University of Hawaii email: axel@hawaii.edu ## <a name="thunell">Tunell, R. </a> Type: Person name: Robert Thunell affiliation: University of South Carolina email: thunell@geol.sc.edu ## <a name="funding1">NSF-1</a> Type Funding fundingCountry: United States of America fundingAgency: National Science Foundation grantNumber: AGS#1049238 principalInvestigator: [Stott, L.D.](#stott) ## <a name="funding2">NSF-2</a> Type: Funding fundingCountry: United States of America fundingAgency: National Science Foundation grantNumber: AGS#1344514 principalInvestigator: [Stott, L.D.](#stott) ## <a name="chron">chronological information</a> Type: ChronData description: The age model for core MD98-2181 is based on 14 14C ages of *Globigerinoides sacculifer*, mixed *G. sacculifer* with *G. ruber* or mixed planktonic calibrated to calendar years using the Marine09 calibration curve, adjusted for a modern reservoir age correction of 15 $\pm$ 79years. The age model was determined by using a smoothing spline interpolation scheme in-between 14C horizons. The uncertainty was determined in a Monte-Carlo process in which the radiocarbon ages were perturbed within uncertainty and a new smoothing splice interpolation applied. The 14C chemistry was performed at NOSAMS (WHOI) and the University of California Irvine. hasLink: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16055 foundInTable: [MD98-2181 Derived Data - Planktonic](#DataTable1) foundInTable: [MD98-2181 Derived Data - Benthic](DataTable2) foundInTable: [Chronology](#ChronDataTable1) basedOn: [planktonic foraminifera radiocarbon](#ChronProxy) ## <a name="surface"> surface variability </a> Type: PaleoData description: Sea surface temperature and seawater d18O variability is inferred from paired Mg/Ca and calcite d18O measured on the planktonic foraminifer *Globigerinoides ruber*. The data are analyzed to investigate millennial-scale variability in surface and deep water during the Holocene. hasLink: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16055 foundInTable: [MD98-2181 Raw Isotopes](#PaleoDataTable) foundInTable: [MD98-2181 Derived Data - Planktonic](#DataTable1) basedOn: [Foraminifera Mg/Ca](#MgCaProxy) basedOn: [Foraminifera d18O](#d18OProxy_Planktonic) ## <a name="deep"> Deep Ocean Variability </a> Type: PaleoData description: Benthic d18O interpreted to represent deep ocean temperature and salinity variability over the Holocene. The deep ocean variability signal originates from the Southern Ocean with a ~1,000-year transit time. hasLink: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16055 foundInTable: [MD98-2181 Raw Isotopes](#PaleoDataTable) foundInTable: [MD98-2181 Derived Data - Benthic](#DataTable2) basedOn: [Foraminifera d18O](#d18OProxy_Benthic) ## <a name="Chronology"> Chronology </a> Type: ChronDataTable description: AMS results for marine sediment core MD98-2181. The planktonic 14C dates were converted to calendar ages using the Marine09 calibration after a reservoir age correction of 15+/-79years. format: Text File name: khider2014-raw.txt includesVariable: [depth_cm](#depth) includesVariable: [CAMS#](#cams) includesVariable: [Species](#Species) includesVariable: [14C age](#radiocarbon) includesVariable: [calendar age](#calage) ## <a name="depth"> depth_cm </a> Type: MeasuredVariable name: depth hasUnits: cm hasValue: [12 55 99 145 201 238 351 402 501 610 711 755 861 941 201 402 751 861] ## <a name="Species"> Species </a> Type: Variable name: Species notes: Gs: G sacculifer, Gr: G. ruber, MB: Mixed Benthics, Cm: C. mundulus. hasValue: [Gs Gs/Gr Gs/Gr Gs MP Gs/Gr Gs Gs Gs/Gr Gs Gs Gs Gs MB MN Cm Cm] ## <a name="cams"> CAMS# </a> Type: Variable name: CAMS number hasValue: [OS-36493 OS-37308 OS-37292 OS-37306 90357 OS-36485 104528 OS-37289 OS-37303 104529 OS-34874 OS-34875 OS-34876 OS-36478 90358 90359 OS-55868 OS-55896] ## <a name="radiocarbon"> 14C age </a> Type: MeasuredVariable, Observation name: radiocarbon age hasUnits: years hasValue: [580 815 1010 1090 1750 1900 2575 3960 4070 4925 6950 7360 9480 11050 2980 4430 8950 10350] calibratedWith: [Marine09](#Marine09) hasUncertainty: [radiocarbon uncertainty](#radioU) measuredOn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) ## <a name="Marine09"> Marine09</a> Type: Publication publicationYear: 2009 hasLink: https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/3569 title: IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0-50,000 years cal BP. creator: Reimer, P.J. creator: Baillie, M.G.L creator: Bard, E. creator: Bayliss, A. creator: Beck, J.W. creator: Blackwell, P.G. creator: Bronk Ramsey, C. creator: Buck, C.E. creator: Burr, G.S. creator: Edwards, R.L. creator: Friedrich, M. creator: Grootes, P.M. creator: Guilderson, T.P. creator: Hajdas, I. creator: Heaton, T.J. creator: Hogg, A.G. creator: Hughen, K.A. creator: Kaiser, K.F. creator: Kromer, B. creator: McCormac, F.G. creator: Manning, S.W. creator: Reimer, R.W. creator: Richards, D.A. creator: [Southon, J.R.](#southon) creator: Talamo, S. creator: Turney, C.S.M. creator: van der Plitch, J. creator: Weyhenmeyer, C.E. name: Radiocarbon volume: 51 issue: 4 pages: 1111-1150 ## <a name="radioU"> Radiocarbon Uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: radiocarbon uncertainty hasValue: [110 200 100 120 15 100 20 150 190 30 50 50 55 310 15 20 20 65] hasUnits: years description: Uncertainty in the radiocarbon measurements stemming from instrumental uncertainty and sample heterogeneity. The uncertainty is assumed to follow a normal distribution. The $\pm\sigma$ confidence interval is reported here. ## <a name="archive"> Marine Sediment Core </a> Type: Archive name: Marine Sediment hasResolution: [Resolution](#Resolution) method: the core was samples at 2cm intervals for the section corresponding to the Holocene. The bulk sediment samples were disaggregated in a sodium hexametaphosphate solution and wet-sieved through a 63-micrometer mesh to remove the clay fraction. The >63-micrometer fraction was then dry-sieved at >180 micro-meter. ## <a name="Resolution"> Archive Resolution </a> Type: Resolution hasValue: 80-180 hasUnits: cm/kyr ## <a name="calage"> Calendar Age </a> Type: InferredVariable name: calendar Age hasValue: [269 491 688 742 1389 1551 2368 4069 4245 5344 7519 7891 10395 12488 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9] hasUnits: Years B.P. hasMissingValues: -999.9 hasUncertainty: [calendar age uncertainty](#calU) ## <a name="calU"> Calendar Age Uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: Calendar age uncertainty hasValue: [222 395 205 242 149 262 232 433 530 216 153 193 175 803] hasUnits: Years modeledBy: [Calendar Age Uncertainty](#age_U) ## <a name="age_U"> Calendar Age Uncertainty </a> Type: UncertaintyModel modelReferences: [Khider.2014.Paleoceanography](#pub1) ## <a name="ChronProxy"> Planktonic foraminifera radiocarbon</a> Type: ChronProxy name: Planktonic Foraminifera Radiocarbon archivedIn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) sensingWith: [Planktonic Foraminifera](#sensor1) observedAs: [14C age](#radiocarbon) ## <a name="sensor1"> Planktonic Foraminifera</a> Type: OrganicSensor name: Planktonic Foraminifera seasonality: mean annual to warm season ## <a name="PaleoDataTable"> MD98-2181 Raw Isotopes</a> Type: PaleoDataTable description: Benthic (*cibicidoides mundulus*) foraminifera carbon and oxygen isotopes and planktonic foraminifera (*Globigerinoides ruber*) Mg/Ca and carbon and oxygen isotopes from a sediment core recovered from the Davao Gulf (South of Mindanao) in the western tropical Pacific in 1998. The record is 10,000-year long. Oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses were performed at the University of Southern California. Isotopic values are reported in delta notation relative to the Vienna PeeBee Belemnite (VPDB) isotopic standard. The Mg/Ca analyses were performed at the University of Southern California. This table lists replicate measurements individually and includes analytical outliers which were not used in subsequent analyses. format: Text File name: khider2014-raw.txt includesVariable: [depth-raw](#depth_raw) includesVariable: [Mg/Ca-g.rub-w](#MgCa) includesVariable: [d18Og.rub-w](#d18O_rub) includesVariable: [d13Cg.rub-w](#d13C_rub) includesVariable: [d18Oc.mund](#d18O_mund) includesVariable: [d13Cc.mund](#d13C_mund) ## <a name="depth-raw"> depth-raw </a> Type: MeasuredVariable name: depth-raw hasUnits: cm hasValue: [1 1 2.5 .... 847 849 851] ## <a name="MgCa"> Mg/Ca-g.rub-w </a> Type: MeasuredVariable, Observation name: Globigerinoides ruber white Mg/Ca hasUnits: mmol/mol hasValue: [5.21 -999.9 5.04 .... 5.42 -999.9 5.71] hasMissingValues: -999.9 notes: Some values from Stott et al. (2004, 2007) hasUncertainty: [Mg/Ca Uncertainty](#MgCa_U) measuredBy: [ICP-AES](#MgCa_instrument) measuredOn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) method: Approximately 50-100 specimens of the planktonic foraminifer *G. ruber* were picked from the >180-micrometer fraction under a binocular microscope. The foraminifera were then cleaned following a protocol adapted from Barker et al. (2003). interpretedAs: [Mg/Ca Interpretation](#MgCa_interp) ## <a name="MgCa_interp"> Mg/Ca interpretation </a> Type: ClimateInterpretation name: temperature detail: sea surface interpretationDirection: positive interpretationReferences: [Anand.2003.Paleoceanography](#anand2003) ## <a name="anand2003"> Anand.2003.Paleoceanography </a> Type: Publication publicationYear: 2003 hasLink: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2002PA000846/full title: Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series creator: Anand, P. creator: Elderfield, H. creator: Conte, M. H. name: Paleoceanography volume: 18 issue: 2 pages: 1050 ## <a name="MgCa_U"> Mg/Ca Uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: Mg/Ca Uncertainty hasUnits: mmol/mol hasValue: 0.2 description: The uncertainty on *G. ruber* samples was assessed by multiple measurements on foraminiferal samples and expressed as the standard error on the mean. ## <a name="MgCa_instrument"> ICP-AES </a> Type: Instrument name: Jobin Yvon inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer hasUncertainty: [ICP-AES Uncertainty](#MgCa_instrumentU) ## <a name="MgCa_instrumentU"> ICP-AES Uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: ICP-AES Uncertainty hasUnits: mmol/mol hasValue: 0.1 description: Uncertainty estimated by repeated measurements of a standard solution made from solid Mg and reagent grade CaCO3 in an elemental ratio of 5.63 mmol/mol. ## <a name="d18O_rub"> d18Og.rub-w </a> Type: MeasuredVariable, Observation name: *Globigerinoides ruber* white stable oxygen isotopes hasUnits: per mil hasValue: [-999.9 -999.9 -2.83 .... -2.53 -999.9 -2.36] hasMissingValues: -999.9 notes: Some values from Stott et al. (2004, 2007) hasUncertainty: [d18O Uncertainty](#d18O_U) measuredOn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) measuredBy: [Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer](#IRMS) standard: VPDB method: Approximately 50-100 specimens of the planktonic foraminifer *G. ruber* were picked from the >180-micrometer fraction under a binocular microscope. The foraminifera were then cleaned following a protocol adapted from Barker et al. (2003). interpretedAs: [d18O interpretation-1](#d18O_interp_1) interpretedAs: [d18O interpretation-2](#d18O_interp_2) ## <a name="d18O_U"> d18O Uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: d18O Uncertainty hasUnits: per mil hasValue: 0.14 description: The uncertainty was assessed by multiple measurements on foraminiferal samples and expressed as the standard error on the mean. ## <a name="IRMS"> Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer</a> Type: Instrument name: Multiprep Dual Inlet system attached to an Isoprime stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer hasUncertainty: [IRMS Uncertainty](#IRMSU) ## <a name="IRMSU"> IRMS Uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: IRMS Uncertainty hasValue: 0.1 hasUnits: per mil ## <a name="d18O_interp_1">d18O interpretation-1</a> Type: ClimateInterpretation name: Temperature interpretationDirection: negative interpretationReferences: [Epstein.1953.GSABull](#epstein1953) ## <a name="d18O_interp_2">d18O interpretation-2</a> Type: ClimateInterpretation name: Seawater d18O interpretationDirection: positive interpretationReferences: [Epstein.1953.GSABull](#epstein1953) ## <a name="epstein1953"> Epstein.1953.GSABull </a> Type: Publication publicationYear: 1953 hasLink: http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/64/11/1315 title: Revised carbonate-water isotopic temperature scale creator: Epstein, S. creator: Buchsbaum, R. creator: Lowenstam, H.A. creator: Urey, H.C. name: Geological Society of America Bulletin volume: 64 issue: 11 pages: 1315-1326 ## <a name="#d13C_rub"> d13Cg.rub-w </a> Type: MeasuredVariable, Observation name: *Globigerinoides ruber* stable carbon isotopes hasUnits: per mil hasValue: [-999.9 -999.9 0.76 ... 0.75 -999.9 0.78] hasMissingValues: -999.9 notes: Some values from Stott et al. (2004, 2007) hasUncertainty: [d13C Uncertainty](#d13C_U) measuredOn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) measuredBy: [Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer](#IRMS) ## <a name="d13CU"> d13C Uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: d13C Uncertainty hasUnits: per mil hasValue: 0.1 description: The uncertainty was assessed by multiple measurements on foraminiferal samples and expressed as the standard error on the mean. ## <a name="d18O_mund"> d18Oc.mund </a> Type: MeasuredVariable, Observation name: *Cibicidoides mundulus* stable oxygen isotopes hasUnits: per mil hasValues: [-999.9 2.45 -999.9 .... -999.9 2.73 -999.9] hasMissingValues: -999.9 hasUncertainty: [d18O Uncertainty](#d18O_U) measuredOn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) measuredBy: [Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer](#IRMS) method: Approximately 5-20 specimes of the epifaunal benthic foraminifer *Cibicidoides mundulus* were picked from the >180-micrometer fraction under a binocular miscroscope. The foraminifera were then cleaned following a protocol adapted from Barker et al. [2003]. interpretedAs: [d18O interpretation-1](#d18O_interp_1) interpretedAs: [d18O interpretation-2](#d18O_interp_2) ## <a name="d13C_mund"> d13Cc.mund </a> Type: MeasuredVariable, Observation name: *cibicidoides mundulus* stable carbon isotopes hasUnits: per mil hasValues: [-999.9 -0.3 -999.9 .... -999.9 -0.29 -999.9] hasMissingValues: -999.9 hasUncertainty: [d13C Uncertainty](#d13C_U) measuredOn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) measuredBy: [Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer](#IRMS) method: Approximately 5-20 specimes of the epifaunal benthic foraminifer *Cibicidoides mundulus* were picked from the >180-micrometer fraction under a binocular miscroscope. The foraminifera were then cleaned following a protocol adapted from Barker et al. [2003]. ## <a name="DataTable1"> MD98-2181 Derived Data - Planktonic</a> Type: PaleoDataTable, ChronDataTable description: Sea surface temperature and d18Osw interpreted from paired measurements of Mg/Ca and 18Oc measured on the planktonic foraminifer *Globigerinoides ruber* interpreted versus age at each depth horizon in the core. Replicate analyses are averaged and outliers removed. format: Text File name: khider2014-sst.txt includesVariable: [depth_sst](#depth_sst) includesVariable: [Mg/Ca-g.rub-w](#MgCa_norep) includesVariable: [d18Og.rub-w](#d18O_rub_norep) includesVariable: [age_calyrBP](#age_calBP) includesVariable: [SST](#SST) includesVariable: [d18Osw](#d18Osw) ## <a name="depth_sst"> Depth for surface variables </a> Type: MeasuredVariable name: depth hasUnits: cm hasValue: [1 2.5 3.... 839 843 846] ## <a name="MgCa_norep"> Mg/Ca-g.rub-w </a> Type: MeasuredVariable, Observation name: *Globigerinoides ruber* white Mg/Ca - No Duplicates hasUnits: mmol/mol hasValue: [5.21 5.04 -999.99 ... 5.77 5.45 5.42] hasMissingValues: -999.99 hasUncertainty: [Mg/Ca Uncertainty](#MgCa_U) measuredBy: [ICP-AES](#MgCa_instrument) measuredOn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) method: Duplicates from this study and Stott et al. (2007, 2004) were averaged. Outliers were removed. Outliers were identified as data points more than nine standard deviations away from the mean. interpretedAs: [Mg/Ca Interpretation](#MgCa_interp) ## <a name="d18O_rub_norep"> d18Og.rub-w </a> MeasuredVariable, Observation name: *Globigerinoides ruber* white stable oxygen isotopes - No Duplicates hasUnits: per mil hasValue: [-999.99 -2.83 -2.81 ... -2.62 -2.64 -2.53] hasMissingValues: -999.99 hasUncertainty: [d18O Uncertainty](#d18O_U) measuredOn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) measuredBy: [Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer](#IRMS) standard: VPDB method: Duplicates from this study and Stott et al. (2007, 2004) were averaged. Outliers were removed. Outliers were identified as data points more than nine standard deviations away from the mean. interpretedAs: [d18O interpretation-1](#d18O_interp_1) interpretedAs: [d18O interpretation-2](#d18O_interp_2) ## <a name="age_calyrBP"> Calendar Age B.P. </a> Type: InferredVariable name: Calendar Age B.P. hasUnits: years B.P. hasValue: [199 205 207 ... 9793 9888 9960] hasUncertainty: [age uncertainty](#age_U) inferredFrom: [14C age](#radiocarbon) calibratedWith: [Age model](#agemodel) ## <a name="age_U"> Age Uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: Age Uncertainty hasUnits: years hasValue: [-63 96 237 428 -53 104 242 429 -50 107 244 430 ... ... ... ... 9634 9747 9844 9960 9726 9839 9942 10059 9794 9909 10015 10134] description: Each column in the matrix represents the 2.5%, 34%, 68% and 97.5% uncertainty quantile respectively. modeledBy: [Age model](#agemodel) ## <a name="agemodel"> Age model </a> Type: CalibrationModel calibrationReferences:[Khider.2014.Paleceanography](#pub1) ## <a name="SST"> Sea Surface Temperature </a> Type: Inferred Variable name: Sea surface Temperature hasUnits: degree Celcius hasValue: [27.8 27.41 -999.9 ... 28.95 28.3 28.24] hasMissingValues: -999.9 hasUncertainty: [sst uncertainty](#sst_U) inferredFrom: [Mg/Ca-g.rub-w](#MgCa_norep) calibratedWith: [SST Calibration](#SST_calibration) interpretedAs: [SST_interpretation](#sst_interp) ## <a name="sst_U"> Sea surface temperature uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: Sea Surface Temperature Uncertainty hasUnits: degree celcius hasValue: [26.88 27.63 28.04 28.74 26.47 27.23 27.65 28.35 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 ... ... ... ... 28.08 28.77 29.17 29.88 27.42 28.14 28.53 29.19 27.33 28.06 28.47 29.16] hasMissingValues: -999.9 description: Each column in the matrix represents the 2.5%, 34%, 68% and 97.5% uncertainty quantile respectively. modeledBy: [SST calibration](#SST_calibration) ## <a name="SST_calibration"> SST calibration </a> Type: CalibrationModel, SensorModel name: kisakurek2008 calibrationReferences: [Kisakurek.2008.EPSL](#kisakurek) calibrationReferences: [Khider.2014.Paleoceanography](#pub1) ## <a name="kisakurek"> Kisakurek.2008.EPSL </a> Type: Publication publicationYear: 2008 hasLink: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X08004007 title: Controls on shell Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca in cultured planktonic foraminiferan, *Globigerinoides ruber* (white) creator: Kisakurek, B. creator: Eisenhauer, A. creator: Bohm, F. creator: Garbe-Schonberg, D. creator: Erez, J. name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters volume: 273 issue: 3-4 pages: 260-269 ## <a name="sst_interp"> SST_interpretation </a> Type: ClimateInterpretation name: Temperature interpretationDirection: positive ## <a name="d18Osw"> Surface Water d18O </a> Type: Inferred Variable name: Surface Water d18O hasUnits: per mil hasValue: [-999.99 0.02 -999.99 ... 0.3 0.13 0.22] hasMissingValues: -999.99 hasUncertainty: [d18Osw uncertainty](#d18Osw_U) inferredFrom: [Mg/Ca-g.rub-w](#MgCa_norep) inferredFrom: [d18Og.rub-w](#d18O_rub_norep) calibratedWith: [d18Osw calibration](#d18Osw_calibration) interpretedAs: [Seawater d18O](#d18Osw_interp) ## <a name="d18Osw_U"> d18Osw uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: Surface Water d18O Uncertainty hasUnits: per mil hasValue: [-999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -0.32 -0.05 0.1 0.35 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 -999.9 ... ... ... ... -0.04 0.23 0.38 0.63 -0.2 0.07 0.22 0.47 -0.1 0.15 0.31 0.56] hasMissingValues: -999.9 description: Each column in the matrix represents the 2.5%, 34%, 68% and 97.5% uncertainty quantile respectively. modeledBy: [d18Osw calibration](#d18Osw_calibration) ## <a name="d18Osw_calibration"> Surface Water d18O Calibration </a> Type: CalibrationModel, SensorModel name: Bemis1998 calibrationReferences: [Bemis.1998.Paleoceanography](#bemis) calibrationReferences: [Khider.2014.Paleoceanography](#pub1) ## <a name="bemis"> Bemis.1998.Paleoceanography </a> Type: Publication publicationYear: 1998 hasLink: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/98PA00070/abstract title: Reevaluation of the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera: Experimental results and revised paleotemperature equation. creator: Bemis, B. E. creator: Spero, J. creator: Bijma, J. creator: Lea, D. name: Paleoceanography volume: 13 issue: 2 pages: 150-160 ## <a name="d18Osw_interp"> Seawater d18O </a> Type: ClimateInterpretation name: Surface Water d18O interpretationDirection: positive ## <a name="DataTable2"> MD98-2181 Derived Data - Benthic</a> Type: PaleoDataTable, ChronDataTable description: Benthic d18O interpreted versus age at each depth horizon in the core. Replicate analyses are averaged and outliers removed. format: Text File name: khider2014-benth.txt includesVariable: [depth_benthic](#depth_benthic) includesVariable: [age_calyrBP](#age_calBP_benthic) includesVariable: [d18Oc.mund](#d18O_mund_norep) ## <a name="depth_benthic"> Depth for deep ocean variables </a> Type: MeasuredVariable name: depth hasUnits: cm hasValue: [4 7 9.... 841 845 849] ## <a name="age_calyrBP_benthic"> Calendar Age B.P. </a> Type: InferredVariable name: Calendar Age B.P. hasUnits: years B.P. hasValue: [1212 1225 1233 ... 10840 10935 11031] hasUncertainty: [Transit Time Uncertainty](#age_U_benthic) inferredFrom: [age_calyrBP](#age_calBP) calibratedWith: [Age Model Benthic](#agemodel_benthic) ## <a name="age_U_benthic"> Transit Time Uncertainty </a> Type: Uncertainty name: Benthic Age Model Uncertainty accounting for transit time between the Southern Ocean and the Western Tropical Pacific hasUnits: years hasValue: [451 881 1108 1453 492 904 1124 1462 519 920 1135 1468 ... ... ... ... 10357 10758 10984 11378 10429 10847 11081 11490 10502 10936 11180 11608] description: Each column in the matrix represents the 2.5%, 34%, 68% and 97.5% uncertainty quantile respectively. To obtain an independent age model for the MD81 benthic data that accounts for the transit time between the Southern Oceana and our site in the Western Tropical Pacific, we adjusted each time point in the calendar age distributions using a normal distribution characterized by a mean of 1000 years and a standard deviation of 300 years. modeledBy: [Age Model Benthic](#agemodel_benthic) ## <a name="agemodel_benthic"> Age Model Benthic </a> Type: CalibrationModel calibrationReferences:[Khider.2014.Paleceanography](#pub1) ## <a name="d18O_mund_norep"> d18Oc.mund </a> Type: MeasuredVariable, Observation name: *Cibicidoides mundulus* stable oxygen isotopes hasUnits: per mil hasValues: [2.75 2.67 2.64.... 2.52 2.91 2.73] hasUncertainty: [d18O Uncertainty](#d18O_U) measuredOn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) measuredBy: [Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer](#IRMS) method: Approximately 5-20 specimes of the epifaunal benthic foraminifer *Cibicidoides mundulus* were picked from the >180-micrometer fraction under a binocular microscope. The foraminifera were then cleaned following a protocol adapted from Barker et al. [2003]. interpretedAs: [d18O interpretation-1](#d18O_interp_1) interpretedAs: [d18O interpretation-2](#d18O_interp_2) ## <a name="MgCaProxy"> *Globigerinoides ruber* Mg/Ca</a> Type: ClimateProxy name: *Globigerinoides ruber* Mg/Ca archivedIn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) sensingWith: [*Globigerinoides ruber*](#sensor2) observedAs: [MgCa](#MgCa) modeledBy: [MgCa Proxy Model](#MgCa_Proxy_Model) ## <a name="sensor2"> *Globigerinoides ruber*</a> Type: OrganicSensor name: *Globigerinoides ruber* seasonality: mean annual to warm season ## <a name="MgCa_Proxy_Model"> MgCa Proxy Model </a> Type: ProxySystemModel name: MgCa Proxy Model for the planktonic foraminifera *G. ruber* hasPart: [Mg/Ca sensor Model](#SST_calibration) ## <a name="d18OProxy_Planktonic"> *Globigerinoides ruber* d18O</a> Type: ClimateProxy name: *Globigerinoides ruber* d18O archivedIn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) sensingWith: [*Globigerinoides ruber*](#sensor2) observedAs: [d18O](#d18O_rub) modeledBy: [d18O Proxy Model - *G. ruber*](#d18O_Proxy_Model) ## <a name="d18O_Proxy_Model"> d18O Proxy Model for *G. ruber*</a> Type: ProxySystemModel name: d18O Proxy Model for the planktonic foraminifera *G. ruber* hasPart: [d18O Sensor Model - *G. ruber*](#d18Osw_calibration) ## <a name="d18OProxy_Benthic"> *Cibicidoides mundulus* d18O</a> Type: ClimateProxy name: *Cibicidoides mundulus* d18O archivedIn: [Marine Sediment Core](#archive) sensingWith: [*Cibicidoides mundulus*](#sensor3) observedAs: [d18O](#d18O_mund) ## <a name="sensor2"> *Cibicidoides mundulus*</a> Type: OrganicSensor name: *Cibicidoides mundulus* seasonality: mean annual