Gravity & Cosmology
Gravity is longitudinal compression. Dark energy is the transverse restoring force. The universe expands by creating new nodes, not by stretching.
Overview
In three dimensions, an elastic medium has two independent response channels: longitudinal (compression along the direction of displacement) and transverse (restoring force perpendicular to it). In d = 3 spatial dimensions, the longitudinal channel carries 1/3 of the total elastic response and the transverse channel carries 2/3. These two channels are gravity and dark energy.
Gravity = Longitudinal Compression
Mass compresses the lattice along radial lines. This is gravity. Newton’s constant is not a free parameter — it is derived from the lattice stiffness and spacing:
where k = 4.77×1078 N/m is the lattice stiffness and a = 1.616×10−35 m is the node spacing. G is output, not input.
Dark Energy = Transverse Restoring Force
The remaining 2/3 of the elastic response acts transversely — it resists compression and drives the lattice back toward equilibrium. This is dark energy. The dark energy fraction is a dimensional identity:
The observed value is 0.685. The 2.7% gap is attributable to ΛCDM model bias from using GN instead of Geff. Full derivation →
Effective Gravity in Halos
Because the lattice carries a stronger gravitational coupling at galactic scales (where baryon fraction matters), the effective gravitational constant in halos is:
This replaces dark matter particles entirely. Galaxy rotation curves, cluster lensing, and the CMB peak ratios all follow from Geff without any new particles or fields.
Expansion = Node Creation
The universe does not expand by stretching the lattice. Instead, new nodes are created at ground state (zero energy, same k, same a). The lattice stiffness k remains constant — confirmed by the constancy of c across cosmic time (BBN constraints give α < 0.005). This dissolves the flatness problem, the horizon problem, and the cosmological constant problem in one step. Explore the cosmology simulator →
Nested Well Suppression
Every mass creates a local gravity well that overrides the lattice’s natural dark-energy restoring force. But at large enough radius, the restoring force wins. The crossover radius is:
Below rcross, gravity dominates. Above it, dark energy takes over. For most objects, rcross falls inside a larger structure’s gravity well, so the dark energy crossover is “buried” — suppressed and unobservable. Only at supercluster scales and above does dark energy become the free, dominant force.
| Object | rcross | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Earth | 4.6 ly | Buried by Sun |
| Sun | 320 ly | Buried by Galaxy |
| Milky Way | 5.5 Mly | Buried by Local Group |
| Supercluster | ~200 Mly | FREE — dark energy dominates |
Dark energy is the default state of the lattice. Gravity is the local override. The cosmic acceleration we observe is simply the lattice relaxing back toward equilibrium wherever no mass holds it compressed.
Baryon Asymmetry (Matter over Antimatter)
One of the deepest unsolved problems in physics: why does the universe contain more matter than antimatter? The Standard Model acknowledges CP violation exists (confirmed in accelerator experiments), but its baryogenesis models predict ηB ∼ 10−18 — eight orders of magnitude too small. GWT offers a direct geometric formula:
where:
- J = Jarlskog invariant — the unique CP-violation measure of the CKM matrix, computed from GWT quark mass ratios (J = 2.62×10−5)
- α² — the electromagnetic fine-structure constant squared, representing the probability of a photon-mediated interaction that “rescues” a baryon from annihilation
- d/2d = 3/8 — the geometric projection factor from 3D lattice structure
Result: ηB = 5.24×10−10 vs observed 6.1×10−10 (14% error).
Critically, the Standard Model’s failure here is one of its biggest open problems. GWT doesn’t need new particles or BSM physics — CP violation from the CKM matrix alone is sufficient when the conversion factor is geometric (α² × d/2d) rather than thermal Boltzmann suppression.