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UNIPI COVER SODO AREAS Systems
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Project:        SoilWise - Horizon Europe Soil Mission
Partner:        UNIPI - University of Pisa / CIRAA (Italy)
Dataset:        COVER SODO AREAS (long-term experiment)
Prepared by:    (insert author names and ORCID)
Date:           2026-04-30
License:        Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)
                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords:       SoilWise, Soil Mission, Horizon Europe, soil organic carbon,
                tillage, no-till, conventional tillage, long-term experiment,
                FAIR data, EPSG:4326, Italy, Pisa, UNIPI, CIRAA
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DESCRIPTION
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Harmonized soil dataset from the long-term tillage systems experiment at CIRAA
(Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali), University of Pisa, Italy.
Compares conventional tillage (CT) vs no-till (NT) across multiple soil depth
intervals from 1986 to 2014. Contains 96 observations.

SITE INFORMATION
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Country         : Italy
Region          : Tuscany, Pisa
Partner         : UNIPI - University of Pisa / CIRAA (CIRAA2 site)
Latitude        : 43.669059°N
Longitude       : 10.310458°E
Land use        : Arable - long-term tillage experiment
Sampling years  : 1986, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014
Rows            : 96

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
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Factor - Tillage  : CT (conventional tillage), NT (no-till)
Depth intervals   : 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 0-30 cm (aggregate)
                    30-40 cm, 40-50 cm, 50-60 cm, 30-60 cm (deep, 2012-2014)

GEOSPATIAL BOUNDING BOX (for Zenodo)
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  North : 43.70
  South : 43.65
  East  : 10.32
  West  : 10.30
  CRS   : EPSG:4326 (WGS84)

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FILE
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UNIPI_Case_Study_Ciraa_Tillage_Systems_fixed.csv
  Delimiter   : comma (,)
  Encoding    : UTF-8
  Rows        : 96
  Depth ranges: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 0-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 30-60 cm

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DATA DICTIONARY
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Sample_ID
  Type        : Text
  Format      : TILLAGE_YEAR_UPPER_LOWER (e.g. CT_1996_0_10, NT_2012_30_40)
  Description : Unique identifier combining tillage, year and depth interval.

Tillage
  Type        : Text (categorical) | Values: CT, NT
  Description : CT = conventional tillage; NT = no-till.

Sampling_Year
  Type        : Integer (YYYY)
  Description : Year of soil sampling.

Upper_Depth_cm
  Type        : Integer | Unit: cm
  Description : Upper boundary of sampled soil layer.

Lower_Depth_cm
  Type        : Integer | Unit: cm
  Description : Lower boundary of sampled soil layer.

Latitude_EPSG4326
  Type        : Float | Unit: decimal degrees (WGS84) | Value: 43.669059

Longitude_EPSG4326
  Type        : Float | Unit: decimal degrees (WGS84) | Value: 10.310458

Organic_Carbon_pct
  Type        : Float | Unit: % (g per 100 g soil)
  Method      : Dry combustion (ISO 10694)
  Description : Soil Organic Carbon content. Empty for 1986 baseline rows.

Total_N_g_kg
  Type        : Float | Unit: g kg⁻¹ | Method: ISO 11261 or ISO 13878
  Description : Total nitrogen. Not available for deep layers (30-60 cm).

CN_ratio
  Type        : Float | Unit: dimensionless
  Description : Carbon-to-Nitrogen ratio. Not available for deep layers.

SOC_Mg_ha
  Type        : Float | Unit: Mg ha⁻¹ (tonnes per hectare)
  Description : Soil Organic Carbon stock calculated from SOC concentration,
                bulk density and layer thickness.

Total_N_Mg_ha
  Type        : Float | Unit: Mg ha⁻¹
  Description : Total nitrogen stock per hectare.
                Not available for deep layers (30-60 cm).

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STANDARDIZATION NOTES
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- Original COORDINATES column ('43.669059,10.310458') was split by CSV parser
  into two phantom columns; real LAT/LON extracted from positions 14-15
- Depth column '0-10' split into Upper_Depth_cm and Lower_Depth_cm
- Missing values (1986 baseline, deep layers): empty cell
- Encoding: UTF-8 | Delimiter: comma (,)

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ZENODO UPLOAD CHECKLIST
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[ ] Title: "Harmonized soil observations for UNIPI CIRAA Tillage Systems
            long-term experiment - SoilWise Project"
[ ] Keywords: SoilWise, Soil Mission, Horizon Europe, Italy, Pisa, UNIPI,
              CIRAA, tillage, no-till, soil organic carbon, long-term
              experiment, FAIR data
[ ] License: CC-BY 4.0
[ ] Funding: Horizon Europe Grant Agreement No. (insert number)
[ ] Bounding Box: N 43.70, S 43.65, E 10.32, W 10.30
[ ] Upload this README alongside the CSV file

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END OF README
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