TY  - BOOK
AB  - In 2016, a massive harmful algal bloom (HAB) of Alexandrium catenella around Chiloé island caused one of the major socio-ecological crisis in Chilean history. This red tide occurred in two distinct pulses, the second, most anomalous, bursting with extreme toxicity on the Pacific coast, weeks after the highly controversial dumping off Chiloé of 4,700 t of rotting salmons, killed by a previous HAB of Pseudochattonella verruculosa. We study the transport of this pollution, analyzing the physical oceanographic conditions during and after the dumping. We find that a cyclonic gyre was present between the dumping site and the coast, visible in satellite altimetry and sea surface temperature data. Using Lagrangian simulations, we confirm that near-surface currents could have brought part of the pollution to the coast, and fueled the bloom. This scenario explains also the anomalous later finding of ammonium near Chiloé. Finally we discuss the mismanagement of risk throughout the events. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
AN  - rayyan-279909396
AU  - Armijo, J.
AU  - Oerder, V.
AU  - Auger, P. A.
AU  - Bravo, A.
AU  - Molina, E.
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110603
PY  - 2020
ST  - The 2016 red tide crisis in southern Chile: Possible influence of the mass oceanic dumping of dead salmons
TI  - The 2016 red tide crisis in southern Chile: Possible influence of the mass oceanic dumping of dead salmons
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077111122&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpolbul.2019.110603&partnerID=40&md5=819e085b684ae5aa0cf6b1d2abf08644
VL  - 150
ID  - 38
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) used in the treatment of salmon lice in Norwegian salmon farming increased from 308 tons in 2009 to 43 246 tons in 2015. For 2016 and 2017, however, the consumption was reduced to 26 597 and 9277 tons, respectively. The use of this compound may have negative impacts on benthic fauna underneath the fish farms and, in particular, on polychaetes, which can be found in large numbers at the bottom under fish farms where they play a key role in the turnover of organic waste from the farm. The tolerance of Capitella sp. and Ophryotrocha spp. to a 1 h exposure to H2O2 (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1200 and 1800 mg l-1) was evaluated. The recommended dose for treatment of the salmon is 1800 mg l-1. Following exposures, the polychaetes were reintroduced into clean sea water. Both polychaete species experienced high cumulative mortality during a 72 h post-exposure period. The mortality showed to be dose dependent, with the highest dose giving the highest mortality. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of Capitella sp. was significantly higher than the LC50 of Ophryotrocha spp. at the same exposure time (p<0.05). The 50% lethal time of Capitella sp. was significantly longer than that of Ophryotrocha spp. at the same concentration (p<0.05). The results show that 1 h exposures to H2O2 at all the tested concentrations had irreversible negative effects on both polychaete species.
AN  - rayyan-343237859
AU  - Fang JingHui, Fang JingHui
AU  - Samuelsen, O. B.
AU  - Strand, Ø
AU  - Jansen, H.
DA  - 2018
DO  - doi:doi:10.3354/aei00273
PY  - 2018
SP  - 363-368
ST  - Acute toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide, used for salmon lice treatment, on the survival of polychaetes Capitella sp. and Ophryotrocha spp
TI  - Acute toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide, used for salmon lice treatment, on the survival of polychaetes Capitella sp. and Ophryotrocha spp
VL  - 10
ID  - 286
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The commercial farming of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, typically requires the periodic application of copper-based anti-foulants and chemotherapeutic treatments, including Slice®, Excis®, Salmosan® and Aquatet®/Tetraplex® to reduce the effects of biological pests. Information on the environmental safety of any chemical agent released into the aquatic environment must be obtained before a product can be licensed for use, but such information typically exists only in confidential technical reports which can be difficult to obtain. Furthermore, different test organisms, experimental protocols and reporting procedures make comparison of the various compounds/studies difficult. Here we present a series of 10-day, whole sediment bioassay tests that determined the concentrations of emamectin benzoate (EB), cypermethrin (CP), azamethiphos (AZ) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC), the active ingredients of the aforementioned chemotherapeutants, and copper, that caused 50% mortality (...) in the non-target benthic crustacean, Corophium volutator. Additional whole sediment bioassays of identical design were conducted with the non-target polychaete worm, Hediste diversicolor exposed to copper and EB. C. volutator demonstrated similar sensitivity to EB and AZ, with ... of 153 (95% confidence intervals, CI = 119 - 198) and 182 (95% CI = 152 - 217) ...g active ingredient [kg wet sediment]... respectively. OTC caused 50% mortality of C. volutator at a concentration of 414 (95% CI = 233 - 734) ...g OTC [kg wet sediment].... The ... for H. diversicolor exposed to EB was 1368 (95% CI = 744 - 2516) ...g EB [kg wet sediment]..., an order of magnitude greater than that for C. volutator. Conversely, C. volutator was able to tolerate much higher concentrations of copper than H. diversicolor, with ... of 193,326 (95% CI = 171,034 - 218,523) and 74,988 (95% CI = 61,192-91,895) ...g Cu [kg wet sediment]... respectively. CP was the most toxic to C. volutator of all compounds investigated, causing 50% mortality at a concentration of 5 (95% CI = 4 - 6) ...g CP [kg wet sediment].... These data allow direct inter-comparison of the toxicities of some of the commonly applied treatments used by the global salmonid aquaculture industry. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
AN  - rayyan-279910745
AU  - Mayor, D. J.
AU  - Solan, M.
AU  - Martinez, I.
AU  - Murray, L.
AU  - McMillan, H.
AU  - Paton, G. I.
AU  - Killham, K.
DA  - 2008
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2008
SP  - 102
ST  - Acute toxicity of some treatments commonly used by the salmonid aquaculture industry to Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor: Whole sediment bioassay tests
TI  - Acute toxicity of some treatments commonly used by the salmonid aquaculture industry to Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor: Whole sediment bioassay tests
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/204739165?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=A0NzFI2EO0UTisDxq%2BHRlgUx9bM%3D
VL  - 285
ID  - 88
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The influence of time of escape on survival to adulthood was tested in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt and post-smolts. Escape events were simulated in a small fjord in western Norway during and after the natural period of smolt migration by releasing 6 groups of individually tagged smolts and post-smolts (~2000 fish in each group) every second week from 27 May to 5 August 2005. With the exception of a lower return rate of the first released group (0.31%), the recapture rates were very similar (0.85 to 1.05%) and did not vary significantly with time of release. Of the 100 recap- tures, 57% were 1-sea-winter (1SW) salmon, 25% were 2SW and 18% returned as 3SW salmon. Release date did not influence the sea age but affected the weights of the recaptured adults moder- ately. Fifty-four percent of the fish were recaptured in the vicinity of the release site, most of them in the freshwater effluent from a hydropower plant. The rest were spread along the coast of Norway and in rivers (26% of the distant recaptures) over distances of 100s of kilometres. The present study shows that farmed salmon escaped during their first summer in sea cages — after the natural time for smolt migration in spring — are still capable of adopting the marine migratory pattern of their wild con- specifics. This suggests that escapes at this time of the year are a hazard to the conservation of wild salmon populations.
AN  - rayyan-321501636
AU  - Skilbrei, Ove
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:10.3354/aei00017
PY  - 2010
SP  - 147-153
ST  - Adult recaptures of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts allowed to escape during summer
TI  - Adult recaptures of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts allowed to escape during summer
UR  - https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20113226926
VL  - 1
ID  - 120
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Genetic discrimination using DNA fingerprinting is rapidly developing for cultured stock and wild fish populations. Microsatellites and AFLPs are being widely used in aquaculture to assign fish or processed fish products, to their claimed origin, paternity or strain. In the present study, 147 AFLP and 4 microsatellite markers were used as genetic tags in gilthead seabream, Sparus auratus. Specimens from two different hatchery broodstocks (one of Atlantic and one of Mediterranean origin) and wild fishes from a natural population were fingerprinted. Putative offspring from these broodstocks were computer-generated, and the confidence in the parentage assignment of their genetic profiles to the hatchery broodstock assessed. The virtual offspring were then mixed with specimens from a natural population to simulate an accidental escape from a floating cage. The risk of false paternity inclusion was evaluated to test the ability to identify either Atlantic or Mediterranean hatchery offspring among wild fish. The method proved to be reliable, and could therefore be used to forecast the impact of fish farm escapees.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
AN  - rayyan-279909052
AU  - Miggiano, E.
AU  - De Innocentiis, S.
AU  - Ungaro, A.
AU  - Sola, L.
AU  - Crosetti, D.
DA  - 2005
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-004-9024-4
PY  - 2005
SP  - 137
ST  - AFLP and microsatellites as genetic tags to identify cultured gilthead seabream escapees: data from a simulated floating cage breaking event
TI  - AFLP and microsatellites as genetic tags to identify cultured gilthead seabream escapees: data from a simulated floating cage breaking event
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/880776570?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=wK8Ny93p%2BK01cBSpecL64rPVSMs%3D
VL  - 13
ID  - 17
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Analysis of sediment and macrofaunal samples collected during the Tasmanian marine farming finfish monitoring program - a six-year partnership between industry, management and researchers - revealed several univariate indicators to be useful for detecting effects of aquaculture on the benthic environment. Comparisons with reference sites revealed a significant decline in sediment redox potential to at least 4. cm depth at farm sites, and increased proportional abundance of capitellids and decreased bivalve/total mollusc ratio. At compliance sites located 35. m out from lease boundaries, sediment redox potential and faunal assemblage composition were intermediate between patterns found at farm and reference sites. Redox potential at the sediment surface declined on average by 178. eV at reference sites converted to farm sites, with this indicator proving the most sensitive for detecting regional impacts of farming activity.Fish farm effects that extended to regional scales could not be adequately assessed within the project because reference regions without fish farms were not monitored; however, a significant decrease through time at reference and compliance sites in surface redox potential, and increases in sediment organic matter and total macrofaunal abundance, were suggestive that organic enrichment may have extended at low levels across regional scales. Given the implications to biodiversity conservation of region-wide impacts and a need to distinguish fish farm effects from unrelated long-term environmental change, monitoring of reference sites in regions lacking fish farms is urgently needed. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
AN  - rayyan-279911134
AU  - Edgar, G. J.
AU  - Davey, A.
AU  - Shepherd, C.
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.07.018
PY  - 2010
SP  - 212-218
ST  - Application of biotic and abiotic indicators for detecting benthic impacts of marine salmonid farming among coastal regions of Tasmania
TI  - Application of biotic and abiotic indicators for detecting benthic impacts of marine salmonid farming among coastal regions of Tasmania
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956267467&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2010.07.018&partnerID=40&md5=8aa6ba3985b2fc7675fd53910880001f
VL  - 307
ID  - 97
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - A 3D biogeochemical model is validated against regional observations and used to quantify the fluxes and transformations of natural and anthropogenic nutrients in an oligotrophic marine channel and micro-tidal estuary in southern Tasmania. The model reproduces the seasonal cycle of pelagic phytoplankton biomass and dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations observed in 2002 and is not excessively sensitive to the parameterization of the key biogeochemical processes of phytoplankton light absorption, zooplankton grazing or denitrification. Simulations indicate that in 2002, 66% of total nitrogen influx to the region was supplied from marine sources, 20% from rivers and 14% from salmon farms operating in the region. Fish farm loads of labile dissolved and particulate nitrogen have greatest impact on water quality in summer and autumn when they supply labile nutrient to seasonally depleted surface waters and fuel additional phytoplankton growth. Bays in the northern part of the region are more vulnerable to farm nutrient enrichment due, in part, to the residual northward circulation. It is estimated that in 2002 12% of the region had changed from oligotrophic to mesotrophic status due to salmon farm nutrient enrichment. Analysis of a future scenario simulation with 3 fold increase in farm loads quantified the spatial and temporal impact of farms on water quality and indicated that mesotrophic conditions could extend to 54% of the region. Statistical summaries and visualisation methods were used to communicate model results to stakeholders. Management action has been taken to limit future fish farm loads into the region and implement an environmental monitoring program.
AN  - rayyan-343237739
AU  - Wild-Allen, Karen
AU  - Herzfeld, Mike
AU  - Thompson, Peter A.
AU  - Rosebrock, Uwe
AU  - Parslow, John
AU  - Volkman, Jo
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.12.013
PY  - 2010
SP  - 134-147
ST  - Applied coastal biogeochemical modelling to quantify the environmental impact of fish farm nutrients and inform managers
TI  - Applied coastal biogeochemical modelling to quantify the environmental impact of fish farm nutrients and inform managers
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/746003515?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=QbYSRGZ0wm8ySziFTfRtLn%2BiI%2FY%3D
VL  - 81
ID  - 278
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Sea-based fish farms release significant quantities of fish feaces, waste feed and associated contaminants into the surrounding environment, necessitating ecological effects-based monitoring. Traditionally, this has been achieved by measuring geochemical and biological properties of sediments obtained by a benthic grab. However, many modern high-capacity farms are situated over hard substrates, rendering conventional sampling methods ineffective and hindering environmental management. Fortunately, new possibilities have emerged with the advent of high-throughput sequencing, and in-particular, the use of microbial eDNA as an indicator of benthic enrichment, and new methods have been developed for obtaining the source material irrespective of substrate. Here, we first demonstrate how applying the default approach used by the world's largest salmon farming industry to hard substrates is essentially qualitative and can lead to inappropriate conclusions. We then show the results from a substrate independent benthic sampling (SIBS) method coupled with a structured quantitative visual assessment of seabed images. The approach utilizes three novel indicators that quantify the degree of visual organic loading (VOL) and ecological effects (VEE) and elucidate the magnitude and spatial extent of the waste influence field via an index (bMBI) derived from 16S eDNA. VOL and VEE were useful for quantifying and classifying effects beneath farms, but were of limited use further away, whereas the bMBI was both highly quantitative and sensitive in the immediate and more distant receiving environments. This dual approach provides a basis for the development of a quantitative hard-bottom monitoring system and should therefore permit effective environment management in the future. © 2025 The Authors
AN  - rayyan-321502406
AU  - Keeley, N.
AU  - Dunlop, K.
AU  - Laroche, O.
AU  - Hansen, P. K.
AU  - Angell, I. L.
AU  - Rudi, K.
DA  - 2025
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118039
PY  - 2025
ST  - An approach for quantifying the influence of fish farm waste on hard-bottom habitats
TI  - An approach for quantifying the influence of fish farm waste on hard-bottom habitats
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105003824899&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpolbul.2025.118039&partnerID=40&md5=33cf56e7b3aadeaa9c5a4335306fca7b
VL  - 217
ID  - 157
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - rayyan-423824800
AU  - Berrios, Alicia Maria
AU  - Dugstad, Anders
AU  - Navrud, Ståle
DA  - 2025
DO  - doi:
PY  - 2025
SN  - 0044-8486
SP  - 743050
ST  - Aquaculture in troubled waters? Public acceptance of the Norwegian Salmon farming industry and its environmental impacts
T2  - Aquaculture
TI  - Aquaculture in troubled waters? Public acceptance of the Norwegian Salmon farming industry and its environmental impacts
ID  - 315
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Areas of use and conflict between salmon farming and tourism were identified in the pre-Andean area of the Araucanía Region, Chile. To do this, variables of suitability and of technical and legal restrictions were determined and incorporated using a Geographical Information System. Subsequently, the perception of actors in the communities in response to the two types of activity were evaluated. The results allowed three sectors of spatial conflict to be identified, all in the district of Pucón. A register was made of 245,113 ha which are potentially suitable for the installation of salmonid species cultivation centres. However the perception study revealed that a large sector of the population is against the installation of new cultivation centres. Meanwhile tourism is perceived as an activity which generates more local employment; however the environmental effects of the two types of activity are not clear to the population.
AN  - rayyan-279909119
AU  - Castillo, D. A.
AU  - Peña-Cortés, F.
DA  - 2012
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2012
SP  - 137-157
ST  - Aquaculture potential in pre-Andean areas of the Araucania Region: use conflicts with tourist activity
TI  - Aquaculture potential in pre-Andean areas of the Araucania Region: use conflicts with tourist activity
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862598473&partnerID=40&md5=32ebe824db6f4d39360fede937e01903
ID  - 20
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Even though intensive aquaculture production of salmonids in lakes occurs in many locations around the world published studies on the survival and reproductive success of escaped cultured salmonids in freshwater ecosystems are not common. A recent expansion of aquaculture in Chile has led it to become the world's second largest producer of cultured salmonids. 2. We document the recent history of escaped and self-sustaining salmonid populations over a wide spatial scale and a long temporal scale in Chilean Patagonian lakes. Our hypotheses are that salmonid density in lakes will be higher where there is intensive aquaculture, due to greater numbers of potential escapees. Secondly, if non-native salmonids have adverse impacts on native fishes, increases in the abundance of non-native species should be associated with decreases in relative abundance of native species. Finally, if the first two hypotheses are correct we anticipate that diets of salmonids may show evidence of predation on native fishes, diet overlap with native species, and evidence of the influence of feed from aquaculture operations in the diets of salmonids and native fishes. 3. We sampled six lakes with gill nets from 1992 to 2001. Our results show that the relative abundance of free-living salmonids is closely related to the level of fish farming production. Salmonids are the top predators and in lakes with fish farming the main prey item is native fishes. The relative abundance of native fishes has decreased, most likely due to predation by salmonids. 4. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects of non-native salmonids in oligotrophic lakes, and it provides a starting point to judge the establishment of new fish farming sites in lakes around the world. © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
AN  - rayyan-321503109
AU  - Arismendi, I.
AU  - Soto, D.
AU  - Penaluna, B.
AU  - Jara, C.
AU  - Leal, C.
AU  - LeÓn-MuÑoz, J.
DA  - 2009
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02157.x
PY  - 2009
SP  - 1135-1147
ST  - Aquaculture, non-native salmonid invasions and associated declines of native fishes in Northern Patagonian lakes
TI  - Aquaculture, non-native salmonid invasions and associated declines of native fishes in Northern Patagonian lakes
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-64149129439&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2427.2008.02157.x&partnerID=40&md5=6cf1695556403f93cff34ae9d3e85317
VL  - 54
ID  - 179
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Benthic observations were carried out at 22 stations in the Western Isles region of the Bay of Fundy on the east coast of Canada to evaluate impacts at salmon aquaculture sites. Eleven sites were located under salmon net-pens and 11 sites (reference or control locations) were at distances > 50 m from net-pens. Total S- and redox potential (Eh) in surface sediment and benthic O2 uptake and CO2 release were sensitive indicators of benthic organic enrichment. High variability between replicate measurements of sediment gas exchange could reflect spatial patchiness in sedimentation of fecal waste and food pellets under fish pens. Biomass of deposit feeders was significantly increased at cage sites but total macrofauna biomass was similar at cage and reference locations. Surface sediment water content, modal grain size, pore water salinity and sulfate, and total biomass of macrofauna were the least sensitive indicators of enrichment.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
AN  - rayyan-343238687
AU  - Hargrave, Bt
AU  - Phillips, Ga
AU  - Doucette, Li
AU  - White, Mj
AU  - Milligan, Tg
AU  - Wildish, Dj
AU  - Cranston, Re
DA  - 1997
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018332632372
PY  - 1997
SP  - 641
ST  - Assessing Benthic Impacts of Organic Enrichment from Marine Aquaculture
TI  - Assessing Benthic Impacts of Organic Enrichment from Marine Aquaculture
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/746506471?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=ZdGVZrUGSccP5iLSPpFgfpS7tgY%3D
VL  - 99
ID  - 309
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Adaptations at the gamete level (a) evolve quickly, (b) appear sensitive to inbreeding and outbreeding and (c) have important influences on potential to reproduce. We apply this understanding to problems posed by escaped farm salmon and measure their potential to reproduce in the wild. Farm Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are a threat to biodiversity, because they escape in large numbers and can introgress, dilute or disrupt locally adapted wild gene pools. Experiments at the whole fish level have found farm reproductive potential to be significant, but inferior compared to wild adults, especially for males. Here, we assess reproductive performance at the gamete level through detailed in vitro comparisons of the form, function, fertility, compatibility and competitiveness of farm versus wild Atlantic salmon sperm and eggs, in conditions mimicking the natural gametic microenvironment, using fish raised under similar environmental conditions. Despite selective domestication and reduced genetic diversity, we find functional equivalence in all farm fish gamete traits compared with their wild ancestral strain. Our results identify a clear threat of farm salmon reproduction with wild fish and therefore encourage further consideration of using triploid farm strains with optimized traits for aquaculture and fish welfare, as triploid fish remain reproductively sterile following escape.
AN  - rayyan-279911053
AU  - Yeates, S. E.
AU  - Einum, S.
AU  - Fleming, I. A.
AU  - Holt, W. V.
AU  - Gage, M. J. G.
DA  - 2014
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/eva.12148
PY  - 2014
SP  - 493-505
ST  - Assessing risks of invasion through gamete performance: farm Atlantic salmon sperm and eggs show equivalence in function, fertility, compatibility and competitiveness to wild Atlantic salmon
TI  - Assessing risks of invasion through gamete performance: farm Atlantic salmon sperm and eggs show equivalence in function, fertility, compatibility and competitiveness to wild Atlantic salmon
VL  - 7
ID  - 96
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Fish aquaculture potentially affects the local ecosystem through feed (leftovers) and feces. However, evaluation of its impacts on biodiversity, especially those of mobile organisms such as fish, is not straightforward. Here, we report a case study in which environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding with MiFish universal primers for the 12S rRNA region of fish is used to detect and assess the impact of aquaculture on local fish communities. In Shizugawa Bay, Minamisanriku Town, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon) is aquacultured in sea cages from November to July, but is absent from August to October. We conducted eDNA surveys in June, August, October, and December 2021 of water at depths of 5 m and 1 m above the bottom obtained from two sites, one approximately 100 m and the other approximately 2500 m from the nearest aquaculture site. The total number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected was 122, with a maximum of 50 and a minimum of 10. With distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) and PERMANOVA applied to the eDNA-based community compositional data, we detected a significant effect of the presence of O. kisutch aquaculture on fish biodiversity. The generalized linear model (GLM) applied to each detected OTUs indicated that the aquaculture was associated positively with Leucopsarion petersii (ice goby), and Oncorhynchus spp. and negatively with Chaenogobius annularis (forktongue goby). Environmental DNA metabarcoding surveys, combined with multivariate statics, are a promising tool to identify the dimension of biodiversity that human activity affects and would serve as a basic survey for sustainable use of the sea. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental DNA published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AN  - rayyan-343237766
AU  - Suzuki, S.
AU  - Otomo, Y.
AU  - Dazai, A.
AU  - Abe, T.
AU  - Kondoh, M.
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.1002/edn3.551
PY  - 2024
ST  - Assessing the impacts of aquaculture on local fish communities using environmental DNA metabarcoding analysis
TI  - Assessing the impacts of aquaculture on local fish communities using environmental DNA metabarcoding analysis
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85193705194&doi=10.1002%2fedn3.551&partnerID=40&md5=0275b00cac58f3dd1c33948c26e07cb7
VL  - 6
ID  - 281
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The European Union-funded ECASA project (Ecosystem Approach for Sustainable Aquaculture) studied the impacts from aquaculture on ecosystems from northern Norway to Greece. The objectives of this investigation were to identify quantitative indicators of the effects of aquaculture on marine communities, and to assess their applicability over a range of ecosystems and aquaculture production systems. The study included 6 Mediterranean and 4 Atlantic sites, 7 of which produced finfish (seabream, seabass, tuna, salmon and cod), and 2 bivalve molluscs (oysters, mussels, and clams); one site produced both fish and bivalves. Cultivation methods included finfish cages, long-lines and trestles. Similar sampling methodologies were employed at the 10 study sites, obtaining sediment, hydrodynamic, and benthic faunal data. The horizontal impact from organic enrichment extended 50 m from the farms, with contradictory responses in several indicators (individual abundance, biomass) and a more consistent response of the Infaunal Trophic Index (ITI) and AZTI's Marine Biotic Index (AMBI). By means of Partial Redundancy Analysis, it was demonstrated that the environmental variables explained 53.2% of the variability in the macrofaunal variables (individual abundance, species richness, diversity, AMBI and ITI), whilst the explained variance was partialled out within three groups of variables: (i) 'hydrography' (depth, distance to farm, average current speed), which explained 11.5% of the variance; (ii) 'sediment' (Eh and percentages of silt and total organic matter), which explained 5.4%; and (iii) 'cages' (years of production and annual production), which explained 15.2%. The shared variance explained by interactions among these groups was 21.1%. These results, together with multiple regression analysis, provide an accurate assessment of the degree of impact from aquaculture. In conclusion, the use of several benthic indicators, in assessing farm impacts, together with the investigation of dynamics of the studied location, water depth, years of farm activity, and total annual production, must be included when interpreting the response of benthic communities to organic enrichment from aquaculture.
AN  - rayyan-321503503
AU  - Borja, A.
AU  - Rodriguez, J. G.
AU  - Black, K.
AU  - Bodoy, A.
AU  - Emblow, C.
AU  - Fernandes, T. F.
AU  - Forte, J.
AU  - Karak
DA  - 2009
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.037
PY  - 2009
SP  - 231-240
ST  - Assessing the suitability of a range of benthic indices in the evaluation of environmental impact of fin and shellfish aquaculture located in sites across Europe
TI  - Assessing the suitability of a range of benthic indices in the evaluation of environmental impact of fin and shellfish aquaculture located in sites across Europe
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20872853?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=eOm2WbB3RZJmdjaQcIMgXqyCZeA%3D
VL  - 293
ID  - 202
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Sediment condition at an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) culture site in S.E. Tasmania, Australia was evaluated to determine the rate and extent of recovery after removal of farmed fish. By local standards the cage sediment at the start of this survey was markedly degraded but comparison with results from impact studies in Scotland, Canada and Norway suggests that the sediments were considerably less impacted than in northern temperate areas. The impact at the cages diminished rapidly with both time and distance; after only 2 months conditions were markedly improved. The macrobenthos indicated a slower recovery than chemical measures, after 36 months the benthic faunal community structure under the cages still differed from reference conditions even though other sediment measures had recovered. This study highlighted two other key issues in relation to monitoring and management of sediment recovery. First, techniques used to determine impact may not be appropriate for evaluation of recovery. Second, establishment of local baseline standards is extremely important to ensure appropriate evaluation of both impact and recovery.
AN  - rayyan-321503776
AU  - MacLeod, C. K.
AU  - Crawford, C. M.
AU  - Moltschaniwskyj, N. A.
DA  - 2004
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.01.010
PY  - 2004
SP  - 79-88
ST  - Assessment of long term change in sediment condition after organic enrichment: defining recovery
TI  - Assessment of long term change in sediment condition after organic enrichment: defining recovery
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/16175575?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=0BniD02RzXX%2BMRjabx4LG5UMjJQ%3D
VL  - 49
ID  - 215
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in British Columbia migrate past numerous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farms from which they may acquire infectious agents. We analyse patterns of molecular detection in juvenile sockeye for the bacterium Tenacibaculum maritimum, known to cause disease in fish globally and to cause mouthrot disease in farmed Atlantic salmon in British Columbia. Our data show a clear peak in T. maritimum detections in the Discovery Islands region of British Columbia, where sockeye migrate close to salmon farms. Using well-established differential equation models to describe sockeye migration and bacterial infection, fit to detection data, we assessed support for multiple hypotheses describing farm-and background-origin infection. Our best models (with 99.8% empirical support) describe constant background infection pressure, except around Discovery Islands salmon farms, where farm-origin infection pressure peaked at 12.7 (approximate 95% CI: 4.5 to 31) times background levels. Given the severity of associated disease in related species and the imperilled nature of Fraser River sockeye, our results suggest the need for a more precautionary approach to managing farm–wild interactions in sockeye salmon. © 2022 Authors Bateman, Teffer, Bass, Hunt, and Krkošek and the Crown.
AN  - rayyan-343238142
AU  - Bateman, A. W.
AU  - Teffer, A. K.
AU  - Bass, A.
AU  - Ming, T.
AU  - Kaukinen, K.
AU  - Hunt, B. P. V.
AU  - Krkošek, M.
AU  - Mil
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1139/cjfas-2021-0164
PY  - 2022
SP  - 1225-1240
ST  - Atlantic salmon farms are a likely source of Tenacibaculum maritimum infection in migratory Fraser River sockeye salmon
TI  - Atlantic salmon farms are a likely source of Tenacibaculum maritimum infection in migratory Fraser River sockeye salmon
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135456102&doi=10.1139%2fcjfas-2021-0164&partnerID=40&md5=cc2215e5b6bae6c502e585f93b294c3c
VL  - 79
ID  - 292
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Wild gadoids are known to have close associations with open-net fish farms, leading to concerns about changes in natural fish distribution and feeding patterns. However, the nature of the relationships between non-pelagic fish and mobile benthic invertebrates and aquaculture facilities remains poorly documented, even though this group contains widespread commercial North Atlantic species. This study utilizes baited remote and towed underwater video surveys to resolve the ecosystem-level effects of open salmon aquaculture cages and organic enrichment on the spatial structure and relative abundance of demersal fish and crustacean communities. Towed camera surveys were carried out 50 to >600 m downstream of three farms producing finfish in Western Finnmark and four in the Frøya region of Norway. Towed camera surveys were paired with baited remote underwater video surveys at the four Frøya farms. The declining enrichment gradient with distance downstream of the farm cages was confirmed by modeled and observed depositional flux measurements and benthic infaunal community composition. The community structure of wild demersal fish and crustaceans in close association with the seafloor varied with the distance from the aquaculture sites. In addition to the established pattern of the attraction of gadoids, the edible crab (Cancer pagurus) and flatfish (Pleuronectes platessa and Microstomus kitt) showed a preference for areas 10–150 m from farm cages where organically enriched sediments contain a rich food source of opportunistic polychaetes. In contrast, the cuckoo wrasse (Labrus mixtus) and the common hermit crab (Pagurus bernhardus) exhibited higher numbers in locations over 600 m from the farms. Findings show how changes in the benthic food web from aquaculture enrichment can affect the spatial distribution of poorly studied but commercially important fish and crustaceans. Such changes in distribution can impact the availability of these species to coastal fisheries, especially in dense aquaculture regions. Copyright © 2024 Dunlop, Strammer and Keeley.
AN  - rayyan-271834132
AU  - Dunlop, K.
AU  - Strammer, I.
AU  - Keeley, N.
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1400195
PY  - 2024
ST  - Attraction and avoidance of wild demersal fish and crustaceans to open-net aquaculture pens resolved by baited and towed underwater camera surveys
TI  - Attraction and avoidance of wild demersal fish and crustaceans to open-net aquaculture pens resolved by baited and towed underwater camera surveys
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85201426480&doi=10.3389%2ffmars.2024.1400195&partnerID=40&md5=88b2de5aa90b0a7832a99a516ab31d76
VL  - 11
ID  - 12
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Aggregations of wild fish were counted around 9 floating sea-cage fish farms along a 300 km stretch of the Spanish coastline in the south-western Mediterranean Sea. Each fish farm cultivated Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax in 6 to 16 floating sea cages between 10 m and 7.4 km from the coast. During September and October 2001, assemblages of fish were counted on 3 separate days at each of 9 farms. Six 5 min rapid visual counts using SCUBA and covering 11 250 m super(3) were per- formed within each farm complex and at open water control sites 200 m distant from farms. Abundance (52 to 2837x), biomass (2.8 to 1126x) and number of species (1.6 to 14x) were greater in fish farm counts than control counts at all locations. Twenty-seven species were recorded at fish farms, with 2 families, Sparidae (12 species) and Carangidae (4 species), being particularly abundant. Over 85% of farm-associated fish were of adult size. Assemblages of wild fish differed greatly between farms separated by 10s to 100s of km, although there was some evidence to suggest that similar assemblages occur at farms separated by 100s of m to several km. Abundance, biomass and number of species differed among fish farms, with all 3 variables negatively correlated with distance of farms from shore and positively correlated with size of farms. Limited variability of wild fish assemblages and abundance of the dominant taxa at each farm among times sampled indicated some degree of temporal stability on a scale of several weeks. Due to the strong aggregative effect of fish farms, possible residence of fishes for periods of weeks to months and the prohibition of fishing within farm leasehold areas, we suggest that coastal sea-cage fish farms may act as small (up to 160 000 m super(2)), pelagic marine protected areas (MPAs). Furthermore, at farms where wild fish are abundant, ecological interactions that may influence both wild fish stocks and the impact of farms must be considered.
AN  - rayyan-279910007
AU  - Dempster, T.
AU  - Sanchez-Jerez, P.
AU  - Bayle-Sempere, J. T.
AU  - Gimenez-Casalduero, F.
AU  - Valle, C.
DA  - 2002
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2002
SP  - 237-252
ST  - Attraction of wild fish to sea-cage fish farms in the south-western Mediterranean Sea: Spatial and short-term temporal variability
TI  - Attraction of wild fish to sea-cage fish farms in the south-western Mediterranean Sea: Spatial and short-term temporal variability
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/18860934?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=s6g%2FgGIk82x%2B2yGtISre%2BomSvXM%3D
VL  - 242
ID  - 61
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Bacterial abundance, diversity and sediment function were investigated in organically perturbed sediments under Tasmanian salmon (Salmo salar) farms and adjacent reference sites. Bacterial numbers increased as farming and organic loading progressed through the farm stocking cycle and declined during the fallow period, although not to prestocking levels. Bacterial numbers ranged between approximately 2×108 and 3×109 cells per gram of sediment and were higher at cage sites than reference sites. Microelectrode and respiration data also demonstrated a clear effect of organic loading on sediments. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that bacterial communities shifted both in response to farm loading and its cessation. A seasonal effect on microbial communities was also evident. Although bacterial communities did shift again during the fallowing period, this shift was not necessarily a return to preloading communities. The complexity of community shifts may be affected by the vast functional redundancy of bacterial groups. All bacterial communities, including those at reference sites, were highly dynamic. Respiration studies of amended sediments indicated that fish farm sediments were at least as resilient and diverse as reference site communities. The results of this study indicate that the functional redundancy of highly complex bacterial communities contributes to their robustness. The relationship between diversity and stability in bacterial communities remains unclear and requires further investigation before an understanding of bacterial response to perturbation is possible.
AN  - rayyan-321503732
AU  - Bissett, A.
AU  - Burke, C.
AU  - Cook, P. L. M.
AU  - Bowman, J. P.
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01110.x
PY  - 2007
SP  - 46-60
ST  - Bacterial community shifts in organically perturbed sediments
TI  - Bacterial community shifts in organically perturbed sediments
VL  - 9
ID  - 211
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Local fishermen in several areas of Norway assert that salmon farms have caused the wild migrating cod to change their migratory behaviour, so that they no longer enter their natural spawning grounds in the fjords. If the asserted changes in behaviour of wild cod populations can be linked to establishment of salmon farms, water-soluble odorants are then possible candidates to explain such a connection. Chemical stimulants are important to the individual fish's conception of the sunounding environment. High density stocks of fish in a farm are expected to release large amounts of waterborne information. The present laboratory experiments were conducted to test behavioural responses in Atlantic cod exposed to water containing metabolites and waste from farmed salmon. The trials were conducted on single fish in a multiple chamber preference system. The results show that migrating wild Atlantic cod chose to spend more time in chambers without addition of water from the salmon tank, regardless of their maturation status, and even at very low concentrations (0.2%). The avoidance is probably due to presence of chemical compounds with olfactory properties from salmon, since anosmic cod did not elicit such response. Farmed cod, on the other hand, does not avoid water from the salmon tank, and stationary wild cod caught nearby a fish farm had a less pronounced response as compared to wild migrating cod. The response seen is not species specific, as wild migrating cod responded similar to water from a tank holding farmed cod as to water from salmon. These results do not preclude fishermen's observations that cod change their behaviour in areas with fish farming activity. Such a change in behaviour could be a response to water-soluble odorants, but needs to be validated and detailed in further laboratory experiments as well as in nature before any conclusions can be made. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
AN  - rayyan-279909680
AU  - Bjørn-Steiner, Sather
AU  - Pål-Arne, Bjrøn
AU  - Dale, Trine
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2007
SP  - 260
ST  - Behavioural responses in wild cod (Gadus morhua L.) exposed to fish holding water
TI  - Behavioural responses in wild cod (Gadus morhua L.) exposed to fish holding water
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/204713786?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=EcxXFW30L%2Blubr7hQ4ScqHIwCkA%3D
VL  - 262
ID  - 46
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Net pen finfish farms release large quantities of organic particles and dissolved nutrients to the surrounding waters. The present study addresses the possibility of harvesting some of these effluents in order to reduce environmental impacts. Experimental mid-water artificial structures (plastic mesh cylinders) were deployed adjacent to a sea bream fish farm in the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, and at a nearby reference site in order to observe whether the biofouling communities that developed on these were different in terms of biomass, diversity, and species richness. The cylinders were sampled every other month for a period of 11 mo and we found significantly higher species richness and biomass at the fish farm than at the reference site throughout the study period. These results indicate that there is merit to using this approach to make net pen fish farming more environmentally sustainable.
AN  - rayyan-321503735
AU  - Tsemel, Anat
AU  - Spanier, Ehud
AU  - Angel, Dror L.
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2006
SP  - 103-113
ST  - Benthic communities of artificial structures: effects of mariculture in the Gulf of Aqaba (Eilat) on development and bioaccumulation
TI  - Benthic communities of artificial structures: effects of mariculture in the Gulf of Aqaba (Eilat) on development and bioaccumulation
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/19838372?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=iAlHisb%2FnimxBPBPcs4Aay0Wc2w%3D
VL  - 78
ID  - 212
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-321503461
AU  - Mahnken, Conrad Van Wyck Wyck Z.
DA  - 1993
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 1993
ST  - Benthic faunal recovery and succession after removal of a marine fish farm
TI  - Benthic faunal recovery and succession after removal of a marine fish farm
ID  - 201
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The “Rade de Cherbourg” (RdC, Cotentin) hosts the only marine salmon fish farm along the French coasts. High hydrodynamic regime would limit, there, organic matter (OM) accumulation directly under the cages, and enhance the transport of OM in the surrounding of the cages. This study was aiming at (1) monitoring the impact of a salmon fish farm on ecological quality statuses (EcoQs) of the RdC based on a benthic foraminiferal biotic index, (2) comparing EcoQs assessment results between foraminifera and macrofauna, and (3) in fine assessing the potential for benthic foraminifera to become an alternate biological quality element. In 2014 and 2015, bottom sediments of the RdC were sampled at 13 stations under and outside the farm for sedimentary (grain size and OM), and living foraminiferal and macrofaunal analyses. For benthic foraminifera, Exp(H’bc) was used to determine EcoQs, while H’, AMBI and BO2A indices were used for benthic macrofauna. Rank-frequency distributions (RFDs) were calculated for both groups. Ecological quality statuses based on foraminifera and macrofauna indicated a moderate degradation of the environmental conditions, shifting from excellent outside the farm to poor under the cages for foraminifera and from excellent to moderate for macrofauna. This study showed that benthic foraminifera are as reliable as macrofauna to assess EcoQs in the RdC. It offers interesting perspectives to monitor the health of marine systems based on benthic foraminifera. Furthermore, results obtained with RFDs suggested that this approach should be considered in the assessment of the good environmental status within the European marine strategic framework directive. Finally, diversity proved to be efficient in monitoring the health of the RdC, suggesting that it should not be set aside for the benefit of sensitivity-based indices. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
AN  - rayyan-321503152
AU  - Bouchet, V. M. P.
AU  - Deldicq, N.
AU  - Baux, N.
AU  - Dauvin, J. C.
AU  - Pezy, J. P.
AU  - Seuront, L.
AU  - Méar, Y.
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106607
PY  - 2020
ST  - Benthic foraminifera to assess ecological quality statuses: The case of salmon fish farming
TI  - Benthic foraminifera to assess ecological quality statuses: The case of salmon fish farming
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086509554&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolind.2020.106607&partnerID=40&md5=2fc2d80b3d05bd370b181dd5a5811552
VL  - 117
ID  - 180
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Fish farms represent a growing source of anthropogenic disturbance to benthic communities, and efficient predictors of such impacts are urgently needed. We explored the effects of fish farm benthic organic and nutrient inputs on the population dynamics of a key seagrass species (Posidonia oceanica) in four Mediterranean deep meadows adjacent to sea bream and sea bass farms. We performed two annual plant censuses on permanent plots at increasing distance from farms and measured benthic sedimentation rates around plots. High shoot mortality rates were recorded near the cages, up to 20 times greater than at control sites. Recruitment rates increased in variability but could not compensate mortality, leading to rapid seagrass decline within the first 100m from cages. Seagrass mortality increased with total sedimentation rates (K=0.55, p<0.0002), and with organic matter (K=0.50, p=0.001), total nitrogen (K=0.46, p=0.002) and total phosphorus (K=0.56, p<3.10 super(-) super(5)) inputs. P. oceanica decline accelerated above a phosphorus loading threshold of 50mg m super(-) super(2)day super(-) super(1). Phosphorus benthic sedimentation rate seems a powerful predictor of seagrass mortality from fish farming. Coupling direct measurements of benthic sedimentation rates with dynamics of key benthic species is proposed as an efficient strategy to predict fish farm impacts to benthic communities.
AN  - rayyan-321503829
AU  - Diaz-Almela, E.
AU  - Marba, N.
AU  - Alvarez, E.
AU  - Santiago, R.
AU  - Holmer, M.
AU  - Grau, A.
AU  - Mirto, S.
AU  - Danovaro
DA  - 2008
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.022
PY  - 2008
SP  - 1332-1342
ST  - Benthic input rates predict seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) fish farm-induced decline
TI  - Benthic input rates predict seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) fish farm-induced decline
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20026118?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=uFQOPmdpl8NaxmtS9J5b7BFXinc%3D
VL  - 56
ID  - 216
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Benthic sediment samples were collected under two marine salmon farms (sites A & B) and a reference site (C) in southwestern New Brunswick (SWNB), Bay of Fundy. Triplicate grab samples were taken at 6 stations at each site. Macrofaunal biodiversity and total free sulfide concentration were measured in each grab. Mean sulfide concentrations per station ranged from 139-1266 mu M at farm A, 650-3550 mu M at site B, and 67-129 mu M at reference site C. Univariate diversity indices (number of taxa, Shannon diversity index, Margalef's species richness index, and Pielou's evenness index) indicated that the macrofaunal biodiversity under both farms was impacted by organic enrichment, with higher impacts at the larger farm (site B). There were clear indications of adverse effects on benthic macrofaunal biodiversity at sulfide concentrations above 1500 mu M and some indications of impacts at lower sulfide concentrations. A simple linear regression between the number of taxa and the sulfide concentration per station was not significant (p=0.11). Macrobenthic diversity was highest in sediments with intermediate sulfide concentrations, and lowest in sediments with higher sulfide concentrations. The biodiversity under reference site C was lower than under moderately enriched site A for some indices. Capitella spp. were low in abundance or absent at site C, while at the two farms, their abundance increased at intermediate sulfide concentrations, then decreased at higher sulfide concentrations. Sample variability associated with elevated sulfide concentrations indicated that sample size was an increasingly important considerations when evaluating relative impacts at higher concentrations. Ordination of the biodiversity data through multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) indicated that reference site C was distinct from the two farm sites, while there was some overlap between the two farm sites. Capitella spp. was the taxon that contributed the most to similarity within the farm sites (but not at the reference site) and to dissimilarity between all pairs of sites. There were also significant differences in biodiversity among sulfide classes. Capitella spp. was the taxon that contributed most to similarity within sulfide classes (except Oxic A) and to dissimilarity between pairs of sulfide classes (except Oxic A-Hypoxic B). The results generally agree with previous studies on the relationship between biodiversity and sediment sulfide concentration at fish farms in SWNB.Original Abstract: Des echantillons de sediments benthiques ont ete recueillis sous deux fermes salmonicoles marines (sites A et B) et dans un site de reference (site C) dans la baie de Fundy, au sud-ouest du Nouveau-Brunswick. Trois echantillons ponctuels ont ete preleves a six endroits differents de chaque site. La biodiversite de la macrofaune et la concentration totale de sulfure libre ont ete mesurees pour chaque echantillon. Les concentrations moyennes de sulfures par emplacement variaient de 139 a 1266 mu M a la ferme A, de 650 a 3550 mu M a la ferme B, et de 67 a 129 mu M au site de reference C. Les indices de diversite a une variable (le nombre de taxons, l'indice de diversite de Shannon, l'indice de richesse specifique de Margalef et l'indice d'equitabilite de Pielou) indiquent que l'enrichissement organique a eu des effets sur la biodiversite de la macrofaune sous les deux fermes et que l'incidence est plus elevee a la ferme la plus grande (site B). Des elements indiquent clairement que des concentrations de sulfures superieures a 1500 mu M ont des effets nocifs sur la biodiversite de la macrofaune benthique et certains elements indiquent qu'il y a des effets a de plus faibles concentrations. Une regression lineaire simple entre le nombre de taxons et la concentration de sulfure par station n'a pas ete significative (p=0.11). La diversite macrobenthique la plus elevee se trouvait dans les sediments aux concentrations de sulfures moyennes, et la diversite macrobenthique la plus faible, dans les sediments aux concentrations elevees. Pour certains indices, la biodive si e dans le site de reference C etait plus faible que dans le site A moderement enrichi. Capitella spp. etaient en faible abondance ou absents au site C. En revanche, aux deux fermes, leur abondance etait superieure a des concentrations de sulfures moyennes, mais etait moins importante a des concentrations elevees. La variabilite des echantillons associee a des concentrations elevees de sulfure a indique que la taille de l'echantillon etait un facteur de plus en plus important dans l'evaluation des effets relatifs a des concentrations elevees. L'ordination des donnees sur la biodiversite par le positionnement multidimensionnelle a indique que le site de reference C etait distincte des deux fermes, alors qu'il y avait un certain chevauchement entre les deux fermes.
AN  - rayyan-279909051
AU  - Chang, B. C.
AU  - Cooper, J. A.
AU  - Page, F. H.
AU  - Losier, R. J.
DA  - 2017
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2017
SP  - 79-79
ST  - Benthic macrofaunal biodiversity in relation to sediment sulfide concentration under salmon farms in southwestern New Brunswick, Bay of Fundy
TI  - Benthic macrofaunal biodiversity in relation to sediment sulfide concentration under salmon farms in southwestern New Brunswick, Bay of Fundy
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1888957358?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=j9YtmiGotKXSfqQ%2BmXWod881SyE%3D
ID  - 16
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Fish farming is an important source of organic matter input in coastal waters, which contributes to eutrophication. In this study, the macrofaunal benthic community was studied after the cessation of fish farming with the aim of improving our understanding of benthic succession and sediment recovery in a marine ecosystem. The results showed that the best environmental variables for assessing organic pollution were acid-volatile sulfides (AVS) and redox potential. Succession and recovery was best explained by macrofaunal analysis based on community composition as well as on trophic groups. The patterns of recovery differed between each impacted station. For this reason, succession could not be accurately predicted due to the unique environmental parameters and the singular community functional structure of each location. The Azti Marine Benthic Index (AMBI) proved its validity for assessing pollution but did not distinguish between successional stages. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
AN  - rayyan-321504033
AU  - Sanz-Lázaro, C.
AU  - Marin, A.
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.05.006
PY  - 2006
SP  - 374-387
ST  - Benthic recovery during open sea fish farming abatement in Western Mediterranean, Spain
TI  - Benthic recovery during open sea fish farming abatement in Western Mediterranean, Spain
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846004397&doi=10.1016%2fj.marenvres.2006.05.006&partnerID=40&md5=eabfcec1b359b04e7709db8ffec83926
VL  - 62
ID  - 227
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Objective: Salmon fish farming has become a major industry in Norway, increasingly dependent on contracted maritime transport and different special services. The aim of the paper was to explore work safety for contractors in Norwegian fish farming. Previous research from other industries illustrates contractors are more susceptible to time and work pressure, have more hazardous jobs, and are more accident-prone, compared to fixed employees. This study investigated whether there are special safety challenges for contractors in Norwegian salmon farming. Methods: The study was based on a digitally distributed questionnaire survey, involving 979 employed by a fish farming company and 304 contractors. Descriptive analyses were performed on how contractors experienced interaction with the fish farming companies. Bivariate analyses (chi-square tests and t-test) were applied to explore differences related to injury and near-accident exposure and efficiency demands. Results: Related to work absence due to work-related injuries during the last 12 months, there was no significant difference between contractors (13,5%) and fixed employees (10,2%). A greater proportion of contractors (69,8%) than fixed employees (62,5%) reported that they had experienced near-accidents during the last 2 years. Of the contractors, 55% considered their work to be undervalued by the fish farming companies, 56% that the companies' efficiency demands led to breaking of procedures, and 66% that lack of cooperation was a threat to safety. A majority trust the companies to prioritize their safety (66%) and agree they can stop an operation if safety is threatened (87%). Compared to fixed employees, contractors reported higher efficiency demands and work pressure that could go at the expense of safety, even if the differences were small. Conclusion: Both contractors and fixed employees report safety challenges, and contractors could be at even more risk. Contractors perform more hazardous work, report flaws in the interaction with fish farming companies, and report higher efficiency demands. The differences are still small/modest, and safety improvement measures should involve all employees. Fish farming companies should be aware of how they influence the framework conditions for contractors.
AN  - rayyan-279910405
AU  - Kongsvik, Trond
AU  - Størkersen, Kristine
AU  - Thorvaldsen, Trine
AU  - Holen, Siri
DA  - 2025
DO  - doi:doi:10.1080/1059924X.2025.2450057
PY  - 2025
SP  - 263-272
ST  - Between the devil and the deep blue sea: work safety for contractors in Norwegian fish farming
TI  - Between the devil and the deep blue sea: work safety for contractors in Norwegian fish farming
VL  - 30
ID  - 75
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Characterization of microbial assemblages via environmental DNA metabarcoding is increasingly being used in routine monitoring programs due to its sensitivity and cost-effectiveness. Several programs have recently been developed which infer functional profiles from 16S rRNA gene data using hidden-state prediction (HSP) algorithms. These might offer an economic and scalable alternative to shotgun metagenomics. To date, HSP-based methods have seen limited use for benthic marine surveys and their performance in these environments remains unevaluated. In this study, 16S rRNA metabarcoding was applied to sediment samples collected at 0 and ≥1,200 m from Norwegian salmon farms, and three metabolic inference approaches (Paprica, Picrust2 and Tax4Fun2) evaluated against metagenomics and environmental data. While metabarcoding and metagenomics recovered a comparable functional diversity, the taxonomic composition differed between approaches, with genera richness up to 20× higher for metabarcoding. Comparisons between the sensitivity (highest true positive rates) and specificity (lowest true negative rates) of HSP-based programs in detecting functions found in metagenomic data ranged from 0.52 and 0.60 to 0.76 and 0.79, respectively. However, little correlation was observed between the relative abundance of their specific functions. Functional beta-diversity of HSP-based data was strongly associated with that of metagenomics (r ≥ 0.86 for Paprica and Tax4Fun2) and responded similarly to the impact of fish farm activities. Our results demonstrate that although HSP-based metabarcoding approaches provide a slightly different functional profile than metagenomics, partly due to recovering a distinct community, they represent a cost-effective and valuable tool for characterizing and assessing the effects of fish farming on benthic ecosystems.
AN  - rayyan-321501860
AU  - Laroche, Olivier
AU  - Pochon, Xavier
AU  - Wood, Susanna A.
AU  - Keeley, Nigel
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/1755-0998.13426
PY  - 2021
SP  - 2264-2277
ST  - Beyond taxonomy: validating functional inference approaches in the context of fish-farm impact assessments
TI  - Beyond taxonomy: validating functional inference approaches in the context of fish-farm impact assessments
VL  - 21
ID  - 130
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Sediment profiles of modal grain size, water content, salinity, redox potentials, ammonium, sulfides, sulfate, organic carbon and nitrogen, benthic dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide flux, and macrofauna biomass were determined at 22 stations in the Western Isles region of the Bay of Fundy between June and August 1994. Eleven sites were located under salmon net-pens and 11 sites at distances further than 50 m from net-pens served as reference (control) locations. Total sulfide and redox potentials in surface sediment were the most sensitive indicators of benthic organic enrichment associated with salmon aquaculture.
AN  - rayyan-279911634
AU  - Hargrave, B. T.
AU  - Phillips, G. A.
AU  - Doucette, L. I.
AU  - White, M. J.
AU  - Milligan, T. G.
AU  - Wildish, D. J.
DA  - 1995
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 1995
ST  - Biogeochemical observations to assess benthic impacts of organic enrichment from marine aquaculture in the Western Isles region of the Bay of Fundy, 1994
TI  - Biogeochemical observations to assess benthic impacts of organic enrichment from marine aquaculture in the Western Isles region of the Bay of Fundy, 1994
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/15573942?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=pT62AaOlli%2F7Iu8Zl23R7tYh5F8%3D
ID  - 108
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The resilience of coastal social-ecological systems may depend on adaptive responses to aquaculture disease outbreaks that can threaten wild and farm fish. A nine-year study of parasitic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from Pacific Canada indicates that adaptive changes in parasite management on salmon farms have yielded positive conservation outcomes. After four years of sea lice epizootics and wild salmon population decline, parasiticide application on salmon farms was adapted to the timing of wild salmon migrations. Winter treatment of farm fish with parasiticides, prior to the out-migration of wild juvenile salmon, has reduced epizootics of wild salmon without significantly increasing the annual number of treatments. Levels of parasites on wild juvenile salmon significantly influence the growth rate of affected salmon populations, suggesting that these changes in management have had positive outcomes for wild salmon populations. These adaptive changes have not occurred through formal adaptive management, but rather, through multi-stakeholder processes arising from a contentious scientific and public debate. Despite the apparent success of parasite control on salmon farms in the study region, there remain concerns about the long-term sustainability of this approach because of the unknown ecological effects of parasticides and the potential for parasite resistance to chemical treatments.
AN  - rayyan-321503844
AU  - Peacock, S. J.
AU  - Krkosek, M.
AU  - Proboszcz, S.
AU  - Orr, C.
AU  - Lewis, M. A.
DA  - 2013
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2013
SP  - 606-620
ST  - Cessation of a salmon decline with control of parasites
TI  - Cessation of a salmon decline with control of parasites
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1352291104?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=m0fYJSsmZJVIeZ7lQwsiM9R1wXM%3D
VL  - 23
ID  - 218
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Along the Norwegian coastline, it is predicted that salmonid aquaculture will rapidly expand in the coming years, exceeding current production levels of 1.3 million t in 2012. This will result in increased interactions with both local and regional environments, thus more knowledge is urgently needed to better risk-manage a rapid expansion. We investigated changes in the benthic sediment condition in association with an Atlantic salmon farm sited at a deep, well-flushed coastal site in western Norway. Benthic fluxes of O sub(2), total carbon dioxide (TCO sub(2)) and NH sub(4) super(+) intensified over the production cycle, when farming activity and the sedimentation of carbon and nitrogen was at its maximum. During the sampling campaign, benthic fluxes of O sub(2), TCO sub(2) and NH sub(4) super(+) at the farming location were higher than those measured at a nearby reference location. Stimulation of benthic fluxes over the production cycle at the farming location were most likely driven by changes in benthic faunal community structure, abundance and biomass. High abundances of opportunistic species (i.e. Capitella capitata, Heteromastus filiformis, Paramphinome jeffreysii, Abra nitida and Thyasira sarsil) dominated the farming location, whilst the sediment biogeochemistry was stable throughout the study period at both locations. However, despite differences in benthic fluxes and fauna structure over the production cycle, the input of organic carbon and nitrogen did not exceed the mineralisation capacity of a deep, well-flushed, fish farming location.
AN  - rayyan-321503968
AU  - Bannister, R. J.
AU  - Valdemarsen, T.
AU  - Hansen, P. K.
AU  - Holmer, M.
AU  - Ervik, A.
DA  - 2014
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00092
PY  - 2014
SP  - 29-47
ST  - Changes in benthic sediment conditions under an Atlantic salmon farm at a deep, well-flushed coastal site
TI  - Changes in benthic sediment conditions under an Atlantic salmon farm at a deep, well-flushed coastal site
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1635019729?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=sD2nxPDSLzLcbbIKFRMv8PlQBi8%3D
VL  - 5
ID  - 224
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Sediment samples were collected under two salmon farms and a reference site in southwestern New Brunswick, Bay of Fundy. Sulfide data indicated that the reference site was unaffected, while a 150,000 fish farm had low impacts and a 500,000 fish farm had higher impacts. At the reference site, benthic macrofaunal diversity was high in all samples. At the farms, biodiversity was high in sediments with low sulfide levels and lower in sediments with higher sulfide levels, although there was considerable variability, especially at intermediate sulfide levels. Measures of community structure indicated that sediments under both farms were affected by organic enrichment, with greater impacts at the larger farm. The transition between normal and affected conditions (as reflected in the macrobenthic community) occurred at sulfide levels in the range 500-2000 mu M.
AN  - rayyan-343236305
AU  - Chang, B. D.
AU  - Cooper, J. A.
AU  - Page, F. H.
AU  - Losier, R. J.
AU  - McCurdy, E. P.
AU  - Reid, J. C. E.
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2011
SP  - 21-23
ST  - Changes in the benthic macrofaunal community associated with sediment sulfide levels under salmon farms in southwestern New Brunswick, Bay of Fundy
TI  - Changes in the benthic macrofaunal community associated with sediment sulfide levels under salmon farms in southwestern New Brunswick, Bay of Fundy
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/920800348?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=Qq6zEEC%2BHsiyV9FPQiHBajXLYsk%3D
ID  - 233
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Man's impact on biodiversity depends on both the type of intervention and the nature of the receiving environment. In the context of salmon farming, environmental impacts occur largely through the flux of farm-derived organic detritus to the seabed. In order to assess these potential impacts this research aimed (a) to identify sensitive benthic habitats, particularly those categorized as Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) habitats, in relation to salmon farming; (b) to identify and classify the nature of the benthic habitats that occur around Scottish salmon farms and assess the overlap between sensitive habitats and salmon farms; and (c) to conduct a pilot investigation into the abundance of the sea pen Pennatula phosphorea around a single salmon farm. The benthic habitat occurring underneath Scottish salmon farms consisted, predominantly, of muds (58%) and shelly sands (27%) with the bed-type rock, also frequently occurring in close proximity (though not directly underneath) salmon farms. Most farms were located in water between 20 and 50m deep. These findings are commensurate with the Scottish salmon-farming industry being located in relatively sheltered sea lochs, in close proximity to the shore. Salmon farming was considered, on the basis of spatial overlap and habitat sensitivity, to pose a high risk to maerl and beds of Modiolus modiolus and, on the basis of a lack of information, sheltered muddy gravels and the megafauna associated with the mud in deep water BAP. Sea pen abundance was highly variable but was reduced in close proximity to the salmon farm. While abundance increased to a maximum of 10 per transect at intermediate distances, at the farm peripheries numerous transects were found, again, to contain no sea pens. This may have been as a consequence of the protection offered by the physical presence of the salmon cages against trawling that occurs in the vicinity of the farm.
AN  - rayyan-343238240
AU  - Wilding, Thomas A.
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02675.x
PY  - 2011
SP  - 35-40
ST  - A characterization and sensitivity analysis of the benthic biotopes around Scottish salmon farms with a focus on the sea pen Pennatula phosphorea L
TI  - A characterization and sensitivity analysis of the benthic biotopes around Scottish salmon farms with a focus on the sea pen Pennatula phosphorea L
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/860395834?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=FDKaRemC3PwyB3ojI3lKZn2Y%2BY8%3D
VL  - 42
ID  - 296
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Salmon farms in British Columbia now typically produce over 2000 mt of fish during each 18- to 24-month production cycle. An 18-month study of Stolt Sea Farms' Arrow Pass farm was undertaken in 1996 to examine the spatial and temporal extents of chemical and biological benthic effects. Microbial metabolism of farm biodeposits in nearfield sediments resulted in increased sulfide concentrations and decreased redox potential. These physicochemical changes modified the macrobenthic community. Species sensitive to enrichment were quickly extinguished from the immediate vicinity of the farm and were replaced by the organic carbon tolerant opportunistic annelids Capitella capitata and Ophryotrocha cf. vivipara. These effects extended to at least 50 m from the net-pen's perimeter on the downcurrent transect. Chemical remediation, defined as a return to reference levels of organic carbon, a reduction in free sediment sulfides to 960 mu M and an increase in sediment redox potential to reference conditions, began as soon as the harvest commenced and was complete by the end of harvest. Biological remediation began during the harvest and was complete within 6 months of fallow. Annelids and crustaceans recruited first into the remediating sediments and were followed by at least two seres of mollusks. Routine quarterly monitoring of sediment-free sulfides, redox potential and total volatile solids (TVS) at four Stolt Sea Farms' tenures from 1999 through present has demonstrated that sediment sulfides increase rapidly during the early stages of production and decrease equally quickly during harvest. Fallow periods of 4-6 months appeared adequate for complete chemical remediation at the tenures examined. Elevated concentrations of zinc, which is added as a supplement to salmon feeds, have been observed in sediments. However, they are bound by sulfides and are not biologically available. Zinc concentrations declined to background during chemical remediation. No cumulative effects associated with either organic carbon or zinc were observed at any of these farms during successive production cycles.
AN  - rayyan-343237012
AU  - Brooks, K. M.
AU  - Stierns, A. R.
AU  - Mahnken, C. V.
AU  - Blackburn, D. B.
DA  - 2003
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00528-8
PY  - 2003
SP  - 355-377
ST  - Chemical and biological remediation of the benthos near Atlantic salmon farms
TI  - Chemical and biological remediation of the benthos near Atlantic salmon farms
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/16159709?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=n2z91aYA9OvJgL56RvRrdew5My4%3D
VL  - 219
ID  - 254
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Sediment biogeochemical processes were measured on a transect of 4 stations FF 20W, 40W and 80W (number is metres from the fish farm, FF, to the west) at the Ardag gilthead seabream Sparus aurata farm in the Gulf of Aqaba, a highly oligotrophic system renowned for its clear water and diverse corals. At each station samples were taken for analysis of macrofaunal community and benthic oxygen demand, together with depth profiles of CHN, porosity, chlorophyll a and fatty acids. The macrobenthos was dominated by the small marine snail Nassarius sinusigerus. In contrast to many fish farms in temperate waters, a large abundance of small, opportunist worms was not observed near the fish farm although sulphide oxidising bacteria Beggiatoa spp. were observed. Oxygen demands (108-154 mmol m... d...) near the farm were lower than those observed elsewhere despite the high water temperature (~ 26 ...C). Bioturbation rates derived from chlorophyll profiles were low (0.013-0.069 cm... d...) compared to results from a farm in Scotland as a consequence of the much lower infaunal abundance. Porosity, organic carbon and carbon/nitrogen ratio profiles showed clear discrimination between the stations near the cages (FF and 20W) and those more distant. A Multi-Dimensional Scaling plot of 31 sediment fatty acid concentrations from each of the 4 stations (averaged to 4 cm sediment depth) shows a trend in fatty acid composition that allows good discrimination between 80W, 40W and the two stations near the farm, which overlap. An increase in the proportion of bacterial fatty acids with distance from the farm indicates a change from profiles dominated by farm wastes (with a high proportion of fish feed derived mono-unsaturated fatty acids) near the farm to background conditions where the profiles are dominated by benthic biomass. The data presented are discussed by contrasting these with earlier studies in mesotrophic systems. The results indicate that the Pearson-Rosenberg paradigm of benthic succession may be altered owing to the dominance of the benthos by N. sinusigerus and low animal abundance and so benthic indicators of impact would have to be tailored for the characteristics of this environment. Sediment water content, organic carbon content, C/N ratios and fatty acids all showed trends with distance from the farm and could be considered as indicators, as could the density of N. sinusigerus and the presence of Beggiatoa sp. mats. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
AN  - rayyan-279910700
AU  - Black, Kenneth D.
AU  - Calder, Lois A.
AU  - Nickell, Thomas D.
AU  - Sayer, Martin D. J.
AU  - Orr, Heather
AU  - Brand
DA  - 2012
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2012
SP  - 317
ST  - Chlorophyll, lipid profiles and bioturbation in sediments around a fish cage farm in the Gulf of Eilat, Israel
TI  - Chlorophyll, lipid profiles and bioturbation in sediments around a fish cage farm in the Gulf of Eilat, Israel
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1024131472?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=FkFztE0Zw3Pr44cBJ1%2FLh0onA30%3D
VL  - 356
ID  - 85
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The influence of sea-cage salmon farms in increasing the parasite loads of wild salmonids has received considerable attention due to the potential negative consequences for both natural populations and cultivated stock. However, studies dealing with the parasitological loads of reared fish of other species and their relation with farm-associated wild fish are scarce. In this work, cultured and aggregated, wild fish from 3 different fish farms and 2 control locations were compared by hook and line and spear-fishing. It was found that reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata) did not share macroparasites with farm-associated wild fish (bogue Boops boops and Mediterranean horse mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus). Similarly, no effect of farms on the total parasite community was detected when it was compared farm-associated and not farm-associated wild bogue and mackerel neither a host-range enlargement that has been detected in some other works. Reduced numbers of cestodes, nematodes and the digenean Lecithocladium excisum (which is first recorded parasitizing T. mediterraneus) occurred in farm-associated wild fish compared to not farm-associated fish. In contrast, the digenean parasites Bacciger israelensis and Prodistomum polonii were favoured by the farm effect. Influence of farms on wild fish, such as diet modification, may be detrimental for some parasite species, while these same conditions could enhance others. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
AN  - rayyan-321501592
AU  - Fernandez-Jover, Damian
AU  - Faliex, Elisabeth
AU  - Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo
AU  - Sasal, Pierre
AU  - Bayle-Sempere, J.
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2010
SP  - 10
ST  - Coastal fish farming does not affect the total parasite communities of wild fish in SW Mediterranean
TI  - Coastal fish farming does not affect the total parasite communities of wild fish in SW Mediterranean
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/204800273?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=OuzGKiKAu%2BZdomLrcjbxhrw8l2M%3D
VL  - 300
ID  - 119
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Summary 1. Pathogen transmission from open net-pen aquaculture facilities can depress sympatric wild fish populations. However, little is known about the effects of pathogen transmission from farmed fish on species interactions or other ecosystem components. Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch smolts are susceptible hosts to the parasitic salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis as well as a primary predator of juvenile pink Oncorhynchus gorbuscha salmon, a major host species for lice. 2. We used a hierarchical model of stock-recruit dynamics to compare coho salmon population dynamics across a region that varies in salmon louse infestation of juvenile coho and their pink salmon prey. 3. During a period of recurring salmon louse infestations in a region of open net-pen salmon farms, coho salmon productivity (recruits per spawner at low spawner abundance) was depressed approximately sevenfold relative to unexposed populations. Alternate hypotheses for the observed difference in productivity, such as declines in coho prey, perturbations to freshwater habitat or stochasticity, are unlikely to explain this pattern. 4. Lice parasitizing juvenile coho salmon were likely to be trophically transmitted during predation on parasitized juvenile pink salmon as well as directly transmitted from salmon farms. 5. Synthesis and applications. The finding that species interactions may cause the effects of pathogen transmission from farmed to wild fish to propagate up a marine food web has important conservation implications: (i) the management of salmon aquaculture should consider and account for species interactions and the potential for these interactions to intensify pathogen transmission from farmed to wild fish, (ii) the ecosystem impact of louse transmission from farmed to wild salmon has likely to have been previously underestimated and (iii) comprehensive monitoring of wild salmon and their population dynamics in areas of intensive salmon aquaculture should be a priority to determine if open net-pen salmon aquaculture is ecologically sustainable.
AN  - rayyan-279910563
AU  - Connors, Brendan
AU  - Krkošek, Martin
AU  - Ford, Jennifer S.
AU  - Dill, Lawrence M.
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01889.x
PY  - 2010
SP  - 1372-1377
ST  - Coho salmon productivity in relation to salmon lice from infected prey and salmon farms
TI  - Coho salmon productivity in relation to salmon lice from infected prey and salmon farms
UR  - https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01889.x
VL  - 47
ID  - 80
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This paper proposes a company-level biodiversity impact assessment framework tailored to the aquaculture industry. Using publicly available data from Norway, we analyze the relative biodiversity performance of companies based on the following impact variables: sea lice, escapes, diseases, bottom conditions, and lice treatments. We apply an unsupervised clustering methodology to classify and rank companies based on their aggregated biodiversity impact over time. Our findings suggest that companies operating in the northern production areas of Norway have a geographical advantage due to lower sea temperature and lower density of localities, resulting in higher biodiversity rankings. When considering the biodiversity ranking within regions with comparable biological conditions, we find that larger and publicly traded salmon farming companies perform better than smaller privately owned ones, potentially indicating better managerial practices related to biodiversity issues. © 2023 The Authors
AN  - rayyan-279910135
AU  - Hagspiel, V.
AU  - Jansen, M. B.
AU  - Lavrutich, M.
AU  - Nepstad, G.
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105899
PY  - 2024
ST  - Company level biodiversity impact assessment: An application to the aquaculture industry in Norway
TI  - Company level biodiversity impact assessment: An application to the aquaculture industry in Norway
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175793185&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpol.2023.105899&partnerID=40&md5=72f5a533700afeef15d088ec82265507
VL  - 159
ID  - 67
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Nutrients introduced to the environment by finfish aquaculture pose environmental risks, which can be mitigated by robust environmental monitoring. Biological communities in soft sediments are good indicators of aquaculture derived environmental changes. Traditionally, monitoring programs have visually surveyed macrofauna communities. However, DNA metabarcoding is a potentially more efficient alternative. We compared alpha diversity, multivariate dispersion and taxonomic composition of macrofauna communities with metabarcoding derived bacterial and eukaryote communities along an organic enrichment gradient at a salmon farm in Tasmania, Australia. Additionally, we conducted a cost-benefit analysis comparing the approaches. All methods identified indicator taxa that changed in abundance over the enrichment gradient. Macrofauna analysis was the most sensitive method for detecting changes in alpha diversity, while metabarcoding was most sensitive for multivariate dispersion. Taxonomic composition of animal communities derived from the two methods differed drastically. Metabarcoding was cheaper than macrofauna for ≥93 samples and quicker for ≥14 samples.
AN  - rayyan-343238649
AU  - Coutts, Alexander
AU  - Zimmermann, Danielle
AU  - Davey, Adam
AU  - Bowman, John P.
AU  - Ross, Donald J.
AU  - Strain, E.
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117172
PY  - 2024
ST  - A comparison of visual and molecular methods for inferring biological communities in aquaculture enriched sediments - impact assessment and cost-benefit analysis
TI  - A comparison of visual and molecular methods for inferring biological communities in aquaculture enriched sediments - impact assessment and cost-benefit analysis
VL  - 209
ID  - 307
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Theory predicts that hybrid fitness should decrease as population divergence increases. This suggests that the effects of human-induced hybridization might be adequately predicted from the known divergence among parental populations. We tested this prediction by quantifying trait differentiation between multigenerational crosses of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and divergent wild populations from the Northwest Atlantic; the former escape repeatedly into the wild, while the latter are severely depleted. Under common environmental conditions and at the spatiotemporal scale considered (340 km, 12000 years of divergence), substantial cross differentiation had a largely additive genetic basis at behavioral, life history, and morphological traits. Wild backcrossing did not completely restore hybrid trait distributions to presumably more optimal wild states. Consistent with theory, the degree to which hybrids deviated in absolute terms from their parental populations increased with increasing parental divergence (i.e., the collective environmental and life history differentiation, genetic divergence, and geographic distance between parents). Nevertheless, while these differences were predictable, their implications for risk assessment were not: wild populations that were equally divergent from farmed salmon in the total amount of divergence differed in the specific traits at which this divergence occurred. Combined with ecological data on the rate of farmed escapes and wild population trends, we thus suggest that the greatest utility of hybridization data for risk assessment may be through their incorporation into demographic modeling of the short- and long-term consequences to wild population persistence. In this regard, our work demonstrates that detailed hybridization data are essential to account for life-stage-specific changes in phenotype or fitness within divergent but interrelated groups of wild populations. The approach employed here will be relevant to risk assessments in a range of wild species where hybridization with domesticated relatives is a concern, especially where the conservation status of the wild species may preclude direct fitness comparisons in the wild.
AN  - rayyan-343237851
AU  - Fraser, D. J.
AU  - Houde, A. L. S.
AU  - Debes, P. V.
AU  - O'Reilly, P.
AU  - Eddington, J. D.
AU  - Hutchings, J. A.
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2010
SP  - 935-953
ST  - Consequences of farmed--wild hybridization across divergent wild populations and multiple traits in salmon
TI  - Consequences of farmed--wild hybridization across divergent wild populations and multiple traits in salmon
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/746162171?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=UUKUN9sCgDxTHmCRQbtF%2FwHiURY%3D
VL  - 20
ID  - 285
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Trophic subsidies can drive widespread ecological change, thus knowledge of how keystone species respond to subsidies is important. Aquaculture of large carnivorous fish generates substantial waste as faeces and lost feed, providing a food source to mobile benthic invertebrates. We used a controlled feeding study combined with a field survey to better understand the interaction between salmon aquaculture and the sea urchin, Echinus acutus, a dominant mobile invertebrate in Norwegian fjords. We tested if diets affected urchin fatty acid composition by feeding them one of three diet treatments ("aquafeed", "composite" and "natural") for 10 weeks. To test if proximity to fish farms altered E. acutus fatty acid composition, populations were sampled at 10 locations in Hardangerfjord and Masfjord (Western Norway) from directly adjacent and up to 12 km from farms. Fatty acids were measured in gonads and eggs in the diet experiment and in gonads and gut contents from wild animals. Urchins directly assimilated aquaculture waste at farm sites, as evidenced by elevated linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA) and Σ LA, OA in their tissues. The diet experiment highlighted the biosynthetic and selective dietary sparing capacity of E. acutus in both gonads and eggs, with evidence for the elongation and desaturation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) from C18 fatty acid precursors. Elevated biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted (NMI) fatty acids, in particular 20:3Δ7,11,14 and 20:2 Δ5,11, were also linked to a high C18 fatty acid, low ≥ C20 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) diet. Fatty acid composition of gonads of wild urchins indicated a highly variable diet. The study indicates that the generalist feeding ecology of E. acutus, coupled with extensive biosynthetic capacity, enables it to exploit aquaculture waste as an energy-rich trophic subsidy.
AN  - rayyan-343236449
AU  - White, C. A.
AU  - Bannister, R. J.
AU  - Dworjanyn, S. A.
AU  - Husa, V.
AU  - Nichols, P. D.
AU  - Kutti, T.
AU  - Dempster, T.
DA  - 2017
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.109
PY  - 2017
SP  - 1170-1181
ST  - Consumption of aquaculture waste affects the fatty acid metabolism of a benthic invertebrate
TI  - Consumption of aquaculture waste affects the fatty acid metabolism of a benthic invertebrate
VL  - 586
ID  - 236
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Two methods of environmental monitoring proposed for the salmon mariculture industry are compared and contrasted on the basis of scientific and cost-effectiveness criteria: a technique based on macrofaunal community structure and one using process-oriented sediment geochemistry. For this purpose, field sampling was confined to one salmon farm and a nearby reference site in the Bay of Fundy. Both methods produced significant differences between farm and reference sites, as well as meeting other appropriate scientific criteria. The geochemical method was based on field measurements of sedimentary Eh, by redox electrode, and sedimentary sulphide after fixing the sediment in a sulphur anti-oxidant buffer and ion analyses with Ag/Ag sulphide and combination reference electrode. Both measures can be completed in the field from the sampling vessel. Results suggested that the geochemical method was of significantly lower cost than the technique based on macrofaunal community structure. This is because of the lengthy laboratory time required to determine the identity and abundance of macrofaunal taxa. Both methods can categorize the sedimentary organic impact as normal, oxic, hypoxic, or anoxic, which depends ultimately on the dominant microflora present. This, in turn, depends on the rate of carbon reaching the sediment, as well as its utilization by biological and physical processes.
AN  - rayyan-321501468
AU  - Wildish, D. J.
AU  - Hargrave, B. T.
AU  - Pohle, G.
DA  - 2001
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.1030
PY  - 2001
SP  - 469-476
ST  - Cost-effective monitoring of organic enrichment resulting from salmon mariculture
TI  - Cost-effective monitoring of organic enrichment resulting from salmon mariculture
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/18179474?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=YKolJ2RQIrNu0nLQQFZNvrCnMi0%3D
VL  - 58
ID  - 112
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The production of growth hormone (GH) transgenic animals has raised a host of social and scientific concerns regarding their potential impacts on ecosystems should they escape into nature. Indeed, theoretical models suggest that GH transgenic animals could, under specific conditions, decimate local populations. However, while there are numerous laboratory examinations of factors affecting survival of transgenic and wild animals, we know little about the competitive reproductive capacity of transgenic animals. Here, we examined the reproductive capabilities of cultured GH transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) when in competition with wild coho derived from nature using semi-natural mating arenas (within a contained facility). To account for the well-known reproductive impairments associated with culturing salmon in laboratory facilities we contrasted the competitive reproductive success of GH transgenic coho against that of cultured non-transgenic coho. We also performed in vitro sperm analyses to assess the postcopulatory competitive ability of GH transgenic coho. In competitive mating arenas, transgenic coho performed fewer courtship and aggressive behaviours than coho from nature and sired less than 6% of offspring. Non-transgenic cultured coho, despite their smaller body size, sired more than twice as many offspring than transgenic coho when competing against wild coho in mating arenas. Transgenic males also face a postcopulatory reproductive disadvantage as their ejaculates contained fewer sperm that swam slower and for shorter durations than sperm from wild males. Together, these findings suggest limited potential for the transmission of transgenes from cultured GH transgenic coho salmon through natural matings should they escape from a contained culture facility into nature and reproductively interact with a local wild coho salmon strain. However, as responses of wild-reared fish can differ greatly from those of cultured fish, we stress the importance of understanding genotype-by-environment interactions for reproductive phenotypes when developing risk assessment information. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
AN  - rayyan-321503759
AU  - Fitzpatrick, John L.
AU  - Akbarashandiz, Hamid
AU  - Sakhrani, Dionne
AU  - Biagi, Carlo A.
AU  - Pitcher, Trevor E.
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2011
SP  - 185
ST  - Cultured growth hormone transgenic salmon are reproductively out-competed by wild-reared salmon in semi-natural mating arenas
TI  - Cultured growth hormone transgenic salmon are reproductively out-competed by wild-reared salmon in semi-natural mating arenas
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/853272077?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=P9xHtWnAKprJH52CEEXZJoL74Zw%3D
VL  - 312
ID  - 214
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-279909177
AU  - Ford, Jennifer S. Z.
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2006
ST  - Demonstration of an impact of salmon farming on survival of wild salmonids in the North Atlantic and Pacific, using population dynamics data
TI  - Demonstration of an impact of salmon farming on survival of wild salmonids in the North Atlantic and Pacific, using population dynamics data
ID  - 24
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Relocating Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. farms away from important salmonid rivers is possibly a means to reduce Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) interactions between farmed Atlantic salmon and wild salmonids. However, to date, no data have been presented on the consequences of salmon farm relocation in terms of densities of planktonic L. salmonis. Near-surface plankton were sampled at 5 stations during 2 full farming production cycles; 1 before and 1 after a salmon farm relocation within a sea loch/fjord. The relocation comprised the removal of a salmon farm and the reallocation of its fish biomass to a different farm within the same management area. Over 85% of the larval sea lice we identified in sub-samples were L. salmonis; we therefore assumed that the majority of the larvae found were of that species. Densities of L. salmonis larvae increased significantly at all stations post relocation, except at the station near the vacated farm site where mean densities of nauplii were significantly lower and mean densities of copepodids were lower without statistical significance. The removal/relocation of the salmon farm significantly reduced the production of L. salmonis larvae, but did not significantly reduce the infection pressure, as represented by densities of the infectious copepodid stage, at the vacated farm site. This finding indicates that planktonic L. salmonis were transported to the vacated farm site from sources at a minimum of 5 to 8 km distant.
AN  - rayyan-279909750
AU  - Penston, M. J.
AU  - McBeath, A. J. A.
AU  - Millar, C. P.
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:10.3354/aei00022
PY  - 2011
SP  - 225-232
ST  - Densities of planktonic Lepeophtheirus salmonis before and after an Atlantic salmon farm relocation
TI  - Densities of planktonic Lepeophtheirus salmonis before and after an Atlantic salmon farm relocation
VL  - 1
ID  - 51
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Rapid expansion of salmon aquaculture has resulted in high-density populations that host diverse infectious agents, for which surveillance and monitoring are critical to disease management. Screening can reveal infection diversity from which disease arises, differential patterns of infection in live and dead fish that are difficult to collect in wild populations, and potential risks associated with agent transmission between wild and farmed hosts. We report results from a multi-year infectious-agent screening program of farmed salmon in British Columbia, Canada, using quantitative PCR to assess presence and load of 58 infective agents (viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotes) in 2931 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Our analysis reveals temporal trends, agent correlations within hosts, and agent-associated mortality signatures. Multiple agents, most notably Tenacibaculum maritimum, were elevated in dead and dying salmon. We also report detections of agents only recently shown to infect farmed salmon in BC (Atlantic salmon calicivirus, Cutthroat trout virus-2), detection in freshwater hatcheries of two marine agents (Kudoa thyrsites and Tenacibaculum maritimum), and detection in the ocean of a freshwater agent (Flavobacterium psychrophilum). Our results provide information for farm managers, regulators, and conservationists, and enable further work to explore patterns of multi-agent infection and farm/wild transmission risk.
AN  - rayyan-271834151
AU  - Bateman, Andrew W.
AU  - Schulze, Angela D.
AU  - Kaukinen, Karia H.
AU  - Tabata, Amy
AU  - Mordecai, Gideon J.
AU  - Fly...
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78978-9
PY  - 2021
SP  - 3466-3466
ST  - Descriptive multi-agent epidemiology via molecular screening on Atlantic salmon farms in the northeast Pacific Ocean
TI  - Descriptive multi-agent epidemiology via molecular screening on Atlantic salmon farms in the northeast Pacific Ocean
UR  - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-78978-9
VL  - 11
ID  - 13
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This article gives an insight into the degree of establishment and potential impact of escaped sea bass in shallow coastal habitats of Tenerife. We studied spatial distribution, abundance, size frequency and use of habitat by visual census. Stomach contents and gonadal maturity of escaped sea bass were analysed. Results show that abundance of escaped sea bass is related to distance from to the nearest fish farm and to the habitat complexity. The most frequent size found in the wild corresponds to that of first marketing size. Stomach contents indicate that escaped sea bass were able to exploit natural resources, especially fish. The presence of a female with mature gonads indicates that conditions for successful maturation exist. However, further studies are needed to ensure whether or not escaped sea bass are able to establish self-reproducing populations. Thus, we can conclude that sea bass seem to be already established in shallow coastal habitats of Tenerife, but the population may depend mainly on escapees. As a result of being an opportunistic piscivore, sea bass could be predating on and competing with other native species that are economically important. These results are useful to develop a risk assessment based on quantitative data to predict negative effects. Moreover, management policies such as communication of massive escapes or mitigation measures are needed to prevent future impact on the marine environment.
AN  - rayyan-343236638
AU  - Toledo Guedes, K.
AU  - Sánchez-Jerez, P.
AU  - González-Lorenzo, G.
AU  - Brito Hernández, A.
DA  - 2009
DO  - doi:doi:10.1007/s10750-008-9658-8
PY  - 2009
SP  - 203-212
ST  - Detecting the degree of establishment of a non-indigenous species in coastal ecosystems: sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax escapes from sea cages in Canary Islands (Northeastern Central Atlantic)
TI  - Detecting the degree of establishment of a non-indigenous species in coastal ecosystems: sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax escapes from sea cages in Canary Islands (Northeastern Central Atlantic)
VL  - 623
ID  - 243
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Sediment samples were taken in three areas related to the use of antifouling paints in salmon farming in southern Chile, in order to detect changes in the abundance and diversity of benthic macrofauna due to the accumulation of metals such as Cu and Zn in sediments. The results show that if there especially Cu accumulation in sediments adjacent to cages each crop, but there were no significant changes in the composition or abundance of benthic macrofauna that accompanies these farms, even when concentrations Cu exceeded 800 µg g^sup -1^ in sediments.
AN  - rayyan-279909695
AU  - Vera, Rodrigo
AU  - Duarte, Cristián
AU  - Pinilla, Elías
AU  - Oyarzún, Vladimir Murillo Marina
AU  - Aroca, Gésica
DA  - 2015
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2015
SP  - 351
ST  - Determinación y evaluación de los componentes presentes en las pinturas anti-incrustantes utilizadas en la acuicultura y sus posibles efectos en sedimentos marinos en el sur de Chile/Identification and evaluation of components present in antifouling paints used in aquaculture, and its possible ef
TI  - Determinación y evaluación de los componentes presentes en las pinturas anti-incrustantes utilizadas en la acuicultura y sus posibles efectos en sedimentos marinos en el sur de Chile/Identification and evaluation of components present in antifouling paints used in aquaculture, and its possible ef
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1690371412?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=BARJAAPHr6a75n3uWJ20AVz6V14%3D
VL  - 43
ID  - 49
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - A major challenge facing sustainable aquaculture governance are disputes raised by social conflicts, highlighting the need to better understand and incorporate social dimensions into more holistic planning and policy. This study applied an in-depth qualitative approach to investigate key drivers that influence social acceptance of salmon aquaculture, drawing from interviews in coastal communities in Nova Scotia, Canada. From interviews, four main perspectives towards the planning, management, and development of salmon farming emerged, revealing a complex discourse of conflicts and controversy. This study argues that social responses to aquaculture are driven by perceived legitimacy and trust of the sector. Conflicts over the perceived legitimacy of policies and processes emerged, including arguments around what motivates and informs decision-making and how participants are involved in decision-making processes. In addition, conflicting paradigms of knowledge and perceived fairness in engagement processes highlighted the need for transparency, communication, and relationship-building. Controversy over a diversity of perceived environmental and social impacts reflected nuanced perceptions of how aquaculture contributes to individual and community well-being. This study also found perceptions of legitimacy to be deeply intertwined with evaluations of trust in government, industry, and science, which is a key predictor of social responses. Understanding these perceptual factors, separately and with their interdependencies, can provide decision-makers with insights to guide their regulatory, operational, and engagement processes. Ultimately, this work can serve to facilitate a better understanding of the motivators behind public responses to salmon aquaculture which can help bring social considerations into more holistic aquaculture governance.
AN  - rayyan-343236663
AU  - Weitzman, Jenny
AU  - Filgueira, Ramón
AU  - Grant, Jon
DA  - 2023
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2023.02.019
PY  - 2023
SP  - 1-13
ST  - Dimensions of legitimacy and trust in shaping social acceptance of marine aquaculture: an in-depth case study in Nova Scotia, Canada
TI  - Dimensions of legitimacy and trust in shaping social acceptance of marine aquaculture: an in-depth case study in Nova Scotia, Canada
VL  - 143
ID  - 245
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - We report the occurrence, distribution, and biological characteristics of escaped farmed salmon in the River Teno in northernmost Europe, which supports one of the largest and most versatile wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in the world. Farmed salmon were caught during the fishing season (May–August) when their proportion in the catch varied between 0.0% and 0.7%. Occasional sampling after the fishing season revealed much higher proportions of escapees, up to 47%, indicating a potential for a more severe impact of farmed fish than the in-season monitoring is able to uncover. Peak migration of the wild salmon was in June or July, but that of escaped farmed fish was in August. Up to 88% of the escaped salmon caught in August showed gonad development, and scale analysis indicated that 4.5% of them were repeat spawners. Genetic analyses using microsatellite markers revealed highly significant genetic differentiation between wild salmon and escaped farmed fish (FST = 0.05) caught in the River Te...
AN  - rayyan-279910182
AU  - Erkinaro, Jaakko
AU  - Niemelä, Eero
AU  - Vähä, Juha-Pekka
AU  - Primmer, Craig R.
AU  - Brørs, Sturla
AU  - Hassinen, Esa
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:10.1139/f09-173
PY  - 2010
SP  - 130-142
ST  - Distribution and biological characteristics of escaped farmed salmon in a major subarctic wild salmon river: implications for monitoring
TI  - Distribution and biological characteristics of escaped farmed salmon in a major subarctic wild salmon river: implications for monitoring
UR  - https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/F09-173
VL  - 67
ID  - 68
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Open net-pen aquaculture allows for free exchange of materials between farm and wild environments. Increased habitat complexity in the form of farm infrastructure produces effects similar to fish aggregating devices and artificial reefs, altering the distribution and abundance of fish species within the greater area. The continuous input of nutrients via fish waste and uneaten food pellets can amplify such effects, leading to large and persistent aggregations of wild fish near aquaculture sites. These aggregations have been quantified in numerous geographical locations but data are lacking for salmon farms in coastal British Columbia. The footprint of the attractive effects is also poorly understood in all cases as research has focused on fish populations directly associated with the infrastructure. In this study wild fish populations were quantified at shallow rocky ecosystems adjacent to salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago and compared to paired reference sites with similar habitat characteristics to test for aggregating effects. Two SCUBA divers performed visual surveys along six 25x4x4m transects at each site, three at each of two depth ranges: deep (12-16m) and shallow (6-10m). Species, abundance, and estimated total length, as well as temperature, salinity, rugosity, and visibility were examined. A combination of multivariate and univariate statistical analysis were performed to compare the physical characteristics, community composition, number of individuals, and biomass between farms and reference sites. The overall community composition was significantly different at farm sites despite no difference found in the physical habitat characteristics between treatments. This difference was predominantly driven by five fish species, yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus), copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) quillback rockfish ( Sebastes maliger), shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata) and striped perch (Embiotoca lateralis). Presence/absence data showed no significant difference in species identity between farms and references, implying that the difference in community composition was primarily driven by changes in abundance rather than species identity. The total number of fish and biomass of all fish species was also significantly higher at farms. These results suggest that salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago alter the community structure and increase the abundance of near-field wild fish populations. The aggregating effects are asymmetric within the community, with higher trophic level species showing the greatest increases in abundance. The potential implications of these results include a greater risk of disease and parasite transfer between farm and wild fish, as well as within each population. The ecological relationships among species may also be compromised with predator amplified communities potentially exhibiting top-down effects on the rest of the food web. Changes to wild fish communities seen up to 170m away from farm infrastructure suggest that the mechanism of the attractive effects may be driven more by nutrient subsidies than the presence of infrastructure. This work underscores the need to determine the full spatial extent and mechanisms of attractive effects as well as the ecological implications of persistent aggregations of wild fish near salmon farms.
AN  - rayyan-321502264
AU  - Stabel, Dane
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2011
SP  - 56-56
ST  - Do salmon aquaculture sites alter wild fish communities in the Broughton Archipelago?
TI  - Do salmon aquaculture sites alter wild fish communities in the Broughton Archipelago?
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1758243105?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=CYMQeUKFCBCwfL0Pt9c0kB%2FHhMA%3D
VL  - 51
ID  - 150
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - We test if the establishment of salmon farms in remote coastal areas had a significant impact on poverty reduction in the period 1992-2002 in Los Lagos Region, Chile. We employ impact assessment techniques using as control group people residing in geographic areas where no salmon farms were established during the period studied. Poverty incidence is estimated using small-area models at the household level that combines socioeconomic surveys with census data. Our results show that poverty decreased considerably more in localities where salmon farms were installed than in localities without salmon farms. We identify the distances between localities and salmon farms where this impact was significant. Our findings contribute to the debate on the socioeconomic effects of aquaculture for capital-intensive, international market-oriented industries.
AN  - rayyan-321501959
AU  - Ceballos, A.
AU  - Dresdner-Cid, J. D.
AU  - Quiroga-Suazo, M. Á
DA  - 2018
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.01.009
PY  - 2018
SP  - 68-79
ST  - Does the location of salmon farms contribute to the reduction of poverty in remote coastal areas? An impact assessment using a Chilean case study
TI  - Does the location of salmon farms contribute to the reduction of poverty in remote coastal areas? An impact assessment using a Chilean case study
VL  - 75
ID  - 136
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Extractive fisheries and marine aquaculture share space and target species. Several regional-scale examples exist of escapees entering wild fisheries landings, yet no study has assessed the influence of aquaculture on landings at an ecosystem scale. We examined the effects of farmed fish escapes on fisheries using FAO data and published escape rates for Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Seabream landings were significantly correlated with the estimated biomass of escaped seabream entering the wild. There was a similar pattern for seabass until 2005, but the overall relationship between landings and escapes was not significant due to the dramatic drop in catches in recent years. We argue that seabass escapees' relatively high mortality, lower capturability, and minor 'leaking' from farms may obscure their influence on landings. Significant positive fisheries regime shifts were detected for both species, matching the onset of aquaculture in the Mediterranean and the period when escapees from aquaculture surpassed landings. Our results suggest that fish escapes of these two iconic species may mask wild stock overexploitation, confound stock assessments, alter genetic diversity, increase the risk of spreading pathogens and parasites, and compete with wild conspecifics while boosting fisheries landings.
AN  - rayyan-321502588
AU  - Toledo-Guedes, Kilian
AU  - Atalah, Javier
AU  - Izquierdo-Gomez, David
AU  - Fernandez-Jover, Damián
AU  - Uglem, In
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74172-3
PY  - 2024
SP  - 23772
ST  - Domesticating the wild through escapees of two iconic mediterranean farmed fish species
TI  - Domesticating the wild through escapees of two iconic mediterranean farmed fish species
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74172-3
VL  - 14
ID  - 164
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The increasing demand for products for human consumption is leading to the fast-growing expansion of numerous food sectors such as marine aquaculture (mariculture). However, excessive input of nutrients and pollutants modifies marine ecosystems. Here, we applied a metagenomic approach to investigate these perturbations in samples from marine farms of gilthead seabream cultures. Results revealed dysbiosis and functional imbalance within the net cage with a unique structure, with little interference with samples from the fish microbiota or those collected far away from the coast. Remarkably, below the cage the prokaryotic community was highly similar to the marine microbiome of photic offshore samples. We recovered 48 novel metagenome-assembled genomes. Metagenomic recruitment revealed a significant change in the microbial community which was dominated by several Proteobacteria orders (Sphingomonadales, Pseudomonadales, Caudobacterales and Rhizobiales). Genomic potential for bioremediation processes, including nitrate removal through aerobic denitrification, and degradation of aromatic compounds and other toxic products were enriched in these microbes. The detrimental side effects were the increased number of antimicrobial resistance genes and the presence of potentially emergent pathogens. Knowledge of this metabolic diversity and the microbes involved in ecological balance recovery can be used to reduce the environmental impact of these practices. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS. All rights reserved.
AN  - rayyan-279910503
AU  - Haro-Moreno, J. M.
AU  - Coutinho, F. H.
AU  - Zaragoza-Solas, A.
AU  - Picazo, A.
AU  - Almagro-Moreno, S.
AU  - López, Pé
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1093/femsec/fiaa218
PY  - 2020
ST  - Dysbiosis in marine aquaculture revealed through microbiome analysis: reverse ecology for environmental sustainability
TI  - Dysbiosis in marine aquaculture revealed through microbiome analysis: reverse ecology for environmental sustainability
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097968147&doi=10.1093%2ffemsec%2ffiaa218&partnerID=40&md5=f76e7f97172b63cb4a2fbde8bfdc478f
VL  - 96
ID  - 78
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-321503455
AU  - Ribeiro, Sandra
DA  - 2003
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2003
ST  - Ecologia comportamental do Golfinho-Chileno, Cephalorhynchus eutropia (Gray 1846): seleção de hábitat e interações com atividades antrópicas no sul do Chile
TI  - Ecologia comportamental do Golfinho-Chileno, Cephalorhynchus eutropia (Gray 1846): seleção de hábitat e interações com atividades antrópicas no sul do Chile
UR  - https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/4354
ID  - 200
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Specific wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs) are a technology increasingly used in finfish farms to delay grilsing and increase production of finfish, although their potential ecological impacts to adjacent habitats are not well understood. We investigated the ecological effects of blue (450 nm) LED lights in an experimental setting away from a finfish operation bi-weekly for eight months in 2011-2012. Our findings show that, similar to reports examining the effects of white metal halide lights, blue LEDs attract fishes, zoo- and phytoplankton, compared to ambient (no artificial light) conditions. No effect of blue lights, however, was found for the rate of settlement or species composition of sessile organisms adjacent to the lights. Preliminary data collected at a fish farm site suggested that blue LEDs did not delay grilsing as expected, and may have resulted in higher sea lice loads on salmon, although due to small sample size these results were not statistically significant.Original Abstract: Des diodes electroluminescentes (DEL) a longueur d'onde specifique sont de plus en plus utilisees dans les centres de pisciculture marine pour retarder la maturation precoce et augmenter le production, bien que les repercussions possibles sur l'ecologie des habitats adjacents ne soient pas bien comprises. Nous avons etudie les effets ecologiques de DEL bleues (450 nm) dans un milieu experimental a distance d'une pisciculture marine deux fois par semaine pendant huit mois en 2011-2012. Selon nos conclusions, qui ressemblent a celles des rapports concernant les luminaires a halogenures metalliques blancs, les DEL bleues attirent les poissons, le zooplancton et le phytoplancton, compare aux conditions ambiantes (pas d'eclairage artificiel). Toutefois, aucun effet de l'eclairage bleu n'a ete constate pour l'accumulation de compositions d'especes d'organismes sessiles pres des luminaires. Les donnees preliminaires recueillies au centre de pisciculture marine suggerent que les DEL bleues n'ont pas retarde la maturation precoce comme on le pensait, et ont pu donner lieu a des charges plus elevees de pou du poisson sur les saumons, bien que, en raison de l'echantillon peu nombreux, ces resultats n'etaient pas statistiquement significatifs.
AN  - rayyan-343237605
AU  - Stewart, H. L.
AU  - Nomura, M.
AU  - Piercy, G. E.
AU  - Dunham, A.
AU  - Lelliott, T. L.
DA  - 2013
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2013
SP  - 32-32
ST  - Ecological effects of blue LED lights used in aquaculture
TI  - Ecological effects of blue LED lights used in aquaculture
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1668267388?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=5yl333pW2cv%2FZPWOshPEI5l7lgs%3D
ID  - 271
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - <jats:p>The present study aimed at studying ecological interaction between a fish farm cages located in M’diq bay, in western Moroccan Mediterranean coast, and its local environment. It was carried out in 2013 and 2016 through seabed analysis in terms of organic matter and some nutrients parameters such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus, as well as through monitoring macro-fauna assemblages. The results showed recorded values relatively stable in three years’ interval and have a well-integrated fish farming activity within its ecosystem. Sediment was sandy to sandy shelly types and macro-benthic fauna were composed of six groups, Gastropods, Bivalves, Scaphopoda, Amphipods, Nematoda and Polychaeta. Organic matter and Total Organic Carbon were respectively less than 3.2% and 1.87% and very low comparing with others Mediterranean fish farms sites. Estimation of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Carbon potential releases of M’diq fish farm gave low data related to its production capacity not exceeding 200 tons by year. Influenced with open sea location and high current state, dispersion pattern of these fish farm discharges seemed to play a key role in keeping lower values. ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference between studied parameters in the five sampling stations comparing with the reference station both on geographical and temporal levels (seasons and years).</jats:p>
AN  - rayyan-321503533
AU  - Nhhala, Hassan
AU  - Bahida, Abdeljallil
AU  - Nhhala, Imane
AU  - Chadli, Housni
AU  - Abrehouch, Azeddine
AU  - Abdellao
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202233703003
PY  - 2022
SP  - 3003-03003
ST  - Ecological risk analysis in marine fish farming: a case study of a seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) farm located in Moroccan Mediterranean coast
TI  - Ecological risk analysis in marine fish farming: a case study of a seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) farm located in Moroccan Mediterranean coast
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233703003
VL  - 337
ID  - 206
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Information on the ecology of sympatric species provides important insights into how different animals interact with their environment, with each other, and how they differ in their susceptibility to threats to their survival. In this study habitat use and population ecology of Chilean dolphins (Cephalorhynchus eutropia) and sympatric Peale's dolphins (Lagenorhynchus australis) were investigated in the Chiloe Archipelago in southern Chile from 2001 to 2004. Distribution data collected during systematic boat-based sighting surveys revealed a distinct pattern of small-scale habitat partitioning, probably reflecting differences in foraging strategies and habitat preference. Chilean dolphins were sighted consistently in the same selected bays and channels in southern Chiloe. Peale's dolphins were distributed over wider areas, and were more frequently encountered in central Chiloe. Spatial overlap between both dolphin species and mariculture farms (for mussels and salmon) was extensive. Predictive habitat modelling using logistic regression in a model selection framework proved a useful tool to determine critical habitat from absence-presence data and enviromental parameters. Chilean dolphins preferred shallow waters (less than 20 m) close to shore (less than 500 m) with estuarine influence. Peale's dolphins also occurred predominantly in shallow nearshore waters, but preferred more exposed shores with sandy shoals and were found further from rivers and mussel farms than Chilean dolphins. Analysis of ranging and movement patterns revealed small-scale site fidelity and small ranging patterns of individually identifiable Chilean dolphins. Individuals differed in their site preference and range overlap suggesting spatial partitioning along environmental and social parameters within the population. Individual Peale's dolphins were resighted less regularly, showed only limited or low site fidelity and seemed to range beyond the boundaries of the chosen study areas. Mark-recapture methods applied to photo-identification data produced estimates of local population sizes of 59 Chilean dolphins and 78 Peale's dolphins in southern Chiloe, and 123 Peale's dolphins in central Chiloe. An integrated precautionary approach to management is proposed based on scientific monitoring, environmental education in local schools, and public outreach to promote appropriate conservation strategies and ensure the dolphins' continued occupancy of important coastal habitat.
AN  - rayyan-279909869
AU  - Heinrich, S.
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2006
ST  - Ecology of Chilean dolphins and Peale's dolphins at Isla Chiloe, southern Chile
TI  - Ecology of Chilean dolphins and Peale's dolphins at Isla Chiloe, southern Chile
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2154001012?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=bamP5XQtvnKNoTGYafdlBEK8%2FFc%3D
ID  - 55
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This study examines the socio-economic and ecological implications of aquaculture in the Karaburun-Ildir Bay Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) in Izmir Province, Türkiye. The SEPA, encompassing diverse marine and terrestrial ecosystems, is crucial for biodiversity conservation and economic activities, particularly aquaculture. The study utilizes purposive sampling to focus on key stakeholders, including fish farms, processing facilities, and feed producers, all integral to the region's aquaculture industry. Survey data were collected through structured interviews, assessing employment generation, community development, and economic impacts. The region's aquaculture operations, primarily involving European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), meagre (Argyrosomus regius), and Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), contribute significantly to Türkiye's total marine fish production, with the Karaburun-SEPA accounting for 14.44% of the national total and 33.23% of Izmir's marine fish output in 2021. The economic value generated by these operations was estimated at 174.17 million USD in 2021, constituting 37% of Izmir's and 10% of Türkiye's marine aquaculture economy. Employment data reveal that 486 individuals work in the region's fish farms, with an estimated 1,864 people benefiting from these operations when including family members. Additionally, significant infrastructure investments, such as floating cages and feed production facilities, underscore the capital intensity of the sector. The findings highlight the region's pivotal role in Türkiye's aquaculture industry, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices that balance economic growth with environmental preservation. The study provides valuable insights into the socio-economic benefits of aquaculture in a protected area and underscores the importance of integrating sustainability into aquaculture development to ensure long-term ecological and economic stability.
AN  - rayyan-271833970
AU  - Tosun, Deniz D.
AU  - Yıldız, Mustafa
AU  - Doğan, Kadir
AU  - Demircan, Didem
DA  - 2025
DO  - doi:doi:10.4194/TRJFAS27920
PY  - 2025
ST  - Economic and employment implications of fish farming in the Karaburun-Ildır Special Protection Area, Turkish Aegean Sea
TI  - Economic and employment implications of fish farming in the Karaburun-Ildır Special Protection Area, Turkish Aegean Sea
VL  - 25
ID  - 3
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Dark Harbour (Grand Manan Island, N.B., Canada) is an enclosed small bay with a narrow tidal connection to the sea. The study included bottom surveys to determine the extent of dispersal and accumulation of suspended solids, the tidal current regime, the influence of the cage system on water flow patterns, and a comparison among cage sites on the severity of benthic habitat destruction are presented. The results indicated a substantial accumulation of bottom sludge, irregular patterns of settling of suspended particles, impaired water movements due to the cage structures, and significant changes of the bottom fauna. Possible improvement, by changing cage arrangements, reducing total biomass and adapting operational conditions (changing over from wet to dry feed) are discussed.
AN  - rayyan-279910813
AU  - Rosenthal, H.
AU  - Rangeley, R. W.
DA  - 1989
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 1989
ST  - The effect of a salmon cage culture on the benthic community in a largely enclosed bay (Dark Harbour, Grand Manan Island, N.B., Canada)
TI  - The effect of a salmon cage culture on the benthic community in a largely enclosed bay (Dark Harbour, Grand Manan Island, N.B., Canada)
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/15810085?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=ngjI5q5HBX5YDFW6%2BtKa55HtP1M%3D
ID  - 90
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Artificial light can change the behaviour of aquatic organisms, although the direction of response can be species and life-stage specific. Open net-pen salmon farms in British Columbia, Canada, routinely illuminate their net-pens during the winter and spring, with unknown consequences on the abundance and distribution of marine fish and invertebrates. Paired lit and control samples consisting of plankton hauls and purse seines were made around a 400 W underwater light such as those used on salmon farms. On lit nights, invertebrates were marginally more abundant, while fish larvae and juvenile and adult fish were significantly more abundant. In particular, the invertebrate taxa Gastropoda and Bivalvia were significantly more abundant on lit nights, as were the fish species Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, soft sculpin Psychrolutes sigalutes, and great sculpin larvae Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus. These results suggest that lights commonly used in open net-pen aquaculture may increase the abundance of some fish species around pens, thereby increasing the probability that farmed fish and wild species directly and indirectly interact in coastal marine environments.
AN  - rayyan-321501699
AU  - McConnell, A.
AU  - Routledge, R.
AU  - Connors, B. M.
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08822
PY  - 2010
SP  - 147-156
ST  - Effect of artificial light on marine invertebrate and fish abundance in an area of salmon farming
TI  - Effect of artificial light on marine invertebrate and fish abundance in an area of salmon farming
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/858419960?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=Gvn%2BbqIGffZL7FACmgIS658YcEA%3D
VL  - 419
ID  - 123
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Salmon production in Chile has increased significantly since the 1990s. However, there have been significant economic losses owing to outbreaks of Caligus rogercresseyi. Pesticides, among them Azamethiphos, are used to mitigate the impact of this sea louse. Azamethiphos can affect non-target species living near salmon farms such as microbial plankton, although there is little information about this. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of the pesticide Azamethiphos on the metabolism of microbial plankton communities (<100 μm) in two contrasting zones, one without salmon farming and the other with a high level of aquaculture activity. Several methodological approaches were used, including the enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), fingerprinting techniques (EcoPlates for bacteria and FF microplate for marine fungi) and the estimation of microbial aerobic respiration. We found greater degradation of the pesticide Azamethiphos in the salmon culture zone (~72.4%) than in an area not previously used in salmon production (~26.1%). The response of microbial β-glucosidase activity to Azamethiphos is highly variable, but there is a tendency toward more activity in the smaller size fractions (5-25 μm and 0.22-3 μm) when exposed to high Azamethiphos concentrations. We also detected a highly variable response in microbial MDH activity. The most widely used carbon substrates by bacterioplankton and marine fungi are those related to carbohydrate metabolism. We also found increased use of carboxylic acids and amino acids in the treatments with higher concentrations of Azamethiphos. Enzyme activity, together with metabolic fingerprints, could be used as an indicator of perturbations in marine microbial communities.
AN  - rayyan-321504024
AU  - Garcés, Diana V.
AU  - Fuentes, Marcelo E.
AU  - Quiñones, Renato A.
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735650
PY  - 2020
ST  - Effect of Azamethiphos on enzymatic activity and metabolic fingerprints of marine microbial communities from the water column
TI  - Effect of Azamethiphos on enzymatic activity and metabolic fingerprints of marine microbial communities from the water column
VL  - 529
ID  - 226
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In this study, we evaluate the use of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) for monitoring the effect of different aquaculture practices on sediment prokaryote (Archaea and Bacteria) communities. The effect of initial fish (gilthead seabream Sparus aurata) stocking density on the structural diversity of prokaryote communities of earth ponds bottom sediments was evaluated using PCR-DGGE after a 5 month grow-out period. An identical approach was used to monitor the effect of supplying different fish feeds [commercial feed (CD) versus an ecofeed (ECO)]. One additional variable was the use of copper sulphate (CuSO4) as an algicide in some of the experimental rearing tanks. The statistical analyses of prokaryote community profiles showed that the presence of fish in earth ponds significantly influenced the structure of sediment prokaryote communities, when compared with earth ponds without fish, independently of the stocking density. Our results also indicated that the structure of the prokaryote communities of earth ponds supplied with the ECO feed shared a strong similarity with that fed CD. Curiously, the use of CuSO4 in ponds receiving the ECO feed promoted significant differences on the structural composition of the bacterial community, but not on the archaeal community. DGGE molecular fingerprints are suitable for fast evaluation of new management practices in food-fish production on earth ponds by monitoring shifts on microbial communities in bottom sediments.
AN  - rayyan-321503357
AU  - Silva, Yolanda J.
AU  - Manco, Sónia
AU  - Costa, Rodrigo
AU  - Rodrigues, Vera
AU  - Dias, Jorge
AU  - Ferreira, Hugo
AU  - Po
DA  - 2015
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12336
PY  - 2015
SP  - 1760
ST  - Effect of different culture conditions on the structural diversity of prokaryote communities in the sediment of earth ponds stocked with gilthead seabream Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758)
TI  - Effect of different culture conditions on the structural diversity of prokaryote communities in the sediment of earth ponds stocked with gilthead seabream Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758)
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1686959697?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=ixYMHCjUhS2cfEwQnFGqxE%2F%2BQNM%3D
VL  - 46
ID  - 192
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The disease Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) is causing substantial economic losses to the Norwegian salmon farming industry where the causative agent, piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), is reportedly spreading from farmed to wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with as yet undetermined impacts. To assess if PRV infection is epidemiologically linked between wild and farmed salmon in the eastern Pacific, wild Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) from regions designated as high or low exposure to salmon farms and farmed Atlantic salmon reared in British Columbia (BC) were tested for PRV. The proportion of PRV infection in wild fish was related to exposure to salmon farms (p=0.0097). PRV was detected in: 95% of farmed Atlantic salmon, 37-45% of wild salmon from regions highly exposed to salmon farms and 5% of wild salmon from the regions furthest from salmon farms. The proportion of PRV infection was also significantly lower (p=0.0008) where wild salmon had been challenged by an arduous return migration into high-elevation spawning habitat. Inter-annual PRV infection declined in both wild and farmed salmon from 2012-2013 (p≤0.002). These results suggest that PRV transfer is occurring from farmed Atlantic salmon to wild Pacific salmon, that infection in farmed salmon may be influencing infection rates in wild salmon, and that this may pose a risk of reduced fitness in wild salmon impacting their survival and reproduction.
AN  - rayyan-279910491
AU  - Morton, A.
AU  - Routledge, R.
AU  - Hrushowy, S.
AU  - Kibenge, M.
AU  - Kibenge, F.
DA  - 2017
DO  - doi:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188793
PY  - 2017
SP  - e0188793
ST  - The effect of exposure to farmed salmon on piscine orthoreovirus infection and fitness in wild Pacific salmon in British Columbia, Canada
TI  - The effect of exposure to farmed salmon on piscine orthoreovirus infection and fitness in wild Pacific salmon in British Columbia, Canada
VL  - 12
ID  - 76
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Animal excreta tested were derived from farmed salmon (Salmo salar) and wild mussels (Mytilus chilensis) in experiments carried out in Chile and farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and cultured oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in experiments in France. The effect of excretion-enriched seawater on phytoplankton growth was tested in bioassays using species that were selected because of their potential to form red tides in the coastal regions of the study. The opposite effects of dissolved organic substances excreted by shellfish and finfish suggest differences in the chemical composition of their excreta. Mucus is generally composed of glycoprotein and mucopolysaccharides, with additional substances such as enzymes. The mixotrophic metabolism of certain algae, coupled with differences in the chemical composition of animal excreta, might explain the different responses of the algae.
AN  - rayyan-343237159
AU  - Arzul, G.
AU  - Seguel, M.
AU  - Clément, A.
AU  - Wildish, D. J.
AU  - Héral, M.
DA  - 2001
DO  - doi:doi:10.1006/jmsc.2000.1038
PY  - 2001
SP  - 386-390
ST  - Effect of marine animal excretions on differential growth of phytoplankton species
TI  - Effect of marine animal excretions on differential growth of phytoplankton species
VL  - 58
ID  - 259
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The effects of salmon farm inputs on pelagic nutrient concentrations and planktonic microbial abundance and biomass were investigated in Loch Fyne, a temperate fjordic environment off the west coast of Scotland. The concentration of photosynthetic pigments and inorganic and organic nutrients, and the abundance and biomass of the autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms, were determined over a complete annual cycle from 3 depths (5, 15 and 25-30 m) at 4 stations located at differing proximities to the fish farm. Ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations and heterotrophic microbial abundance and biomass were significantly higher at the stations nearest to the fish farm, suggesting that these and other nutrients derived from the fish farm may be directly or indirectly enhancing heterotrophic microbial activity. This in turn suggests that the heterotrophic microbial food web was responsible, at least in part, for processing matter and energy released into the pelagic environment from the salmon farm. By contrast, pigment concentrations, including chlorophyll a, tended to be similar at all stations, supporting the conclusions of previous studies that failed to establish a clear relationship between fish farm inputs and phytoplankton biomass. As such, the response of the heterotrophic microbial community is probably a more appro-priate indicator than chlorophyll concentration of local ecological effects of fish farms in temperate coastal waters.
AN  - rayyan-321501555
AU  - Navarro, Nuria
AU  - Leakey, Raymond J. G.
AU  - Black, Kenneth D.
DA  - 2008
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2008
SP  - 47-58
ST  - Effect of salmon cage aquaculture on the pelagic environment of temperate coastal waters: seasonal changes in nutrients and microbial community
TI  - Effect of salmon cage aquaculture on the pelagic environment of temperate coastal waters: seasonal changes in nutrients and microbial community
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20946573?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=8ivtziQmPc67xw1FJCoZq2ngtDw%3D
VL  - 361
ID  - 116
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Fjord ecosystems cycle and export significant amounts of carbon and appear to be extremely sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic perturbations. To identify patterns of microbial responses to ongoing natural and human-derived changes in the fjords of Chilean Patagonia, we examined the effect of organic enrichment associated with salmon aquaculture and freshening produced by glacial melting on bacterial production (BP), extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA), and community diversity of free-living bacterioplankton. We assayed the effects of salmon food-derived dissolved organic matter (SF-DOM) and meltwaters through microcosm experiments containing waters from Puyuhuapi Fjord and the proglacial fjords of the Southern Patagonia Icefield, respectively. Rates of BP and EEA were 2 times higher in the presence of SF-DOM than in controls, whereas the addition of autochthonous organic matter derived from diatoms (D-DOM) resulted in rates of BP and EEA similar to those measured in the controls. The addition of SF-DOM also reduced species richness and abundance of a significant fraction of the representative taxa of bacterioplankton of Puyuhuapi Fjord. In the proglacial fjords, bacterioplankton diversity was reduced in areas more heavily influenced by meltwaters and was accompanied by moderate positive changes in BP and EEA. Our findings strongly suggest that SF-DOM is highly reactive, promoting enhanced rates of microbial activity while could be influencing the diversity of bacterioplankton communities in Patagonian fjords with a strong salmon farming activity. These findings challenge the traditional view of phytoplankton production as the primary source of labile DOM that fuels heterotrophic activity in coastal ecosystems impacted by anthropogenic organic enrichment. Given the intensive local production of salmon, we analyze the significance of this emerging source of rich "allochthonous" organic substrates for autotrophic/heterotrophic balance, carbon exportation, and hypoxia in Patagonian fjords. The effect of human DOM enrichment can be enhanced in proglacial fjords, where progressive glacial melting exerts additional selective pressure on bacterioplankton diversity.
AN  - rayyan-321501470
AU  - Montero, Paulina
AU  - Gutiérrez, Marcelo H.
AU  - Daneri, Giovanni
AU  - Jacob, Bárbara
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.772900
PY  - 2022
ST  - The effect of salmon food-derived DOM and glacial melting on activity and diversity of free-living bacterioplankton in Chilean Patagonian fjords
TI  - The effect of salmon food-derived DOM and glacial melting on activity and diversity of free-living bacterioplankton in Chilean Patagonian fjords
VL  - 13
ID  - 113
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The Rade de Cherbourg (RdC), in the North Cotentin (Normandy, English Channel) is the only French coastal zone where an offshore salmon farm has been in operation over the past three decades. Our study leads to the identification of the Ecological Quality status of benthic habitats based on a one-year survey (2013–2014) underneath and near the cages as well as in non-impacted areas lying outside the influence of salmon farming. The semi-diurnal high tide regime of the Rade de Cherbourg (5 to 8 m tidal range from neap to spring tide) should prevent any significant accumulation of Organic Matter (OM) under the cages. Nevertheless, higher Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and the presence of opportunistic species at sampling stations under and near the cages indicate an impact of salmon farming on the benthic habitats. Three benthic assemblages are identified, corresponding to three sediment types with different levels of OM enrichment. The presence of several indicator species, such as the polychaete worm Capitella minima belonging to the Capitellidae, reflects the local impact of fish farming without long-term accumulation of OM in the shallow waters of the RdC. Moreover, one of the main characteristics of the macrofauna of the RdC and neighbouring zones is the current very high abundance and dominance of the tanaid Apseudopsis latreillii in diverse sediment types. Benthic indices (AMBI, M-AMBI, and BO2A) were also able to distinguish three main zones in relation to the distance to salmon cages.
AN  - rayyan-343236951
AU  - Dauvin, Jean-Claude
AU  - Pezy, Jean-Philippe
AU  - Baffreau, Alexandrine
AU  - Bachelet, Quentin
AU  - Baux, Noémie
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734832
PY  - 2020
ST  - Effects of a Salmon fish farm on benthic habitats in a high-energy hydrodynamic system: the case of the Rade de Cherbourg (English Channel)
TI  - Effects of a Salmon fish farm on benthic habitats in a high-energy hydrodynamic system: the case of the Rade de Cherbourg (English Channel)
VL  - 518
ID  - 252
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Understanding the cultural contributions of ecosystems is essential for recognising how environmental policy impacts on human well-being. We developed an integrated cultural ecosystem services (CES) valuation approach involving non-monetary valuation through a eudaemonic well-being questionnaire and monetary valuation through hedonic pricing. This approach was applied to assess CES values on the west coast of Scotland. The impact of scenic area and marine protected area (MPA) designations on CES values and potential trade-offs with aquaculture, an increasingly important provisioning ecosystem service in the region, were investigated. Results confirmed a eudaemonic well-being value structure of seven factors: engagement and interaction with nature, place identity, therapeutic value, spiritual value, social bonds, memory/transformative value, and challenge and skill. Visibility of, but not proximity to aquaculture negatively influenced housing prices. In contrast, proximity to MPAs and visibility of scenic areas increased property values. All eudaemonic well-being value factors were positively and significantly associated with scenic areas and a subset of these with MPAs. The integration of the two methods can provide decision-makers with a more comprehensive picture of CES values, their relation to conservation policies and interactions and trade-offs with other activities and services.
AN  - rayyan-321501887
AU  - Spanou, Elisavet
AU  - Kenter, Jasper O.
AU  - Graziano, Marcello
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106757
PY  - 2020
SP  - 106757
ST  - The Effects of Aquaculture and Marine Conservation on Cultural Ecosystem Services: An Integrated Hedonic – Eudaemonic Approach
TI  - The Effects of Aquaculture and Marine Conservation on Cultural Ecosystem Services: An Integrated Hedonic – Eudaemonic Approach
UR  - https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecolec/v176y2020ics0921800918315829.html
VL  - 176
ID  - 132
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The fallowing period is a management measure in aquaculture where the production is paused for a few months to reduce the impact on the benthic environment. We studied the effects of different fallowing periods on the recovery of macrofauna at two salmon farms in Norway. The macrofauna at the farm stations were characterised by high abundances of opportunistic taxa (e.g. Capitella spp.), low diversity and significantly different community structure compared to reference sites. The fallowing initiated macrofauna recovery at both farm stations, indicated by a decline of dominant opportunistic taxa after 2months. Significant changes in taxa composition occurred only after 6months, although indications of disturbance were still evident. Surprisingly, no corresponding spatial or temporal differences were found in the sediment parameters such as redox, TOC and pH. The results suggest that macrofauna is a more sensitive indicator and that the seasonal timing of fallowing may affect recovery dynamics.
AN  - rayyan-321503294
AU  - Zhulay, Irina
AU  - Reiss, Katrin
AU  - Reiss, Henning
DA  - 2015
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.064
PY  - 2015
SP  - 381-390
ST  - Effects of aquaculture fallowing on the recovery of macrofauna communities
TI  - Effects of aquaculture fallowing on the recovery of macrofauna communities
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1709165201?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=rJ8aJS6LOQ89tx7kH2uD36kdz18%3D
VL  - 97
ID  - 189
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In earlier single-species toxicity tests we showed the negative effects on the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa upon exposure to cypermethrin, a pesticide used in treatment for sea lice in salmon farming. In the present study we assessed effects at a higher level of biological organization and under a more realistic exposure scenario using mesocosms. The results showed that simulated field studies (SFSs) could be conducted with the mesocosms designed here. When cypermethrin was applied inside these mesocosms, its concentration decreased exponentially following a first-order kinetics model. The pesticide immediately reduced zooplankton density and biodiversity not only directly, by killing copepods, but also indirectly, by increasing the numbers of rotifers. Zooplankton density recovered after treatment, but zooplankton biodiversity remained altered. In an open environment, however, the rapid dissipation of the pesticide, coupled with population processes of compensation, migration, and immigration, may lead to recovery of the affected zooplankton communities.
AN  - rayyan-321502794
AU  - Medina, M.
AU  - Barata, C.
AU  - Telfer, T.
AU  - Baird, D. J.
DA  - 2004
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.07.001
PY  - 2004
SP  - 236-245
ST  - Effects of cypermethrin on marine plankton communities: a simulated field study using mesocosms
TI  - Effects of cypermethrin on marine plankton communities: a simulated field study using mesocosms
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/21039630?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=%2F%2FxeVb0bYGMjdwLFn%2FnqN6S4aL4%3D
VL  - 58
ID  - 169
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Salmon culture has the potential to generate environmental impacts due to the release of organic matter and chemical products into the water column. Ethoxyquin (EQ) is a food additive widely used as an antioxidant in fish feed, but due to the scarce evidence on its safety for the environment it has been banned by the European Food Safety Authority. To evaluate and compare responses of marine microbial communities to EQ additions (10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1), we carried out 20 L seawater microcosm experiments in two distinct areas, Achao and Coliumo Bay, where the first is influenced by salmon farming. We estimated metabolic response (respiration, extracellular enzymatic activity and ECOplates) for two size fractions (< 1 μm and < 63 μm) and changes in the active microbial community diversity. The results revealed different responses associated with study sites and size fractions. For the < 1 μm fraction (bacterioplankton), the addition of EQ increased both oxygen consumption and the degradation of proteinaceus compounds, while for the entire community (< 63 μm), the addition of EQ decrease respiration and the capacity to degrade carbohydrates and lipids. The carbon substrates utilization was variable, decreasing in the 100 and 1000 μg EQ. L-1 treatments, suggesting that high EQ concentrations may limit the capacity to process different carbon sources, producing a preference for amino acids and carboxylic acids in the first hours of exposition in Achao. In the area without salmon farming (Coliumo Bay) substrates utilization, mainly carbohydrates and carboxylic acids, was stimulated by the addition of EQ. A shift was observed in the active microbial community between treatments at different taxonomic levels, especially associated with Alphaproteobacteria, which presented lower activity when exposed to EQ. Gammaproteobacteria (KI89A), Bacteroidea (NS10, NS3b clade) and MGII showed higher activity associated with EQ additions. Overall, our study indicates that EQ may generate both changes in the metabolism (respiration, enzymatic extracellular activity, carbon sources preferences) and composition of the active microbial community in the water column altering the degradation of organic matter.
AN  - rayyan-279909899
AU  - González, María-Lorena
AU  - Fuentes, Marcelo E.
AU  - Molina, Verónica
AU  - Quiñones, Renato A.
DA  - 2023
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739345
PY  - 2023
ST  - Effects of ethoxyquin on metabolism and composition of active marine microbial communities
TI  - Effects of ethoxyquin on metabolism and composition of active marine microbial communities
VL  - 569
ID  - 58
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Salmon farming is a widespread activity around the world, also known to promote diverse environmental effects on aquatic ecosystems. However, information regarding the impact of salmon farming on bird assemblages is notably scarce. We hypothesize that salmon farming, by providing food subsidies and physical structures to birds, will change their local community structure. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a seasonal monitoring of bird richness, abundance, and composition at paired salmon pen and control plots in two marine and two lake sites in southern Chile, from fall 2002 to summer 2004. Overall, salmon farming had no significant effects on species richness, but bird abundance was significantly and noticeably higher in salmon pens than in controls. Such aggregation was mainly accounted for by the trophic guilds of omnivores, diving piscivores, carrion eaters, and perching piscivores, but not by invertebrate feeders, herbivores, and surface feeders. Species composition was also significantly and persistently different between salmon pens and controls within each lake or marine locality. The patterns described above remained consistent across environment types and seasons indicating that salmon farming is changing the community structure of birds in both lake and marine habitats by promoting functional and aggregation responses, particularly by favoring species with broader niches. Such local patterns may thus anticipate potential threats from the ongoing expansion of the salmon industry to neighboring areas in Chile, resulting in regional changes of bird communities, toward a less diverse one and dominated by opportunistic, common, and generalist species such as gulls, vultures, and cormorants.
AN  - rayyan-321503920
AU  - Jimenez, Jaime E.
AU  - Arriagada, Aldo M.
AU  - Fonturbel, Francisco E.
AU  - Camus, Patricio A.
AU  - Avila, Thieme
DA  - 2013
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1076-8
PY  - 2013
SP  - 779-787
ST  - Effects of exotic fish farms on bird communities in lake and marine ecosystems
TI  - Effects of exotic fish farms on bird communities in lake and marine ecosystems
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1430861792?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=9bRjgKwrAOPx3bMF%2BB%2BH42P3FqY%3D
VL  - 100
ID  - 221
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Animal migrations can affect disease dynamics. One consequence of migration common to marine fish and invertebrates is migratory allopatry- a period of spatial separation between adult and juvenile hosts, which is caused by host migration and which prevents parasite transmission from adult to juvenile hosts. We studied this characteristic for sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from one of the Canada's largest salmon stocks. Migratory allopatry protects juvenile salmon from L. salmonis for two to three months of early marine life (2-3% prevalence). In contrast, host diversity facilitates access for C. clemensi to juvenile salmon (8-20% prevalence) but infections appear ephemeral. Aquaculture can augment host abundance and diversity and increase parasite exposure of wild juvenile fish. An empirically parametrized model shows high sensitivity of salmon populations to increased L. salmonis exposure, predicting population collapse at one to five motile L. salmonis per juvenile pink salmon. These results characterize parasite threats of salmon aquaculture to wild salmon populations and show how host migration and diversity are important factors affecting parasite transmission in the oceans.
AN  - rayyan-279911280
AU  - Krkoaalek, Martin
AU  - Gottesfeld, Allen
AU  - Proctor, Bart
AU  - Rolston, Dave
AU  - Carr-Harris, Charmaine
AU  - Lewis
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1122
PY  - 2007
SP  - 3141-3149
ST  - Effects of host migration, diversity and aquaculture on sea lice threats to Pacific salmon populations
TI  - Effects of host migration, diversity and aquaculture on sea lice threats to Pacific salmon populations
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20549599?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=ypQI8hA0pHzkjOEG%2FQrk7gMZT4I%3D
VL  - 274
ID  - 100
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The wastes effect of a salmon farm anchored above a shallow sublittoral maerl bed in Shetland on benthic crustaceans was studied in 2003. Annual monitoring showed a die-back of living maerl, anoxia periods and an accumulation of organic material on the seabed within 25 m of the cages. Assessments of crustacean assemblages, quantified using 0.5-mm-sieved replicate (N = 5 per site) core samples, showed significant reductions in biodiversity near the farm. Some scavengers (the amphipod Socarnes erythrophthalmus) were abundant near the cages than at distances >75 m from the cages, but many small crustaceans (Tanaids Leptognathia breviremis, Typhlotanais microcheles and Psudoparatanais batei; Cumaceans Nannastacus unguiculatus, Cumella pygmaea and Vaunthompsonia cristata; and amphipod Austrosyrrhoe fimbriatus) were impoverished near the cages. Benthic Crustacea were impacted by the salmon farm, despite the presence of strong currents, probably due to the combined effects of organic wastes and toxins use to combat parasitic copepods. Was recommend that "fallowing", whereby farm cages are moved between sites to allow benthic recovery, is not carried out at sites where long-lived biogenic habitats such as maerl occur because this will likely increase the area of habitat degradation
AN  - rayyan-343236171
AU  - Hall-Spencer, J.
AU  - Bamber, R.
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2007
SP  - 353-366
ST  - Effects of salmon farming on benthic Crustacea
TI  - Effects of salmon farming on benthic Crustacea
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20779097?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=WaPho13pKTeQh8Dz%2B6qx0GCL%2Bw0%3D
VL  - 33
ID  - 229
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Benthic soft-bottom assemblages are good indicators of environmental disturbance, such as coastal aquaculture, considering their rapid response in terms of diversity and abundance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of peracarid assemblages to the release of waste from coastal farming as these organisms play an important ecological role. Abundance and species richness did not show significant differences between farm and control localities but did show a high spatial variability at the two studied scales. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis showed a separation between farms and controls, indicating that peracarid assemblages are modified as a result of aquaculture activities, and some species such as Ampelisca spp. showed statistical differences. Peracarids, at both species and community level, may therefore be applied as helpful indicators to assess benthic effects of coastal farming.Original Abstract: Las comunidades bentonicas de fondos blandos son buenas indicadoras de perturbaciones ambientales, tales como la acuicultura costera, teniendo en cuenta sus cambios relativamente rapidos en terminos de diversidad y abundancia. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la respuesta de las comunidades de peracaridos a la liberacion de desechos de las instalaciones de acuicultura costeras, dado el importante papel ecologico de estos organismos. La abundancia y la riqueza de especies no mostraron diferencias significativas entre areas con impacto y de control, pero si una importante variabilidad espacial a las dos escalas estudiadas. El analisis no metrico de escalas multidimensionales (EMD) mostro una separacion entre las piscifactorias y los controles, lo que indica que las comunnidades de peracaridos se ven modificadas como resultado de las actividades relacionadas con la acuicultura, donde algunas especies, como Ampelisca spp. mostraron diferencias significativas. Por lo tanto, los peracaridos, tanto a nivel de especie como de comunidad, pueden ser utilizados como buenos indicadores para evaluar el efecto de la acuicultura sobre el fondo marino en ambientes costeros.
AN  - rayyan-343237443
AU  - Fernandez-Gonzalez, V.
AU  - Sanchez-Jerez, P.
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2011
SP  - 179-190
ST  - Effects of sea bass and sea bream farming (Western Mediterranean Sea) on peracarid crustacean assemblages
TI  - Effects of sea bass and sea bream farming (Western Mediterranean Sea) on peracarid crustacean assemblages
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/893268184?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=hwShyA1R%2BH8fvSPOFeVeDU9ebq8%3D
VL  - 34
ID  - 264
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - ABSTRACT: This study investigated the role of wild fishes associated with marine farms as potentialconsumers of organic waste in the water column and sediment. Experiments were carried out at a fishfarm in a semi-enclosed bay in the Mediterranean Sea (SE Spain). Sediment traps collected organicwaste from net-pens in the water column at different depths during June and July 2001 and benthiccaging experiments were carried out on the sediment from October 2000 to January 2001. Theexperiment showed that about 80% of the particulate organic matter leaving the rearing net-pensmay be consumed before it settles on the sediment. Significant changes in the nutrient quality of theorganic matter exported are also due to consumption by wild fishes. Wild fishes thus play an impor-tant role in recycling the organic matter of the sediment, and regulate the benthic community struc-ture. Our results indicate that the trophic role of wild fishes should be considered when evaluatingthe environmental impact of fish farms.KEY WORDS: Aquaculture · Wild fishes · Fish farm · Sea-cage · Organic waste · Mediterranean Sea
AN  - rayyan-321501563
AU  - Vita, Rubén
AU  - Marín, Arnaldo
AU  - Madrid, Juan Antonio
AU  - Jiménez-Brinquis, Blanca
AU  - Cesar, Augusto
AU  - Marí
DA  - 2004
DO  - doi:doi:10.3354/meps277253
PY  - 2004
SP  - 253-261
ST  - Effects of wild fishes on waste exportation from a Mediterranean fish farm
TI  - Effects of wild fishes on waste exportation from a Mediterranean fish farm
UR  - http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MEPS..277..253V/abstract
VL  - 277
ID  - 117
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - La propagation spatiale de matériel génétique est un aspect fondamental des analyses des espèces envahissantes, de la dispersion des espèces et de la surveillance des maladies. Nous évaluons, en utilisant une méthodologie quantitative reposant sur l’ADN environnemental, les variations spatiales des concentrations d’ADNe de saumons atlantiques (Salmo salar) provenant de quatre fermes salmonicoles actives le long de quelque 55 km de chenaux étroits en Colombie-Britannique (Canada). Nous évaluons l’ADNe de 36 et 47 échantillons d’eau de mer prélevés à 2 et 8 m de profondeur, respectivement, à des intervalles de 0,3 à 3 km le long des chenaux. Nous calons un noyau de dispersion de Laplace sur les données d’ADNe pour chacune des profondeurs de 2 et 8 m. Le modèle estime que 95 % de l’ADNe propagé à une profondeur de 2 m se trouvait à moins de 1,6 km vers l’amont et 3,2 km vers l’aval des fermes par rapport à un courant dominant et que cette fourchette s’élargissait à 8 m de profondeur (1,8 km vers l’amont et 3,7 km vers l’aval). Les résultats de notre modélisation sont robustes en présence de différentes sources d’incertitude simulée associées au régime d’échantillonnage et à des taux de libération d’ADNe variables. Nos résultats constituent un point de référence pour la propagation spatiale de matériel biologique comme des pathogènes ou de l’ADNe provenant d’espèces envahissantes ou en péril dans un contexte marin côtier. Ces travaux sont importants pour l’interprétation de données d’ADNe pour la surveillance d’espèces et la prédiction de la propagation de maladies.
AN  - rayyan-279910907
AU  - Shea, Dylan
AU  - Frazer, Neil
AU  - Wadhawan, Kiran
AU  - Bateman, Andrew
AU  - Li, Shaorong
AU  - Miller, Kristina M.
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0216
PY  - 2022
SP  - 1377-1388
ST  - Environmental DNA dispersal from Atlantic salmon farms
TI  - Environmental DNA dispersal from Atlantic salmon farms
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2771908048?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=eJKkF%2BC5BIHZEf8%2FfkLNSl202zw%3D
VL  - 79
ID  - 93
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The spread of infection from reservoir host populations is a key mechanism for disease emergence and extinction risk and is a management concern for salmon aquaculture and fisheries. Using a quantitative environmental DNA methodology, we assessed pathogen environmental DNA in relation to salmon farms in coastal British Columbia, Canada, by testing for 39 species of salmon pathogens (viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic) in 134 marine environmental samples at 58 salmon farm sites (both active and inactive) over 3 years. Environmental DNA from 22 pathogen species was detected 496 times and species varied in their occurrence among years and sites, likely reflecting variation in environmental factors, other native host species, and strength of association with domesticated Atlantic salmon. Overall, we found that the probability of detecting pathogen environmental DNA (eDNA) was 2.72 (95% CI: 1.48, 5.02) times higher at active versus inactive salmon farm sites and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.42) times higher per standard deviation increase in domesticated Atlantic salmon eDNA concentration at a site. If the distribution of pathogen eDNA accurately reflects the distribution of viable pathogens, our findings suggest that salmon farms serve as a potential reservoir for a number of infectious agents; thereby elevating the risk of exposure for wild salmon and other fish species that share the marine environment. © 2020 The Authors.
AN  - rayyan-279910890
AU  - Shea, D.
AU  - Bateman, A.
AU  - Li, S.
AU  - Tabata, A.
AU  - Schulze, A.
AU  - Mordecai, G.
AU  - Ogston, L.
AU  - Volpe, J. P.
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.2010
PY  - 2020
ST  - Environmental DNA from multiple pathogens is elevated near active Atlantic salmon farms: Salmon farm elevate marine pathogen eDNA
TI  - Environmental DNA from multiple pathogens is elevated near active Atlantic salmon farms: Salmon farm elevate marine pathogen eDNA
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094221123&doi=10.1098%2frspb.2020.2010&partnerID=40&md5=ab0083041c7071ce3c518c1c8e89d94f
VL  - 287
ID  - 92
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The measurement of species diversity represents a powerful tool for assessing the impacts of human activities on marine ecosystems. Traditionally, the impact of fish farming on the coastal environment is evaluated by monitoring the dynamics of macrobenthic infaunal populations. However, taxonomic sorting and morphology-based identification of the macrobenthos demand highly trained specialists and are extremely time-consuming and costly, making it unsuitable for large-scale biomonitoring efforts involving numerous samples. Here, we propose to alleviate this laborious task by developing protist metabarcoding tools based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of environmental DNA and RNA extracted from sediment samples. In this study, we analysed the response of benthic foraminiferal communities to the variation of environmental gradients associated with salmon farms in Scotland. We investigated the foraminiferal diversity based on ribosomal minibarcode sequences generated by the Illumina NGS technology. We compared the molecular data with morphospecies counts and with environmental gradients, including distance to cages and redox used as a proxy for sediment oxygenation. Our study revealed high variations between foraminiferal communities collected in the vicinity of fish farms and at distant locations. We found evidence for species richness decrease in impacted sites, especially visible in the RNA data. We also detected some candidate bioindicator foraminiferal species. Based on this proof-of-concept study, we conclude that NGS metabarcoding using foraminifera and other protists has potential to become a new tool for surveying the impact of aquaculture and other industrial activities in the marine environment. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AN  - rayyan-343238309
AU  - Pawlowski, J.
AU  - Esling, P.
AU  - Lejzerowicz, F.
AU  - Cedhagen, T.
AU  - Wilding, T. A.
DA  - 2014
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/1755-0998.12261
PY  - 2014
SP  - 1129-1140
ST  - Environmental monitoring through protist next-generation sequencing metabarcoding: Assessing the impact of fish farming on benthic foraminifera communities
TI  - Environmental monitoring through protist next-generation sequencing metabarcoding: Assessing the impact of fish farming on benthic foraminifera communities
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907953277&doi=10.1111%2f1755-0998.12261&partnerID=40&md5=32023ad8d8b4a8ea655111433d9e831e
VL  - 14
ID  - 298
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Here, we review extensive information to estimate environmental risks from escaped non‐native salmonids based on the assessments of <jats:italic>hazard</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sensitivity</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>exposure</jats:italic> of discrete water bodies in Chile. In 2020, the country harvested about 1 million tons salmonids from net pens located along 1500 km of highly biodiverse coastline. We base our analysis on existing scientific information and authors' expert opinions including an assessment of knowledge gaps and uncertainties. Risks of environmental impacts differed by salmon species, being lowest for Atlantic salmon due to its estimated lower survival, lower ability to feed after escaping and lower reproductive capacity in the wild compared to coho salmon and rainbow trout. Overall risks due to escapes of any of the species were highest in areas of both high farming intensity and low capacity of mitigating escapes (by wild predators and fishers) such as Aysén District. At same time, risk was higher in the most farmed areas that also presented suitable habitats to support reproduction and juvenile salmonid rearing. However, the risk estimation certainty differed among species being lowest for Atlantic salmon due to insufficient monitoring of their fate in the wild. Monitoring the fate and impacts of escaped salmonids, specially in higher risk areas is recommended to improve risk projections and to prevent and mitigate further impacts. Since Atlantic and coho salmon are not yet successful invaders in Chile, research attention is urgently needed to assess the environmental consequences of escapes of these species. The present approach can be applied to any aquaculture system given the availability of information on farmed species and receiving ecosystems.</jats:p>
AN  - rayyan-279910368
AU  - Soto, Doris
AU  - Arismendi, Ivan
AU  - Olivos, J. Andres
AU  - Canales‐Aguirre, Cristian B.
AU  - Leon‐Muñoz, Jorge
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/raq.12711
PY  - 2022
SP  - 198-219
ST  - Environmental risk assessment of non‐native salmonid escapes from net pens in the Chilean Patagonia
TI  - Environmental risk assessment of non‐native salmonid escapes from net pens in the Chilean Patagonia
UR  - https://lens.org/080-434-650-313-851
VL  - 15
ID  - 73
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The continuing decline of ocean fisheries and rise of global fish consumption has driven aquaculture growth by 10% annually over the last decade. The association of fish farms with disease emergence in sympatric wild fish stocks remains one of the most controversial and unresolved threats aquaculture poses to coastal ecosystems and fisheries. We report a comprehensive analysis of the spread and impact of farm-origin parasites on the survival of wild fish populations. We mathematically coupled extensive data sets of native parasitic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) transmission and pathogenicity on migratory wild juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon. Farm-origin lice induced 9-95% mortality in several sympatric wild juvenile pink and chum salmon populations. The epizootics arise through a mechanism that is new to our understanding of emerging infectious diseases: fish farms undermine a functional role of host migration in protecting juvenile hosts from parasites associated with adult hosts. Although the migratory life cycles of Pacific salmon naturally separate adults from juveniles, fish farms provide L. salmonis novel access to juvenile hosts, in this case raising infection rates for at least the first approximately 2.5 months of the salmon's marine life ( approximately 80 km of the migration route). Spatial segregation between juveniles and adults is common among temperate marine fishes, and as aquaculture continues its rapid growth, this disease mechanism may challenge the sustainability of coastal ecosystems and economies.
AN  - rayyan-321503890
AU  - Krkosek, Martin
AU  - Lewis, Mark A.
AU  - Morton, Alexandra
AU  - Frazer, LNeil
AU  - Volpe, John P.
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2006
SP  - 15506-15510
ST  - Epizootics of wild fish induced by farm fish
TI  - Epizootics of wild fish induced by farm fish
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/19357055?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=IBEmlisbRIBA%2B8pWnmlDjzvNmMQ%3D
VL  - 103
ID  - 220
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - During heavy storms in 1994-1995, salmon farms in southern Chile lost several million fish from the most commonly farmed species, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). To determine the abundance and distribution of such exotic salmon populations in the wild and their effect on native organisms, we conducted experimental fishing, in six locations in the salmon farming regions (41 degree -46 degree S) in the inner seas of Chiloe (X Region) and Aysen (XI Region), between November 1995 and December 1996. At the same time, we collected information from salmon farms and insurance companies about escaped individuals. During the experimental fishing we captured 2602 coho salmon, 984 trout, and 271 Atlantic salmon. Captures of the three species declined through the duration of the study; thus in November 1996 we captured <10% of initial catches. Population projections based on three possible mortality rates (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2) predicted the disappearance of salmon by year 2000, and the highest mortality rate was the best predictor of the observed available biomass in 1996. Thus, artisanal fishing may control escaped salmon. Of the three species, coho salmon had the best chances of becoming established in the remote XI Region where the artisanal fishing pressure was less intense. The three salmon species showed feeding similarities, since each kept feeding on pellets beneath the farms, particularly Atlantic salmon, while coho salmon showed greater preference for schooling fish, and rainbow trout fed more often on crustaceans. Thus, the three species, particularly coho salmon, could compete with native southern hake and mackerel. As a management approach to avoid salmon colonization and naturalization in southern Chile, local artisanal fishing should be encouraged because it is probably the most efficient way to remove escaped individuals and reduce the chance of populations becoming self-sustaining.
AN  - rayyan-321503231
AU  - Soto, D.
AU  - Jara, F.
AU  - Moreno, C.
DA  - 2001
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2001
SP  - 1750-1762
ST  - Escaped salmon in the inner seas, southern Chile: Facing ecological and social conflicts
TI  - Escaped salmon in the inner seas, southern Chile: Facing ecological and social conflicts
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/18369781?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=F8HwXN4aFKvypOvM6NTGgOO%2BV2g%3D
VL  - 11
ID  - 184
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Escapes of farmed fish from aquaculture installations, as well as large scale stock enhancement and sea ranching activities, are regarded as risk factors for negative genetic impacts on native gene pools. These aspects have been discussed for several decades, and a number of recent experiments on Atlantic salmon have clearly demonstrated dramatically reduced overall fitness of farmed offspring compared with offspring of wild origin. The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) is now the most promising new marine species for large scale farming in Norway, and more than 500 commercial farming licenses have been issued, corresponding to a maximum annual production capacity of about 300,000 tonnes. In comparison with the environmental problems caused by escapes from the salmon farming industry, cod farming presents new challenges. As a marine species, cod are able to spawn in the net pens during the ongrowing period and thus release genetic material into the environment. Coastal cod stocks in Norwegian waters are depl...
AN  - rayyan-279910110
AU  - Jørstad, Knut Eirik
AU  - van der Meeren, Terje
AU  - Paulsen, Ole Ingar
AU  - Thomsen, Tårn
AU  - Thorsen, Anders
DA  - 2008
DO  - doi:doi:10.1080/10641260701678017
PY  - 2008
SP  - 285-295
ST  - “Escapes” of Eggs from Farmed Cod Spawning in Net Pens: Recruitment to Wild Stocks
TI  - “Escapes” of Eggs from Farmed Cod Spawning in Net Pens: Recruitment to Wild Stocks
UR  - https://core.ac.uk/display/101895177
VL  - 16
ID  - 65
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Salmon and trout species are not native to the southern hemisphere, however rainbow and brown trout have been established a century in southern South America. Yet, most attempts to introduce anadromous salmon failed until the onset of aquaculture by 1980. Escapes of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (chinook salmon) from aquaculture after 1990 have apparently produced increasingly important reproductive returns naturalized to upper basins in Chile and Argentina south of 39°S. In this paper, we show data on the historic and spatial occurrence of chinook salmon in four Pacific basins during the past decade. Our objective is to establish the progress of the settlement forecasting some ecosystem disruptions in order to project and manage potential impacts. In Chile, sampling took place from 1995 to 2005 including rivers Petrohué, Poicas, and Río Negro-Hornopiren, and Lake Puyehue, in the X Region. In Argentina, sampled rivers were Futaleufú, Carrenleufú and Pico. In Chile and Argentina, reproductive chinooks ranged in size between 73 and 130 cm total length, with the smallest sizes in Lake Puyehue where the population is apparently landlocked. In Río Petrohué, the size of the runs varied from year to year reaching in the peak season of 1996 and 2004 up to 500 kg of fish along 100 m of riverbank. Temporal distribution of juvenile chinooks suggested mainly a typical ocean type as they are gone to the sea within the first year of age. As seen in Petrohue, reproductive populations could import significant quantities of marine derived nutrients as they do in their original habitats thus disturbing natural cycles and balances. Chinook establishment in these pristine watersheds in southern South America poses new challenges for decision makers and fishermen since they may develop a fishery in the Pacific Ocean with consequences to other fishery resources. Additionally they also become a resource for sport fishing. Therefore there is the need of developing management tools and approaches to control the populations avoiding irreversible ecosystem disruptions and social conflicts.
AN  - rayyan-321502353
AU  - Soto, D.
AU  - Arismendi, I.
AU  - Prinzio, C. di
AU  - Jara, F.
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2007
SP  - 81-98
ST  - Establishment of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Pacific basins of southern South America and its potential ecosystem implications
TI  - Establishment of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Pacific basins of southern South America and its potential ecosystem implications
VL  - 80
ID  - 156
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Saprolegnia infections are among the main parasitic diseases affecting farmed salmonids. The distribution and potential transfer of Saprolegnia spp. between farms and the natural environment has been scarcely investigated. Therefore, this work aimed to study the diversity and abundance of oomycete species in salmonid farms, tributary water, and effluent water systems. Four trout farms in Italy and two Atlantic salmon farms in Scotland were considered. In Italian farms, 532 isolates of oomycetes were obtained from fish and water, at upstream, inside, and downstream the farms. In Scottish farms, 201 oomycetes isolates were obtained from water outside the farm and from fish and water inside the farming units. Isolates were identified to the species level through amplification and sequencing of the ITS rDNA region. In Italy, S. parasitica was significantly more present in farmed than in wild fish, while in water it was more frequently isolated from the wild, particularly in effluent systems, not associated with more frequent isolation of S. parasitica in wild fish downstream the farm. In Scotland, S. parasitica was the most prevalent species isolated from fish, while isolates from water were mostly Pythium spp. with few S. parasitica isolates from upstream and downstream the farms.
AN  - rayyan-343237539
AU  - Tedesco, Perla
AU  - Saraiva, Marcia
AU  - Sandoval-Sierra, Jose Vladimir
AU  - Fioravanti, Maria Letizia
AU  - Moran
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.3390/pathogens10080926
PY  - 2021
ST  - Evaluation of potential transfer of the pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica between farmed salmonids and wild fish
TI  - Evaluation of potential transfer of the pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica between farmed salmonids and wild fish
VL  - 10
ID  - 267
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Summary The impact of salmon farming on the environment has been widely studied; there is, however, no consensus on the magnitude and quality of these effects and little information on their extent over large salmon farming areas. Forty-three salmon farm sites of which 29 are in full operation and grouped in nine locations in southern Chile were evaluated. Using statistical methods (two-way ANOVA), no effects were found on water column variables such as nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate and chlorophyll, whereas they were significant on sediment variables such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and organic carbon (OC), among others. Natural variability evaluation of some parameters revealed that P in sediments had the lowest coefficient of variation (23.2%) when compared with N (65.2%), particulate organic matter (POM) (139%) and OC (39%), and showed more marked salmon farming effects with no locality effects. Four of the nine locations showed stronger effects on sediments, with average P values ranging from 150 to 230 mmol that were six to nine times higher than in control sites (25 mmol). Nitrogen and carbon in sediments, while showing significant effects on salmon farming, also showed locality effects that revealed other biogenic processes influencing sediment composition. Thus, P in sediments was proposed as a promising indicator of impact on salmon farming, although the relationship with fauna in sediments was not linear and somewhat variable; more research is therefore needed to understand such connections. Considering entire geographical locations, no relationship was found between sediment conditions under salmon cages and the condition of the water column at a farm. This may indicate the possibility of high dilution rates and recycling processes, which so far preclude the detection of more global impacts beyond the cages shadow.
AN  - rayyan-321501931
AU  - Soto, D.
AU  - Norambuena, Fernando
DA  - 2004
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2004.00602.x
PY  - 2004
SP  - 493-501
ST  - Evaluation of salmon farming effects on marine systems in the inner seas of southern Chile: a large-scale mensurative experiment
TI  - Evaluation of salmon farming effects on marine systems in the inner seas of southern Chile: a large-scale mensurative experiment
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2004.00602.x/abstract
VL  - 20
ID  - 134
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Salmon farms are spatially concentrated reservoirs of fish host populations that can disrupt natural salmonid host-parasite dynamics. Sea lice frequently infect farm salmon and parasitize sympatric wild juvenile salmonids, with neg- ative impacts on survival in Europe and Pacific Canada. We examined louse parasitism of wild juvenile chum salmon (On- corhynchus keta) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from three salmon farming regions in British Columbia (Finlayson, Broughton Archipelago, and Georgia Strait). We compared sites of low and high exposure to farms and in- cluded an area without farms (Bella Bella) to assess baseline infection levels. Louse prevalence and abundance were low- est and most similar to natural baseline levels at low-exposure sites and highest at high-exposure sites in all farm regions. A significantly greater proportion of the lice were Lepeophtheirus salmonis at high-exposure sites. Exposure to salmon farms was the only consistently significant factor to explain the variation in prevalence data, with a secondary role played by salinity. Our results support the hypothesis that salmon farms are a major source of sea lice on juvenile wild salmon in salmon farming regions and underscore the importance of using management techniques that mitigate threats to wild stocks. Resume´ : Les elevages de saumons sont des reservoirs concentres dans l'espace de populations de poissons hotes qui peu- vent perturber la dynamique naturelle des saumons hotes et de leurs parasites. Les puces de mer infectent frequemment les saumons d'elevage et parasitent les jeunes salmonides sauvages sympatriques, ce qui a des impacts negatifs sur la survie en Europe et la region pacifique du Canada. Nous avons etudiele parasitisme par les puces de mer chez les saumons keta (Oncorhynchus keta) et roses (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) dans trois regions d'elevage de saumons en Colombie- Britannique (Finlayson, archipel de Broughton et detroit de Georgie). Nous avons compareles sites fortement et faiblement exposes aux elevages, ainsi qu'une region sans elevages (Bella Bella), afin d'evaluer les niveaux d'infection de base. La prevalence et l'abondance des puces de mer sont minimales et le plus semblables aux niveaux de base naturels aux sites de faible exposition, et maximales aux sites de forte exposition dans toutes les regions d'elevage. Aux sites de forte expo- sition, une proportion significativement plus elevee des puces de mer appartient al'espece Lepeophtheirus salmonis. L'ex- position aux elevages de saumons est le seul facteur explicatif constamment significatif dans les donnees de prevalence avec la salinitequi joue un role secondaire. Nos resultats appuient l'hypothese selon laquelle les elevages de saumons sont une source importante de puces de mer pour les jeunes saumons sauvages dans les regions d'elevage de saumons et ils soulignent l'importance d'utiliser des techniques de gestion qui reduisent les menaces aux stocks sauvages. (Traduit par la Redaction)
AN  - rayyan-343238184
AU  - Price, Michael H. H.
AU  - Morton, A.
AU  - Reynolds, John D.
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:10.1139/f10-105
PY  - 2010
SP  - 1925-1932
ST  - Evidence of farm-induced parasite infestations on wild juvenile salmon in multiple regions of coastal British Columbia, Canada
TI  - Evidence of farm-induced parasite infestations on wild juvenile salmon in multiple regions of coastal British Columbia, Canada
UR  - http://www.livingoceans.org/sites/default/files/rpv.pdf
VL  - 67
ID  - 295
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - AbstractThe Hardangerfjord, western Norway, is an area with a high concentration of salmon farms, high levels of infection of salmon lice in anadromous brown trout, and declining trout populations. This study assessed the marine survival rate of anadromous trout from the River Guddalselva, in the central part of the fjord, and tested the hypothesis that trout populations in this area are depressed by salmon lice infection. From 2001 to 2011, all descending smolts and trout returning from the fjord were captured in the traps at the field station of the Institute of Marine Research. In 2004 and 2005, parts of the smolt cohorts were treated with the Substance EX to prevent sea lice infection. From 2007 to 2010, all smolts (n=3557) were also tagged with individual tags. The results show a survival rate in the sea of only 0.58–3.41% for tagged smolts, which is extremely low. The highest survival rates appeared in the years with the lowest recordings of salmon lice in spring. The survival rate of Substance EX-t...
AN  - rayyan-343236874
AU  - Skaala, Øystein
AU  - Kålås, Steinar
AU  - Borgstrøm, Reidar
DA  - 2013
DO  - doi:doi:10.1080/17451000.2013.810756
PY  - 2013
SP  - 279-288
ST  - Evidence of salmon lice-induced mortality of anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Hardangerfjord, Norway
TI  - Evidence of salmon lice-induced mortality of anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Hardangerfjord, Norway
UR  - https://core.ac.uk/display/52047584
VL  - 10
ID  - 251
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-271833981
AU  - Krøvel, Anne Vatland
AU  - Gjerstad, Brita
AU  - Skoland, Kathrine
AU  - Lindland, Kristiane Marie Fjær
AU  - Hynes, ...
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103648
PY  - 2019
SP  - 103648
ST  - Exploring attitudes toward aquaculture in Norway – Is there a difference between the Norwegian general public and local communities where the industry is established?
TI  - Exploring attitudes toward aquaculture in Norway – Is there a difference between the Norwegian general public and local communities where the industry is established?
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X18309606
VL  - 108
ID  - 4
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Salmon aquaculture is a major economic activity in Atlantic Canada. The anti-sea lice therapeutant emamectin benzoate (EMB) and the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) are widely used in aquaculture and are detected in sediments around sites. The green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis is an important benthic species in Canada that may be exposed to these compounds including organic matter near aquaculture sites. A central composite rotatable design was applied to investigate the potential effect of contaminant mixtures on adult green sea urchins during a 140-day exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of EMB, OTC, and organic matter (OM). Endpoints considered in this study included behavior (righting time) assessed every two weeks, immunology (coelomocyte characteristics and functionality) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) investigated at the end of the exposure. Metabolomic profiling was also carried out in the gonad tissue at the end of the exposure. Two test conditions were found to impact coelomocyte number and cell viability, but immunology fully recovered 80 days post-exposure. No other clear trends in the effect of EMB, OTC, and OM were found on other sea urchin immunological endpoints, nor righting time, GSI or metabolites concentrations. Our results suggest that there is no clear impact of the contaminant mixtures tested on urchins though interactions suggest complex mechanisms that require further testing. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
AN  - rayyan-343238248
AU  - Asnicar, D.
AU  - Jonah, L.
AU  - De Jourdan, B.
AU  - Hamoutene, D.
DA  - 2025
DO  - doi:doi:10.1093/etojnl/vgaf080
PY  - 2025
SP  - 1686-1695
ST  - Exploring cumulative effects of aquaculture chemicals in sediment on adult sea urchin behavioral, immunological, and metabolomic endpoints
TI  - Exploring cumulative effects of aquaculture chemicals in sediment on adult sea urchin behavioral, immunological, and metabolomic endpoints
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105006973244&doi=10.1093%2fetojnl%2fvgaf080&partnerID=40&md5=859e873bff4857d5eba84bdb6e6673ec
VL  - 44
ID  - 297
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The role that open-net-pen farms for Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar play in the global decline of stocks of wild salmonids (Salmo spp. and Oncorhynchus spp.) is contentious; Canada’s west coast is no exception. We identified the proportion of acoustic-tagged juvenile Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka migrating through the main migration routes of the Discovery Islands region of British Columbia and measured both residence time in a major waterway hosting several Atlantic Salmon farms and exposure times to individual farms. One-third of tagged fish migrated through this channel, with median residence times of 32.6 h in 2017 and 46.0 h in 2018. The median time near individual farms was 4.4 min in 2017 when farms were fallow and 10.9 min in 2018 when farms were stocked. The increase in 2018 was probably not caused by farm activity because the proportion of total time spent in the channel was the same across years. Sockeye Salmon used all major migration pathways, but the lack of farms and rapid migration speeds in the westernmost passage offers the lowest potential exposure to fish farms. These are the first individual-level data available to inform assessments of the transmission risk of infectious agents from farms to wild salmonids.</jats:p>
AN  - rayyan-343237963
AU  - Rechisky, Erin L.
AU  - Porter, Aswea D.
AU  - Johnston, Stephen D.
AU  - Stevenson, Christine F.
AU  - Hinch, Scott
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.1002/nafm.10574
PY  - 2021
SP  - 650-660
ST  - Exposure Time of Wild, Juvenile Sockeye Salmon to Open-Net-Pen Atlantic Salmon Farms in British Columbia, Canada
TI  - Exposure Time of Wild, Juvenile Sockeye Salmon to Open-Net-Pen Atlantic Salmon Farms in British Columbia, Canada
UR  - https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nafm.10574
VL  - 41
ID  - 287
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Interactions between domesticated escapees and wild conspecifics represent a threat to the genetic integrity and fitness of native populations. For Atlantic salmon, the recurrent presence of large numbers of domesticated escapees in the wild makes it necessary to better understand their impacts on native populations. We planted 254,400 eggs from 75 families of domesticated, F1-hybrid, and wild salmon in a river containing up- and downstream traps. Additionally, 41,630 hatchery smolts of the same pedigrees were released into the river. Over 8 years, 6,669 out-migrating smolts and 356 returning adults were recaptured and identified to their families of origin with DNA. In comparison with wild salmon, domesticated fish had substantially lower egg to smolt survival (1.8% vs. 3.8% across cohorts), they migrated earlier in the year (11.8 days earlier across years), but they only displayed marginally larger smolt sizes and marginally lower smolt ages. Upon return to freshwater, domesticated salmon were substantially larger at age than wild salmon (2.4 vs. 2.0, 4.8 vs. 3.2, and 8.5 vs. 5.6 kg across sexes for 1, 2, and 3 sea-winter fish) and displayed substantially lower released smolt to adult survival (0.41% vs. 0.94% across releases). Overall, egg-to-returning adult survival ratios were 1:0.76:0.30 and 1:0.44:0.21 for wild:F1-hybrid:domesticated salmon, respectively, using two different types of data. This study represents the most updated and extensive analysis of domesticated, hybrid, and wild salmon in the wild and provides the first documentation of a clear genetic difference in the timing of smolt migration—an adaptive trait presumed to be linked with optimal timing of entry to seawater. We conclude that spawning and hybridization of domesticated escapees can lead to (i) reduced wild smolt output and therefore wild adult abundance, through resource competition in freshwater, (ii) reduced total adult abundance due to freshwater competition and reduced marine survival of domesticated salmon, and (iii) maladaptive changes in phenotypic traits. © 2019 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
AN  - rayyan-321501924
AU  - Skaala, Ø
AU  - Besnier, F.
AU  - Borgstrøm, R.
AU  - Barlaup, B.
AU  - Sørvik, A. G.
AU  - Normann, E.
AU  - Østebø, B. I.
AU  - Ha
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/eva.12777
PY  - 2019
SP  - 1001-1016
ST  - An extensive common-garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits
TI  - An extensive common-garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065443781&doi=10.1111%2feva.12777&partnerID=40&md5=3b194a6587999ecbc1a3df3a7cec31a1
VL  - 12
ID  - 133
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Brown trout (Salmo trutta) display extensive plasticity in marine migratory behaviours, with marine migrations considered to be an adaptive strategy which enables sea trout to maximize growth and reproductive potential. However, marine migrations are not without associated costs, including threats posed by ever-increasing salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations. In the present study, we used passive integrated transponder technology to characterize variability in sea trout migration behaviour amongst three catchments situated in a region of intensive salmon farming in central Norway. Specifically, we investigate how lice infestation, out-migration date and body size alter sea trout return rate and marine residence duration during the first out-migration to sea from each catchment. Distinct catchment-specific differences in sea trout out-migration size and the number of cohorts were observed, but larger body size did not guarantee the successful return of migrating trout. The marine residence duration of individuals that successfully returned to freshwater was positively correlated with lice infestation risk, suggesting for these individuals the lethal infestation threshold had not been reached. Our results also suggest that sea trout populations from lotic-dominated catchments are potentially at greater risk from size-related threats to their survival encountered during their marine migrations than sea trout from lentic-dominated catchments. The variability in sea trout migratory behaviour amongst catchments observed here emphasizes the challenges fisheries managers face when deciding the best actions to take to protect the anadromous portion of brown trout populations. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Fish Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
AN  - rayyan-279910123
AU  - Paterson, R. A.
AU  - Berntsen, H. H.
AU  - Næsje, T. F.
AU  - Berg, M.
AU  - Finstad, B.
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/jfb.14770
PY  - 2021
SP  - 875-887
ST  - Factors influencing return rate and marine residence duration in sea trout populations in Central Norway
TI  - Factors influencing return rate and marine residence duration in sea trout populations in Central Norway
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106328636&doi=10.1111%2fjfb.14770&partnerID=40&md5=66470750b807220f4f1a226d9c4a2cce
VL  - 99
ID  - 66
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Aquaculture impacts on marine benthic ecosystems are widely recognized and monitored. However, little is known about the community changes occurring in the water masses surrounding aquaculture sites. In the present study, we studied the eukaryotic communities inside and outside salmonid aquaculture cages through time to assess the community changes in the neighbouring waters of the farm. Water samples were taken biweekly over five months during the production phase from inside the cages and from nearby points located North and South of the salmon farm. Eukaryotic communities were analyzed by eDNA metabarcoding of the partial COI Leray-XT fragment. The results showed that eukaryotic communities inside the cages were significantly different from those in the outside environment, with communities inside the cages having higher diversity values and more indicator species associated with them. This is likely explained by the appearance of fouling species that colonize the artificial structures, but also by other species that are attracted to the cages by other means. Moreover, these effects were highly localized inside the cages, as the communities identified outside the cages, both North and South, had very similar eukaryotic composition at each point in time. Overall, the eukaryotic communities, both inside and outside the cages, showed similar temporal fluctuations through the summer months, with diversity peaks occurring at the end of July, beginning of September, and in the beginning of November, with the latter showing the highest Shannon diversity and richness values. Hence, our study suggests that seasonality, together with salmonid aquaculture, are the main drivers of eukaryotic community structure in surface waters surrounding the farm.
AN  - rayyan-321502303
AU  - Turon, Marta
AU  - Nygaard, Magnus
AU  - Guri, Gledis
AU  - Wangensteen, Owen S.
AU  - Præbel, Kim
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.957251
PY  - 2022
ST  - Fine-scale differences in eukaryotic communities inside and outside salmon aquaculture cages revealed by eDNA metabarcoding
TI  - Fine-scale differences in eukaryotic communities inside and outside salmon aquaculture cages revealed by eDNA metabarcoding
VL  - 13
ID  - 153
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Predictive species distribution models (SDMs) have become powerful tools to determine habitat use patterns of mobile marine predators and their spatial overlap with potentially impacting anthropogenic activities.This study used SDMs to investigate fine‐scale habitat use patterns of two poorly known and broadly sympatric coastal delphinids, Chilean dolphins (Cephalorhynchus eutropia) and Peale's dolphins (Lagenorhynchus australis), and their spatial interactions with intense aquaculture farming activities in the Chiloé archipelago, southern Chile.A long‐term dataset (2002–2012) of boat‐based dolphin sightings and concurrently in situ collected environmental and anthropogenic variables was analysed using binomial Generalized Additive Models to investigate ecological drivers of each species' fine‐scale distribution and to predict dolphin occurrence spatially.Chilean dolphins preferred shallow (<30 m deep), turbid waters, close to shore (<500 m) and river mouths which often placed them in sheltered bays and channels used intensively by shellfish farms. Peale's dolphins were also found in shallow waters but occurred over a wider range of conditions along more open or exposed coastlines. Both species had to navigate extensive salmon and shellfish farming sites to transit between areas of important habitat.Sightings and predicted occurrence maps showed a clear pattern of spatial habitat partitioning between species, which remained stable across the 11 year study period. The identification of important habitat for Chilean dolphins warrants the consideration of spatially explicit conservation measures to limit the potential effects of overlapping salmon and shellfish farming.The observed differences in ecological plasticity of the two sympatric species should be considered when evaluating and mitigating the effects of environmental change and ongoing anthropogenic pressures on their nearshore habitat. The estimated species–environment relationships could also be used to predict where dolphin habitat and anthropogenic activities are most likely to overlap in other parts of the species' ranges.
AN  - rayyan-343238743
AU  - Heinrich, Sonja
AU  - Genov, Tilen
AU  - Marjorie Fuentes, Riquelme
AU  - Hammond, Philip S.
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3153
PY  - 2019
SP  - 212-226
ST  - Fine‐scale habitat partitioning of Chilean and Peale's dolphins and their overlap with aquaculture
TI  - Fine‐scale habitat partitioning of Chilean and Peale's dolphins and their overlap with aquaculture
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2284916791?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=FAmSePy2gP6zQxpKhP7koBONPS4%3D
VL  - 29
ID  - 310
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - While progress has been made in surveying the oceans to understand microbial and viral communities, the coastal ocean and, specifically, estuarine waters, where the effects of anthropogenic activity are greatest, remain partially understudied. The coastal waters of Northern Patagonia are of interest since this region experiences high-density salmon farming as well as other disturbances such as maritime transport of humans and cargo. Here, we hypothesized that viral and microbial communities from the Comau Fjord would be distinct from those collected in global surveys yet would have the distinctive features of microbes from coastal and temperate regions. We further hypothesized that microbial communities will be functionally enriched in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in general and in those related to salmon farming in particular. Here, the analysis of metagenomes and viromes obtained for three surface water sites showed that the structure of the microbial communities was distinct in comparison to global surveys such as the Tara Ocean, though their composition converges with that of cosmopolitan marine microbes belonging to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Similarly, viral communities were also divergent in structure and composition but matched known viral members from North America and the southern oceans. Microbial communities were functionally enriched in ARGs dominated by beta-lactams and tetracyclines, bacitracin, and the group macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) but were not different from other communities from the South Atlantic, South Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Similarly, viral communities were characterized by exhibiting protein clusters similar to those described globally (Tara Oceans Virome); however, Comau Fjord viromes displayed up to 50% uniqueness in their protein content. Altogether, our results indicate that microbial and viral communities from the Comau Fjord are a reservoir of untapped diversity and that, given the increasing anthropogenic impacts in the region, they warrant further study, specifically regarding resilience and resistance against antimicrobials and hydrocarbons. © 2023 by the authors.
AN  - rayyan-279909127
AU  - Guajardo-Leiva, S.
AU  - Mendez, K. N.
AU  - Meneses, C.
AU  - Díez, B.
AU  - Castro-Nallar, E.
DA  - 2023
DO  - doi:doi:10.3390/microorganisms11040904
PY  - 2023
ST  - A First Insight into the Microbial and Viral Communities of Comau Fjord—A Unique Human-Impacted Ecosystem in Patagonia (42° S)
TI  - A First Insight into the Microbial and Viral Communities of Comau Fjord—A Unique Human-Impacted Ecosystem in Patagonia (42° S)
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85156260150&doi=10.3390%2fmicroorganisms11040904&partnerID=40&md5=3fb9985ba87d1f4c6834dcdfc4b0b1c8
VL  - 11
ID  - 21
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Farm sabotage can cause massive fish escape events with significant ecological and socio-economic risks. This study examined the fate of Mediterranean seabass Dicentrarchus labrax escapees following a large-scale escape event caused by sabotage in the Western Mediterranean Sea. We monitored the escapee density and size structure over 3 mo after the escape at increasing distances from the escape point, up to 45 km away. Fish density adjacent to the escape location 5 d after the sabotage was, on average, 114 ± 44.7 (SE) fish per 100 m2. Our analyses showed that fish density decreased by 17% for every km away from the location, dropping to 2 and 1% after 1 and 2 mo, respectively, following the escape event. As escapee density declined throughout time and space, the size distribution of seabass shifted towards larger sizes. The rapid decrease in fish densities highlights the need for contingency plans focusing on fishing efforts in the coastal areas near the escape location (<20 km) within the first 24 h. These results are paramount to mitigating the risks associated with escape events cost-effectively. We emphasise the importance of sabotage prevention measures, such as security systems that can quickly detect intruders and trigger an immediate response to deter them. Additionally, enforcing appropriate sanctions based on the severity of the damage caused could help to discourage future sabotage attempts.
AN  - rayyan-321502031
AU  - Atalah, Javier
AU  - Sánchez-Jerez, Pablo
AU  - Izquierdo-Gómez, David
AU  - Fernandez-Jover, Damián
AU  - Arechavala
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00482
PY  - 2024
SP  - 203
ST  - Fish dispersal from a sabotage-mediated massive escape event
TI  - Fish dispersal from a sabotage-mediated massive escape event
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/3128983032?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=9KjvrM715YJYV4DNcUvhyfkhQPk%3D
VL  - 16
ID  - 141
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Concentrations of oxytetracycline and the frequency of oxytetracycline resistance in the environmental microflora were monitored following the therapeutic use of this agent at a marine fish farm. 529 kg of oxytetracycline were administered over a 24 day period at an average of 1.4 kg per cage per day. Three days after the end of the therapy 4.6 ± 3.7 μg/g oxytetracycline were detected in the sediments and the frequency of resistance in the sediment microflora was 9.0 ± 5.3%. A rise in the frequency of resistance in this flora to 26 ± 8.7% occurred 24 days after the therapy. This rise was not associated with any increase in the concentrations of oxytetracycline in the sediment. At this time the frequency of resistance in the flora isolated from mussels suspended above the sediments (36 ± 8.5%) was significantly (P = 0.005) higher than that present in the sediment flora. The feed used on the farm 24 days after the end of therapy was shown to contain 4.6 × 104 oxytetracycline-resistant cfu/g. The distribution of phenotypic groups in the oxytetracycline-resistant flora in this feed and in the sediments during the peak in resistance were compared with those from other marine environments. These data demonstrated that resistant flora in feed can, under certain circumstances, significantly contribute to the resistant flora detected in sediments under fish cages. © 1995.
AN  - rayyan-343236774
AU  - Kerry, J.
AU  - Hiney, M.
AU  - Coyne, R.
AU  - NicGabhainn, S.
AU  - Gilroy, D.
AU  - Cazabon, D.
AU  - Smith, P.
DA  - 1995
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)00330-Q
PY  - 1995
SP  - 101-113
ST  - Fish feed as a source of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria in the sediments under fish farms
TI  - Fish feed as a source of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria in the sediments under fish farms
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0001484534&doi=10.1016%2f0044-8486%2894%2900330-Q&partnerID=40&md5=8bd3fbb449caf8ea379c4771325ad7f8
VL  - 131
ID  - 248
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The high level of escapes from Atlantic salmon farms, up to two million fishes per year in the North Atlantic, has raised concern about the potential impact on wild populations. We report on a two-generation experiment examining the estimated lifetime successes, relative to wild natives, of farm, F 1 and F2 hybrids and BC1 backcrosses to wild and farm salmon. Offspring of farm and 'hybrids' (i.e. all F1, F 2 and BC1 groups) showed reduced survival compared with wild salmon but grew faster as juveniles and displaced wild parr, which as a group were significantly smaller. Where suitable habitat for these emigrant parr is absent, this competition would result in reduced wild smolt production. In the experimental conditions, where emigrants survived downstream, the relative estimated lifetime success ranged from 2% (farm) to 89% (BC 1 wild) of that of wild salmon, indicating additive genetic variation for survival. Wild salmon primarily returned to fresh water after one sea winter (1SW) but farm and 'hybrids' produced proportionately more 2SW salmon. However, lower overall survival means that this would result in reduced recruitment despite increased 2SW fecundity. We thus demonstrate that interaction of farm with wild salmon results in lowered fitness, with repeated escapes causing cumulative fitness depression and potentially an extinction vortex in vulnerable populations.
AN  - rayyan-321503514
AU  - McGinnity, P.
AU  - Prodöhl, P.
AU  - Ferguson, A.
AU  - Hynes, R.
AU  - Maoiléidigh, N. Ó
AU  - Baker, N.
AU  - Cotter, D.
DA  - 2003
DO  - doi:doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2520
PY  - 2003
SP  - 2443-2450
ST  - Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon
TI  - Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642413951&doi=10.1098%2frspb.2003.2520&partnerID=40&md5=496649ce0c6ffb2700b0b37b7fd2fc3a
VL  - 270
ID  - 205
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Escaped farmed fish possess heritable characteristics that may give them and their wild-farmed hybrid offspring a competitive advantage over wild fish. Limited research has examined whether the results of wild vs. farmed pairwise behavioural contests can predict the change in fitness-related traits of wild fish when exposed to wild-farmed hybrids, or to different proportions of such hybrids, within stream environments. Pairwise aggression tests on North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) revealed that regional farmed salmon and wild-farmed hybrids (F sub(1), F sub(2), and wild backcrosses) were more competitive than wild fish from two divergent populations. The ranking by which hybrids differed in competitive ability from wild fish also depended on the wild population. However, the magnitude of change in fitness-related traits of wild fish, such as mortality, size, and condition, from the same two populations could not be predicted from pairwise test results when replicate groups of wild fish were exposed to different proportions of hybrids (wild:hybrid ratios of 50:50, 70:30, and 85:15) in semi-natural stream environments. Notably, there was greater mortality of both wild and hybrid fish in treatments containing 30% hybrids for both populations; at a composition of 50% hybrids, the mortality of wild fish in one population increased more than it did in the other. The results suggest that for the life stage examined and provided the rate of farmed intrusion and wild-farmed interbreeding remains low (i.e. less than or equal to 15% hybrids), the effects of competitive interaction with their farmed counterparts may have comparatively little effect on the mortality of wild populations.
AN  - rayyan-321503656
AU  - Houde, Aimee Lee S.
AU  - Fraser, Dylan J.
AU  - Hutchings, Jeffrey A.
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp272
PY  - 2010
SP  - 657-667
ST  - Fitness-related consequences of competitive interactions between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon at different proportional representations of wild-farmed hybrids
TI  - Fitness-related consequences of competitive interactions between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon at different proportional representations of wild-farmed hybrids
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/918064430?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=2cf2Bj733MWgZx5mkUtU%2BEKe2b8%3D
VL  - 67
ID  - 208
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Background: The increase in antibiotic resistance in human-impacted environments, such as coastal waters with aquaculture activity, is related to the widespread use of antibiotics, even at sub-lethal concentrations. In Chile, the world's second largest producer of salmon, aquaculture is considered the main source of antibiotics in coastal waters. In this work, we aimed to characterize the genetic and phenotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities from salmon farms. Methods: Bacterial metagenomes from an intensive aquaculture zone in southern Chile were sequenced, and the composition, abundance and sequence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were analyzed using assembled and raw read data. Total DNA from bacterial communities was used as a template to recover floR gene variants, which were tested by heterologous expression and functional characterization of phenicol resistance. Results: Prediction of ARGs in salmon farm metagenomes using more permissive parameters yielded significantly more results than the default Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software. ARGs grouped into drug classes showed similar abundance profiles to global ocean bacteria. The floR gene was the most abundant phenicol-resistance gene with the lowest gene counts, showing a conserved sequence although with variations from the reference floR. These differences were recovered by RGI prediction and, in greater depth, by mapping reads to the floR sequence using SNP base-calling. These variants were analyzed by heterologous expression, revealing the co-existence of high- and low-resistance sequences in the environmental bacteria. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of combining metagenomic and phenotypic approaches to study the genetic variability in and evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with salmon farms.
AN  - rayyan-321502295
AU  - Ortiz-Severín, Javiera
AU  - Hojas, Iñaki
AU  - Redin, Felipe
AU  - Serón, Ervin
AU  - Santana, Jorge
AU  - Maass, Alejand
DA  - 2025
DO  - doi:doi:10.3390/antibiotics14020122
PY  - 2025
ST  - From metagenomes to functional expression of resistance: floR gene diversity in bacteria from salmon farms
TI  - From metagenomes to functional expression of resistance: floR gene diversity in bacteria from salmon farms
VL  - 14
ID  - 152
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - International migrant workers in European rural regions have supplied rural industries with necessary labour, stimulated the demography of host communities and raised questions about the inclusion of migrants. Using the case of Polish post-accession migrants employed in the farmed salmon industry in rural Norway, the researchers explore the social consequences of changing employment relations in rural industries. By using a temporal perspective, the researchers identify a transition from an inclusive employment regime experienced by the migrants who arrived in the locality within the first years after the EU enlargement in 2004, to an increasingly exploitative, insecure and competitive work environment for recently arrived migrants. The researchers emphasise how employment conditions offered to different 'waves' of migrants affect the ways they perceive their status and value in rural hosting communities. Ultimately, the researchers reflect on the potential long-term consequences of international migration to rural areas.
AN  - rayyan-321501652
AU  - Stachowski, Jakub
AU  - Rasmussen, Bente
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.2478/euco-2021-0015
PY  - 2021
SP  - 565-583
ST  - From valued stayers to working hands? The social consequences of changing employment relations among Polish migrants in farmed salmon industry in rural Norway
TI  - From valued stayers to working hands? The social consequences of changing employment relations among Polish migrants in farmed salmon industry in rural Norway
VL  - 13
ID  - 121
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The bidirectional relationship that aquaculture has with the environment set limits to the growth this economic activity has in Chile. This condition has generated both technical constraints and environmental as well as social conflicts. The growing demand for new chemotherapeutic compounds and their release into aquatic environments is now considered one of the main problems being faced by the salmon industry in Chile. However, little is known about the effects these substances exert on non-target species and on the structure and functioning of exposed ecosystems. Through the application of theory and methods from contemporary ecology, the present work aims at contributing towards the development of a methodology that allows a reduction of the uncertainty level associated to the environmental risk assessment of veterinary products used in aquaculture. The current status of the environmental risk assessment in Chile is revised and those critical aspects feasible to fix are identified, considering the procedures currently in use. Finally, a general methodological approach is proposed that considers a coherent expansion of standard ecotoxicological tests combining research at community, population, and individual levels, with mathematical modeling of ecological systems.
AN  - rayyan-279910326
AU  - Medina, M. H.
AU  - Ramos-Jiliberto, R.
DA  - 2009
DO  - doi:doi:10.4067/S0716-078X2009000300010
PY  - 2009
SP  - 443-457
ST  - Future directions of Chilean ecotoxicology: implications for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary products used in aquaculture
TI  - Future directions of Chilean ecotoxicology: implications for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary products used in aquaculture
VL  - 82
ID  - 72
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This paper, which follows the emergence of the salmon industry in the 1990s in Chiloé, Chile, demonstrates that factors restricting women's participation in labor force and wage differences between women and men are related to the gender systems operating in Chiloe. Results indicate that these systems reflect the territory's demographic and agrarian history and that local gender systems have a positive influence on women's participation in the labor market, though this is not accompanied by decreased salary discrimination in the salmon industry. The implication is that territory-specific and gender factors must be considered in national employment policies. © 2014.
AN  - rayyan-279909364
AU  - Ramírez, E.
AU  - Ruben, R.
DA  - 2015
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.11.003
PY  - 2015
SP  - 96-104
ST  - Gender Systems and Women's Labor Force Participation in the Salmon Industry in Chiloé, Chile
TI  - Gender Systems and Women's Labor Force Participation in the Salmon Industry in Chiloé, Chile
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937832747&doi=10.1016%2fj.worlddev.2014.11.003&partnerID=40&md5=d36af8cbf2549a6613c9816e64f19272
VL  - 73
ID  - 36
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a highly contagious disease of young salmonid fish, and is one of the most serious economic diseases in aquaculture. In Scotland, an increase in IPN virus (IPNV) outbreaks in seawater Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , has been reported in recent years. The aim of this study was to analyse the VP2 gene from recent IPNV isolates from Scotland, to determine whether there are epidemiological links between IPNV isolates from farms (13), wild fish (17) and the environment (6) in order to investigate potential wild and farmed fish interactions. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene revealed that 34 of 36 isolates were 97.1-100% similar and the deduced amino acid sequences showed 97-100% identity. Two isolates from wild fish exhibited the most divergence at 85-87.3% similarity to the other isolates at the nucleotide level and 88.2-90.8% identity at the deduced amino acid level. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that 34 of 36 of the isolates from Scotland were genetically closely related to the A2 (Sp) serotype of IPNV. The two wild isolates from seatrout, Salmo trutta , and flounder, Platichthys flesus , were most closely related to the European A5 (Te) serotype. This study represents a comprehensive IPNV phylogenetic study that indicates that there are closely related or identical isolates in circulation in the marine environment, which adds evidence that disease interactions between wild and farmed fish may occur. This type of analysis is a useful tool in the management and control of fish diseases because it can assist in the identification of epidemiological links and highlight potential risks to aquaculture.
AN  - rayyan-279909988
AU  - Bain, N.
AU  - Gregory, A.
AU  - Raynard, R. S.
DA  - 2008
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00864.x
PY  - 2008
SP  - 37
ST  - Genetic analysis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from Scotland
TI  - Genetic analysis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from Scotland
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/205477964?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=rVHzoqCPoZ2Wil%2BR0qjECkfPT5U%3D
VL  - 31
ID  - 59
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Cultured salmonids are released or escape into the wild in large numbers and may make up significant proportions of wild salmonid populations in fresh- and saltwater, causing considerable concern for the fitness and productivity of these populations. This paper focuses on the effects of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) on wild salmon. Farmed salmon have been under artificial selection for growth and other economically important traits for 30 years and are genetically different in their origin at the molecular and quantitative genetic levels. Escaped farmed salmon spawn in the wild with limited success. Their offspring outgrow those of wild origin but suffer higher mortality. Whole-river experiments in Ireland and Norway have shown that the lifetime success of farmed salmon is reduced relative to wild salmon. Based on data from these experiments, we model the future of wild salmon populations experiencing invasions of escaped farmed salmon. Simulations with a fixed intrusion rate of 20% escaped farmed salmon at spawning suggest that substantial changes take place in wild salmon populations within ten salmon generations (∼40 years). Low-invasion scenarios suggest that farmed offspring are unlikely to become established in the population, whereas high-invasion scenarios suggest that populations are eventually mixtures of hybrid and farmed descendants. Recovery of the wild population is not likely under all circumstances, even after many decades without further intrusion. Managers of wild salmon will have difficulty in obtaining broodstock of the original wild population after a few generations of high intrusion. We conclude that further measures to reduce escapes of farmed salmon and their spawning in wild populations are urgently needed.
AN  - rayyan-343236547
AU  - Hindar, K.
AU  - Fleming, I. A.
AU  - McGinnity, P.
AU  - Diserud, O.
AU  - Hutchinson, P.
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.025
PY  - 2006
SP  - 1234-1247
ST  - Genetic and ecological effects of salmon farming on wild salmon: modelling from experimental results
TI  - Genetic and ecological effects of salmon farming on wild salmon: modelling from experimental results
VL  - 63
ID  - 239
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Gene flow between wild and domestic populations has been repeatedly demonstrated across a diverse range of taxa. Ultimately, the genetic impacts of gene flow from domestic into wild populations depend both on the degree of domestication and the original source of the domesticated population. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, used in North American aquaculture are ostensibly of North American origin. However, evidence of European introgression into North American aquaculture salmon has accumulated in recent decades, even though the use of diploid European salmon has never been approved in Canada. The full extent of such introgression as well as the potential impacts on wild salmon in the Northwest Atlantic remains uncertain. Here, we extend previous work comparing North American and European wild salmon (n = 5799) using a 220 K SNP array to quantify levels of recent European introgression into samples of domestic salmon, aquaculture escapees, and wild salmon collected throughout Atlantic Canada. Analysis of North American farmed salmon (n = 403) and escapees (n = 289) displayed significantly elevated levels of European ancestry by comparison with wild individuals (p < 0.001). Of North American farmed salmon sampled between 2011 and 2018, ~17% had more than 10% European ancestry and several individuals exceeded 40% European ancestry. Samples of escaped farmed salmon similarly displayed elevated levels of European ancestry, with two individuals classified as 100% European. Analysis of juvenile salmon collected in rivers proximate to aquaculture locations also revealed evidence of elevated European ancestry and larger admixture tract in comparison to individuals collected at distance from aquaculture. Overall, our results demonstrate that even though diploid European salmon have never been approved for use in Canada, individuals of full and partial European ancestry have been in use over the last decade, and that some of these individuals have escaped and hybridized in the wild.
AN  - rayyan-343236231
AU  - Bradbury, Ian R.
AU  - Lehnert, Sarah Jean
AU  - Kess, Tony
AU  - van Wyngaarden, Mallory
AU  - Duffy, Steven
AU  - Messme
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/eva.13454
PY  - 2022
SP  - 1436-1448
ST  - Genomic evidence of recent European introgression into North American farmed and wild Atlantic salmon
TI  - Genomic evidence of recent European introgression into North American farmed and wild Atlantic salmon
VL  - 15
ID  - 231
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This study surveyed conditions in the gills of wild marine fish in Tasmania to determine potential interactions between wild and cultured fish. Wild marine fish of 12 species were captured from three Atlantic salmon farm sites and three reference sites around Tasmania. The survey concentrated on three species, red cod, Pseudophycis bachus, sand flathead, Platycephalus bassensis, and jack mackerel, Trachurus declivus. Seventy-six per cent of salmon pens contained wild fish species. The number of species found in a pen ranged from one to nine and the number of individuals ranged from one to 23. Trichodinids were prevalent and occurred on seven of the 13 species examined. Trichodina occurred on the gills of all but one specimen of red cod. Monogenean gill flukes were observed on all three major species sampled and were abundant on sand flathead. Other parasites and conditions observed in the survey included metacercariae of digenean trematodes, epitheliocystis and cysts of unknown origin. Infestations of trichodinids on red cod and monogenean gill flukes on sand flathead were significantly more intense at farm sites than at reference sites. Atlantic salmon sampled at the same time from the farms were only affected by amoebic gill disease and isopods.
AN  - rayyan-279909513
AU  - Nowak, B. F.
AU  - Dawson, D.
AU  - Basson, L.
AU  - Deveney, M.
AU  - Powell, M. D.
DA  - 2004
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00593.x
PY  - 2004
SP  - 709-717
ST  - Gill histopathology of wild marine fish in Tasmania: potential interactions with gill health of cultured Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L
TI  - Gill histopathology of wild marine fish in Tasmania: potential interactions with gill health of cultured Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/17573445?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=GWg08qTwyPtN7s%2BZwKJ2frmFhRM%3D
VL  - 27
ID  - 42
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-279910035
AU  - Lindland, Kristiane Marie Fjær
AU  - Gjerstad, Brita
AU  - Krøvel, Anne Vatland
AU  - Ravagnan, Elisa
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104827
PY  - 2019
SP  - 104827
ST  - Governing for sustainability in the Norwegian aquaculture industry
TI  - Governing for sustainability in the Norwegian aquaculture industry
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569118307385
VL  - 179
ID  - 62
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Use of fast‐growing domesticated and/or genetically modified strains of fish is becoming increasingly common in aquaculture, increasing the likelihood of deliberate or accidental introductions into the wild. To date, their ecological impacts on ecosystems remain to be quantified. Here, using a controlled phenotype manipulation by implanting growth hormone in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), we found that growth‐enhanced fish display changes in several phenotypic traits known to be important for ecosystem functioning, such as habitat use, morphology and excretion rate. Furthermore, these phenotypic changes were associated with significant impacts on the invertebrate community and key stream ecosystem functions such as primary production and leaf‐litter decomposition. These findings provide novel evidence that introductions of growth‐enhanced fish into the wild can affect the functioning of natural ecosystems and represent a form of intraspecific invasion. Consequently, environmental impact assessments of growth‐enhanced organisms need to explicitly consider ecosystem‐level effects.
AN  - rayyan-321503388
AU  - Cucherousset, Julien
AU  - Line, E. Sundt‐Hansen
AU  - Buoro, Mathieu
AU  - Závorka, Libor
AU  - Lassus, Rémy
AU  - Bækkel
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14904
PY  - 2021
SP  - 1978-1989
ST  - Growth‐enhanced salmon modify stream ecosystem functioning
TI  - Growth‐enhanced salmon modify stream ecosystem functioning
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2612897680?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=Jatqurm1h86Y9ecWtWsibZYJDbk%3D
VL  - 99
ID  - 193
ER  - 

TY  - THES
AN  - rayyan-423824798
AU  - Sajanthan, Linoja
DA  - 2025
DO  - doi:
PB  - University of British Columbia
PY  - 2025
ST  - The hidden costs of aquaculture: impacts on wild Pacific salmon in British Columbia
TI  - The hidden costs of aquaculture: impacts on wild Pacific salmon in British Columbia
ID  - 313
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Due to the rise in aquaculture production, a global increase in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Systems (IMTA) combining species and optimizing niches is expected to mitigate environmental impacts. However, these facilities are currently composed of plastic materials that can directly or indirectly be released into the marine environment and become available for reared species such as fish and mussels. This study aims to contribute to the quantification of plastics from IMTA systems with a holistic approach. For this purpose, we evaluated plastic ingestion in two edible species (Sparus aurata and Mytilus galloprovincialis) from sea-based experimental aquaculture facilities in Mallorca, as well as plastic loads in the surrounding surface waters. Plastics were observed at the IMTA system in 33% of Sparus aurata samples, 94% of Mytilus galloprovincialis samples, and 100% of sea surface water samples. Plastic ingestion was approximately twice as high in filter feeder mussels as in fish. Additionally, the type and composition of ingested particles differed between species; fish ingested up to 70% films and filaments of HDPE and LDPE, while mussels ingested 97% fibers composed of cellulose acetate. Our results suggest that bioindicator species such as S. aurata and M. galloprovincialis should be included in monitoring programs of aquaculture facilities to better understand the fate of plastics derived from these practices.
AN  - rayyan-321502342
AU  - Alomar, Carme
AU  - Compa, Montserrat
AU  - Sanz-Martín, Marina
AU  - Fagiano, Valentina
AU  - Álvarez, Elvira
AU  - María
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738666
PY  - 2022
ST  - A holistic approach to plastic pollution in integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture facilities: plastic ingestion in Sparus aurata and Mytilus galloprovincialis
TI  - A holistic approach to plastic pollution in integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture facilities: plastic ingestion in Sparus aurata and Mytilus galloprovincialis
VL  - 561
ID  - 155
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Ecology and genetics can influence the fate of individuals and populations in multiple ways. However, to date, few studies consider them when modelling the evolutionary trajectory of populations faced with admixture with non-local populations. For the Atlantic salmon, a model incorporating these elements is urgently needed because many populations are challenged with gene-flow from non-local and domesticated conspecifics. We developed an Individual-Based Salmon Eco-genetic Model (IBSEM) to simulate the demographic and population genetic change of an Atlantic salmon population through its entire life-cycle. Processes such as growth, mortality, and maturation are simulated through stochastic procedures, which take into account environmental variables as well as the genotype of the individuals. IBSEM is based upon detailed empirical data from salmon biology, and parameterized to reproduce the environmental conditions and the characteristics of a wild population inhabiting a Norwegian river. Simulations demonstrated that the model consistently and reliably reproduces the characteristics of the population. Moreover, in absence of farmed escapees, the modelled populations reach an evolutionary equilibrium that is similar to our definition of a 'wild' genotype. We assessed the sensitivity of the model in the face of assumptions made on the fitness differences between farm and wild salmon, and evaluated the role of straying as a buffering mechanism against the intrusion of farm genes into wild populations. These results demonstrate that IBSEM is able to capture the evolutionary forces shaping the life history of wild salmon and is therefore able to model the response of populations under environmental and genetic stressors. Copyright: © 2015 Castellani et al.
AN  - rayyan-279909346
AU  - Castellani, M.
AU  - Heino, M.
AU  - Gilbey, J.
AU  - Araki, H.
AU  - Svåsand, T.
AU  - Glover, K. A.
DA  - 2015
DO  - doi:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138444
PY  - 2015
ST  - IBSEM: An individual-based atlantic salmon population model
TI  - IBSEM: An individual-based atlantic salmon population model
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946593870&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0138444&partnerID=40&md5=01a18a01bb4047740af71485ae6a16af
VL  - 10
ID  - 34
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Salmon farming has become a controversial topic, with public opposition and conflicts challenging the sustainability of the sector. As a result, a deeper understanding of public perceptions and factors influencing opinions becomes critical for developing sustainable and socially acceptable aquaculture. Based on previous social acceptance literature, this research aimed to investigate the influence of potential motivators on opinion towards salmon aquaculture. In a case study of rural and urban Nova Scotians, 495 people provided their perceptions of salmon aquaculture. Moreover, geographical factors, socio-demographics, and contextual factors were investigated. Geographic differences in factors and attitudes across urban and rural groups suggest an important mediating influence of residence type (urban and rural) on opinion. Ordinal regression analysis found that opinion was primarily influenced by individual characteristics and perceptual variables, i.e., age, environmental value orientation, salmon consumption patterns, perception of risks, and trust in government. Of minor importance were exposure and knowledge of salmon farming. The model indicates respondents who are older, have strong relational values with the ocean, high perception of risks and are distrustful of government are more likely to express negative attitudes towards aquaculture. This study emphasizes the need to recognize that opinion is nuanced, and deeply socially situated, based not only on individual trade-offs between economic benefits and environmental risks, but also on environmental values and relationships and trust regarding how aquaculture is managed. Further, this study highlights the importance of building public trust with decision-makers, along with continued mitigation of risks, in fostering more socially acceptable salmon aquaculture. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
AN  - rayyan-343236602
AU  - Weitzman, J.
AU  - Filgueira, R.
AU  - Grant, J.
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105175
PY  - 2022
ST  - Identifying key factors driving public opinion of salmon aquaculture
TI  - Identifying key factors driving public opinion of salmon aquaculture
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132224298&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpol.2022.105175&partnerID=40&md5=6069a6bbc28d6cb303020653b1584ea6
VL  - 143
ID  - 242
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The Bay of Fundy along the southwest coast of New Brunswick, Canada is one of the most densely stocked finfish aquaculture areas in the world. An inshore multi-species fishery that dates back to the earliest European settlement shares these waters, and has been the economic mainstay of coastal communities. These inshore fishermen are increasingly displaced by the expanding aquaculture industry. A recent study conducted among fishermen in Southwest New Brunswick recorded their observations about the environmental impact of finfish aquaculture and the consequences for their commercial fishery. Fishermen all reported significant environmental degradation around aquaculture sites. Within 2 years of an operation being established, fishermen reported that gravid female lobsters as well as herring avoid the area, scallop and sea urchin shells become brittle, scallop meat and sea urchin roe becomes discolored. The use of chemicals to control sea lice on farmed salmon has also caused lobster, crab and shrimp kills. These and other concerns suggest that more comprehensive and detailed studies are required to establish the environmental and economic interactions of aquaculture and the inshore fishery, as well as on the stocks on which that fishery rely. The study also points to the need for more effective use of fishermen's knowledge in designing such studies.
AN  - rayyan-343238047
AU  - Wiber, Melanie Gay
AU  - Young, Sheena
AU  - Wilson, Lisette
DA  - 2012
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-011-9450-7
PY  - 2012
SP  - 29-40
ST  - Impact of Aquaculture on Commercial Fisheries: Fishermen's Local Ecological Knowledge
TI  - Impact of Aquaculture on Commercial Fisheries: Fishermen's Local Ecological Knowledge
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/968173944?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=ndA32s12e2jPW%2FH05mx6hJjeDK8%3D
VL  - 40
ID  - 289
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In Scotland, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar cages are being moved out of areas with slow water movements, to disperse wastes and reduce impacts on benthic communities. This first study of the effects of fish farms on maerl beds (red algal coralline gravels of high conservation importance) demonstrated major impacts on the benthos, even in strongly tidal areas. SCUBA surveys of 3 fish farms located over maerl revealed a build-up of waste organic matter and 10 to 100-fold higher abundances of scavenging fauna (e.g. Necora puber, Pagurus bernhardus) than on 6 reference maerl beds. Visible waste was noted up to 100 m from cage edges, and all 3 farms caused significant reductions in live maerl cover, upon which this habitat depends. Near-cage infaunal samples showed significant reductions in biodiversity, with small Crustacea (ostracods, isopods, tanaids and cumaceans) being particularly impoverished in the vicinity of cages, and significant increases in the abundance of species tolerant of organic enrichment (e.g. Capitella spp. complex, Ophryotrocha hartmanni). Relocation of fish farms to areas with strong currents is unlikely to prevent detrimental effects to the structure and organisation of the benthos, and 'fallowing' (whereby sites are left unstocked for a period of time to allow benthic recovery) is inadvisable where slow-growing biogenic habitats such as maerl are concerned, as this may expand the area impacted.
AN  - rayyan-343236553
AU  - Hall-Spencer, Jason
AU  - White, Nicola
AU  - Gillespie, Ewan
AU  - Gillham, Katie
AU  - Foggo, Andy
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2006
SP  - 1-9
ST  - Impact of fish farms on maerl beds in strongly tidal areas
TI  - Impact of fish farms on maerl beds in strongly tidal areas
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/19737627?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=yr6ruoRJNrAxLejUYKJ4grF8doE%3D
VL  - 326
ID  - 241
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - ABSTRACTWrasse (Labridae) fisheries have increased markedly in Norway since 2010. Wrasse are being used as cleaner fish in salmonid aquaculture to control sea-lice infestations. However, fundamental knowledge on the demography and abundance of the targeted wrasse populations in Norwegian waters is lacking, and the consequences of harvesting at the current intensity have not been assessed. Here, we compared catch per unit effort (CPUE), size, age and sex ratio of goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris) and corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) between marine protected areas (MPAs) and control areas open for fishing at four localities on the Skagerrak coast in Southern Norway. The CPUE of goldsinny larger than the minimum size limit was 33–65% higher within MPAs, while for corkwing three of four MPAs had higher CPUE with the relative difference between MPAs and control areas ranging from −16% to 92%. Moreover, corkwing, but not goldsinny, was significantly older and larger within MPAs than in control areas. S...
AN  - rayyan-321503183
AU  - Halvorsen, Kim Aleksander Tallaksen
AU  - Larsen, Torkel
AU  - Sørdalen, Tonje Knutsen
AU  - Vøllestad, Leif Asb
DA  - 2017
DO  - doi:doi:10.1080/17451000.2016.1262042
PY  - 2017
SP  - 359-369
ST  - Impact of harvesting cleaner fish for salmonid aquaculture assessed from replicated coastal marine protected areas
TI  - Impact of harvesting cleaner fish for salmonid aquaculture assessed from replicated coastal marine protected areas
UR  - https://openchannels.org/literature/1455227728
VL  - 13
ID  - 183
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Aquaculture plays a major role in the coastal economy of the Mediterranean Sea. This raises the issue of the impact of fish cages on the surrounding environment. Here, we explore the impact of aquaculture on the composition of the digestive gland microbiome of a representative locally dwelling wild holobiont, the grazer gastropod Patella caerulea, at an aquaculture facility located in Southern Sicily, Italy. The microbiome was assessed in individuals collected on sea bream aquaculture cages and on a rocky coastal tract located about 1.2 km from the cages, as the control site. Patella caerulea microbiome variations were explained in the broad marine metacommunity context, assessing the water and sediment microbiome composition at both sites, and characterizing the microbiome associated with the farmed sea bream. The P. caerulea digestive gland microbiome at the aquaculture site was characterized by a lower diversity, the loss of microorganisms sensitive to heavy metal contamination, and by the acquisition of fish pathogens and parasites. However, we also observed possible adaptive responses of the P. caerulea digestive gland microbiome at the aquaculture site, including the acquisition of putative bacteria able to deal with metal and sulfide accumulation, highlighting the inherent microbiome potential to drive the host acclimation to stressful conditions.
AN  - rayyan-343236131
AU  - Palladino, Giorgia
AU  - Rampelli, Simone
AU  - Scicchitano, Daniel
AU  - Musella, Margherita
AU  - Quero, Grazia Mar
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020455
PY  - 2021
ST  - Impact of marine aquaculture on the microbiome associated with nearby holobionts: the case of Patella caerulea living in proximity of sea bream aquaculture cages
TI  - Impact of marine aquaculture on the microbiome associated with nearby holobionts: the case of Patella caerulea living in proximity of sea bream aquaculture cages
VL  - 9
ID  - 228
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Intensive cage aquaculture generates considerable quantities of waste, including both particulate uneaten feed, fish faeces and soluble excretory products. These wastes can have undesirable impacts on the local environment, depending on the amounts released, the time-scale over which the releases take place, and the assimilation capacity and flushing ability of the local recipient water body. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the effects of mariculture activities (Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata) located in the Alghero Bay (Sardinia, Italy; western Mediterranean) on the benthic ecosystem. The analysis of organic fraction, carbonate, inorganic residue and macrofauna abundance (species/m super(2), individuals/m super(2), Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson's Index and evenness) in sediment samples (inside and outside of the mariculture area) show a local effect on the benthic ecosystem under the cages position. Therefore, two control samples, positioned towards the major current direction, are similar to all samples located under the fish farm, a sing of wider effect of the aquaculture activity.
AN  - rayyan-343236414
AU  - Brambilla, F.
AU  - Pais, A.
AU  - Forchino, A.
AU  - Serra, S.
AU  - Antonini, M.
AU  - Terova, G.
AU  - Saroglia, M.
DA  - 2008
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2008
SP  - 81-84
ST  - Impact of off-shore mariculture activities on the benthic ecosystem: a case study in progress at a Sardinian fish farm (Alghero Bay)
TI  - Impact of off-shore mariculture activities on the benthic ecosystem: a case study in progress at a Sardinian fish farm (Alghero Bay)
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1171899470?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=nLzlM34gzjOIJEEaiyoTVBM20h4%3D
VL  - 15
ID  - 234
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The parasitic copepod salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is cause of concern for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture due to economic losses, ecological impacts and negative influence on public opinion. Sea lice could spread between farms and from farmed to wild salmon. It is fundamental to understand susceptibility to L. salmonis within wild and farmed populations, to manage possible wild-farmed interactions. Two distinct wild salmon populations from rivers adjacent to aquaculture operations (Garnish and Conne River, Newfoundland, Canada) and one farmed population were challenged with L. salmonis. Skin samples of non-infested, low-infested (≤7 lice) and high-infested salmon (≥17 lice) from each population were analyzed by qPCR for the expression of 20 immune-relevant genes. Wild and farmed infested salmon presented dose-responsive up-regulation of key immune-relevant genes (HAMP, CTL-A, LECT2). The wild populations showed a different basal skin transcript profile for CAMP2, IL8 (down-regulated), IgT, GAPDH, iNOS, and CD8a (up-regulated) compared to the farmed population. This may highlight a discrepancy in both innate and adaptive (local and systemic) immune system function between wild and farmed salmon.
AN  - rayyan-321501760
AU  - Gallardi, D.
AU  - Xue Xi, Xue Xi
AU  - Hamoutene, D.
AU  - Lush, L.
AU  - Rise, M. L.
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.09.036
PY  - 2019
SP  - 306-315
ST  - Impact of origin (wild vs. farmed) and sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation on expression of immune-relevant genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) skin
TI  - Impact of origin (wild vs. farmed) and sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation on expression of immune-relevant genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) skin
VL  - 499
ID  - 126
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Background: Aquaculture and salmon farming can cause environmental problems due to the pollution of the surrounding waters with nutrients, solid wastes and chemicals, such as antibiotics, which are used for disease control in the aquaculture facilities. Increasing antibiotic resistance in human-impacted environments, such as coastal waters with aquaculture activity, is linked to the widespread use of antibiotics, even at sub-lethal concentrations. In Chile, the world's second largest producer of salmon, aquaculture is considered the primary source of antibiotics residues in the coastal waters of northern Patagonia. Here, we evaluated whether the structure and diversity of marine bacterial community, the richness of antibiotic resistance bacteria and the frequency of antibiotic resistance genes increase in communities from the surface seawater of an area with salmon farming activities, in comparison with communities from an area without major anthropogenic disturbance. Results: The taxonomic structure of bacterial community was significantly different between areas with and without aquaculture production. Growth of the culturable fraction under controlled laboratory conditions showed that, in comparison with the undisturbed area, the bacterial community from salmon farms displayed a higher frequency of colonies resistant to the antibiotics used by the salmon industry. A higher adaptation to antibiotics was revealed by a greater proportion of multi-resistant bacteria isolated from the surface seawater of the salmon farming area. Furthermore, metagenomics data revealed a significant higher abundance of antibiotic resistant genes conferring resistance to 11 antibiotic families in the community from salmon farms, indicating that the proportion of bacteria carrying the resistance determinants was overall higher in salmon farms than in the undisturbed site. Conclusions: Our results revealed an association between bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance from surface seawater of a coastal area of Chile. Although the total bacterial community may appear comparable between sites, the cultivation technique allowed to expose a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the salmon farming area. Moreover, we demonstrated that metagenomics (culture-independent) and phenotypic (culture-dependent) methods are complementary to evaluate the bacterial communities’ risk for antibiotic resistance, and that a human—influenced environment (such as salmon farms) can potentiate bacteria to adapt to environmental stresses, such as antibiotics. © The Author(s) 2024.
AN  - rayyan-279911485
AU  - Ortiz-Severín, J.
AU  - Hodar, C.
AU  - Stuardo, C.
AU  - Aguado-Norese, C.
AU  - Maza, F.
AU  - González, M.
AU  - Cambiazo, V.
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.1186/s40659-024-00556-4
PY  - 2024
ST  - Impact of salmon farming in the antibiotic resistance and structure of marine bacterial communities from surface seawater of a northern Patagonian area of Chile
TI  - Impact of salmon farming in the antibiotic resistance and structure of marine bacterial communities from surface seawater of a northern Patagonian area of Chile
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85209476065&doi=10.1186%2fs40659-024-00556-4&partnerID=40&md5=2d74947a8f9c213eabb863cadf257f67
VL  - 57
ID  - 103
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In recent years, the salmon farming industry has grown significantly worldwide, and in the Faroe Islands, it has become a major industry with an annual production of over 94,000 tonnes, yielding 24% of the GDP. According to environmental regulations, the ocean floor is monitored during every production cycle at all farming sites, involving macrofaunal, sensory, and chemical analyses. However, the impact of farming activity on microorganisms in the Faroe Islands remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the impact of Atlantic salmon farming on benthic microbial communities, giving a better understanding of the effects on the foundation of the benthic food web and to assess if these are more prone to environmental impact than traditional macrofaunal biomonitoring. Sediment cores were sampled along a transect from directly below the salmon cages to a background reference site. The sampling occurred prior to the release of salmon into the cages (‘before stocking’) and immediately before the salmon were harvested (‘peak biomass’). The 16S rRNA (V4-V5) gene was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq from our sediment samples at the surface, 3 cm, and 10 cm depth. Significant shifts in microbial community composition were observed between ‘before stocking’ and ‘peak biomass’, as well as between different depth layers. Microbial diversity increased with increasing distance from the cages and was at its highest ‘before stocking’, indicating a significant impact of the salmon farming on the microbial community structure. In contrast to the regularly executed environmental monitoring, the results from this study showed an impact on the sediments by the salmon farming, underlining the powerful alternative of DNA-metabarcoding when biomonitoring an aquaculture area. Copyright © 2024 Johansen, Mikalsen, Magnussen, Patursson, á Norði and Djurhuus.
AN  - rayyan-321503010
AU  - Johansen, B. O.
AU  - Mikalsen, S. O.
AU  - Magnussen, E.
AU  - Patursson, E. J.
AU  - á Norði, G.
AU  - Djurhuus, A.
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1266410
PY  - 2024
ST  - Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle
TI  - Impacts on microbial communities in sediments by aquaculture farming during one salmon cycle
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85201816601&doi=10.3389%2ffmars.2024.1266410&partnerID=40&md5=2410984d9113e00c68ca59ce67e92b56
VL  - 11
ID  - 176
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In areas with high densities of salmon farming, spillover of the ectoparasitic salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis poses a major threat to wild anadromous salmonids. By combining experimentally salmon louse infestation (mean ± standard deviation = 0.25 ± 0.25 lice g−1 fish) with acoustic telemetry, we studied the behavior of wild first-time migrating sea trout Salmo trutta (n = 58, fork length = 138–204 mm) from late June to September in a marine area with naturally low infestation pressure. We observed that a similar proportion of sea trout from the control and exposed groups returned to fresh water both temporarily and permanently. However, sea trout from the control group spent nearly twice the amount of time in the fjord before first freshwater detection compared to exposed individuals (32 vs. 17 days), and statistical models indicated a dose–response of louse burden on the timing of freshwater return. This effect was combined with evidence of negative impacts of salmon louse burden on overall marine residency. Sea trout predominantly utilized waters within their natal fjord during the marine migration, with exposed fish spending significantly more time close to their home river than sea trout from the control group. In summary, the behavioral modifications caused by salmon lice could reduce individual marine growth, increase long-term mortality, and ultimately harm recruitment at the population level. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Fish Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
AN  - rayyan-279909416
AU  - Strøm, J. F.
AU  - Nilsen, R.
AU  - Bøhn, T.
AU  - Serra-Llinares, R. M.
AU  - Skarðhamar, J.
AU  - Karlsen, Ø
AU  - Bjørn, P. A.
DA  - 2025
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/jfb.15993
PY  - 2025
SP  - 1083-1094
ST  - In situ infestation of sea trout Salmo trutta with salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis reveals parasite-induced behavioral modifications
TI  - In situ infestation of sea trout Salmo trutta with salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis reveals parasite-induced behavioral modifications
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105004041841&doi=10.1111%2fjfb.15993&partnerID=40&md5=5c170126a178e08618d2a613a6aac16e
VL  - 106
ID  - 39
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Run timing of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar vs. wild fish was compared by the use of video camera surveillance in 15 rivers over several years, covering 1600 km of the Norwegian coastline (from 58°N to 69°N). Annual runs of wild salmon varied among rivers from <200 fish to more than 10 000. During the surveillance period that for most rivers extended from late May to early October, larger-sized salmon (fish ≥ 65 cm) generally entered the rivers earlier than small fish. The percentage of salmon identified as escaped farmed fish ranged from 0.1% to 17% across rivers with an average of 4.3%. Estimates of escapees are, however, assumed to represent minimum values because an unknown number of farmed fish passing the video cameras may have been misclassified as wild fish. By the use of a linear mixed model and generalised additive mixed models, it was found that the relationship between run timing and fish length differed significantly between farmed and wild salmon. While small-sized farmed and wild fish (<65 cm) entered the river at about the same time, wild large salmon returned on average 1–2 weeks earlier than similarly sized escapees. The proportion of large-sized farmed escapees also increased until late August and decreased thereafter. In contrast, there was a relatively constant and lower proportion of small-sized escapees throughout the season. Within the surveillance period, there was no evidence of any exceptionally late runs of fish classified as escaped farmed salmon.
AN  - rayyan-321501938
AU  - Svenning, Martin- A.
AU  - Lamberg, Anders
AU  - Dempson, Brian
AU  - Strand, Rita
AU  - Hanssen, Øyvind Kanstad
AU  - Fau
DA  - 2016
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/eff.12280
PY  - 2016
SP  - 360-370
ST  - Incidence and timing of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norwegian rivers inferred from video surveillance monitoring
TI  - Incidence and timing of wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norwegian rivers inferred from video surveillance monitoring
UR  - https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/5874320
VL  - 26
ID  - 135
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Understanding migratory patterns is important for predicting and mitigating unwanted consequences of environmental change or anthropogenic challenges on vulnerable species. Wild Atlantic salmon undergo challenging migrations between freshwater and marine environments, and the numbers of salmon returning to their natal rivers to reproduce have declined over several decades. Mortality from sea lice linked to fish farms within their seaward migration routes is proposed as a contributing factor to these declines. Here, we used 31 microsatellite markers to establish a genetic baseline for the main rivers in the Hardangerfjord, western Norway. Mixed stock analysis was used to assign Atlantic salmon post-smolts caught in trawls in 2013–2017 back to regional reporting units. Analyses demonstrated that individuals originating from rivers located in the inner region of the fjord arrived at the outer fjord later than individuals from middle and outer fjord rivers. Therefore, as post-smolts originating from inner rivers also have to migrate longer distances to exit the fjord, these data suggest that inner fjord populations are more likely to be at risk of mortality through aquaculture-produced sea lice, and other natural factors such as predation, than middle or outer fjord populations with earlier exit times and shorter journeys. These results will be used to calibrate models estimating mortality from sea lice on wild salmon for the regulation of the Norwegian aquaculture industry. © 2019 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
AN  - rayyan-279910501
AU  - Harvey, A. C.
AU  - Quintela, M.
AU  - Glover, K. A.
AU  - Karlsen, Ø
AU  - Nilsen, R.
AU  - Skaala, Ø
AU  - Sægrov, H.
AU  - Kålås
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:10.1098/rsos.190426
PY  - 2019
ST  - Inferring Atlantic salmon post-smolt migration patterns using genetic assignment
TI  - Inferring Atlantic salmon post-smolt migration patterns using genetic assignment
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074734407&doi=10.1098%2frsos.190426&partnerID=40&md5=10a536b220487ee90643b63ab0ed1910
VL  - 6
ID  - 77
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Spatiotemporal patterns of distribution of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and sea bream, Sparus aurata, and their influence on artisanal fisheries are explored before and after an escape event that released 1.5 million fish into the wild off La Palma (Canary Islands). Data were collected by in situ visual census and first sale data as a proxy of artisanal fisheries landings. Permutational anova of escapee abundances in shallow coastal habitats revealed consistent spatial patterns that linked densities of these fish to distance from escape point, whereas temporal patterns were related to a higher biomass released during winter. A nearby marine protected area did not show different densities of escaped fish. Local artisanal fleet catches accurately reflected the massive escape event and offer the main contingency force to mitigate the potential negative effects of massive escape events over shallow coastal habitats.
AN  - rayyan-279910240
AU  - Toledo-Guedes, Kilian
AU  - Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo
AU  - Brito, Alberto
DA  - 2013
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/fme.12059
PY  - 2013
SP  - 113-121
ST  - Influence of a massive aquaculture escape event on artisanal fisheries
TI  - Influence of a massive aquaculture escape event on artisanal fisheries
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/fme.12059
VL  - 21
ID  - 69
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-321502821
AU  - Shea, Dylan Wesley Z.
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2022
ST  - The Influence of Aquaculture on Marine Microbiota and Pathogen Communities in a British Columbia Coastal Ecosystem
TI  - The Influence of Aquaculture on Marine Microbiota and Pathogen Communities in a British Columbia Coastal Ecosystem
ID  - 170
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - A total of 230 anadromous Salmo trutta (brown trout) were sampled in five sheltered coastal fjords (or sea lochs) on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, U.K., in 2016 at varying distances from active Atlantic salmon Salmo salar farms. Statistical models were developed to investigate potential correlations between salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis burdens on S. trutta hosts and their proximity to S. salar farm cages. Significant correlations were found between lice burdens and fish fork length and proximity to the nearest S. salar farm. The probability of the presence of L. salmonis on fish hosts increased with fish host size and with distance from the nearest S. salar farm, but total lice burdens were highest in fish sampled near S. salar farms and decreased with distance. The proportion of different life‐cycle stages of L. salmonis were also dependent on S. salar farm proximity, with higher juvenile lice numbers recorded at sites near S. salar farm cages. These results highlight the complexity of the relationship between S. trutta and L. salmonis infections on wild fish and emphasise the requirement of further research to quantify these effects to better inform conservation and management strategies, particularly in areas of active S. salar farm facilities.
AN  - rayyan-321503676
AU  - Moore, Isabel
AU  - Dodd, Jennifer A.
AU  - Newton, Matthew
AU  - Bean, Colin W.
AU  - Lindsay, I.
AU  - Jarosz, P.
AU  - Adams
DA  - 2018
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/jfb.13625
PY  - 2018
SP  - 1849-1865
ST  - The influence of aquaculture unit proximity on the pattern of Lepeophtheirus salmonis infection of anadromous Salmo trutta populations on the isle of Skye, Scotland
TI  - The influence of aquaculture unit proximity on the pattern of Lepeophtheirus salmonis infection of anadromous Salmo trutta populations on the isle of Skye, Scotland
UR  - https://core.ac.uk/display/154430439
VL  - 92
ID  - 209
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Aquaculture is an extremely valuable and rapidly expanding sector worldwide, but concerns exist related to environmental sustainability. The sediment below aquaculture farms receives inputs of antimicrobials, metal-containing products, and organic matter from uneaten food and fecal material. These inputs impact the surrounding marine microbial communities in complex ways; however, functional diversity shifts related to taxonomic composition remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of pollution from marine fish farms on sediment bacterial communities. We compared the bacterial communities and functional bacterial diversity in surface sediments at salmon aquaculture and reference sites in Chiloé, southern Chile, using Roche 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and the predictive metagenomics approach (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States, PICRUSt). Bacterial diversity, measured as the inverse Simpson index, was significantly lower at aquaculture than at reference sites, while species richness, based on Chao's estimator, was not significantly different. Nevertheless, community composition differed significantly between reference and aquaculture sites. We found that Gammaproteobacteria and several taxa involved in remediating metal contamination and known to have antimicrobial resistances were enriched at aquaculture sites. However, PICRUSt predicted functions indicated a degree of functional redundancy between sites, whereas taxonomic-functional relationships indicated differences in the functional traits of specific taxa at aquaculture sites. This study provides a first step in understanding the bacterial community structure and functional changes due to Chilean salmon aquaculture and has direct implications for using bacterial shifts as indicators of aquaculture perturbations.
AN  - rayyan-343238359
AU  - Hornick, K. M.
AU  - Buschmann, A. H.
DA  - 2018
DO  - doi:doi:10.1007/s13213-017-1317-8
PY  - 2018
SP  - 63-77
ST  - Insights into the diversity and metabolic function of bacterial communities in sediments from Chilean salmon aquaculture sites
TI  - Insights into the diversity and metabolic function of bacterial communities in sediments from Chilean salmon aquaculture sites
VL  - 68
ID  - 299
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In 1998, a new fish farm with a planned capacity of 240,000 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) commenced operations in Passamaquoddy Bay. Presented here are interfacial geochemical results (Eh sub(NHE) and S super(=)) over an 18-mo period which spanned the first production cycle at the farm. Six locations within similar to 150 m of the salmon cages were sampled on 14 occasions. The results are interpreted on a seasonal basis, with a new understanding of the limitations of redox potential monitoring (Wildish et al. 2004). Total sulfide reached a median of 11,500 and range of 2,100 to 22,000 mu M at all six locations by the end of the production cycle, and reflected the food utilization at this farm. A pre-operational study of the benthic macrofauna at the same locations showed that a predominantly deposit feeding community was present, which was consistent with the net depositional nature of sediments at the farm.
AN  - rayyan-343237265
DA  - 2005
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2005
SP  - 43-43
ST  - Interfacial geochemistry and macrofauna at a new salmon farm in Passamaquoddy Bay, Bay of Fundy
TI  - Interfacial geochemistry and macrofauna at a new salmon farm in Passamaquoddy Bay, Bay of Fundy
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/17521838?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=%2FDv4%2BmMyrECej9UKRJgOUhLEWMg%3D
ID  - 261
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This article examines the sociocultural impact of commercial aquaculture on a coastal resource dependent community on the island of Chiloé, Chile. Many inhabitants of the island have been involved with the small-scale harvesting of near-shore and intertidal common pool resources for the commercial, recreational, and subsistence sectors for generations. The introduction of commercial aquaculture in the region is threatening access to these resources and in the process promoting social and economic change within a balanced and largely egalitarian way of life. The degree of both cultural and subsistence dependence on these resources should be acknowledged when aquaculture policy is developed in order to ensure social ecological sustainability. In this article, I examine a case where the emerging dominant economic industry of salmon aquaculture has supplanted small-scale resource use despite multiple levels of continuing dependency. © 2015 American Anthropological Association.
AN  - rayyan-271833984
AU  - Pitchon, A.
DA  - 2015
DO  - doi:doi:10.1111/jlca.12151
PY  - 2015
SP  - 343-358
ST  - Large-Scale Aquaculture and Coastal Resource-Dependent Communities: Tradition in Transition on Chiloe Island, Chile
TI  - Large-Scale Aquaculture and Coastal Resource-Dependent Communities: Tradition in Transition on Chiloe Island, Chile
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948156607&doi=10.1111%2fjlca.12151&partnerID=40&md5=3eabb17b62128835658a539dfc9a28ec
VL  - 20
ID  - 5
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Large-scale finfish farms are increasingly located in dispersive hard-bottom environments where Laminaria hyperborea forests dominate; however, the interactions between farm effluents and kelp forests are poorly understood. Effects of 2 levels of salmonid fish-farming effluents (high and low) on L. hyperborea epiphytic communities were studied by sampling canopy plants from 12 sites in 2 high-energy dispersive environments. Specifically, we assessed if farm effluents stimulated fast-growing epiphytic algae and faunal species on L. hyperborea stipes-as this can impact the kelp forest community composition-and/or an increased lamina epiphytic growth, which could negatively impact the kelp itself. We found that bryozoan biomass on the stipes was significantly higher at high-effluent farm sites compared to low-effluent farm and reference sites, resulting in a significantly different epiphytic community. Macroalgal biomass also increased with increasing effluent levels, including opportunistic Ectocarpus spp., resulting in a less heterogeneous macroalgae community at high-effluent farm sites. This habitat heterogeneity was further reduced by the high bryozoan biomass at the high-effluent sites. Such changes in the epiphyte community could have implications for the faunal community that relies on the epiphytes for food and refuge. On the kelp lamina, no clear response to farm effluents was found.
AN  - rayyan-321502880
AU  - Haugland, Barbro Taraldset
AU  - Armitage, Caroline S.
AU  - Kutti, Tina
AU  - Husa, Vivian
AU  - Skogen, Morten D.
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00392
PY  - 2021
SP  - 81
ST  - Large-scale salmon farming in Norway impacts the epiphytic community of Laminaria hyperborea
TI  - Large-scale salmon farming in Norway impacts the epiphytic community of Laminaria hyperborea
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2591463268?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=W9En916FF3N%2Bw3ipfvJ6I3tM4f8%3D
VL  - 13
ID  - 172
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The pesticides used by the salmon industry to treat sea lice, are applied in situ via a bath solution and are subsequently discharged into the surrounding medium. The effects of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide were assessed on the performance of Metacarcinus edwardsii larvae, an important crab for Chilean fishery. All larvae were dead or dying after 30 min of exposure to cypermethrin and after 40 min to deltamethrin at concentrations 100 and 20 times lower (0.15 and 0.1 μg L−1, respectively) than the concentrations and exposure times recommended by the manufacturers (CRM) to treat sea lice. Azamethiphos affected all larvae at a concentration 10 times lower than CRM. Hydrogen peroxide had the lowest detrimental effects, but at the CRM, 100% of the larvae were affected. Sub-lethal effects, i.e prolonged developmental time, were observed at concentrations lower than CRM. Repeated exposure to azamethiphos (0.0625–0.5 μg L−1) and hydrogen peroxide (188–1500 mg L−1) had effects on survival. In conclusion, the pesticides used against parasitic copepod tested here, negatively affect non-target crustacean larvae. Due to the product's characteristics, the lethal effects of the pyrethroids probably are restricted to the time and area of application, while the action of azamethiphos may extend to a wider area. Current data are insufficient to accurately dimension the effects of these compounds in the field. More research is required to evaluate the consequences of prolonged developmental times and/or reduction in appendage mobility, so as the effects of these compounds on the pelagic and benthic communities. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
AN  - rayyan-343238152
AU  - Gebauer, P.
AU  - Paschke, K.
AU  - Vera, C.
AU  - Toro, J. E.
AU  - Pardo, M.
AU  - Urbina, M.
DA  - 2017
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.108
PY  - 2017
SP  - 1019-1029
ST  - Lethal and sub-lethal effects of commonly used anti-sea lice formulations on non-target crab Metacarcinus edwardsii larvae
TI  - Lethal and sub-lethal effects of commonly used anti-sea lice formulations on non-target crab Metacarcinus edwardsii larvae
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025590816&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2017.07.108&partnerID=40&md5=cf888b8f23b1f929cf95bbb45f7be29c
VL  - 185
ID  - 294
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Farm Atlantic salmon escape and invade rivers throughout the North Atlantic annually, which has generated growing concern about their impacts on native salmon populations. A large-scale experiment was therefore undertaken in order to quantify the lifetime success and interactions of farm salmon invading a Norwegian river. Sexually mature farm and native salmon were genetically screened, radio tagged and released into the River Imsa where no other salmon had been allowed to ascend. The farm fishes were competitively and reproductively inferior, achieving less than one-third the breeding success of the native fishes. Moreover, this inferiority was sex biased, being more pronounced in farm males than females, resulting in the principal route of gene flow involving native males mating with farm females. There were also indications of selection against farm genotypes during early survival but not thereafter. However, evidence of resource competition and competitive displacement existed as the productivity of the native population was depressed by more than 30%. Ultimately, the lifetime reproductive success (adult to adult) of the farm fishes was 16% that of the native salmon. Our results indicate that such annual invasions have the potential for impacting on population productivity, disrupting local adaptations and reducing the genetic diversity of wild salmon populations.
AN  - rayyan-279910613
AU  - Fleming, I. A.
AU  - Hindar, K.
AU  - Mjolnerod, I. B.
AU  - Jonsson, B.
AU  - Balstad, T.
AU  - Lamberg, A.
DA  - 2000
DO  - doi:doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1173
PY  - 2000
SP  - 1517-1523
ST  - Lifetime success and interactions of farm salmon invading a native population
TI  - Lifetime success and interactions of farm salmon invading a native population
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034617935&doi=10.1098%2frspb.2000.1173&partnerID=40&md5=38517b7668d1fcfd0db725591f402c01
VL  - 267
ID  - 81
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Salmon aquaculture has emerged as a successful economic industry generating high economic revenues to invest in the development of Chiloe region, Southern Chile. However, salmon aquaculture also consumes a substantial amount of ecosystem services, and the direct and indirect impacts on human well-being are still unknown and unexplored. This paper identifies the synergies and trade-offs caused by the salmon industry on a range of ecosystem services. The results show that large economic benefits due to the increase of provisioning ecosystem services are also causing a reduction on regulating and cultural services. Despite the improvement on average income and poverty levels experienced in communities closely associated with the sector, this progress is not large enough and social welfare did not improve substantially over the last decade. The rest of human well-being constituents in Chiloe region have not changed significantly compared to the development in the rest of the country.
AN  - rayyan-279910734
AU  - Outeiro, L.
AU  - Villasante, S.
AU  - Villasante, S.
AU  - Macho, G.
DA  - 2013
DO  - doi:doi:10.1007/s13280-013-0457-8
PY  - 2013
SP  - 1022-1036
ST  - Linking salmon aquaculture synergies and trade-offs on ecosystem services to human wellbeing constituents
TI  - Linking salmon aquaculture synergies and trade-offs on ecosystem services to human wellbeing constituents
VL  - 42
ID  - 87
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Background: Rapidly spreading parasitic infections like amoebic gill disease (AGD) are increasingly problematic for Atlantic salmon reared in aquaculture facilities and potentially pose a risk to wild fish species in surrounding waters. Currently, it is not known whether susceptibility to AGD differs between wild and farmed salmon. Wild Atlantic salmon populations are declining and this emerging disease could represent an additional threat to their long-term viability. A better understanding of how AGD affects fish health is therefore relevant for the accurate assessment of the associated risk, both to farming and to the well-being of wild populations. In this study, we assessed the impact of natural exposure to AGD on wild, hybrid and farmed post-smolt Atlantic salmon reared in a sea farm together under common garden conditions. Results: Wild fish showed substantially higher mortality levels (64%) than farmed fish (25%), with intermediate levels for hybrid fish (39%) suggesting that AGD susceptibility has an additive genetic basis. Metabolic rate measures representing physiological performance were similar among the genetic groups but were significantly lower in AGD-symptomatic fish than healthy fish. Gut microbial diversity was significantly lower in infected fish. We observed major shifts in gut microbial community composition in response to AGD infections. In symptomatic fish the relative abundance of key taxa Aliivibrio, Marinomonas and Pseudoalteromonas declined, whereas the abundance of Polaribacter and Vibrio increased compared to healthy fish. Conclusions: Our results highlight the stress AGD imposes on fish physiology and suggest that low metabolic-rate fish phenotypes may be associated with better infection outcomes. We consider the role increased AGD outbreak events and a warmer future may have in driving secondary bacterial infections and in reducing performance in farmed and wild fish.
AN  - rayyan-321502513
AU  - Schaal, Patrick
AU  - Cheaib, Bachar
AU  - Kaufmann, Joshka
AU  - Phillips, Karl
AU  - Ryder, Liz
AU  - McGinnity, Phil
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1186/s42523-022-00203-x
PY  - 2022
ST  - Links between host genetics, metabolism, gut microbiome and amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon
TI  - Links between host genetics, metabolism, gut microbiome and amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon
VL  - 4
ID  - 161
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - A field study analyzed the impact of fish cage farming (sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and sea bream, Sparus aurata) on sediment and meiofauna in Limski channel (northern Adriatic, Croatia). In the aquaculture area sediment was characterized by elevated organic carbon (farms: 1.02-3.39%; controls: 0.26-1.73%), polyunsaturated fatty acids (farms: 0.1-26.4%; controls: 0-9.51%) and lipid concentration (farms: 0.39-5.24 mg/g d.w.; controls: 0.07-1.5 mg/g d.w.). Total meiofauna density was reduced (farms: 323-1065 ind. 10 cm super(-2); controls: 1506-1631 ind. 10 cm super(-2)), contribution of nematodes increased (farms: 86-92%; controls: 69-76%), contribution of copepods (farms: 4-10%; controls: 17-21%) and abundances of Turbellaria (farms: 1; controls: 11-24 ind. 10 cm super(-2)), Kynorhyncha (farms: 2-4; controls: 11-44 ind. 10 cm super(-2)), Ostracoda (farms: <1; controls: 5-23 ind. 10 cm super(-2)) and Amphipoda (farms: 1; controls: 5-12 ind. 10 cm super(-2)) decreased. The results suggested a localized effect of fish farming waste with no serious oxygen disturbances, confined to the area directly underneath the cages. Although sedimentological characteristics of Limski channel favour accumulation and have pronounced memory for highly degradable organic matter, the impact of the fish farming turned out to be negligible. These results suggest that sea bass and sea bream farming in the investigated system is eco-sustainable, not significantly altering the semi-enclosed marine ecosystem.
AN  - rayyan-321502293
AU  - Najdek, M.
AU  - Travizi, A.
AU  - Bogner, D.
AU  - Blazina, M.
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2007
SP  - 784-791
ST  - Low impact of Marine fish farming on sediment and meiofauna in Limski channel (northern Adriatic, Croatia)
TI  - Low impact of Marine fish farming on sediment and meiofauna in Limski channel (northern Adriatic, Croatia)
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20581564?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=POQPsx%2F4YQ6MU5zxll4EQzIggAw%3D
VL  - 16
ID  - 151
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Background: It is known that aquaculture may produce negative environmental effects on marine ecosystems. Southern Chile is one of the most important salmon and mussel-producing areas in the world. Here we assess the ecological status of benthic communities near farming centers in Caucahue Channel, Chiloe, which has been used intensely for salmon and mussel production for 30 years. Methods: The macrofauna, sediments and water column were characterized at distances of 5 to 100 m from three salmon and three mussel-producing centers. Information was also obtained from reference sites 500 to 3000 m from these aquaculture farms. The macrofauna and environmental conditions during winter were analyzed using uni- and multivariate analysis and the AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) as an indicator of benthic community condition. Results: (i) There is a high degree of spatial dissimilarity in macrofauna and environmental variables among sampling sites and types of environments (far from or near farming centers) and between the northern and southern areas of the channel; (ii) sediment structure (mean grain size and percentage of total organic matter) correlated with the observed dissimilarities in macrofauna communities; and (iii) the level of perturbation according to AMBI was heterogeneous, with sites in the undisturbed/normal range to moderately disturbed/polluted. Conclusions: We found a high spatial dissimilarity in benthic macrofauna and environmental variables among sampling sites, environmental types and between the northern and southern areas of the channel. AMBI and multivariate community-environment analysis are useful tools to define the level of perturbation of a geographic area at different spatial scales, using all the ecological information from each sample and replicates. © 2021, The Author(s).
AN  - rayyan-343238614
AU  - Hernández-Miranda, E.
AU  - Estrada, R.
AU  - Strange, P.
AU  - Veas, R.
AU  - Krautz, M. C.
AU  - Quiñones, R. A.
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.1186/s40693-021-00098-z
PY  - 2021
ST  - Macrofauna community patterns in a Chiloe Island channel used intensely for aquaculture: the ecological status of its benthic environment
TI  - Macrofauna community patterns in a Chiloe Island channel used intensely for aquaculture: the ecological status of its benthic environment
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100206687&doi=10.1186%2fs40693-021-00098-z&partnerID=40&md5=ba8f351b00d6d9deb07b267f0a36ef9a
VL  - 94
ID  - 306
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Over the last 2 decades marine open cage aquaculture in the Mediterranean Sea has grown rapidly, leading to increased productivity in the water column near fish farms. Here we investigated the effect of such increase in productivity on the common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. We developed an ecosystem model for the inner Ionian Sea Archipelago, western Greece, to: (1) evaluate the trophic interactions between bottlenose dolphins and their surround- ing ecosystem, including cage-associated organisms; (2) investigate simultaneously 3 hypotheses that could explain bottlenose dolphin dynamics: (a) increasing fishing effort and changes in ocean productivity, (b) competition with other species, and (c) increase in number of fish farms; and (3) explore spatial trends in bottlenose dolphins distribution using the increased number of fish farms as an explanatory variable. Comparisons of model predictions with historical time-series data indicate that only the increase in number of cages and thereby in productivity near fish farms contributed to the trends observed in dolphin numbers. Spatial analysis also confirmed an increase in occurrence of these dolphins in the proximity of the farms. These outcomes suggest that high productivity in waters surrounding fish cages—within a coastal area that is markedly oligotrophic—may attract bottlenose dolphins. The present study shows that open cage aquacul- ture has benefited bottlenose dolphins by easing their way of catching prey. Further studies should be conducted in other areas of the Mediterranean Sea to investigate whether the higher occurrence of bottlenose dolphins around fish cages is a common pattern and if it is driven by the trophic status of the ecosystem or by the type of fishes that surround the cages.
AN  - rayyan-271834011
AU  - Piroddi, Chiara
AU  - Bearzi, Giovanni
AU  - Christensen, Villy
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:10.3354/meps09319
PY  - 2011
SP  - 255-266
ST  - Marine open cage aquaculture in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: a new trophic resource for bottlenose dolphins
TI  - Marine open cage aquaculture in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: a new trophic resource for bottlenose dolphins
UR  - https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v440/p255-266/
VL  - 440
ID  - 7
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The term social licence to operate is often deployed as a rhetorical device without reference to who grants a social licence or how one might determine whether, or to what extent, such a licence has been granted. Survey tools have been developed to assess social licence, but these have been used only by a few practitioners, mostly in the mining industry. To test one of these tools and explore the question of who grants a social licence, we surveyed 237 respondents about aquaculture in New Zealand. Of these, 102 rated a company and 135 chose to rate the industry, either shellfish farming or finfish farming. Our results confirm previous studies showing that the quality of interactions with a company is the most consistent predictor of a person's social licence rating of a company. Cultural impacts were also a significant predictor of social licence scores, but environmental, economic and social impacts were not. Further, recreational fishers and those living nearby aquaculture operations tended to rate aquaculture more highly than others, though this depended on whether the respondent was rating a specific company or the industry more generally. Measured scores for social licence depend on who is surveyed, so it important to identify who to ask about social licence. We recommend surveying people and groups who are engaged in matters affected by the company or industry of interest, using social media and other strategies. © 2020
AN  - rayyan-279909564
AU  - Sinner, J.
AU  - Newton, M.
AU  - Barclay, J.
AU  - Baines, J.
AU  - Farrelly, T.
AU  - Edwards, P.
AU  - Tipa, G.
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734973
PY  - 2020
ST  - Measuring social licence: What and who determines public acceptability of aquaculture in New Zealand?
TI  - Measuring social licence: What and who determines public acceptability of aquaculture in New Zealand?
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081025220&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2020.734973&partnerID=40&md5=e537691a01bc149002918d5a9a0524e5
VL  - 521
ID  - 44
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - A model composed of coupled particle tracking and benthic response modules was developed for predicting waste solids flux and benthic impacts of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L. and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. aquaculture. The model was tested at 6 sites with different hydrodynamics, bathymetries and biomasses in the Aegean and Ionian seas, eastern Mediterranean Sea, and sediment trap flux and benthic impact indicators were observed. Seven sediment trap validation studies were conducted that varied in design with traps deployed either on the seabed, attached to nets or suspended in the water column. Model predictions of flux to traps spaced 5 m apart up to 50 m from the cages over a 13 d period were significant (R super(2) = 0.61, n = 57, p < 0.05). However, the model could not predict adequately the flux to traps spaced 2 m apart in the high-flux zone underneath cages where variability between trap observations was high. In this high-flux zone underneath cages, the averaged model flux predictions resulted in a performance of +/-49%. Statistically significant relationships were established at 4 sites between modelled flux and either benthic fauna impact indicator species (S), abundance (A), A/S ratio, Shannon-Wiener index or biomass fractionation index (BFI), (R super(2) = 0.82, 0.60, 0.57, 0.67 and 0.48, respectively; n = 24, p < 0.05). Two other sites, which did not exhibit an abundance peak in enriched zones, did not fit these relationships. Using relative abundance of taxonomic groups, a modelled flux of 4.1 g m super(-2) d super(-1) was determined to be a useful boundary; on either side of this boundary, clear trends occurred in pollutant tolerant and intolerant species.
AN  - rayyan-343236548
AU  - Cromey, Chris J.
AU  - Thetmeyer, Helmut
AU  - Lampadariou, Nikolaos
AU  - Black, Kenneth D.
AU  - Koegeler, Jos
AU  - Kar
DA  - 2012
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00034
PY  - 2012
SP  - 157-176
ST  - MERAMOD: predicting the deposition and benthic impact of aquaculture in the eastern Mediterranean Sea
TI  - MERAMOD: predicting the deposition and benthic impact of aquaculture in the eastern Mediterranean Sea
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1113217956?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=JJSfrw14tFJ4ehHND3LKbiuCuK0%3D
VL  - 2
ID  - 240
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The backbone of benthic marine monitoring programs is the biological component, traditionally the macrofauna inventory. Such macrofauna-based environmental impact assessments (EIA), however, are very time consuming and expensive. To overcome these shortcomings, we used environmental metabarcoding to test the potential of protists as bioindicators in EIAs. Therefore, we analyzed taxonomic metabarcodes (V9 region of the SSU rRNA), obtained from sediment samples collected along a 400-m transect extending from below salmon cages towards the open sea along the predominant current flow. The obtained genetic data of protistan communities were compared to benchmark data obtained from traditional macrofauna surveys of the same samples. Ciliates emerged as the most powerful indicators mirroring the macrofauna benchmark patterns with statistical significance. Ordination analyses showed that ciliate communities resolved impacted sampling sites below and in immediate vicinity of the salmon cages even better than macrofauna communities. It can be concluded that ciliates allow for a better fine-scale resolution of impact conditions than traditional monitoring methods. Other protistan taxon groups such as diatoms and chrysophytes were not as successful as marine benthic indicators compared to ciliates. We conclude that the implementation of ciliate metabarcoding can substantially improve EIAs. We discuss further mandatory research needs to make ciliate metabarcoding a routine tool in official regulations for EIAs in salmon farming.
AN  - rayyan-321502641
AU  - Stoeck, T.
AU  - Kochems, R.
AU  - Forster, D.
AU  - Lejzerowicz, F.
AU  - Pawlowski, J.
DA  - 2018
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.10.041
PY  - 2018
SP  - 153-164
ST  - Metabarcoding of benthic ciliate communities shows high potential for environmental monitoring in salmon aquaculture
TI  - Metabarcoding of benthic ciliate communities shows high potential for environmental monitoring in salmon aquaculture
VL  - 85
ID  - 167
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Aquaculture releases nitrogen to the marine environment, potentially changing dynamics of local plankton populations and causing adverse impacts. Metatranscriptomics have been used to study planktonic nutrient cycles and community dynamics. We hypothesised that the metatranscriptome could be used to monitor changing phytoplankton physiology near leases. To test this hypothesis, opportunistic samples were collected from one oceanic location in winter and one estuarine location in spring and analysed via RNASeq. Transcriptomes from different locations were found to have little overlap, due to different community compositions in the oceanic and estuarine locations. Transcript function was similar at each location. Proximity to the salmon pen had little influence over the transcriptome at the estuarine location. In the oceanic environment, diatom-based activity decreased near pens and dinoflagellate-based activity increased as demonstrated through the abundance of carbon fixation and nitrogen-acquisition-related transcripts. Our initial results suggest that the use of the metatranscriptome in monitoring is promising. © 2021
AN  - rayyan-321502236
AU  - Hook, S. E.
AU  - White, C.
AU  - Ross, D. J.
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.margen.2021.100858
PY  - 2021
ST  - A metatranscriptomic analysis of changing dynamics in the plankton communities adjacent to aquaculture leases in southern Tasmania, Australia
TI  - A metatranscriptomic analysis of changing dynamics in the plankton communities adjacent to aquaculture leases in southern Tasmania, Australia
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101641345&doi=10.1016%2fj.margen.2021.100858&partnerID=40&md5=5540858fe13a495e6abb99f4dc92ec31
VL  - 59
ID  - 148
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In recent decades, aquaculture has emerged as a viable method to help supply the growing global demand for seafood; however, expansion of the industry comes with potential negative impacts. Regulatory decisions governing aspects like aquaculture farming practices and farm siting inherently lead to trade-offs between profitability and the health of the surrounding environment through impacts including pollution, disease, and disturbance from escaped fish. Efficiently and sustainably scaling up aquaculture will require the development of methods for explicitly examining the trade-offs among these impacts and socioeconomic objectives. We developed a model to assess these trade-offs and illustrate the approach with a case study of salmon aquaculture in southern Chile. In the case study we found evidence that all 21 farms with approved permits may be underperforming on both profitability and the protection of ecosystem health. Our model suggests that explicit evaluation of trade-offs can illuminate the potential for improvements on multiple outcomes simultaneously.
AN  - rayyan-279909339
AU  - Jacobsen, K. I.
AU  - Battista, W. J.
AU  - Kaplan, L. M.
AU  - Tack, J. L. P.
AU  - Villarreal, M. D.
AU  - Costello, C.
DA  - 2016
DO  - doi:doi:10.1080/10454438.2016.1175831
PY  - 2016
SP  - 144-182
ST  - A model to assess trade-offs between environmental impact and profitability of offshore salmon farms: a case study on Chile
TI  - A model to assess trade-offs between environmental impact and profitability of offshore salmon farms: a case study on Chile
VL  - 28
ID  - 33
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Aquaculture and marine renewable energy are two expanding sectors of the Blue Economy in Europe. Assessing the long-term environmental impacts in terms of eutrophication and noise is a priority for both the EU Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, and cumulative impacts will be important for the Maritime Spatial Planning under the Integrated Maritime Policy. With the constant expansion of aquaculture production, it is expected that farms might be established further offshore in more remote areas, as high-energy conditions offer an opportunity to generate more power locally using Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) devices. A proposed solution is the co-location of MRE devices and aquaculture systems using Multi-Purpose Platforms (MPPs) comprising offshore wind turbines (OWTs) that will provide energy for farm operations as well as potentially shelter the farm. Disentangling the impacts, conflicts and synergies of MPP elements on the surrounding marine ecosystem is challenging. Here we created a high-resolution spatiotemporal Ecospace model of the West of Scotland, in order to assess impacts of a simple MPP configuration on the surrounding ecosystem and how these impacts can cascade through the food web. The model evaluated the following specific ecosystem responses: i) top-down control pathways due to distribution changes among top-predators (harbour porpoise, gadoids and seabirds) driven by attraction to the farming sites and/or repulsion/killing due to OWT operations; ii) bottom-up control pathways due to salmon farm activity providing increasing benthic enrichment predicated by a fish farm particle dispersal model, and sediment nutrient fluxes to the water column by early diagenesis of organic matter (recycled production). Weak responses of the food-web were found for top-down changes, whilst the results showed high sensitivity to increasing changes of bottom-up drivers that cascaded through the food-web from primary producers and detritus to pelagic and benthic consumers respectively. We assessed the sensitivity of the model to each of these impacts and the cumulative effects on the ecosystem, discuss the capabilities and limitations of the Ecospace modelling approach as a potential tool for marine spatial planning and the impact that these results could have for the Blue Economy and the EU’s New Green Deal.
AN  - rayyan-279910688
AU  - Serpetti, Natalia
AU  - Benjamins, Steven
AU  - Brain, Stevie
AU  - Collu, Maurizio
AU  - Harvey, Bethany J.
AU  - Heymans
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.694013
PY  - 2021
SP  - n/a
ST  - Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach
TI  - Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2549691250?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=b%2FoIfinI0E4AfkA7BGSp3nFSUTw%3D
ID  - 84
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - rayyan-423824796
AU  - Moriarty, Meadhbh
AU  - Ives, Stephen C
AU  - Murphy, Joanne M
AU  - Murray, Alexander G
DA  - 2023
DO  - doi:
PY  - 2023
SN  - 0167-5877
SP  - 105888
ST  - Modelling parasite impacts of aquaculture on wild fish: The case of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on out-migrating wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt
T2  - Preventive Veterinary Medicine
TI  - Modelling parasite impacts of aquaculture on wild fish: The case of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on out-migrating wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt
VL  - 214
ID  - 311
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - International studies show salmon lice from fish farms can substantially impact wild salmon populations. Farmed and wild salmon are respectively key components of the Scottish marine economy and environment. If larval salmon lice in the marine environment exceed threshold concentrations over large enough areas then they risk infestation of wild salmon smolts at intensities that significantly impact their welfare and populations. As a step towards providing a modelling structure for evaluation of impacts of farm origin lice on wild salmon we here combine deterministic models of larval lice production and infection with deterministic models of smolt size, growth and migration. Highest salmon lice concentrations occur in inshore waters (sea lochs and sounds), but salmon lice may also occur in more open coastal waters, and exposure to infection is dependent on smolt migratory behaviour.
AN  - rayyan-321503274
AU  - Murray, A. G.
AU  - Ives, S. C.
AU  - Murphy, J.
AU  - Moriarty, M.
AU  - Robinson, P. A.
AU  - McIntyre, K. M.
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2022
SP  - 103-114
ST  - Modelling parasite-driven impacts of aquaculture on wild fish: the case of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)
TI  - Modelling parasite-driven impacts of aquaculture on wild fish: the case of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)
ID  - 188
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The environmental impact of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) farming was quantified by assessing the benthic effects of a large cod farm in Shetland, UK and by parameterising a mathematical model based on an existing salmon model (DEPOMOD, [Cromey, C.J., Nickell, T.D., Black, K.D., 2002a. DEPOMOD-Modelling the deposition and biological effects of waste solids from marine cage farms. Aquaculture 214, 211-239.]) to predict solids deposition from farmed cod to the seabed. Benthic physico-chemical and macrofaunal data for three consecutive years provided synoptic data for model validation, allowing model testing throughout the growing cycle, from low biomass to near maximum. A video technique for quantifying the particle size and settling rates of cod faeces was further developed (weighted mean settling velocity for cod faeces was 3.7 cm s- 1), and faecal output experiments yielded temporal data on post-prandial faecal output (faecal output was 8.5% of feed input d- 1 by mass), which was lower than faecal output rates that have been used in modelling salmon impacts. Feed settling experiments showed large and significant differences between three proprietary cod feeds. At most benthic stations, there was a good fit between modelled and measured benthic Infaunal Trophic Index (ITI) but it failed to reproduce the moderate to heavy impact observed at an inshore transect. Possible reasons for the underperformance of the model in this area include the hydrographic data available and unreported cage movements in the area of the transect. When these factors were taken into account in the model, performance improved. Surveys of the sea bed surrounding the cod farm indicated that over a cod growing cycle up to near maximum biomass, there is a biological response to organic enrichment of the near-field sediments. This enrichment is not excessive in terms of the biomass present, and is comparable to salmon culture sites of similar scale in similar environments. Provided that species-specific parameters are used for particulate wastes no special considerations for modelling of this relatively new aquaculture species are necessary. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
AN  - rayyan-343238056
AU  - Cromey, C. J.
AU  - Nickell, T. D.
AU  - Treasurer, J.
AU  - Black, K. D.
AU  - Inall, M.
DA  - 2009
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.12.020
PY  - 2009
SP  - 42-53
ST  - Modelling the impact of cod (Gadus morhua L.) farming in the marine environment-CODMOD
TI  - Modelling the impact of cod (Gadus morhua L.) farming in the marine environment-CODMOD
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61749101018&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2008.12.020&partnerID=40&md5=4066d254f058245e9aee5c4f7b70eec4
VL  - 289
ID  - 290
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Emamectin benzoate is used as an in-feed treatment for the control of sea lice parasites in all of the main farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) facilities worldwide (Norway, Chile, Scotland and Canada). Investigations into its effect on non-target benthic fauna resulting from its excretion from farmed fish and uneaten feed have been limited. This paper presents the findings from a study that intended to assess the impact of emamectin benzoate on benthic fauna using a new low detection method for emamectin benzoate. Eight fish farms in the Shetland Isles, Scotland were surveyed, with sediment sampled along transects radiating from the farms analysed for benthic ecology, sediment chemistry and sediment veterinary medicine residues (analysed for emamectin benzoate and teflubenzuron). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Generalised Linear Mixed Modelling (GLMM) were used to assess which environmental parameters observed during the survey had the biggest effect on benthic community composition and abundance, and more specifically crustacean abundance and richness. Emamectin benzoate was found in 97% of samples, demonstrating widespread dispersion in the sediments sampled. The CCA showed that species composition was predominantly ordinated along a gradient of particle size, with a secondary axis dominated by a change in emamectin benzoate and organic carbon enrichment. Peaks in abundance of crustacean species were predicted to be organised along a gradient of emamectin benzoate concentration. The GLMM corroborated this by showing that emamectin benzoate had the strongest negative effect on total crustacean abundance and species richness, though there was some degree of collinearity with organic carbon, that had a smaller effect. Overall, this study shows that, following its use as an in-feed treatment for sea lice, emamectin benzoate residues are more widely distributed in the benthic environment than previously thought, and have a statistically significant effect on benthic ecology at the concentrations observed in this study.
AN  - rayyan-321503020
AU  - Bloodworth, J. W.
AU  - Baptie, M. C.
AU  - Preedy, K. F.
AU  - Best, J.
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.430
PY  - 2019
SP  - 91-102
ST  - Negative effects of the sea lice therapeutant emamectin benzoate at low concentrations on benthic communities around Scottish fish farms
TI  - Negative effects of the sea lice therapeutant emamectin benzoate at low concentrations on benthic communities around Scottish fish farms
VL  - 669
ID  - 177
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Stakeholder inclusion in coastal zone management is part of the Norwegian fabric of inclusive government, and essential for the legitimacy of the distribution of coastal areas for a variety of uses. Norway is currently dependent upon the commitment and motivations of the municipalities to fulfil its ICZM initiatives. These municipalities in turn are dependent upon the goodwill of their constituents, among which are the fishers, for the distribution of area rights, especially when distributing to the aquaculture industry. In Frøya, these fishers have seldom made complaints against possible aquaculture localities, and have usually supported the governing institutions when coastal allocations are made in favour of aquaculture. With the possibility of a forthcoming supersized offshore salmon aquaculture facility in an important crabbing area, however, these stakeholders have come to the end of their goodwill. The following paper explores the use of iterative stakeholder workshops as a management tool. Ensuring that stakeholders are included in the management process can provide legitimacy thereof and minimize conflict. Insisting on iterative stakeholder workshops or consultations in processes that span longer time periods demonstrates that managers also take into account that constituent opinions are dynamic, and not static, and need to be accounted for, which could further legitimize their later decisions. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
AN  - rayyan-279910044
AU  - Tiller, R.
AU  - Richards, R.
DA  - 2015
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.09.001
PY  - 2015
SP  - 98-109
ST  - Once bitten, twice shy: Aquaculture, stakeholder adaptive capacity, and policy implications of iterative stakeholder workshops; the case of Frøya, Norway
TI  - Once bitten, twice shy: Aquaculture, stakeholder adaptive capacity, and policy implications of iterative stakeholder workshops; the case of Frøya, Norway
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941701960&doi=10.1016%2fj.ocecoaman.2015.09.001&partnerID=40&md5=8dbc1f9deebe09ab970bd01fb9f05b6b
VL  - 118
ID  - 63
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - One-generation effects of various amounts of farmed fish immigration on the genetic differentiation among wild salmon stocks in Norway were examined. Known allel frequencies at three electrophoretic loci and population sizes of five Norwegian salmon stocks and one farmed fish strain were input in formulae for gene flow, and the results measured as reduction in G-st at electrophoretic loci. In general, a raised immigration rate from a common source will reduce the existing genetic differentiation between stocks. In absolute terms, the reduction in wild stock G-st will be largest in the first generation, because the genetic differences between immigrant and recipient are largest then. Both the magnitude and pattern of immigration effects are substantilly influenced by whether immigrant number is equal in all rivers (model I) or proportional to local population size (model II). Assuming equal fitness of immigrants and recipients, the currently reported farmed fish proportion among spawners of about 30% (the mean value in 50 Norwegian reivers as reported for 1989) was estimated to reduce existing genetic differentiation (measured as G-st) between the wild stocks involved by almost 70% in one generation under model I, and by more than 50% under model II. Each of the wild stocks will take on the genetic characteristics of farmed fish at corresponding rates. First-generation effects on G-st of burst immigrations in connection with rearing pen wrecks may be used to estimate farmed fish fitness in nature. © 1991.
AN  - rayyan-321501418
AU  - Mork, J.
DA  - 1991
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90391-J
PY  - 1991
SP  - 267-276
ST  - One-generation effects of farmed fish immigration on the genetic differentiation of wild Atlantic salmon in Norway
TI  - One-generation effects of farmed fish immigration on the genetic differentiation of wild Atlantic salmon in Norway
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026351626&doi=10.1016%2f0044-8486%2891%2990391-J&partnerID=40&md5=a34511d6616074cde21e7c02c22f67ea
VL  - 98
ID  - 111
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-279910393
AU  - Crowell, Tanya Z.
DA  - 2023
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2023
ST  - The Opinions of Bc’s Public Fishers on Open Net-Pen Salmon Farms
TI  - The Opinions of Bc’s Public Fishers on Open Net-Pen Salmon Farms
ID  - 74
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Organic matter from salmon farms has been shown to be assimilated by soft sediment and rocky reef communities within the ecological footprint of salmon farms. Given these findings, another question arises - What other chemicals in salmon feed may be assimilated into wild communities via organic waste from salmon farms? Here we measured a suite of organic contaminants in salmon feed, in organisms used in a controlled feeding experiment, and in reef species collected within the depositional footprint of salmon farms. Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry was used to quantify trace concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and current-use (CPUs) and historic-use pesticides (HUPs) in salmon feed imported to New Zealand. The effect of assimilation of farm-derived organic matter on contaminant profiles differed among species during the controlled feeding experiment and demonstrated that migration of individuals to a farm-associated site has the potential to increase or decrease organic contaminant concentrations. Concentrations of PCBs in Parapercis colias (blue cod), a highly resident, long-lived fish, were significantly higher at farm sites than at reference sites. While these concentrations were relatively low in a global context, this result presents blue cod as an important candidate for future monitoring of organic contaminants around point sources. PCBs and PBDEs measured in wild marine species were all below limits set by the European Union, whereas concentrations of certain HUPs, specifically dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradation products and endosulfan, may be of concern as a consequence of alternative anthropogenic activities. Overall, feed imported to New Zealand had relatively low levels of most organic contaminants that, at current levels, are unlikely to result in significant ecological effects to wild communities in adjacent habitats.
AN  - rayyan-321503007
AU  - McMullin, Rebecca M.
AU  - Chen, Rui-wen
AU  - Niu, Shan
AU  - Matthews, Will
AU  - Murschell, Trey
AU  - Wing, Stephen R.
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118853
PY  - 2022
ST  - Organic contaminants in imported salmon feed and their effects on reef ecosystems in New Zealand
TI  - Organic contaminants in imported salmon feed and their effects on reef ecosystems in New Zealand
VL  - 298
ID  - 175
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The degree of conflict between otter conservation and fish farming was assessed at Sado estuary (SW Portugal), using ecological (otter visiting rates to fish farms and consumption of commercial fish) and socio-economic (past and current instruments and policies addressing the conflict and a social impact assessment, including a discourse analysis of relevant stakeholders) parameters. The study concerned 14 fish farms producing Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, Solea senegalensis and Solea solea. Results indicate high visiting rates in most fish farms (average: 76%), although in only 29%, species stocked were the most consumed prey. Other marine species and freshwater prey were the basis of otter diet in the remaining fish farms. The conflict is quite consensual among most fish farmers, and the results indicate that the perceived conflict by fish farmers has an ecological basis, although there are large gaps between effective and perceived predation. No specific instruments exist in Portugal to address the conflict, but some not specifically targeted can have an effect (e.g. species protection legislation and aquaculture licensing), although with limitations to effectively contribute to its mitigation (e.g. lack of enforcement and supervision). Formulating and assessing solutions is the following step, using a participatory approach to the development and evaluation of mitigation/compensation strategies, capable of providing an effective reconciliation of the conflict.
AN  - rayyan-343236504
AU  - Freitas, Dalia
AU  - Gomes, J.
AU  - Luis, TSales
AU  - Madruga, L.
AU  - Marques, C.
AU  - Baptista, G.
AU  - Rosalino, L. M.
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0693-7
PY  - 2007
SP  - 51-62
ST  - Otters and fish farms in the Sado estuary: ecological and socio-economic basis of a conflict
TI  - Otters and fish farms in the Sado estuary: ecological and socio-economic basis of a conflict
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20640945?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=5Wgmsg81EVx1IURyS5R1XNxtu1k%3D
VL  - 587
ID  - 237
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In this paper a methodological approach is proposed and applied to undertake a participatory process to obtain sustainable development indicators for the salmon sector in Chile including a common vision of sustainability for this industry. The selected indicators are a mix of bottom-up and top-down approaches, which capture the specific needs and perceptions of the different stakeholders related to salmon farming while allowing a high degree of international comparability. A detailed step by step description of the methodology allows understanding how to obtain acceptable social, economic and environmental indicators, a result that can be replicated in other natural resource based productive sectors that are common in developing contexts.
AN  - rayyan-279909229
AU  - O'Ryan, Raul
AU  - Pereira, Mauricio
DA  - 2015
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.010
PY  - 2015
SP  - 322-330
ST  - Participatory indicators of sustainability for the salmon industry: The case of Chile
TI  - Participatory indicators of sustainability for the salmon industry: The case of Chile
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1647008935?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=PQrZV4JOt5LgWSkRx4TddLLItAw%3D
VL  - 51
ID  - 27
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, are the most abundant wild salmon species and are thought of as an indicator of ecosystem health. The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is endemic to pink salmon habitat but these ectoparasites have been implicated in reducing local pink salmon populations in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia. This allegation arose largely because juvenile pink salmon migrate past commercial open net salmon farms, which are known to incubate the salmon louse. Juvenile pink salmon are thought to be especially sensitive to this ectoparasite because they enter the sea at such a small size (approx. 0.2 g). Here, we describe how 'no effect' thresholds for salmon louse sublethal impacts on juvenile pink salmon were determined using physiological principles. These data were accepted by environmental managers and are being used to minimize the impact of salmon aquaculture on wild pink salmon populations.
AN  - rayyan-321501713
AU  - Brauner, C. J.
AU  - Sackville, M.
AU  - Gallagher, Z.
AU  - Tang, S.
AU  - Nendick, L.
AU  - Farrell, A. P.
DA  - 2012
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0423
PY  - 2012
SP  - 1770-1779
ST  - Physiological consequences of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha): implications for wild salmon ecology and management, and for salmon aquaculture
TI  - Physiological consequences of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha): implications for wild salmon ecology and management, and for salmon aquaculture
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1566844297?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=6ke3%2BDsmzWZaaongj6yxLwY8rxs%3D
VL  - 367
ID  - 124
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The aim of this study was to establish phytoplankton composition at the sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fish farm in the middle Adriatic Sea. The investigation was performed from September 2005 to September 2006 at a station located in Maslinova Bay at the island of Brac (Croatia). Considering the whole research period, diatoms generally prevailed in terms of abundance while dinoflagellates were particularly abundant in June. Number of species of diatoms in comparison to dinoflagellates through the investigated period was similar. From 111 species of phytoplankton found, there were 55 species of Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), 47 species of Dinophyta (dinoflagellates), 5 species of Prymnesiophyceae, 3 Chrysophyceae and 1 Euglenophyta. Among the diatoms, the majority of species belonged to genus Chaetoceros. The most represented dinoflagellate genera were Oxytoxum and Gymnodinium. There were no considerable differences in phytoplankton composition with respect to different depths, but seasonal influence was significant. Biodiversity and abundance ranges of phytoplankton species indicated good water conditions and there were no evident alterations induced by the increased release of nutrients.Original Abstract: Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi sastav fitoplanktona na uzgajalistu komarci (Sparus aurata) i lubina (Dicentrarchus labrax) u srednjem Jadranu. Istrazivanje je provedeno u razdoblju od rujna 2005. do rujna 2006. godine na postaji smjestenoj u uvali Maslinova na otoku Bracu. Promatrajuci cijelo istrazivano razdoblje, dijatomeje su opcenito prevladavale svojom brojnoscu, dok su dinoflagelati bili brojniji u lipnju. Broj vrsta dijatomeja i dinoflagelata kroz istrazivano razdoblje bio je slican. Zabiljezeno je 111 vrsta fitoplanktona, od kojih je 55 vrsta iz skupine Bacillariophyceae (dijatomeja), 47 vrsta Dinophyta (dinoflagelata), 5 vrsta Prymnesiophyceae, 3 vrste Chrysophyceae te 1 vrsta Euglenophyta. Vecina vrsta dijatomeja pripada rodu Chaetoceros. Najznacajnije zastupljeni dinoflagelati pripadaju rodovima Oxytoxum i Gymnodinium. Nije bilo znacajne razlike u sastavu s obzirom na dubine postaje, dok je sezonski utjecaj bio znacajan. Biodiverzitet i brojnost fitoplanktona ukazuju na povoljne uvjete vodenog stupca u blizini uzgajalista; nema promjena uvjetovanih povecanim ispustanjem nutrijenata.
AN  - rayyan-321503162
AU  - Skejic, S.
AU  - Marasovic, I.
AU  - Nincevic Gladan, Z.
DA  - 2012
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2012
SP  - 41-52
ST  - Phytoplankton assemblages at fish farm in Maslinova Bay (the Island of Brac)
TI  - Phytoplankton assemblages at fish farm in Maslinova Bay (the Island of Brac)
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1419370280?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=I2ULxQTNHCYMy5QUFBR%2FcawoCpk%3D
VL  - 70
ID  - 182
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Investigations of net phytoplankton composition were performed at three fish farms situated at the northern, middle and southern part of the eastern Adriatic Sea coast, respectively. In the northern part investigations were conducted in the Limski kanal, in the middle part at the Ugljan island and in the southern part in the place Drace on the Peljesac peninsula. At all three localities fish culture included mostly two species: gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Beside some physico-chemical parameters (sea water temperature, salinity) special attention was placed on the examination of qualitative net phytoplankton composition, which was conducted in the period of May and November 2004 and May and October 2005. Samples were collected at the depths of 0.5 and 4 meters. According to the physico-chemical parameters, sea water temperature was influenced by the temperature of the environment. Qualitative net phytoplankton composition consisted of 153 microphytic species belonging to the systematic compartments of Cyanobacteria, Chrysophyta and Dinophyta. The most numerous algal group were diatoms or Bacillarophyceae (84 species or 55%) with relative frequencies of species from 1 to 7. Taxonomic composition of diatoms showed the community Chaetoceros-Rhizosolenia (Proboscia) as the dominant one. The second numerically most dominant compartment were Dinophyta (62 species or 40.1%) with dominant the species of the genera Ceratium and Protoperidinium. Relative frequencies of species was ranging from 1 to 7 (mass presence of specimens in the water column). From Cyanobacteria (4 species or 3%), only filamentous algae were determined, with individual presence in net phytoplankton composition. Qualitative net phytoplankton composition suggests the similarity of species composition in the water column at all investigated fish farms. From the obtained characteristics of net phytoplankton composition conclusion can be made that all investigated localities constituted stable ecosystems.Original Abstract: Istrazivanja sastava mreznog fitoplanktona obavljena su na trima uzgajalistima riba na sjevernom, srednjem i juznom dijelu istosne obale Jadranskog mora. Na sjevernom dijelu Jadranske obale istrazivanja su provedena u Limskom kanalu, na srednjem dijelu Jadrana na uzgajalistu u uvali Lamljana na otoku Ugljanu, a na juznom u mjestu Drace na Peljescu. Uzgoj riba na istrazivanim lokalitetima sveden je uglavnom na dvije vrste: komarsu (Sparus aurata) i lubina (Dicentrarchus labrax). Uz neke fizikalnokemijske pokazatelje (temperatura mora, salinitet), posebna je pozornost posvecena kvalitativnom sastavu mreznog fitoplanktona, a istrazivanje je provedeno tijekom godine 2004. (svibanj, studeni) i 2005. (svibanj, listopad). Uzorci su uzimani s dubina 0, 5 i 4 metra. Prema fizikalnim i kemijskim pokazateljima, temperatura mora bila je pod utjecajem temperature okolisa. U kvalitativnom sastavu mreznog fitoplanktona utvrene su 153 vrste mikrofita, a pripadale su sistematskim odjeljcima Cyanobacteria, Chrysophyta i Dinophyta. Najbrojnija skupina alga bile su dijatomeje ili Bacillariophyceae (84 vrste ili 55%) s relativnim ucestalostima vrsta od 1 do 7. Taksonomski sastav dijatomeja upucuje na dominantnu zajednicu Chaetoceros-Rhizosolenia (Proboscia). Subdominantan brojnoscu vrsta bio je odjel Dinophyta (62 vrste ili 40.1%), s dominantnim vrstama rodova Ceratium i Protoperidinium. Relativna ucestalost vrsta bila je od 1 do masovno (7) prisutnih jedinki u vodenome stupcu. Od Cyanobacteria (4 vrste ili 3%) utvrene su samo nitaste alge cija je nazocnost u sastavu mreznog fitoplanktona bila pojedinacna. Kvalitativni sastav mreznog fitoplanktona, upucuje na slican sastav vrsta u vodenome stupcu na svim istrazivanim uzgajalistima. Prema dobivenim karakteristikama mreznog fitoplanktona, istrazivani lokaliteti cine stabilan ekosustav.
AN  - rayyan-343237232
AU  - Tomec, M.
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2006
SP  - 133-147
ST  - Phytoplankton composition in fish farms along the eastern Adriatic coast
TI  - Phytoplankton composition in fish farms along the eastern Adriatic coast
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20133724?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=6I%2Ba4Y4awABARgbS022%2FoLfPgoA%3D
VL  - 64
ID  - 260
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Dispersion of Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kroyer 1838 (Crustacea: Caligidae) larvae from a single cage and also from a farm system was investigated in Ardmore Bay, west coast of Ireland. Surface plankton tows were taken from within a cage and also at various distances from the farm. Highest densities of larvae (maximum, 66.1 m super(-3)) were consistently recorded within the cage. Less than 10% of the larval density recorded inside the cage was found outside at any one time, indicating a high retention of larvae within the cage throughout the sampling period. This was due to a reduction of water movement inside the cage caused by the physical barrier of the net which was fouled during the sampling period. Highest densities of larvae were consistently found in samples taken at 10 m (maximum, 4.8 m super(-3)) from the last cage on the farm in comparison to those taken further away from it (maximum, at 1 km; 0.4 m super(-3)). Regression analysis of the data from each of the sampling dates showed a significant inverse relationship (P=0.001) between distance and larval numbers. The models produced suggest that few louse larvae would have been recovered in samples (i.e. 100 m plankton surface tows) taken more than 2 km from the last cage on the farm. Although the ratio of copepodids to nauplii increased with distance from the farm, the densities of the copepodids did not increase.
AN  - rayyan-321502057
AU  - Costelloe, M.
AU  - Costelloe, J.
AU  - Roche, N.
DA  - 1996
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 1996
SP  - 141-149
ST  - Planktonic dispersion of larval salmon-lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, associated with cultured salmon, Salmo salar, in western Ireland
TI  - Planktonic dispersion of larval salmon-lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, associated with cultured salmon, Salmo salar, in western Ireland
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/17058742?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=0n43O%2BW47BghrfaTD4qeCUQ9rak%3D
VL  - 76
ID  - 143
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The benthic macrofauna was examined at four aquaculture sites in eastern Canada over a period of one year to determine if the heavy organic loading had a detrimental effect on the benthic communities. Two sites, one in Prince Edward Island and one in Nova Scotia were occupied by blue mussel lines, and two sites one in Nova Scotia and one in New Brunswick. were occupied by Atlantic salmon culture operations. Polychaete communities beneath each site plus reference sites were analyzed for comparative diversity, dominance and the presence of indicator species such as "opportunistic" or "pioneer" species. The polychaetes which dominated the fauna beneath the mussel lines were different than those from beneath the fish cages. In both geographical locations, the sediment beneath the shellfish lines was black, finely pelletized, and had high organic material content and the dominant macrofaunal organism was Nephtys neotella. The sediments beneath the fish cages in the New Brunswick site were black, smelled strongly of H sub(2)S, had high organic material content and at times were covered with a Beggiatoa sp. bacterial mat. The dominant and sometimes only species was Capitella capitata, a species known for its tolerance to anoxic conditions and high organic enrichments. The dominant polychaete found under the fish pens at the smaller Nova Scotia site was Nereis diversicolor. The difference in the two fish farm sites is explained by the scale and duration of the operation. Similarly, degree of dominance at the two shellfish sites corresponds with the density of mussels and duration of operation.
AN  - rayyan-321501590
AU  - Pocklington, P.
AU  - Scott, D. B.
AU  - Schafer, C. T.
DA  - 1994
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 1994
ST  - Polychaete response to different aquaculture activities
TI  - Polychaete response to different aquaculture activities
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/16982715?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=QnZrMig2Zn%2FYZ8dmtfWMiDPSs1M%3D
ID  - 118
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AN  - rayyan-423824797
AU  - Thomas, Len
AU  - Harwood, John
DA  - 2004
DO  - doi:
PY  - 2004
SP  - 3
ST  - Possible impacts on the British grey seal population of deliberate killing related to salmon farming
T2  - parameters
TI  - Possible impacts on the British grey seal population of deliberate killing related to salmon farming
VL  - 2
ID  - 312
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - AbstractMore than 25% of Greek fish farms and 20% of Greek hatcheries of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) are located along the Western Hellenic coast. The part of sea bream production is about 60% of the total production of these species. During the last decade, a spectacular increase in both the number of farms and their production, accompanied by a substantial price decrease and modification of their structure and functioning, has been recorded. These changes resulted in the maintenance in cages of large individuals (more than 500g) of gilthead sea bream which are potential spawners. The study, based on both the maturity stage and the decrease in individual mean weights during the reproductive period of the species, confirmed reproduction in cages. In parallel, during the last 5 years a remarkable increase (about 80%) in sea bream landings from the fish trap fisheries of the Messolonghi-Etoliko lagoon, which is a typical nursery for the species, was recorded. The increase was accompanied by a decrease both in price and mean size of the 0-group individuals. The possible influence of the rearing activities in the area, the density-dependent mechanisms and the negative impacts of this unintentional enhancement of the traditional lagoon fisheries of the area are discussed.
AN  - rayyan-343237551
AU  - Dimitriou, Evagelos
AU  - Katselis, George
AU  - Moutopoulos, Dimitrios K.
AU  - Akovitiotis, Constantin
AU  - Koutsi
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01681.x
PY  - 2007
SP  - 398-408
ST  - Possible influence of reared gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) on wild stocks in the area of the Messolonghi lagoon (Ionian Sea, Greece)
TI  - Possible influence of reared gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) on wild stocks in the area of the Messolonghi lagoon (Ionian Sea, Greece)
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20439250?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=GdKodYdCkHlMNF5bGOj4RRcR8gc%3D
VL  - 38
ID  - 269
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This paper examines the possible ecological and economic effects of sea lice from salmon farms on wild salmon populations and fisheries. A bioeconomic model is developed incorporating an age-structured population dynamics model of wild pink and chum salmon with mortality caused by farm-derived sea lice. Our model incorporates capture fisheries under two management policy scenarios. Results suggest that the ecological and economic effects are minor when the sea lice induced mortality rate is below 20%, while they can be severe if the mortality is greater than 30%. Sea lice have greater ecological and economic impacts on pink salmon than on chum salmon. The impact of farm lice epizootics on wild salmon is greater under a fixed exploitation rate than under a target escapement policy. As a result, a precautionary principle should be adopted, and appropriate management schemes and policy strategies should be developed to minimize these effects.
AN  - rayyan-279909172
AU  - Liu, Yajie
AU  - Sumaila, Ussif Rashid
AU  - Volpe, John Paul
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.017
PY  - 2011
SP  - 1746-1755
ST  - Potential ecological and economic impacts of sea lice from farmed salmon on wild salmon fisheries
TI  - Potential ecological and economic impacts of sea lice from farmed salmon on wild salmon fisheries
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/883036261?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=fm30DzCumOnzcV9epn6NXWDkono%3D
VL  - 70
ID  - 23
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Aquaculture has become an important component of Chilean economy, especially in the southern region, where salmon farming is an active industry. However, high density in salmon cages can increase stress and susceptibility to parasitic outbreaks of the copepod Caligus rogercresseyi. The pesticides used against sea lice can have potential effects on non-target microbiota and on the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of natural microbial communities to the addition of the anti-lice pesticides azamethiphos, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate and their potential impact on photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic carbon fixation in central-southern Chile (37°S to 42°S). The addition of pesticides on primary production samples was related to changes in carbon uptake, which were significant if a single pesticide was applied, mainly emamectin benzoate and azametiphos. In surface waters of central Chile, emamectin benzoate produced a 60–90% decrease for both photo and chemoautotrophic carbon fixation. Enhanced rates were also observed for in situ primary production as a result of azamethiphos addition in northern Patagonia. Such stimulation, although limited, was possibly related to the supply of nitrogen and phosphate for phytoplankton requirements by this organophosphate compound. © 2017
AN  - rayyan-321503252
AU  - Rain-Franco, A.
AU  - Rojas, C.
AU  - Fernandez, C.
DA  - 2018
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.12.048
PY  - 2018
SP  - 271-284
ST  - Potential effect of pesticides currently used in salmon farming on photo and chemoautotrophic carbon uptake in central – southern Chile
TI  - Potential effect of pesticides currently used in salmon farming on photo and chemoautotrophic carbon uptake in central – southern Chile
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039997964&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2017.12.048&partnerID=40&md5=417cc55cf6e184daf0f32337f39eb3fd
VL  - 486
ID  - 185
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A further growth in the Norwegian aquaculture industry might potentially be hampered by the conclusion that it is not environmentally sustainable. As direct measurements of the lice induced mortality on wild salmonids are impossible, the management is based on a set of high-quality and well-documented sustainability indicators. These indicators combine observations from the national Norwegian salmon lice monitoring programme with salmon lice models. Here, we have documented the quality of one of these models used to identify areas where the impact from farmed to wild salmonids is over the prescribed limit. The Hardangerfjord area has been used as a test area, but the model is general and, therefore, suitable for the rest of the coast. It is shown that the model system is robust and also can be used to test whether new knowledge gained from laboratory experiments improves the model. New findings on salmon lice behaviour at low salinities have been incorporated and the new model, consisting of a high-resolution hydrodynamic model coupled with an individual-based salmon lice model and forced with realistic input of salmon lice larvae from aquaculture farms, represents the best realization of the local potential infestation pressure on wild fish.</jats:p>
AN  - rayyan-321502635
AU  - Sandvik, Anne Dagrun
AU  - Johnsen, Ingrid Askeland
AU  - Myksvoll, Mari Skuggedal
AU  - Sævik, Pål Næverlid
AU  - Sk
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsz256
PY  - 2020
SP  - 746-756
ST  - Prediction of the salmon lice infestation pressure in a Norwegian fjord
TI  - Prediction of the salmon lice infestation pressure in a Norwegian fjord
UR  - https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/77/2/746/5704435
VL  - 77
ID  - 166
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The escape of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) from fish farms is consid- ered to be a widespread problem in the Mediterranean area, where this species is produced in large quantities in offshore cages. Whilst estimates of the number of escaped seabass in the wild have been made previously, the actual distribution, long-term survival and the potential effects on native populations remain largely unknown. This study characterises the genetic profiles of all contemporary and some historic aquaculture sources of European seabass in Cyprus and uses these profiles to identify escaped fish in seabass collected from the wild around the island. Signif- icant differences in the microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA marker profiles were found between farmed and wild fish. The number of escapees identified was 15% of the total number of wild-caught fish sampled. However, escapees were not equally distributed; at one location ~70% of wild-caught fish were escapees while in other areas escapees only accounted for up to 4%. Escapees were present in all size classes of fish, but the majority were of commercial size (300�500 g) typical of seabass farmed in seacages. This indicates that they may have escaped recently and during normal aquaculture operations as no escape event was reported in the course of the study. Two large, egg-bearing females and some juvenile fish were also classified as escapees, which suggests that long-term survival and interbreeding with wild fish is possible in Cypriot waters.
AN  - rayyan-279911490
AU  - Brown, C.
AU  - Miltiadou, Despoina
AU  - Tsigenopoulos, Costas S.
DA  - 2015
DO  - doi:doi:10.3354/aei00135
PY  - 2015
SP  - 49-59
ST  - Prevalence and survival of escaped European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax in Cyprus identified using genetic markers
TI  - Prevalence and survival of escaped European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax in Cyprus identified using genetic markers
UR  - https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v7/n1/p49-59/
VL  - 7
ID  - 104
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Commodity territories bear the marks of contested trajectories of material and discursive elements that legitimize the prevailing mode of production. This paper proposes that the implementation and expansion of the commoditization project led by the salmon industry in Chile over the last forty years has produced different kinds of conflict and particular types of social mobilization. We argue that the salmon project in Chile has created fragmented subjects unable to effectively counteract the territorial transformation. We adopt a long-term perspective, looking at a full cycle of the salmon project in its main territory of operation-the Chiloe Archipelago in southern Chile. We begin by identifying key moments of state intervention (frontier, expansion, crisis) that have driven territorial transformation. We then describe emerging actors and their responses in the form of social conflict and mobilization in order to understand their perceptions of the salmon project. Instances of friction have occurred throughout, during which distributional issues and outcry against the ecological degradation of the shared environment have been critical. However, findings reveal that the fragmentation of social and institutional forces has meant that the grievances raised are not focused on a common goal of transforming the project.
AN  - rayyan-321502317
AU  - Bustos-Gallardo, Beatriz
AU  - Delamaza, Gonzalo
AU  - Rivas, Ricardo
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2021
SP  - 103-130
ST  - Project and Territory: Salmon Farming and Social Transformations in the Island of Chiloe, Chile
TI  - Project and Territory: Salmon Farming and Social Transformations in the Island of Chiloe, Chile
VL  - 20
ID  - 154
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - With 25% of the world’s coastline, Canada is endowed with enormous potential for marine aquaculture. Its development on both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, however, has come under increasingly intense public scrutiny and generated heated debate over many issues including First Nations territorial rights, impacts on wild fisheries, and environmental impacts. Provincial governments, industry alliances, scientists and ENGOs (environmental non-governmental organizations) have become increasingly embroiled in a communication tug-of-war to win the hearts and minds of the public. To date, however, there has been very limited community-level research into the public’s awareness of aquaculture, the information sources viewed as being most credible, and the issues that resonate the most. This paper reports the results of a study undertaken in small coastal communities on Canada’s Pacific (west) and Atlantic (east) coasts that investigated awareness of aquaculture, and the issues that people associate with its development. While many studies have focused exclusively on attitudes related to either finfish or shellfish farming, this study explores community perceptions related to salmon, shellfish and seaweed farming. Significant differences exist between the Atlantic and Pacific coast respondents in terms of their familiarity with and evaluation of different farming systems, the information sources that they rely upon, and their perceptions of the reliability of different information sources.
AN  - rayyan-321502009
AU  - Flaherty, Mark
AU  - Reid, Gregor
AU  - Chopin, Thierry
AU  - Latham, Erin
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-018-0312-9
PY  - 2019
SP  - 9-32
ST  - Public attitudes towards marine aquaculture in Canada: insights from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts
TI  - Public attitudes towards marine aquaculture in Canada: insights from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2124646194?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=m6Zr4%2BK6meMfszjCX2i8EGT%2BovY%3D
VL  - 27
ID  - 139
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This paper reports the results of a survey on public attitudes towards aquaculture, using salmon farming in Scotland as a case study. The aims have been to identify the priority that people attach to the environmental performance of the salmon aquaculture industry, relative to other objectives, and to measure the economic benefits to society from salmon farmed using methods that cause less organic pollution. The results indicate that the public attach a relatively high importance to minimizing environmental damage from aquaculture, and this is parallel with the observation that people are willing to pay a price for salmon produced in a more environment-friendly way.
AN  - rayyan-343237974
AU  - Whitmarsh, D.
AU  - Wattage, P.
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:10.1002/eet.406
PY  - 2006
SP  - 108-121
ST  - Public attitudes towards the environmental impact of salmon aquaculture in Scotland
TI  - Public attitudes towards the environmental impact of salmon aquaculture in Scotland
VL  - 16
ID  - 288
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Stakeholders are increasingly being involved in decision-making on environmental management and development issues. In this paper we explore the gap between governmental development planning and people's needs and aspirations in the Aysen Fjord, Chile, an area that is experiencing rapid economic growth. The coastal area of the region is expected to hold 70% of the future expansion of Chilean salmon aquaculture. A questionnaire was submitted to 13-14 year-old students attending the public schools of the area. It aimed at evaluating how much the priorities of the regional government plan of development fit the priorities of the youth part of the population concerning the socio-economic development of the area. Answers were analysed with statistical multivariate methods including clustering and permutation techniques. The results show that there is a relevant gap between the ongoing policy and students' expectations. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
AN  - rayyan-279910977
AU  - Ianni, Elena
AU  - Feoli, Enrico
AU  - Marin, Victor H.
AU  - Delgado, Luisa E.
DA  - 2009
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2009
SP  - 303
ST  - Quantifying public perceptions on socio-economic development - an example from the Aysen Watershed, Chile
TI  - Quantifying public perceptions on socio-economic development - an example from the Aysen Watershed, Chile
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/222638370?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=J1cyAthd4dp5vkigUfEvFjGr2HA%3D
VL  - 12
ID  - 95
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Many Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, populations are decreasing throughout the species' distributional range probably due to several factors acting in concert. A number of studies have documented the influence of freshwater and ocean conditions, climate variability and human impacts resulting from impoundment and aquaculture. However, most previous research has focused on analyzing single or only a few populations, and quantified isolated effects rather than handling multiple factors in conjunction. By using a multi-river mixed-effects model we estimated the effects of oceanic and river conditions, as well as human impacts, on year-to-year and between-river variability across 60 time series of recreational catch of one-sea-winter salmon (grilse) from Norwegian rivers over 29 years (1979-2007). Warm coastal temperatures at the time of smolt entrance into the sea and increased water discharge during upstream migration of mature fish were associated with higher rod catches of grilse. When hydropower stations were present in the course of the river systems the strength of the relationship with runoff was reduced. Catches of grilse in the river increased significantly following the reduction of the harvesting of this life-stage at sea. However, an average decreasing temporal trend was still detected and appeared to be stronger in the presence of salmon farms on the migration route of smolts in coastal/fjord areas. These results suggest that both ocean and freshwater conditions in conjunction with various human impacts contribute to shape interannual fluctuations and between-river variability of wild Atlantic salmon in Norwegian rivers. Current global change altering coastal temperature and water flow patterns might have implications for future grilse catches, moreover, positioning of aquaculture facilities as well as the implementation of hydropower schemes or other encroachments should be made with care when implementing management actions and searching for solutions to conserve this species.
AN  - rayyan-343237481
AU  - Otero, J.
AU  - Jensen, A. J.
AU  - L'Abée-Lund, J. H.
AU  - Stenseth, N. C.
AU  - Storvik, G. O.
AU  - Vøllestad, L. A.
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024005
PY  - 2011
SP  - e24005
ST  - Quantifying the ocean, freshwater and human effects on year-to-year variability of one-sea-winter Atlantic salmon angled in multiple Norwegian rivers
TI  - Quantifying the ocean, freshwater and human effects on year-to-year variability of one-sea-winter Atlantic salmon angled in multiple Norwegian rivers
ID  - 266
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Farmed salmon strains have been selected to improve growth rates as well as other traits of commercial interest but the 2 million farmed salmon escaping annually may enhance the risk of extinction of wild populations through genetic and ecological interactions. Here, we compare the transcription profiles of 3557 genes in the progeny of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon from Norway and Canada grown in controlled conditions, and demonstrate that five to seven generations of artificial selection led to heritable changes in gene transcription profiles, the average magnitude of the differences being 25% and 18% for at least 1.4% and 1.7% of the expressed genes in juvenile salmon from Norway and Canada, respectively. Moreover, genes showing significant transcription profile differences in both farmed strains (16%) all exhibited parallel changes. These findings, along with the identification of several genes whose expression profiles were modified through artificial selection, provide new insights into the molecular basis of parallel evolution, and suggest how gene flow from farmed escapees may affect the genetic integrity of wild populations.
AN  - rayyan-321502213
AU  - Roberge, Christian
AU  - Einum, Sigurd
AU  - Guderley, Helga
AU  - Bernatchez, Louis
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02807.x
PY  - 2006
SP  - 9-20
ST  - Rapid parallel evolutionary changes of gene transcription profiles in farmed Atlantic salmon
TI  - Rapid parallel evolutionary changes of gene transcription profiles in farmed Atlantic salmon
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/17458185?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=3Juwe1LREIdd%2Fvp372cC9imF3%2Fk%3D
VL  - 15
ID  - 147
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Escape of migratory finfish species from fish farms, such as Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., offer a challenge when considering the environmental risks of cage culture. The migratory behaviour of groups of cultured salmon smolts and postsmolts after a simulated escape was studied in a small fjord from May to October using telemetry. Five groups of fish were released approximately every 6 wk from mid-May to late October, each of them composed of 15 to 20 fish equipped with acoustic transmitters and 1780 to 3700 individuals tagged with T-bar anchor tags. The migratory behaviour of the smolts was well developed in postsmolts for at least 6 wk after transfer to sea cages in May, but was less evident in August and was almost absent 2 mo later, when residency was prominent. In contrast to the first 2 groups that moved out of the 21 km-long fjord within a few days, fish released from August to October were being recaptured in the fjord several months after release. The actions required to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of cage-rearing therefore appear to depend on the developmental stage the fish has reached when it escapes. During the first summer months in the sea, efforts to prevent rapidly migrating smolts and postsmolts from escaping should be given priority. The chance of recapture in the small fjord used in this study increased as fish grew and dispersal rate decreased in autumn.
AN  - rayyan-343236678
AU  - Skilbrei, Ove T.
DA  - 2010
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00013
PY  - 2010
SP  - 117-125
ST  - Reduced migratory performance of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts from a simulated escape during autumn
TI  - Reduced migratory performance of farmed Atlantic salmon post-smolts from a simulated escape during autumn
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/839702187?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=9ZzB%2BszihBOR76NDyczkGg8RMQ8%3D
VL  - 1
ID  - 246
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - We compared changes in the benthos associated with discharges from a salmon farm at a low-flow location in Pelorus Sound, Aotearoa-New Zealand to the Pearson and Rosenberg model (PRM). As predicted by PRM, benthic enrichment resulted in significant increases in abundance of small, opportunistic macrofauna beneath salmon farm cages. In contrast, at reference sites we found fewer but larger, rare species. When estimates for biomass were calculated from macrofaunal size-classes, reference sites averaged 4.86 times more biomass and 4.35 times greater diversity than farm sites – results also consistent with the PRM. Farm sites favoured deposit feeders at the expense of suspension feeders and grazers. We discuss the significance of large rare species that contributed most to reference biomass estimates that appear under threat from multiple anthropogenic stressors.
AN  - rayyan-271834165
AU  - Handley, Sean J.
AU  - Morrisey, Don
AU  - Depree, Craig
AU  - Carter, Megan
AU  - Mejía Torres, Luis A.
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111303
PY  - 2020
SP  - 1
ST  - Relative macrofaunal biomass reduced under an enriched salmon farm, Pelorus Sound, Aotearoa-New Zealand
TI  - Relative macrofaunal biomass reduced under an enriched salmon farm, Pelorus Sound, Aotearoa-New Zealand
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2444682369?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=sEnbmYa6360p%2FXcAlTkWZhp5ecA%3D
VL  - 157
ID  - 14
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - INTRODUCTION The rapid rise of salmon netpen aquaculture (referred to as “aquaculture” or “salmon farming” in this chapter) has transformed global salmon markets. Since 1990, global farm salmon production has increased five-fold, and farms recently surpassed commercial fisheries as the largest source of marketed salmon (FAO 2003). Global salmon output, including fishery catch, has grown from less than 800 000 tonnes to more than 2 million tonnes during the past 15 years. Virtually all of the increase has come from farms. The global aquaculture industry, including salmon aquaculture, currently contributes over one-third of total world fish supplies (FAO 2003). In this chapter we examine the growth in global farm salmon production and its economic consequences for fishermen in Alaska, where salmon netpen aquaculture is prohibited. Featured in this paper are the results of a survey of Alaskan salmon fishermen that we conducted in 2002-03. The survey results illustrate the economic impacts of the aquaculture industry on individual fishermen, the fishermen’s adjustments to changing economic conditions in the fishery, and their views on the causes and possible solutions to the current “crisis.” We also describe how policy in Alaska has influenced the efficiency of fishing activities and discuss how the survey results might be used to inform the political debate on restructuring the state’s salmon fishery. BACKGROUND Salmon netpen farming originated in Norway in the early 1970s and expanded into Scotland, Japan, Chile, Canada, and the United States in the 1980s (Anderson 1997). © Cambridge University Press 2007.
AN  - rayyan-321503677
AU  - Naylor, R.
AU  - Eagle, J.
AU  - Smith, W.
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:10.1017/CBO9780511542183.014
PY  - 2007
SP  - 244-268
ST  - Response of Alaskan fishermen to aquaculture and the salmon crisis
TI  - Response of Alaskan fishermen to aquaculture and the salmon crisis
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857976405&doi=10.1017%2fCBO9780511542183.014&partnerID=40&md5=b55ff9bb457fde41cccf6fa67f6b8d31
ID  - 210
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This study investigates the effects on hard-bottom macro-zoobenthic communities of converting a mariculture plant into an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system. This study was conducted from 2018 to 2021 in the semi-enclosed Mar Grande basin of Taranto (northern Ionian Sea), on a facility located 600 m off the coastline, with a production capacity of 100 tons per year of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and seabream (Sparus aurata). The results from seasonal sampling performed in a treatment site, where bioremediators (filter-feeding invertebrates such as sponges, polychaetes, mussels, and macroalgae) were deployed, and a control site without bioremediators were compared. Before the IMTA installation, the hard substrates under the cages were sparsely inhabited, with significant sediment coverage. By 2021, the treatment site exhibited revitalized and more diverse macro-zoobenthic communities, with species richness increasing from 83 taxa in 2018 to 104 taxa, including notable growth in sponges, annelids, mollusks, and bryozoans. In contrast, the control site showed no substantial changes in biodiversity over the same period. Biodiversity indices, including Shannon and Margalef indices, improved significantly at the treatment site, particularly during summer months, highlighting a more resilient and balanced benthic environment. Taxonomic distinctness (delta+) and multivariate analyses (PERMANOVA, PCO) confirmed significant spatial and temporal shifts in community structure at the treatment site, driven by IMTA implementation. SIMPER analysis identified key taxa contributing to these changes, which played a pivotal role in structuring the community. The emergence of filter feeders, predators, and omnivores at the treatment site suggests enhanced nutrient cycling and trophic complexity, while the decline in opportunistic species further supports improved environmental conditions. These findings demonstrate the potential of IMTA to promote recovery and sustainable mariculture practices, also offering a comprehensive understanding of its positive effects on hard-bottom benthic community dynamics.
AN  - rayyan-279910319
AU  - Trani, Roberta
AU  - Pierri, Cataldo
AU  - Pierri, Cataldo
AU  - Schiavo, Antonella
AU  - Lazic, Tamara
AU  - Mercurio, Ma
DA  - 2025
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13010143
PY  - 2025
SP  - 143
ST  - Response of Hard-Bottom Macro-Zoobenthos to the Transition of a Mediterranean Mariculture Fish Plant (Mar Grande of Taranto, Ionian Sea) into an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) System
TI  - Response of Hard-Bottom Macro-Zoobenthos to the Transition of a Mediterranean Mariculture Fish Plant (Mar Grande of Taranto, Ionian Sea) into an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) System
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/3159531276?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=V3G2ltfN3V3yVq10U3fTknGpZvM%3D
VL  - 13
ID  - 71
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Samples for benthic meiofauna were collected in the vicinity of a salmon aquaculture farm in Bliss Harbour, Bay of Fundy, Canada in early August 1990. Simultaneously, samples for water content, organic carbon, organic nitrogen were collected, and redox potential and benthic oxygen consumption were measured. Meiobenthic size-spectra of biomass and respiration (calculated using allometric equations) were examined at three locations along a gradient of sediment organic enrichment radiating from the farm. Neither biomass nor respiration size-spectra were significantly different between locations despite a decrease in taxon diversity with increasing sediment organic enrichment. Small nematodes were the single largest contributor to respiration and usually to biomass at all locations, particularly at the most organically enriched location directly under the salmon farm. Calculated meiofauna respiration accounted for a greater proportion of total benthic community respiration in organically enriched sediments than in less enriched sediments.
AN  - rayyan-343237143
AU  - Duplisea, D. E.
AU  - Hargrave, B. T.
DA  - 1996
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 1996
SP  - 161-170
ST  - Response of meiobenthic size-structure, biomass and respiration to sediment organic enrichment
TI  - Response of meiobenthic size-structure, biomass and respiration to sediment organic enrichment
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/15879933?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=OJH2YnUZzhu9BqI24Mqyi9tLZl8%3D
VL  - 339
ID  - 258
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Geir Lasse Taranger1, Orjan Karlsen2*, Raymond John Bannister1, Kevin Alan Glover1, Vivian Husa1, Egil Karlsbakk1, Bjorn Olav Kvamme1, Karin Kroon Boxaspen1, Pal Arne Bjorn3, Bengt Finstad4, Abdullah Sami Madhun1, H. Craig Morton1, and Terje Svasand1 Institute of Marine Research, PB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, N-5392 Storebo, Norway Institute of Marine Research, PB 6404, N-9294 Tromso, Norway Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, PB 5685 Sluppen, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway *Corresponding author: tel: +47 4691 2740; fax: +47 5618 2222; e-mail: OrjanK@imr.no
AN  - rayyan-321502032
AU  - Taranger, Geir Lasse
AU  - Karlsen, Ørjan
AU  - Bannister, Raymond
AU  - Glover, Kevin A.
AU  - Husa, Vivian
AU  - Karlsba
DA  - 2014
DO  - doi:doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu132
PY  - 2014
SP  - 997-1021
ST  - Risk assessment of the environmental impact of Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming
TI  - Risk assessment of the environmental impact of Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming
UR  - https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/72/3/997/686282
VL  - 72
ID  - 142
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Scotland is currently one of the major aquaculture producers of Atlantic salmon. However, alongside its rapid growth over the last two decades, advocacy and conservation groups have initiated petitions, campaigns, and legal challenges, resulting in a perception that Scottish fin-fish farming is having a crises of social acceptance. A qualitative, grounded, case study approach was taken to explore this issue in-depth, using the theoretical framework of social license to operate. The Isle of Lewis and Harris and the county of Argyll and Bute were chosen due to their shared maritime cultures, the prominence of fin-fish aquaculture, and cultural and socio-economic differences between them. Interviews with community members and stakeholders were thematically analysed and showed that perceptions of fin-fish farming are complex. Community identity, as well as industry identity are shown to play an important role in perceptions of the industry. This has impacts upon SLO for the fin-fish farming industry, and the actions that the industry takes to integrate with local communities. Further, this work adds to the expanding evidence base within SLO literature, that context is key, and should be a significant consideration in an industry's corporate social strategy.
AN  - rayyan-279909895
AU  - Ford, Eleanor
AU  - Billing, Suzannah-Lynn
AU  - Hughes, Adam D.
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738081
PY  - 2022
ST  - The role of community and company identities in the social license to operate for fin-fish farming
TI  - The role of community and company identities in the social license to operate for fin-fish farming
VL  - 553
ID  - 57
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Antimicrobials used in salmon aquaculture pass into the marine environment. This could have negative impacts on marine environmental biodiversity, and on terrestrial animal and human health as a result of selection for bacteria containing antimicrobial resistance genes. We therefore measured the numbers of culturable bacteria and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in marine sediments in the Calbuco Archipelago, Chile, over 12-month period at a salmon aquaculture site approximately 20 m from a salmon farm and at a control site 8 km distant without observable aquaculture activities. Three antimicrobials extensively used in Chilean salmon aquaculture (oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, and florfenicol) were studied. Although none of these antimicrobials was detected in sediments from either site, traces of flumequine, a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial also widely used in Chile, were present in sediments from both sites during this period. There were significant increases in bacterial numbers and antimicrobial-resistant fractions to oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, and florfenicol in sediments from the aquaculture site compared to those from the control site. Interestingly, there were similar numbers of presumably plasmid-mediated resistance genes for oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and florfenicol in unselected marine bacteria isolated from both aquaculture and control sites. These preliminary findings in one location may suggest that the current use of large amounts of antimicrobials in Chilean aquaculture has the potential to select for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in marine sediments.
AN  - rayyan-279911375
AU  - Buschmann, A. H.
AU  - Tomova, A.
AU  - López, A.
AU  - Maldonado, M. A.
AU  - Henríquez, L. A.
AU  - Ivanova, L.
AU  - Moy, F.
DA  - 2012
DO  - doi:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042724
PY  - 2012
SP  - e42724
ST  - Salmon aquaculture and antimicrobial resistance in the marine environment
TI  - Salmon aquaculture and antimicrobial resistance in the marine environment
VL  - 7
ID  - 102
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The strategic conflict over salmon aquaculture development in the province of British Columbia, Canada, is analyzed systematically using the graph model for conflict resolution. The decision support system GMCR II, which permits the graph model methodology to be conveniently implemented in practice, is used to model and analyze the strategic interaction of aquaculturists, environmental groups, First Nations, other stakeholders, and the provincial and federal governments. This study is timely because the controversial moratorium on the expansion of the salmon aquaculture industry was lifted recently, with the express purpose of fostering economic growth. Strategic insights gained from the graph model analyses demonstrate how difficult it will be to develop salmon aquaculture so as to balance multiple objectives including sustainability, shielding of the natural aquatic ecosystem, economic benefits, and social welfare for key stakeholders. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
AN  - rayyan-279910660
AU  - Hamouda, L.
AU  - Hipel, K. W.
AU  - Kilgour, D. M.
AU  - Noakes, D. J.
AU  - Fang, L.
AU  - McDaniels, T.
DA  - 2005
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.02.001
PY  - 2005
SP  - 571-587
ST  - The salmon aquaculture conflict in British Columbia: A graph model analysis
TI  - The salmon aquaculture conflict in British Columbia: A graph model analysis
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23944461580&doi=10.1016%2fj.ocecoaman.2005.02.001&partnerID=40&md5=5a7d5502c15c429888f2f4a919b662e1
VL  - 48
ID  - 83
ER  - 

TY  - THES
AN  - rayyan-423824799
AU  - Markussen, Kari Branem
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:
PB  - UiT The Arctic University of Norway
PY  - 2022
ST  - Salmon aquaculture waste effects on the distribution of epibenthic invertebrates and demersal fish and subsequent impacts on Atlantic cod dietary items
TI  - Salmon aquaculture waste effects on the distribution of epibenthic invertebrates and demersal fish and subsequent impacts on Atlantic cod dietary items
ID  - 314
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-321503513
AU  - Gargan, P. G.
AU  - Tully, O.
AU  - Poole, W. R.
DA  - 2003
DO  - doi:doi:10.1002/9780470995495.ch10
PY  - 2003
SP  - 119-135
ST  - Salmon at the Edge - Relationship Between Sea Lice Infestation, Sea Lice Production and Sea Trout Survival in Ireland, 1992‐2001
TI  - Salmon at the Edge - Relationship Between Sea Lice Infestation, Sea Lice Production and Sea Trout Survival in Ireland, 1992‐2001
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9780470995495.ch10
ID  - 204
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In Norway, 29 fjords and 52 rivers have been designated for protection in order to prevent the infection of important populations of wild salmonids with salmon lice of farm origin. We evaluated the effect of this protection on the lice infection pressure for wild salmonids based on lice counts performed on wild-caught sea trout and Arctic charr inside onethird of these protected fjords (known as 'National Salmon Fjords'). Results indicate that these areas may provide a certain extent of protection against lice of farm origin, but their configuration will play a key role in their success. When the size and shape of a protected area are such that fish farms are kept at a minimum distance (calculated here as at least 30 km, but this distance is likely site-dependent), wild fish seem unaffected by the direct lice infection pressure imposed by fish farms. In contrast, the effects of small protected fjords were strongly dependent on the production pattern of the aquaculture industry in the surrounding area, and we found a clear correlation between lice levels on wild salmonids and lice production in nearby salmon farms. To establish more precise management practices, both in National Salmon Fjords and other fjord systems along the Norwegian coast, the development and validation of accurate distribution and abundance models for the dispersion of planktonic lice larvae is needed; this could also be the basis for an area management system based on 'maximum sustainable lice loads' or Tice quotas.'
AN  - rayyan-321501403
AU  - Serra-Llinares, R. M.
AU  - Bjorn, P. A.
AU  - Finstad, B.
AU  - Nilsen, R.
AU  - Harbitz, A.
AU  - Berg, M.
AU  - Asplin, L.
DA  - 2014
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00090
PY  - 2014
SP  - 1-16
ST  - Salmon lice infection on wild salmonids in marine protected areas: an evaluation of the Norwegian jNational Salmon Fjordsr
TI  - Salmon lice infection on wild salmonids in marine protected areas: an evaluation of the Norwegian jNational Salmon Fjordsr
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1635037366?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=ksvsK3TMqiN%2FjApobrVKI%2FWrMh4%3D
VL  - 5
ID  - 110
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Social license reflects environmental and social change, and sees community as an important stakeholder and partner. Science, scientists, and science policy have a key role in the processes that generate social license. In this paper, we focus on the interaction between science and social license in salmon aquaculture in south-eastern Tasmania. This research suggests that social license will be supported by distributed and credible knowledge co-production. Drawing on qualitative, interpretive social research we argue that targeted science, instilled by appropriate science policy, can underpin social license by supporting emerging, distributed, and pluralistic knowledge production. Where social license is important and environmental contexts are complex, such knowledge production might support environmental governance, and so improve outcomes in coastal zone management and beyond. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.
AN  - rayyan-321502927
AU  - Leith, P.
AU  - Ogier, E.
AU  - Haward, M.
DA  - 2014
DO  - doi:doi:10.1080/02691728.2014.922641
PY  - 2014
SP  - 277-296
ST  - Science and Social License: Defining Environmental Sustainability of Atlantic Salmon Aquaculture in South-Eastern Tasmania, Australia
TI  - Science and Social License: Defining Environmental Sustainability of Atlantic Salmon Aquaculture in South-Eastern Tasmania, Australia
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900318423&doi=10.1080%2f02691728.2014.922641&partnerID=40&md5=729740427beb1ed6423aba7871a55f7b
VL  - 28
ID  - 173
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The spread of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) from salmon farms may threaten some wild salmon populations. Infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) have been associated with high mortality and population decline. Using stock–recruit data for pink salmon from the central coast of British Columbia, we analyzed how fishing mortality and spatial covariation combine with louse infestation to affect pink salmon population dynamics. The results indicate substantial coherence in survival at nested spatial scales — large-scale regional covariation and smaller scale covariation within management areas. Populations exposed to salmon farms (those from the Broughton Archipelago) show a sharp decline in productivity during sea lice infestations relative to pre-infestation years. Unexposed populations (comprising four management areas) did not experience a change in productivity during infestation years and had similar productivity to exposed populations before infestations. Our results s...
AN  - rayyan-321502469
AU  - Krkošek, Martin
AU  - Hilborn, Ray
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:10.1139/f10-137
PY  - 2011
SP  - 17-29
ST  - Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations and the productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada
TI  - Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations and the productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada
UR  - https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/F10-137
VL  - 68
ID  - 159
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The risk of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) transmission to wild juvenile Pacific salmon has spurred management change to reduce lice on salmon farms. We studied the abundance of planktonic lice preceding the juvenile salmon outmigration as well as the abundance of lice on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in two distinct migration routes, one containing only fallow farms and the other active farms that applied a parasiticide. Results indicate that fallowing reduces the abundance and flattens the spatial distribution of lice relative to that expected in areas without farms. Active farms remained the primary source of lice, but transmission was reduced 100-fold relative to previous epizootics in the study area. On the migration route containing active farms, ∼50% of the juvenile salmon showed evidence of louse damage to surface tissues and the estimated direct louse-induced mortality was <10%, not including indirect effects of infection on predation risk or competition. The survival of the pink salmon cohort was not statistically different from a reference region without salmon farms. Although repeated use of a single parasiticide can lead to resistance, reducing louse transmission from farmed salmon may help conserve some wild Pacific salmon populations.
AN  - rayyan-279909327
AU  - Morton, A.
AU  - Routledge, R.
AU  - McConnell, A.
AU  - Krkošek, M.
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsq146
PY  - 2011
SP  - 144-156
ST  - Sea lice dispersion and salmon survival in relation to salmon farm activity in the Broughton Archipelago
TI  - Sea lice dispersion and salmon survival in relation to salmon farm activity in the Broughton Archipelago
VL  - 68
ID  - 32
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-279910886
AU  - Godwin, Sean C.
DA  - 2018
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2018
ST  - Sea lice in the North Pacific: from sub-lethal effects on wild salmon to parasite management and policy
TI  - Sea lice in the North Pacific: from sub-lethal effects on wild salmon to parasite management and policy
UR  - https://summit.sfu.ca/item/20619
ID  - 91
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The Kitasoo/Xai'xais First Nation established a program to monitor sea lice levels on seaward migrating wild juvenile salmon in their traditional territory which contains the most northerly salmon farming region of British Columbia. A total of 12 locations were routinely sampled during the period between 2005 and 2008 to gain a better understanding of the levels and patterns of sea lice infestation on wild salmonids in the region. Over 5000 juvenile salmon were collected and examined for sea lice. Around 78% were identified as pink salmon, 18% were chum salmon and the remainder classified as 'other' salmon (coho and sockeye salmon). Two species of sea lice were observed: Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi. Over 91% of all the juvenile salmon examined had no sea lice and there was no significant difference in L. salmonis prevalence levels among salmon species. However, chum salmon had significantly lower C. clemensi prevalence levels than either pink or 'other' salmon. There were significant annual and regional differences in L. salmonis prevalence on juvenile pink salmon; the lowest prevalence in all sampling zones occurring in 2008, while channels containing salmon farms consistently had higher levels than those without salmon farms. Mean prevalence of L. salmonis in the channels with salmon farms ranged from 2% to 9% which is lower than levels published for the same region in different years or for other areas without salmon farms. C. clemensi prevalence on wild pink salmon was associated with sampling zone and the size of pink salmon; larger juvenile fish were more likely to be infected than smaller fish. During the period of wild juvenile salmon migration, the mean abundance of motile stages of L. salmonis on farmed salmon ranged from 0.13 to 0.79 lice per fish but there were no significant differences among years. In comparison, C. clemensi abundance levels on farms were significantly higher in 2005. Factors contributing to variations in these observations are discussed. © 2011.
AN  - rayyan-343238478
AU  - Saksida, S. M.
AU  - Greba, L.
AU  - Morrison, D.
AU  - Revie, C. W.
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.018
PY  - 2011
SP  - 193-198
ST  - Sea lice on wild juvenile Pacific salmon and farmed Atlantic salmon in the northernmost salmon farming region of British Columbia
TI  - Sea lice on wild juvenile Pacific salmon and farmed Atlantic salmon in the northernmost salmon farming region of British Columbia
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054048970&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2011.07.018&partnerID=40&md5=20cb154bd752644627a97d695381e9b4
VL  - 320
ID  - 302
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The long-term effects of the sea lice treatment products Excis and Slice on zooplankton communities in a Scottish sea loch were investigated at a commercially operating salmon farm over 31 months. Cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate are the active ingredients in Excis and Slice respectively, which are widely used to control ectoparasitic sea lice on farmed salmon. Excis and Slice treatments did not cause basin-wide effects on the zooplankton community. For both formulations, no adverse affects on zooplankton were detected, instead observed changes in zooplankton abundance and community composition displayed natural seasonal cycles of abundance. Water column concentrations of cypermethrin and emamectin benzoate following sea lice treatments at the fish farm were predicted using models. Cypermethrin concentrations of 3000 ng/l were predicted for short periods immediately after each cage treatment assuming no particle adhesion. The 3-h and 24-h Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) were exceeded for 10 h and 32 h respectively on the second day when five cages were treated. However, cypermethrin concentrations higher than 0.5 ng/l (24-h EQS) were predicted to occur over -2% of the total basin area on each treatment day. The 3-h EQS (16 ng/l) was exceeded in -0.3% of the basin on each treatment day. The concentration of soluble emamectin benzoate present in the water column was predicted from modelled deposition footprints and sediment concentrations to be of order 10 super(-3) ng/l. Predicted concentrations of both chemicals were generally lower than those causing toxicity to copepods in previous laboratory studies and further support the results of this field study that environmental concentrations of Excis and Slice do not adversely impact zooplankton communities.
AN  - rayyan-343236650
AU  - Willis, K. J.
AU  - Gillibrand, P. A.
AU  - Cromey, C. J.
AU  - Black, K. D.
DA  - 2005
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.001
PY  - 2005
SP  - 806-816
ST  - Sea lice treatments on salmon farms have no adverse effects on zooplankton communities: a case study
TI  - Sea lice treatments on salmon farms have no adverse effects on zooplankton communities: a case study
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/17068262?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=o8Mcr1qXFXjny7mzhD9UBdf9p5E%3D
VL  - 50
ID  - 244
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Background: Pathogens are growing threats to wildlife. The rapid growth of marine salmon farms over the past two decades has increased host abundance for pathogenic sea lice in coastal waters, and wild juvenile salmon swimming past farms are frequently infected with lice. Here we report the first investigation of the potential role of salmon farms in transmitting sea lice to juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Methodology/Principal Findings: We used genetic analyses to determine the origin of sockeye from Canada's two most important salmon rivers, the Fraser and Skeena; Fraser sockeye migrate through a region with salmon farms, and Skeena sockeye do not. We compared lice levels between Fraser and Skeena juvenile sockeye, and within the salmon farm region we compared lice levels on wild fish either before or after migration past farms. We matched the latter data on wild juveniles with sea lice data concurrently gathered on farms. Fraser River sockeye migrating through a region with salmon farms hosted an order of magnitude more sea lice than Skeena River populations, where there are no farms. Lice abundances on juvenile sockeye in the salmon farm region were substantially higher downstream of farms than upstream of farms for the two common species of lice: Caligus clemensi and Lepeophtheirus salmonis, and changes in their proportions between two years matched changes on the fish farms. Mixed-effects models show that position relative to salmon farms best explained C. clemensi abundance on sockeye, while migration year combined with position relative to salmon farms and temperature was one of two top models to explain L. salmonis abundance. Conclusions/Significance: This is the first study to demonstrate a potential role of salmon farms in sea lice transmission to juvenile sockeye salmon during their critical early marine migration. Moreover, it demonstrates a major migration corridor past farms for sockeye that originated in the Fraser River, a complex of populations that are the subject of conservation concern. © 2011 Price et al.
AN  - rayyan-343236279
AU  - Price, M. H. H.
AU  - Proboszcz, S. L.
AU  - Routledge, R. D.
AU  - Gottesfeld, A. S.
AU  - Orr, C.
AU  - Reynolds, J. D.
DA  - 2011
DO  - doi:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016851
PY  - 2011
ST  - Sea louse infection of juvenile sockeye salmon in relation to marine salmon farms on Canada's west coast
TI  - Sea louse infection of juvenile sockeye salmon in relation to marine salmon farms on Canada's west coast
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951796054&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0016851&partnerID=40&md5=b3d8d09e0b9e68b49a7f2d7c638714bb
VL  - 6
ID  - 232
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - During the period from September 2000 to September 2001 a monthly sediment interfacial and profile sampling was conducted at two stations within Lime Kiln Bay. This Bay has been utilized for salmon culture since 1981. Station R was seaward of bar, which separated the two basins within the Bay and station E was located in the inner, landward basin. Both stations were close to salmon lease sites, but were >100 m away from cages and so were not exposed to direct, near-field deposition (waste food, salmon faeces) from the cages. Reported here are the monthly results for redox, total sulfide, chlorophyll a, phaeophytin, enzymatically hydrolyzable amino acids, sediment interfacial temperature, sediment profile imaging and macrofaunal community characteristics, for stations R and E.
AN  - rayyan-343237385
DA  - 2002
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2002
SP  - 49-49
ST  - Seasonal patterns of biological and physical variables in sediments of Lime Kiln Bay during 2000-2001
TI  - Seasonal patterns of biological and physical variables in sediments of Lime Kiln Bay during 2000-2001
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/18728501?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=40Auj9sSosZxTb6Q5zqW%2FZc1y1w%3D
ID  - 262
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Benthic microbial communities exhibit natural seasonal variations in community structure. Analysis of microbial community structure by phospholipid fatty acid profiles and principal component analysis revealed similar seasonal patterns of change for two marine sites. One site was considered pristine while the other experienced anthropogenic organic enrichment (the waste food and feces from a salmon net-pen facility). Seasonal patterns of change were found to dominate at both sites, but the changes induced by organic enrichment could be detected after variation due to the seasonal patterns were removed. The seasonal patterns of change were best described as increased importance of microeukaryotes and aerobes (20:5ω3, 16:4ω1, 18:1ω7) during cold-water months and increased importance of bacteria and anaerobes (i16:0, a15:0, 16:1ω7t) during warm-water months. Organic enrichment induced increased importance of a chemolithotrophic community within the sediments that is best characterized by the microbial assemblage found in Beggiatoa-type mats. These results once again demonstrate the utility of the phospholipid fatty acid profiles for the quantitative description of microbial community structure and suggest that care must be taken to include seasonal factors into experimental designs attempting to determine the effects of anthropogenic stress.
AN  - rayyan-343237390
AU  - Findlay, R. H.
AU  - Watling, L.
DA  - 1997
DO  - doi:doi:10.1021/bk-1997-0671.ch004
PY  - 1997
SP  - 49-64
ST  - Seasonal Variation in Sedimentary Microbial Community Structure as a Backdrop for the Detection of Anthropogenic Stress
TI  - Seasonal Variation in Sedimentary Microbial Community Structure as a Backdrop for the Detection of Anthropogenic Stress
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0347767762&doi=10.1021%2fbk-1997-0671.ch004&partnerID=40&md5=0d8eea1f1a7f8bd7a05afbc84ee8dd35
VL  - 671
ID  - 263
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Numerous studies describing the short-term recovery of benthic habitats impacted by organic wastes from commercial salmon farms have been published. A few of these studies have continued for up to 2 years. The Carrie Bay salmon farm in the Broughton Archipelago of British Columbia began operation in 1990 and produced four crops of Atlantic salmon. It was fallowed in 1998 after producing 2587 mt of Atlantic salmon in the preceding production cycle. Significant accumulations of organic waste were observed near the netpens in 1997 when the farm was close to maximum salmon biomass. Bottom sediments were blackened with iron sulfides and gas ebullition together with extensive Beggiatoa mats were observed to a distance of 145 m on the southern transect in 1997. Patchy Beggia remained near the netpens in 1999. Twelve benthic surveys have been completed in Carrie Bay over the last 7 years. The database reported herein describes slow, but steady, remediation of this site. Chemical remediation, including reductions in total volatile solids (TVS), free sulfides, redox potential and zinc were nearly complete at distances >80 m in 2002 and rapid and significant additional chemical remediation was observed throughout the area in 2003. Sediment concentrations of zinc have declined throughout this study at all distances and were approaching background concentrations in 2002 and 2003. Macrofaunal communities at Carrie Bay's reference stations were dominated by mollusks with significantly fewer annelids and very few crustaceans. This community did not respond to organic enrichment in the classic way described by Pearson and Rosenberg [Oceanogr. Mar. Boil. Annu. Rev. 16 (1978) 229], which has accurately predicted the macrobenthic response at many intensive aquaculture facilities. None of the eight opportunistic taxa frequently found proliferating in enriched sediments near B.C. salmon farms were a large component of the Carrie Bay macrobenthos at any place or at any time. Rather, a single annelid (Nephtys cornuta) was found in moderate abundance and several bivalve mollusks that dominated local reference communities have slowly recruited into the remediating sediments. Biological remediation was nearing completion at distances greater than or equal to 80 m from the netpens, but was not complete under and at shorter distances in 2002 following 4 years of fallow. Based on regression analysis, it is predicted that chemical remediation (sulfides less than or equal to 447 muM) sufficient to support half of the common taxa observed at the local reference station will be complete in 2004 following approximately 65 months in fallow. Unlike four other farms in the Broughton Archipelago, where sulfide concentrations exceeded 20,000 muM, and where chemical remediation has been complete in less than 6 months, sulfide concentrations at Carrie Bay have remained <9410 muM throughout this study. These relatively lower sulfide concentrations; the unique pattern of biological remediation; and the relatively long chemical and biological remediation times observed at Carrie Bay point out the need for a better understanding of the diagenesis of labile carbon compounds in sediments underlying intensive aquaculture operations. A better understanding of the underlying causes of the biochemical processes observed in this study will significantly aid farm operators and regulators in selecting benthic habitats with optimal sustainability for modern salmon farming. In addition to describing the transport of waste, computer programs designed to predict the environmental response to intensive aquaculture must incorporate modules assessing the biogeochemical and biological response to these inputs before their output can predict the unusual responses observed in Carrie Bay. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
AN  - rayyan-279909532
AU  - Brooks, Kenneth M.
AU  - Stierns, Annette R.
AU  - Backman, Clare
DA  - 2004
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2004
SP  - 81
ST  - Seven year remediation study at the Carrie Bay Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farm in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada
TI  - Seven year remediation study at the Carrie Bay Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farm in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/204696594?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=jNIZ7dc1YwIIMTyr5TQPTyRSf%2B0%3D
VL  - 239
ID  - 43
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The extent of the influence of salmon farming on the environment and on the uptake of particulate and dissolved effluents by benthic organisms was assessed using community structure and stable isotope analyses. Sediment cores were collected in 2 directions: perpendicular and parallel to the main residual current, 0, 25 and 200 m from 2 salmon farms (Millstone and Cranford) located in Mulroy Bay, Ireland. In addition, artificial substrates were placed for 2 mo at 1 m depth 0, 25 and 200 m from one farm to trace the uptake of farm-related nutrients byfouling organisms. The extent of measurable change in benthic communities (abundance, diversity, structure, trophic composition) depended on residual current direction. Intraspecific variation in isotopic values in benthic invertebrates was mostly explained by distance from cages. Organisms collected at impacted sites exhibited a shift in isotopic composition towards that of farm wastes. A shift in delta super(13)C was observed in several invertebrates, including the polychaetes Malacoceros fuliginosus and Nephtys hombergii, Nematoda and the anemone Anthopleura balii. Fouling communities collected on artificial structures, mainly composed of the tunicate Ascidiella aspersa, showed higher delta super(15)N values at fish cage sites compared to sites 200 m away. The study demonstrated that fish effluents were assimilated and became food sources for several organisms.
AN  - rayyan-321502970
AU  - Callier, M. D.
AU  - Lefebvre, S.
AU  - Dunagan, M. K.
AU  - Bataille, M. P.
AU  - Coughlan, J.
AU  - Crowe, T. P.
DA  - 2013
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10251
PY  - 2013
SP  - 153-167
ST  - Shift in benthic assemblages and organisms' diet at salmon farms: community structure and stable isotope analyses
TI  - Shift in benthic assemblages and organisms' diet at salmon farms: community structure and stable isotope analyses
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1448219283?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=qjfCWojF7Ps6TB1qjPSfJA6BnY8%3D
VL  - 483
ID  - 174
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The social acceptability of aquaculture is linked to its perceived environmental impact, and this clearly poses a challenge to policy makers in deciding what weight to attach to such a concern within a governance framework for the industry. Using salmon farming in Scotland as a case study, we have developed a survey-based approach to evaluating public and stakeholder attitudes towards the environmental performance of aquaculture. The survey of the general public finds marked regional variations in attitudes towards salmon farming, while the results of the stakeholder survey raise issues over how far the preferences of particular interest groups are truly representative of the community as a whole.
AN  - rayyan-321502505
AU  - Whitmarsh, D.
AU  - Palmieri, M. G.
DA  - 2009
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.10.003
PY  - 2009
SP  - 452-457
ST  - Social acceptability of marine aquaculture: The use of survey-based methods for eliciting public and stakeholder preferences
TI  - Social acceptability of marine aquaculture: The use of survey-based methods for eliciting public and stakeholder preferences
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/20355465?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=T%2BAZQItrR5CmKm26FwHkDYuARNU%3D
VL  - 33
ID  - 160
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Aquaculture is a technique to produce food that is under debate, due to its possible consequences for altering the economy, traditional fishing included, or the environment, even with doubts about the health of consumers. This document studies its social acceptance from the point of view of carrying capacity. This term is defined as the level at which this activity begins to be disproportionate and poses important disadvantages for society. In this context, we conducted 803 surveys in six coastal provinces in Spain. The results show that the acceptance of these products is good, implying that aquaculture is far from reaching its saturation point in society. Additionally, the respondents gave a higher priority to socio-economic objectives than to environmental ones. We can conclude that the further development of this sector is advisable in these provinces. The general perception of aquaculture is better among men, and also among higher-income consumers. Informative activities should be organized to target these more hesitant groups. Production structures should be revised to overcome biases in the population about the idea that the food obtained from aquaculture harms the environment or is less natural or healthy. The possible abuse of feed and chemicals spreads this idea, and this could affect the taste and quality adversely.
AN  - rayyan-321501836
AU  - Ruiz-Chico, José
AU  - Biedma-Ferrer, José María
AU  - Peña-Sánchez, Antonio Rafael
AU  - Jiménez-García, Mercedes
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.3390/ijerph17186628
PY  - 2020
SP  - 6628
ST  - Social Acceptance of Aquaculture in Spain: An Instrument to Achieve Sustainability for Society
TI  - Social Acceptance of Aquaculture in Spain: An Instrument to Achieve Sustainability for Society
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32932940
VL  - 17
ID  - 128
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Conflict between stakeholder groups around social and environmental issues can fragment communities and disrupt development. For the past decade, salmon farming has globally been one of the most contentious issues within the aquaculture sector. Attempts to mitigate these conflicts have often been counterproductive due to high levels of distrust across stakeholder groups. A lower risk approach is to evaluate strategy options within a virtual socio-ecological system prior to real-world implementation. Using the Tasmanian salmon debate as a case study, this paper describes results from a social influence model that for the first time represents key stakeholder groups. This approach has allowed the responses of different stakeholders and their contribution to overall conflict to be explored and assessed under alternative communication strategies. Reductions in community conflict were achieved through improved marine literacy, collaborative learning amongst key stakeholder groups, and broad dissemination of information relating to industry performance on social and environmental issues. Model results further demonstrate that the perceived legitimacy of such initiatives depends on depoliticising the debate to address issues around regulatory capture. While applied here to salmon aquaculture, the modelling approach and lessons on effective communication strategies are likely to be relevant to a broad range of socio-ecological conflicts. © 2024 The Authors
AN  - rayyan-279909827
AU  - Condie, C. M.
AU  - Fulton, E. A.
AU  - Alexander, K. A.
AU  - Vince, J.
AU  - Haward, M.
AU  - Condie, S. A.
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106211
PY  - 2024
ST  - Social influence modelling demonstrates that strategic communication and depoliticization reduces conflict in aquaculture
TI  - Social influence modelling demonstrates that strategic communication and depoliticization reduces conflict in aquaculture
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85193607175&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpol.2024.106211&partnerID=40&md5=e724bde75c04776d0948c34dfdd57a78
VL  - 165
ID  - 54
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-343237579
AU  - Chico, José Ruiz
AU  - García, Mercedes Jiménez
AU  - Sánchez, Antonio Rafael Peña
AU  - Sánchez, José Antonio L.
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.1080/13657305.2021.1988004
PY  - 2021
SP  - 439-461
ST  - Socioeconomic acceptance of aquaculture measured through structural equations modeling. Are there discrepancies between men and women in Spain?
TI  - Socioeconomic acceptance of aquaculture measured through structural equations modeling. Are there discrepancies between men and women in Spain?
UR  - https://lens.org/008-562-544-073-108
VL  - 26
ID  - 270
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In order to evaluate the present distribution patterns of salmonids and their potential effects on native fish, we sampled 11 large lakes and 105 streams, encompassing a total of 13 main hydrographic watersheds of southern Chile (39° to 52°S). Overall, trout (Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss) accounted for more than 60 % of total fish abundance and more than 80 % of total biomass, while 40 % of the streams sampled did not have native fish. Salmon, introduced for aquaculture, such as O. kisutch, Salmo salar, and O. tshawytscha, were only present in lakes with salmon farming and did not seem to be reproducing naturally in affluent streams. We tested the effect of river geographic origin (Andes mountains, central valley, or Coastal range) on fish abundance and found that rainbow trout was more restricted to the Andean streams with higher water discharge, while brown trout was widely distributed and did not relate to any of several catchment attributes measured. The abundance of native fish was greater in lakes than in streams and the highest native fish biodiversity occurred in streams of the central valley. The most common native species were Galaxias maculatus, G. platei, Brachygalaxias bullocki, Aplochiton zebra and Basilichthys australis. Streams with higher conductivity, larger pool areas, more fine sediments, and low brown trout densities were more suitable for native fish. Thus, catchments with higher anthropogenic disturbance appeared as refuges for native species. Given the descriptive nature of our study we can only presume the negative impacts of trout and salmon on native fish; an effect which should be superimposed on biogeographical conditioning of present distribution. Yet based on the present abundance and distribution patterns of salmonids and native fish, negative effects are very likely. Conservation of native fish biodiversity in central valley streams, far from protected areas or national parks and fully exposed to human perturbations represents a great challenge. We propose to enhance conservation by exerting a stronger sport fishing pressure on trout in those streams. © 2006 Sociedad de Biología de Chile.
AN  - rayyan-279909425
AU  - Soto, D.
AU  - Arismendi, I.
AU  - González, J.
AU  - Sanzana, J.
AU  - Jara, F.
AU  - Jara, C.
AU  - Guzman, E.
AU  - Lara, A.
DA  - 2006
DO  - doi:doi:10.4067/S0716-078X2006000100009
PY  - 2006
SP  - 97-117
ST  - Southern Chile, trout and salmon country: Invasion patterns and threats for native species
TI  - Southern Chile, trout and salmon country: Invasion patterns and threats for native species
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646785421&doi=10.4067%2fS0716-078X2006000100009&partnerID=40&md5=d1ac9a0b81b8397f59e4b83c5381c360
VL  - 79
ID  - 40
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This study explores spatio-temporal changes in epibenthic communities due to salmon aquaculture at deep (>30 m), hard-bottom dominated sites in Newfoundland (Canada). Using a drop-camera approach, we followed changes with production at two aquaculture sites, as well as potential recovery processes at two fallow sites, comparing their epibenthic composition with nearby non-production sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that aquaculture production led to rapid changes in epibenthic communities, as evidenced primarily by the presence of two visual indicators: bacterial mats and opportunistic polychaetes. Due to low taxon richness and abundances, as well as variability among sites, no clear intermediate successional stages were apparent. Beggiatoa-like mats and opportunistic polychaetes appeared rapidly once aquaculture production began; these indicators did not increase in spatial extent during the survey and were typically observed up to 100 m, and occasionally up to 160 m from cages. After 15 months of fallowing, Beggiatoa-like mats and opportunistic polychaetes remained present at sites and were occasionally accompanied by few other taxa, suggesting incomplete recovery.
AN  - rayyan-279909155
AU  - Salvo, F.
AU  - Mersereau, J.
AU  - Hamoutene, D.
AU  - Belley, R.
AU  - Dufour, S. C.
DA  - 2017
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.01.019
PY  - 2017
SP  - 207-218
ST  - Spatial and temporal changes in epibenthic communities at deep, hard bottom aquaculture sites in Newfoundland
TI  - Spatial and temporal changes in epibenthic communities at deep, hard bottom aquaculture sites in Newfoundland
VL  - 76
ID  - 22
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Issue Title: A TRIBUTE TO BJØRN SUNDBY AND HIS ZEST FOR LIFE AND SCIENCEThe effects of fish farm activities on sediment biogeochemistry were investigated in Loch Creran (Western Scotland) from March to October 2006. Sediment oxygen uptake rates (SOU) were estimated along an organic matter gradient generated from an Atlantic salmon farm using a combination of in situ techniques: microelectrodes, planar optode and benthic chamber incubations. Sulphide (H2S) and pH distributions in sediment porewater were also measured using in situ microelectrodes, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes were measured in situ using benthic chambers. Relationships between benthic fluxes, vertical distribution of oxidants and reduced compounds in the sediment were examined as well as bacterial abundance and biomass. Seasonal variations in SOU were relatively low and mainly driven by seasonal temperature variations. The effect of the fish farm on sediment oxygen uptake rate was clearly identified by higher total and diffusive oxygen uptake rates (TOU and DOU, respectively) on impacted stations (TOU: 70 ± 25 mmol O2 m^sup -2^ day^sup -1^; DOU: 70 ± 32 mmol O2 m^sup -2^ day^sup -1^ recalculated at the summer temperature), compared with the reference station (TOU: 28.3 ± 5.5 mmol O2 m^sup -2^ day^sup -1^; DOU: 21.5 ± 4.5 mmol O2 m^sup -2^ day^sup -1^). At the impacted stations, planar optode images displayed high centimetre scale heterogeneity in oxygen distribution underlining the control of oxygen dynamics by small-scale processes. The organic carbon enrichment led to enhanced sulphate reduction as demonstrated by large vertical H2S concentration gradients in the porewater (from 0 to 1,000 μM in the top 3 cm) at the most impacted site. The impact on ecosystem functions such as bioirrigation was evidenced by a decreasing TOU/DOU ratio, from 1.7 in the non-impacted sediments to 1 in the impacted zone. This trend was related to a shift in the macrofaunal assemblage and an increase in sediment bacterial population. The turnover time of the organic load of the sediment was estimated to be over 6 years.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
AN  - rayyan-321503510
AU  - Cathalot, Cécile
AU  - Lansard, Bruno
AU  - Hall, Per O.
AU  - Tengberg, Anders
AU  - Almroth-rosell, Elin
AU  - Apler, An
DA  - 2012
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-012-9181-4
PY  - 2012
SP  - 515
ST  - Spatial and Temporal Variability of Benthic Respiration in a Scottish Sea Loch Impacted by Fish Farming: A Combination of In Situ Techniques
TI  - Spatial and Temporal Variability of Benthic Respiration in a Scottish Sea Loch Impacted by Fish Farming: A Combination of In Situ Techniques
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1266445091?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=KYHO%2F6YYQw2VXFvtVjhIYR90wMk%3D
VL  - 18
ID  - 203
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Spatial assessment of the risks faced by marine habitats provides essential information for adaptation to the impacts of multiple anthropogenic stressors. Climate change is one of the main stressors affecting the persistence and resilience of healthy marine ecosystems. However, protection against other stressors such as marine habitat loss and direct exploitation of natural marine resources is needed to ensure that conservation efforts are not threatened by cumulative combined effects. We used habitat risk assessment to explore the cumulative impacts of multiple stressors, including aquaculture activities, fishing vessel pressure, and climate change, on marine habitats of giant kelp forests. The assessment was applied in Chilean Patagonia, focusing on three protected areas: Magdalena Island National Park, Guaitecas National Reserve, and Kawésqar National Reserve. Our findings reveal that sea surface temperature increases, salmon farming, and the aquaculture-associated ship fleet are the stressors contributing most significantly to risk. High-risk areas are concentrated in northern Patagonia, specifically in the fjords of Guaitecas National Reserve and Magdalena Island National Park, with some risk hotspots found in the fjords of Kawésqar National Reserve. The highest risk levels are observed in scenarios that include both climate change and industrial salmon farming. Identifying the areas most at-risk is crucial for marine spatial planning because it allows for the design of targeted conservation actions to mitigate stressors and prevent risks from reaching levels that could compromise the integrity of marine habitats. The spatial approach used is key for informing future planning processes in Chilean Patagonia, where conflicts between intensive salmon farming, small-scale fishing, traditional Indigenous sea uses, and nature conservation are escalating. Despite some limitations in the data, our study provides valuable insights that can guide future conservation planning and policy-making, helping to balance economic activities with the need to protect and maintain the health of marine habitats in Chilean Patagonia. © 2024 by the author(s).
AN  - rayyan-343236961
AU  - Harms, M. J. M.
AU  - Larraín-Barrios, B.
AU  - Verde Arregoitia, L. D.
AU  - Gelcich, S.
AU  - Alvarez, R. R.
AU  - Teckl
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.5751/ES-15633-290440
PY  - 2024
ST  - Spatial assessment of risks faced by marine protected areas in Chilean Patagonia
TI  - Spatial assessment of risks faced by marine protected areas in Chilean Patagonia
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85213360861&doi=10.5751%2fES-15633-290440&partnerID=40&md5=7ffda05a054c428db3d8ae106287765b
VL  - 29
ID  - 253
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - In gilthead seabream the number of domesticated individuals increased annually, and escape events occur regularly in the Adriatic Sea. Still there is a lack of population genetic characteristics and evidence of the extent and geographic scale of interbreeding resulting from fish-farm escapees. We screened 1586 individuals using a panel of 21 neutral microsatellite loci in several consecutive years and here report on the medium-scale detection of hybrid and farmed seabream in the natural environment. Wild adults showed a lack of genetic structure within basin and sampling years and reduced connectivity with wild offspring collection, suggesting their temporal residency within the Adriatic. On the contrary, by linking the results of multiannual genetic analyses with the results of coupled hydrodynamic and individual based models (IBM-Ichthyop), we observed a strong connection of wild seabream associated with tuna-aquaculture sites and offspring from the nursery grounds, indicating that the surroundings of tuna sea-cage farms can function as a spawning grounds. The study results present the genetic baseline of wild and farmed strains from the eastern Adriatic Sea, as a first step toward development of a mitigation strategy for fish escapees aimed at controlling further erosion of genetic integrity.
AN  - rayyan-343237740
AU  - Žužul, Iva
AU  - Šegvić-Bubić, Tanja
AU  - Talijančić, Igor
AU  - Džoić, Tomislav
AU  - Pleić, Ivana Lepen
AU  - Paklar, G.
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51256-z
PY  - 2019
SP  - 14718-14718
ST  - Spatial connectivity pattern of expanding gilthead seabream populations and its interactions with aquaculture sites: a combined population genetic and physical modelling approach
TI  - Spatial connectivity pattern of expanding gilthead seabream populations and its interactions with aquaculture sites: a combined population genetic and physical modelling approach
UR  - http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019NatSR...914718Z/abstract
VL  - 9
ID  - 279
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Background: Marine aquaculture is a very important economic and food production activity in Patagonian channels. The biophysical mechanisms through which farms interact with surrounding areas is poorly understood. A better understanding of the relationship between zooplankton distribution, hydrodynamics and aquaculture farms in Patagonian channels can contribute to the environmental sustainability of this activity. Methods: The study was conducted in winter in the Caucahué Channel (Chiloé Island, southern Chile), which is composed of two asymmetric northern and southern sections separated by a geomorphological constriction (a narrows) and hosts 55 aquaculture farms. Intensive zooplankton and water column sampling (time scale: 12 h) was carried out, together with current measurements as a background of the channel hydrodynamics (time scale: 30 days). Results: Spatial dissimilarities in composition and abundances of zooplankton communities and in water column variables were identified between the two sections of the channel in this short-term time scale. In the southern section we found higher abundances of holo- and meroplankton and higher species richness. No differences in zooplankton community were found between sampling sites near and far from aquaculture farms. Southward asymmetrical residual flow and semidiurnal tidal excursion were verified in the central part of the channel during two tidal fortnightly time periods. Conclusions: (i) Clear dissimilarity in zooplankton composition were found between the two sections of Caucahué Channel in the time scale studied; and (ii) Quemchi geomorphological constriction and the asymmetrical southward residual flow could act as a physical barrier favoring the spatial dissimilarities found in biotic and abiotic variables between the two sections of the channel. © 2022, The Author(s).
AN  - rayyan-279911658
AU  - Hernández-Miranda, E.
AU  - Betancourt, I.
AU  - Sobarzo, M.
AU  - Vergara, O.
AU  - Iturra, C.
AU  - Quiñones, R. A.
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.1186/s40693-022-00111-z
PY  - 2022
ST  - Spatial dissimilarity of zooplankton and hydrodynamic conditions in a Patagonian channel used intensely by aquaculture: the influence of a geomorphological constriction
TI  - Spatial dissimilarity of zooplankton and hydrodynamic conditions in a Patagonian channel used intensely by aquaculture: the influence of a geomorphological constriction
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139866024&doi=10.1186%2fs40693-022-00111-z&partnerID=40&md5=a4da50bc47f5a44645db2fde989a3a22
VL  - 95
ID  - 109
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami wiped out over 1200 shellfish and ascidian culture long-lines and ~120 salmon farm cages that comprised the entire aquaculture installations in Onagawa Bay, Japan, and severely altered the associated ecosystem. A year later, we launched a coordinated monitoring programme to measure the extent of the damage caused by the disaster and monitor the change in the state of the marine ecosystem. As part of this effort, we conducted multi-seasonal sampling to characterise spatio-temporal variation in benthic macrofaunal community and a range of environmental parameters across Onagawa Bay between March 2012 and January 2018. The 492 total macrofaunal species recorded included Polychaeta (38.8 %), Bivalvia (13.2 %), Amphipoda (10.8 %), Decapoda (9.6 %), Gastropoda (9.3 %) and Echinodermata (4.3 %). At the outermost reference site, macrofaunal abundance, biomass, and species diversity were all consistently high throughout the study period. Inside Onagawa Bay, macrofauna metrics increased steadily from the lowest values at the beginning of the study to the highest over time. During the same period, the spatial extent of aquaculture facilities for long-lines and fish cages recovered steadily to within 60.8 % and 74.8 % of the original state, respectively. The significant variables identified by multivariate analysis to explain spatio-temporal variability in benthic macrofaunal communities were: (1) proximity to the nearest aquaculture facilities; (2) wind fetch length (exposure); (3) sediment grain size; (4) the total area of aquaculture facilities. This study suggests that coastal aquaculture operations may strongly influence the occurrence and distribution of benthic macrofaunal communities and thereby influence the recovery of seafloor biota at ecosystem scales following a catastrophic natural disaster.
AN  - rayyan-321503154
AU  - Fujii, Toyonobu
AU  - Kaneko, Kenji
AU  - Murata, Hiroki
AU  - Yonezawa, Chinatsu
AU  - Katayama, Ayu
AU  - Kuraishi, Megu
DA  - 2019
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00535
PY  - 2019
SP  - n/a
ST  - Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Benthic Macrofaunal Communities in Relation to the Recovery of Coastal Aquaculture Operations Following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
TI  - Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Benthic Macrofaunal Communities in Relation to the Recovery of Coastal Aquaculture Operations Following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2308117086?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=a6gIsoUuIjncZr7skkTbi5xUkkM%3D
ID  - 181
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - We examined genetic differences in the reproduction of an alternative maturation phenotype in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by comparing the spawning behaviour and success among farmed, first-generation hybrid, and wild mature male parr raised in similar environments. Parr competed for spawning opportunities in the presence of either wild or farmed large males. There were no consistent differences among groups in aggression; however, there were differences in spawning participation with respect to large male origin and among parr types. There was a strong negative temporal effect on mature male parr spawning participation that differed by parr type; wild and farmed parr were most likely to participate in early spawnings, with hybrids being the most likely to participate in late spawnings. Overall, parr were also less likely to participate in spawnings involving large farmed males. Variance in reproductive success was higher among parr than among large males. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that there are genetically based behavioural differences among mature male parr of farmed and wild origin that may potentially lead to differences in reproductive success.Original Abstract: Nous avons examine les differences genetiques lors de la reproduction d'un phenotype mature de rechange du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) en comparant le comportement de fraye et le succes de la fraye chez des tacons males matures hybrides de premiere generation de pisciculture et des tacons males matures sauvages eleves dans des conditions similaires. Les tacons font competition pour obtenir des occasions de frayer en presence de males de grande taille provenant soit du milieu naturel, soit de pisciculture. Il n'y a pas de differences soutenues dans l'agression entre les groupes; il y a cependant des differences dans la participation A la fraye, en fonction de l'origine des grands males et des types de tacons. Il y a un fort effet temporel negatif sur la participation des tacons males matures A la fraye qui varie en fonction du type de tacon; les tacons du milieu naturel et de pisciculture sont plus susceptibles de participer A des frayes hatives, alors que les hybrides le sont pour les frayes tardives. En general, les tacons sont moins susceptibles de participer A des frayes qui impliquent de grands males de pisciculture. la variance dans le succes de la reproduction est plus elevee chez les tacons que chez les grands males. Nos resultats s'accordent avec l'hypothese qui veut qu'il y ait des differences de comportement genetiquement determinees chez les tacons matures provenant du milieu naturel et de pisciculture qui menent potentiellement A des differences de succes reproductif.[Traduit par la Redaction]
AN  - rayyan-321503420
AU  - Weir, Laura K.
AU  - Hutchings, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Fleming, Ian A.
AU  - Einum, Sigurd
DA  - 2005
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2005
SP  - 1153-1160
ST  - Spawning behaviour and success of mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr of farmed and wild origin
TI  - Spawning behaviour and success of mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr of farmed and wild origin
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/17362426?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=BBWG%2FP2m74Pb%2Fxi7Hst0hrnkIeM%3D
VL  - 62
ID  - 196
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-279910808
AU  - Bacher, Kathrin
AU  - Gordoa, Ana
AU  - Mikkelsen, Eirik
DA  - 2014
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.028
PY  - 2014
SP  - 78-85
ST  - Stakeholders' perceptions of marine fish farming in Catalonia (Spain): A Q-methodology approach
TI  - Stakeholders' perceptions of marine fish farming in Catalonia (Spain): A Q-methodology approach
UR  - https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/150768
VL  - 424
ID  - 89
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Caged salmon farming is increasingly undertaken in water bodies with strong hydrodynamics where hard and mixed substrate habitats are more prevalent. Yet, these structurally complex and heterogeneous habitats support diverse benthic communities including several cnidarians and sponges that remain poorly characterized. This study used a combination of respirometry measurements, gas chromatography and 16S rRNA metabarcoding to define the respiration rate, stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N), fatty acid (FA) and microbial profiles, and assess the impact of salmon farming on four important epibenthic suspension-feeders along the western Norwegian coast: the sponges Craniella and Weberella, the soft coral Duva florida and the anemone Hormathia digitata. Our results showed striking differences in fatty acid profiles and host microbiome communities in terms of identity, functional capabilities and genetic properties across the suspension-feeders. We found evidence of increased mortality rate in specimens located near fish farm activities and of a species-specific effect on respiration rate, with D. florida showing increased activity under the farm. Effects of fish farming on the suspension feeders were also species-specific and particularly evidenced by functional microbial turnover and by alteration of overall FA profiles in the soft coral and sea anemone. In particular, D. florida showed reduced level of FAs close to the farm (0-350 m), with significant difference in composition along a distance gradient. Only H. digitata showed evidence of incorporation of organic material from the fish farm waste via fatty acids trophic markers (FATM) and stable isotope analysis. Overall, our study demonstrates that suspension feeders have taxon-specific sensitivity towards the effect of salmon farming, and identified several potential molecular indicators that could be used as surrogate of impact gradient upon further research and validation. It also provides a wealth of ecological and physiological information on some of the most common sessile epibenthic organisms within Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, enabling us to better understand their response and evaluate their resilience to environmental changes. Copyright © 2022 Laroche, Meier, Mjøs and Keeley.
AN  - rayyan-321502550
AU  - Laroche, O.
AU  - Meier, S.
AU  - Mjøs, S. A.
AU  - Keeley, N.
DA  - 2022
DO  - doi:doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.841806
PY  - 2022
ST  - Suspension-Feeding Benthic Species’ Physiological and Microbiome Response to Salmon Farming and Associated Environmental Changes
TI  - Suspension-Feeding Benthic Species’ Physiological and Microbiome Response to Salmon Farming and Associated Environmental Changes
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128410362&doi=10.3389%2ffmars.2022.841806&partnerID=40&md5=2413268e3845e2aa10e39bea0768025b
VL  - 9
ID  - 162
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The long and narrow Hardanger fjord in western Norway has a high density of salmon farms and has had severe salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, problems. In the years 2004-06, salmon lice numbers were recorded in selected salmon farms in the fjord as part of a larger research project. Most farm sites participated in a strategic control programme and were deloused between November and January in each year. The aim of the programme was to achieve a mean abundance of <0.3 adult female lice at this time and to minimize the infection pressure on wild smolts in the spring. Dedicated teams carried out detailed counting of lice on farmed fish in April-September each year. Temperature conditions were fairly similar throughout the fjord and amongst years, but wide variations in salinities were observed. The two innermost zones, B and C, had the lowest lice mean abundances, whereas the outermost zones, D and E, consistently had more lice. General linear model analyses showed that differences in adult female lice abundance between the zones were associated with differing levels of salinity and emamectin benzoate treatments strategically administered. Mean fish weight was significantly positively correlated with mean abundance of adult female lice.
AN  - rayyan-321501852
AU  - Heuch, P. A.
AU  - Olsen, R. S.
AU  - Malkenes, R.
AU  - Revie, C. W.
AU  - Gettinby, G.
AU  - Baillie, M.
AU  - Lees, F.
AU  - Fins
DA  - 2009
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.01002.x
PY  - 2009
SP  - 89
ST  - Temporal and spatial variations in lice numbers on salmon farms in the Hardanger fjord 2004-06
TI  - Temporal and spatial variations in lice numbers on salmon farms in the Hardanger fjord 2004-06
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/205496952?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=Dia1v%2BpkQFkx7Bmr5j4WzRw8D4o%3D
VL  - 32
ID  - 129
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This paper explores the complexities associated with globalization within the context of salmon farming in southern Chile. It specifically examines whether the high levels of foreign investment and exponential growth in the industry have had a positive or negative impact on the people and communities of the archipelago of Chiloé. Data are based on findings gathered from 8 communities visited between December 2000 and May 2001. It is our argument that the responses to this issue require a subtle understanding of both the dynamics of community and the dialectics of modernity. We find substantial evidence that surplus labour, low wage levels, and poorly enforced or nonexistent health and safety standards are conditioning factors in the success of salmon farming in southern Chile. We conclude that a "sustainable community" approach is preferable to a "social sustainable" approach as the former focuses attention on the entire range of issues important to communities and the options open to them in confronting wider structures that affect their lives.
AN  - rayyan-279911308
AU  - Barrett, G.
AU  - Caniggia, M. I.
AU  - Read, L.
DA  - 2002
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00112-2
PY  - 2002
SP  - 1951-1965
ST  - "There are more vets than doctors in Chiloé": social and community impact of the globalization of aquaculture in Chile
TI  - "There are more vets than doctors in Chiloé": social and community impact of the globalization of aquaculture in Chile
VL  - 30
ID  - 101
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AN  - rayyan-343237081
AU  - Anbleyth-Evans, Jeremy
AU  - Leiva, Francisco Araos
AU  - Rios, Francisco Ther
AU  - Cortés, Ricardo
AU  - Häusserman
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103690
PY  - 2020
SP  - 103690
ST  - Toward marine democracy in Chile: Examining aquaculture ecological impacts through common property local ecological knowledge
TI  - Toward marine democracy in Chile: Examining aquaculture ecological impacts through common property local ecological knowledge
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X19303513
VL  - 113
ID  - 256
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Coastal zones are complex systems where sustainability needs local participative governance, whose absence may result in conflicts between social actors. In its absence, the first step should be a diagnosis of the current situation based on integrative conceptual frameworks such as the DPSIR. However, in conflicting situations, the generated model needs validation from social actors. Chiloé Island is a critical Chilean coastal fishery and aquaculture area, coexisting with subsistence and cultural uses of marine resources. This article analyzes the current ecological state of the Chiloé coastal zone and its main social-ecological impact using a DPSIR model. We validated its results through a household survey and interviews with local experts and social actors. Results show that increased coastal fisheries and aquaculture generate a critical decrease of coastal species, eutrophication, and pollution that, along with harmful algal blooms, generate conflicts. Social validation showed that experts and local social actors have different perceptions of conflicting parties and conflict solutions. Following a post-normal approach, we propose three ideas to start social-ecological governance of Chiloé coastal marine ecosystems. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AN  - rayyan-279911163
AU  - Delgado, L. E.
AU  - Zúñiga, C. C.
AU  - Asún, R. A.
AU  - Castro-Díaz, R.
AU  - Natenzon, C. E.
AU  - Paredes, L. D.
AU  - Pér
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143999
PY  - 2021
ST  - Toward social-ecological coastal zone governance of Chiloé Island (Chile) based on the DPSIR framework
TI  - Toward social-ecological coastal zone governance of Chiloé Island (Chile) based on the DPSIR framework
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097773458&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.143999&partnerID=40&md5=de7151b1ae9ac0e1733167e621b2bc46
VL  - 758
ID  - 98
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - A large amount of organic effluents are released annually from coastal fish farming locations primarily in the form of faeces that settle to the seabed, where they become a substantial food source for benthic communities. The inclusion of marine and vegetable oils as sources of lipids in salmon feed has resulted in a fatty acid (FA) composition that differs markedly from marine-derived material, and thus they can be used as an efficient tracer for the distribution of fish farm waste in both sediments and fish. To obtain a better understanding of the flux of organic fish farm waste through the benthic food web, we sampled northern shrimp Pandalus borealis at fish farming and reference locations in 4 regions along the Norwegian coast. Analyses of the FA compositions of muscular tissue demonstrated that shrimp collected within 800 m from fish farms had a higher content of the vegetable-derived FAs 18:2n6 (linoleic acid) and 18:3n3 (a-linolenic acid) and the marine FAs 20:1n9 and 22:1n11, compared with shrimp collected from reference locations. This difference in specific FA contents allowed us to separate shrimp collected at fish farming locations from those collected at reference locations. Our results demonstrate that shrimp within the distribution range of fish farms can incorporate organic fish farm waste into part of their diet, either directly through the consumption of waste feed and faeces or indirectly by feeding on influenced infauna.
AN  - rayyan-343237619
AU  - Olsen, Siri Aaserud
AU  - Ervik, Arne
AU  - Grahl-Nielsen, Otto
DA  - 2012
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00036
PY  - 2012
SP  - 133-144
ST  - Tracing fish farm waste in the northern shrimp Pandalus borealis (Kroeyer, 1838) using lipid biomarkers
TI  - Tracing fish farm waste in the northern shrimp Pandalus borealis (Kroeyer, 1838) using lipid biomarkers
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/1113217907?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=Ee7lNbmaBitJCFZp2V3yOfWi5Rc%3D
VL  - 2
ID  - 272
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Fin-fish aquaculture produces organic and nutrient waste which, in excess, can act to reduce productivity and diversity in communities. However, native marine communities, likely have some capacity to assimilate this waste and utilise it as a resource subsidy. This research firstly aimed to improve the ability of researchers to model resource use in coastal marine food webs associated with aquaculture. Baseline values for stable isotope (SI) and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers in key organic matter source pools available to consumer populations in the Marlborough Sounds were established (Chapter 2). Controlled experiments were then used to estimate parameters that predict the transfer of these signatures to consumer tissue over time (Chapter 2). Secondly, these experimentally determined biomarkers and mixing model parameters were applied to the Marlborough Sounds system to determine the extent at which soft sediment and rocky reef communities assimilate waste from farms, and the consequences this input has on food web structure (Chapters 3 and 4). Finally, after establishing assimilation of waste by reef consumers, organic contaminants were measured in feed and consumer tissues to determine whether imported feed acts as a significant source of these compounds to the New Zealand marine environment (Chapter 5). Stable isotope and fatty acid biomarkers of native marine production and aquaculture production were found to be distinct, establishing these tracers as suitable for use in in-situ systems. Mesocosm experiments found isotopic turnover rates and trophic discrimination of FAs and SIs to differ considerably among consumers and tissue types, underscoring the importance of establishing experimentally determined parameters when modelling resource use and trophic dynamics in marine ecosystems. Application of experimentally determined values to mixing models for the Marlborough Sounds system predicted assimilations of salmon farm waste in all farm associated soft sediment communities, and most farm associated reef consumers sampled. This finding suggests integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) may have implications for a diverse range of species in New Zealand. The capacity of communities to uptake and process waste from farms showed high variability both across distance gradients from farms and among farm sites. Assimilation capacity of communities was strongly influenced by trophic structure with the presence of high trophic level consumers indicative of a greater potential to buffer detrimental effects from excess waste deposition. The results presented in Chapters 3 and 4 of this thesis have implications for determining suitable feed inputs to farms, identifying promising species for IMTA development, and informing remedial action to soft sediment communities. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers measured in both feed and consumer tissues were below limits set by the European Union and, in most consumers, levels were not significantly influenced by the presence of salmon farms. The exception was P. colias, in which PCB levels were elevated around farms potentially as a consequence of P. colias’s trophic link to proximal benthic communities. Identifying P. colias as a candidate for bioaccumulation and/or biomagnification of harmful compounds may guide future monitoring of organic contaminants in species interacting with aquaculture operations. The sustainable development of aquaculture will be essential not only in New Zealand but also globally if we are to ensure a reliable source of protein to the world’s growing population while addressing the impacts of climate change and environmental degradation on natural resource bases. Implications of the present research include, understanding ecosystem structure and function and how this relates to finfish aquaculture, guiding future management and monitoring programmes, and evaluating marine systems and their capacity to recycle organic waste from aquaculture.
AN  - rayyan-321503993
AU  - McMullin, Rebecca Mary
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:
PY  - 2020
SP  - 398
ST  - Tracking flow and fate of organic matter and contaminants within native food webs surrounding finfish aquaculture
TI  - Tracking flow and fate of organic matter and contaminants within native food webs surrounding finfish aquaculture
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2671734668?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=cE0I%2FgPZaFtp%2BVBD6xF0LDKEXMQ%3D
ID  - 225
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Marine salmon farming has been correlated with parasitic sea lice infestations and concurrent declines of wild salmonids. Here, we report a quantitative analysis of how a single salmon farm altered the natural transmission dynamics of sea lice to juvenile Pacific salmon. We studied infections of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi) on juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as they passed an isolated salmon farm during their seaward migration down two long and narrow corridors. Our calculations suggest the infection pressure imposed by the farm was four orders of magnitude greater than ambient levels, resulting in a maximum infection pressure near the farm that was 73 times greater than ambient levels and exceeded ambient levels for 30 km along the two wild salmon migration corridors. The farm-produced cohort of lice parasitizing the wild juvenile hosts reached reproductive maturity and produced a second generation of lice that re-infected the juvenile salmon. This raises the infection pressure from the farm by an additional order of magnitude, with a composite infection pressure that exceeds ambient levels for 75 km of the two migration routes. Amplified sea lice infestations due to salmon farms are a potential limiting factor to wild salmonid conservation. © 2005 The Royal Society.
AN  - rayyan-321503257
AU  - Krkošek, M.
AU  - Lewis, M. A.
AU  - Volpe, J. P.
DA  - 2005
DO  - doi:doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.3027
PY  - 2005
SP  - 689-696
ST  - Transmission dynamics of parasitic sea lice from farm to wild salmon
TI  - Transmission dynamics of parasitic sea lice from farm to wild salmon
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18744377949&doi=10.1098%2frspb.2004.3027&partnerID=40&md5=6a08ab77df6113a30c49c4b33f3a4f49
VL  - 272
ID  - 186
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Genetic interaction between farmed escapees and wild conspecifics represents one of the major environmental challenges faced by the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. In order to mitigate genetic interactions, triploid (sterile) farmed fish can be produced. However, triploids may still develop secondary sexual characteristics, and potentially attempt to spawn with wild fish. Here, triploid farmed salmon males were placed into 2 spawning arenas containing either a wild and a farmed female, or a wild and a farmed female and wild males. Qualitative observations demonstrated that triploid male Atlantic salmon displayed the full range of spawning behaviors of wild males, and stimulated the wild female to spawn in the absence of wild males. Quantitative aspects of the observed behaviors, such as their frequency among triploid males and the com - petitive ability of farmed triploid males compared with diploid farmed and wild males, require investigation before full-scale production of triploid salmon is initiated commercially.
AN  - rayyan-321501965
AU  - Fjelldal, Per Gunnar
AU  - Wennevik, V.
AU  - Fleming, I. A.
AU  - Hansen, Thomas Willum
AU  - Glover, Kevin A.
DA  - 2014
DO  - doi:doi:10.3354/aei00102
PY  - 2014
SP  - 155-162
ST  - Triploid (sterile) farmed Atlantic salmon males attempt to spawn with wild females
TI  - Triploid (sterile) farmed Atlantic salmon males attempt to spawn with wild females
UR  - https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/197249
VL  - 5
ID  - 138
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Benthic marine food webs, which recycle organic matter and sustain unique biodiversity, are an important component of estuarine Patagonian fjords; however, these may be heavily influenced by salmon farming activities. Under the above conditions, this study collected several food sources (sediment organic matter, suspended particulate organic matter, macroalgae) and 26 benthic invertebrate species, and analyzed them using a Bayesian mixing model. Briefly, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes analyses revealed that the highly variable isotopic niche widths respond to food supplies from marine and terrestrial organic matter. In addition, particulate and dissolved waste from salmon farming activities were found to modify isotopic composition ratios in many suspension feeders. Particularly, our results indicate high δ15N values in the sponge Cliona chilensis and the encrusting coral Incrustatus comauensis, which appear to be potential ecological indicators for evaluating stoichiometry imbalances and trace organic pollution sources in fjord environments.
AN  - rayyan-321503932
AU  - Ortiz, Paula
AU  - Quiroga, Eduardo
AU  - Montero, Paulina
AU  - Hamame, Madeleine
AU  - Betti, Federico
DA  - 2021
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113149
PY  - 2021
SP  - 1
ST  - Trophic structure of benthic communities in a Chilean fjord (45°S) influenced by salmon aquaculture: Insights from stable isotopic signatures
TI  - Trophic structure of benthic communities in a Chilean fjord (45°S) influenced by salmon aquaculture: Insights from stable isotopic signatures
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2623043046?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=4VwAD%2Fk8TlfFSssY6o8s7bDExkY%3D
VL  - 173
ID  - 222
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Presence of coastal aquaculture activities in marine landscapes is growing with impacts on the wild fish that share these habitats. However, it is difficult to disentangle subsequent ecological interactions between these activities and marine fish communities. We evaluated the impact of both salmon and halibut farms on mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) sampled near sea cages using condition indices and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers. Results of the stomach content analysis indicated that mackerel and whiting consumed waste feed which was also reflected in their modified FA profiles. Both mackerel and whiting had elevated levels of FAs that are of vegetable oils origin. The use of vegetable oils as replacement for marine oils is a lot more common in salmon farming than halibut farming. Additionally, the overall effects of the two fish farms were more pronounced in whiting than in mackerel sampled near the sea cages. By allowing discrimination between sources of trophic interactions, this method could lead to more informed decisions in managing different farming activities.
AN  - rayyan-321502258
AU  - Joly, Ghanawi
AU  - McAdam, Bruce J.
DA  - 2020
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14568
PY  - 2020
SP  - 2229-2242
ST  - Using fatty acid markers to distinguish between effects of salmon (Salmo salar) and halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) farming on mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus)
TI  - Using fatty acid markers to distinguish between effects of salmon (Salmo salar) and halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) farming on mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus)
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/2400268157?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=GYsz2eY%2FfsRlgCaXQ9Z0HGYwYNQ%3D
VL  - 51
ID  - 149
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - To improve assessments of the environmental risks of aquaculture, a series of simulated escapes of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from seawater netpens were performed. Individually tagged post-smolts and adult Atlantic salmon were released from various locations at different times of the year. Post-smolts that escaped during their first summer were capable of rapid migration towards the open sea. A small fraction returned to spawn and were recaptured after 1 – 3 years at sea (0.4%, range 0.0 –1.1%). A total of 13% of the post-smolts that escaped during autumn were reported in nearby fisheries during subsequent months, partly because they had grown large enough to be caught in the gillnets used, but more importantly because migratory behaviour diminished towards the end of the year. The mean recapture rate of adult salmon was high after releases in fjords (7– 33%), lower after coastal releases (4 – 7%), and zero on the outer coast. Most of these recaptures were immature fish recaptured in sea relatively close to the release site during their first months post-release. Recaptures of adult escapees after 1– 2 years in the wild were very rare (0.09%), probably because of their low survival. A Monte-Carlo method was developed to estimate the annual numbers of escapees from Norwegian fish farms based on reported catches of escaped farmed salmon in the sea and in rivers and the recapture probabilities reported here. The model provides a tool to estimate numbers of escapees independently from the reported numbers. Importantly, our analysis suggests that the total numbers of post-smolt and adult escapees have been two- to fourfold as high as the numbers reported to the authorities by fish farmers, depending on whether the incomplete sea fishery statistics are compensated for.
AN  - rayyan-279909605
AU  - Skilbrei, Ove
AU  - Heino, Mikko
AU  - Svåsand, Terje
DA  - 2014
DO  - doi:doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu133
PY  - 2014
SP  - 670-685
ST  - Using simulated escape events to assess the annual numbers and destinies of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon of different life stages from farm sites in Norway
TI  - Using simulated escape events to assess the annual numbers and destinies of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon of different life stages from farm sites in Norway
UR  - http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/08/13/icesjms.fsu133.full
VL  - 72
ID  - 45
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The environmental impact of two fish farms was assessed by larval toxicity bioassays using the sea urchin Paracetrotus lividus. Larval toxicity bioassays have become important for regulatory and monitoring programs, largely because they are assumed to be good indicators of ecological damage to benthic infatunal communities. The study was conducted in two Mediterranean fish farms which produce gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and tuna (Tunna tuna), respectively. The data obtained from sediment toxicity tests and the physico-chemical characteristics of sediment were examined in two farming production periods to determine the relationships between toxicity and sediment impact. In the gilthead sea bream fish farm, only the sampling stations located at 0 and 35 in were classified as toxic (significant differences from control, p < 0.05) during the winter campaign. A more pronounced toxicity gradient was observed during summer sampling, toxicity being significantly higher in sampling stations 0, 35 and 55 in down current from the fish cages. In the tuna farm, a seasonal toxicity pattern was observed associated to fish fanning activity. Most of the stations sampled during the production period showed a highly toxic response (0 in to 125 in from fish cages), while stations further away from the fish farm (175 in to 330 in from fish cages) showed no toxic response. No stations exhibited significant toxicity during the fallow period. Sea urchin larval toxicity was significantly correlated with sulphides and seasonally, with total ammonia nitrogen in both fish farms. The results reported here are promising and indicate that embryo-larval bioassays with the sea urchin P lividus represent a sensitive tool for describing the environmental impact of fish fanning. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
AN  - rayyan-321503416
AU  - Marin, Arnaldo
AU  - Montoya, Sara
AU  - Vita, Ruben
AU  - Marin-Guirao, Lazaro
AU  - Lloret, Javier
AU  - Aguado, Felipe
DA  - 2007
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.05.030
PY  - 2007
SP  - 286-297
ST  - Utility of sea urchin embryo-larval bioassays for assessing the environmental impact of marine fishcage fanning
TI  - Utility of sea urchin embryo-larval bioassays for assessing the environmental impact of marine fishcage fanning
VL  - 271
ID  - 195
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The coastal zone in the Arctic is being extensively used for recreational activities. Simultaneously, there is an increasing pressure from commercial activities. We present results from a discrete choice experiment implemented in Arctic Norway, revealing how households in this region make trade-offs between recreational activities and commercial developments in the coastal zone. Our results show that, although people prefer stricter regulation of commercial activities, they welcome expansion in marine industries like aquaculture and marine fishing tourism. We also find evidence of high willingness-to-pay for new jobs; and this may partly explain the preferences for the commercial facilities in spite of the visual intrusion they create. On the other hand people expressed a clear dislike for littering of the beaches. Hence, the message to policy makers is to allow for commercial development in the coastal zone, but only under strict regulations, especially related to measures reducing the amount of marine debris.
AN  - rayyan-321501667
AU  - Aanesen, Margrethe
AU  - Falk-Andersson, Jannike
AU  - Vondolia, Godwin Kofi
AU  - Borch, Trude
AU  - Navrud, Ståle
DA  - 2018
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.12.017
PY  - 2018
SP  - 157-167
ST  - Valuing coastal recreation and the visual intrusion from commercial activities in Arctic Norway
TI  - Valuing coastal recreation and the visual intrusion from commercial activities in Arctic Norway
UR  - https://openchannels.org/literature/20518
VL  - 153
ID  - 122
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Wild fish were counted in 4 depth-related strata (bottom, midwater, cage and surface) around 3 floating sea-cage fish farms (Altea, Campello, Guardamar) along the Spanish coastline and 2 farms (Los Cristianos, San Andres) in the Canary Islands. Almost 200000 wild fish belonging to 53 species were seen; representatives of Sparidae (8 species), Carangidae (6 species), Mugilidae (5 species) and Chondrichthyid rays (7 species) were commonly observed. At all 5 farms, 1 to 3 taxa accounted for >74% of the abundance and >94% of the biomass of aggregated wild fish. Abun- dances (5.7 to 162 times) and biomasses (42 to 1728 times) of wild fish were higher in the cage stratum at the 3 Mediterranean farms than at the bottom. In contrast, abundances and biomasses of wild fish at the Canary Island farms were highest at the bottom at San Andres and highest at the sur- face at Los Cristianos. Large differences in the sizes of associated fish existed among farms, with low percentages of fish >20 cm total length at Guardamar, Los Cristianos and San Andres (11 to 25%) compared to Altea and Campello (81 to 95%). However, the greatest proportions of large fish were present in the cage stratum at each of the 5 farms. This variability suggests that assemblage structure and aggregated biomass of wild fish at farms cannot be predicted prior to their installation, causing uncertainty in modelling of nutrient dispersal. Further, the sedimentation 'footprint' of temperate sea- cage fish farms may vary depending on (1) the species and biomass of associated wild fish, and (2) where these fish are distributed in the water column. As wild fish consume lost feed and assimi- late nutrients, we suggest that coastal managers prohibit fishing of large planktivorous species at farms to fully harness their ability to ameliorate benthic impacts.
AN  - rayyan-279909304
AU  - Dempster, Tim
AU  - Fernandez-Jover, Damian
AU  - Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo
AU  - Tuya, Fernando
AU  - Bayle-Sempere, Just
DA  - 2005
DO  - doi:doi:10.3354/meps304015
PY  - 2005
SP  - 15-29
ST  - Vertical variability of wild fish assemblages around sea-cage fish farms: implications for management
TI  - Vertical variability of wild fish assemblages around sea-cage fish farms: implications for management
UR  - http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005MEPS..304...15D/abstract
VL  - 304
ID  - 31
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Video recordings have become a common method for monitoring the benthic environment around salmon farms, but generally they are only assessed qualitatively. We made a quantitative assessment of video recordings and compared the results with benthic invertebrate faunal data from the same sites. Transects around two Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farms were videoed, with environmental variables that clearly showed change with levels of organic enrichment ranked according to their degree of occurrence. These variables included Beggiatoa cover, pellets and faeces, sediment colour, and abundance of flora and fauna. Analysis of the data by multivariate statistics indicated that quantitative data from video recordings can clearly detect major organic enrichment, but that they are not as sensitive as benthic infaunal data to lower levels of disturbance. This assessment technique will need to be tailored to different environmental conditions, but shows promise for long-term monitoring programs.
AN  - rayyan-343236513
AU  - Crawford, C. M.
AU  - Mitchell, I. M.
AU  - Macleod, C. K.
DA  - 2001
DO  - doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.1042
PY  - 2001
SP  - 445-452
ST  - Video assessment of environmental impacts of salmon farms
TI  - Video assessment of environmental impacts of salmon farms
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/docview/18182368?accountid=12753&bdid=112275&_bd=8BDOs5%2BmePmaFV6KpRlSOhjwQ2E%3D
VL  - 58
ID  - 238
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The concept of a social licence to operate (SLO) that first emerged related to mining has been developed into several strands of theoretical models and used to study the social acceptance of industries in different contexts. There is an emerging literature on SLO for salmon-farming, but very few quantitative analyses are done to identify and assess factors that affect the level of social acceptance. Models that explain social acceptance levels from people's trust in an industry or company, their confidence in governance, and views on procedural and distributional fairness (trust models) are designed for quantitative analysis, and they have been successful in explaining social acceptance levels for mining. In this paper, we use survey data to test whether the factors in trust models can also explain the level of local social acceptance for salmon farming in Norway. From the structural equation modelling analysis, we conclude that these models at best have limited explanatory power in our case. We then develop an alternative model to analyse social acceptance, where factors of perception and attitudes and respondents' individual characteristics are tested as direct regression paths to influence level of acceptance. This model explains the variation in the data well. The factors that most strongly affect the level of acceptance, and which industry or authorities also can influence, are the perception of to what degree aquaculture is environmentally sustainable, whether the industry acts according to society's expectations, and if the industry is trustworthy. Practical implications for the industry and governance are discussed.
AN  - rayyan-321501886
AU  - Eriksen, Katrine
AU  - Mikkelsen, Eirik
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.740926
PY  - 2024
ST  - What affects the level of local social acceptance of salmon farming in Norway?
TI  - What affects the level of local social acceptance of salmon farming in Norway?
VL  - 588
ID  - 131
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) escape from net pens and enter rivers to spawn, potentially resulting in genetic introgression and reduced fitness of wild salmon. Here, we quantify genetic introgression of farmed to wild salmon, using molecular genetic markers, in populations from 147 salmon rivers, representing three-quarters of the total wild salmon spawning population in Norway. For 109 rivers with adult modern samples and sample sizes of 20 or more, the average level of farmed genetic introgression was 6.4% (median1⁄4 2.3%), with a range between 0.0% and 42.2%. Fifty-one of these rivers showed significant farmed genetic introgression when compared with historical reference samples. We observed a highly significant correlation between estimated farmed introgression and average proportion of escaped farmed salmon. We quantify levels of introgression as unweighted averages or weighted by population sizes, to compare geographical regions and to compare levels of introgression in rivers and fjords designated as locations deserving a high level of protection. We found a generally lower level of introgression in National Salmon Rivers and National Salmon Fjords subjected to formal protection by parliament. We conclude that farmed to wild genetic introgression is high in a large proportion of Norwegian salmon rivers, with the highest levels found in the most intensive areas of salmon farming. The extensive genetic introgression documented here poses a serious challenge to the management of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon in Norway and, in all likelihood, in other regions where farmed-salmon escape events occur with regularity
AN  - rayyan-321503747
AU  - Karlsson, Sten
AU  - Diserud, Ola Håvard
AU  - Fiske, Peder
AU  - Hindar, Kjetil
DA  - 2016
DO  - doi:doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsw121
PY  - 2016
SP  - 2488-2498
ST  - Widespread genetic introgression of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in wild salmon populations
TI  - Widespread genetic introgression of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in wild salmon populations
UR  - https://paperity.org/p/78784097/widespread-genetic-introgression-of-escaped-farmed-atlantic-salmon-in-wild-salmon
VL  - 73
ID  - 213
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - Fish farm structures attract a variety of fish species by providing solid structure, and 'free meals' in the form of uneaten feed and feces that fall from the cages. In this study, we com- pared the composition and abundances of wild fish populations around 2 fish farms in the Red Sea and at nearby reference locations. Fish assemblages were evaluated by SCUBA divers carrying out rapid visual censuses in August, September and October 2007. A total of 87 238 fishes, repre- senting 39 species and 25 families and a number of trophic levels, were observed. Overall, the abundance, biomass, and diversity of wild fish were much greater at the sea cages than at the open-water reference sites, at both fish farms. It is noteworthy that 35 out of the 39 species observed at the farms were juveniles and adults of coral-reef fish species. This finding is especially interesting, considering that the nearest coral reefs were >4 km away and reef fishes generally have small home ranges, typically <1 km. Among these, the Carangidae (5 species), Sparidae (3 species), and Pomacentridae (3 species) contributed the most to species richness. In light of strong fishing pressures in many areas, the large populations of wild fishes at the fish farms, the high availability of nourishment from artificial food pellets, and restrictions on fishing within farm lease areas, we suggest that coastal net-cage fish farms may serve as small marine protected areas.
AN  - rayyan-343237479
AU  - Özgül, Aytaç
AU  - Angel, Dror L.
DA  - 2013
DO  - doi:doi:10.3354/aei00076
PY  - 2013
SP  - 135-145
ST  - Wild fish aggregations around fish farms in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea: implications for fisheries management and conservation
TI  - Wild fish aggregations around fish farms in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea: implications for fisheries management and conservation
UR  - https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v4/n2/p135-145/
VL  - 4
ID  - 265
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - This study presents an Agent-Based Model (ABM) simulation to assess the impact of varying migration routes on sea lice (Caligus clemensi) infestation levels in juvenile wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Discovery Islands, British Columbia, Canada. This research highlights the importance of migratory routes in determining the extent of exposure to sea lice originating from nearby salmon farms. Three northward out-migration routes were modelled, each exposing the fish to different levels of infestation pressure based on proximity to salmon farms. The ABM incorporates spatially explicit migration patterns of juvenile sockeye salmon using a detailed raster map of the Discovery Islands. Key variables such as swimming speed, progression rate, and infestation levels were integrated into the model, offering a comprehensive analysis of migration and infestation dynamics. The study revealed that infestation rate is highly variable, depending on migration routes. Specifically, salmon traveling longer migration routes with lower infestation pressure may experience higher sea lice loads compared to those on shorter routes with higher infestation pressure. This underscores the role of low infestation pressures and the critical influence of swimming speed, which affects exposure time, and thus infestation rates. Additionally, the study conducted a sensitivity analysis to understand the influence of various parameters on infestation rates. This analysis highlighted the importance of swimming speed and progression rate, particularly in routes closer to the farms. The findings suggest that slower swimming speeds and meandering routes increase exposure to lice, thereby elevating infestation levels. The research contributes to understanding the dynamics of sea lice transmission and its relationship with salmon migration patterns. It underscores the necessity of considering migratory routes and farm proximity in managing and mitigating the impact of sea lice infestation on wild salmon populations. This study’s insights are crucial for developing strategies to balance aquaculture practices with the conservation of wild salmon. © 2024 Jeong, McEwan. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
AN  - rayyan-279909387
AU  - Jeong, J.
AU  - McEwan, G.
DA  - 2024
DO  - doi:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309215
PY  - 2024
ST  - Wild salmon migration routes influence sea lice infestations: An agent-based model predicting farm-related infestations on juvenile salmon
TI  - Wild salmon migration routes influence sea lice infestations: An agent-based model predicting farm-related infestations on juvenile salmon
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85201852018&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0309215&partnerID=40&md5=e7cc2db7905c4959268c35388eca23ef
VL  - 19
ID  - 37
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AB  - The sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kroyer) is a major health problem for both farmed and wild salmonids. This paper investigates louse epidemiology and management in the salmonfarming zone of western Scotland. Based on a review of the marine ecology of wild salmon (Salmo salar L) and sea trout (Salmo trutta L), and catch and farm production statistics, best estimates were made for numbers of wild and farm hosts present in coastal waters in March-June 2000. Applying data for ovigerous female louse infections and fecundity, the sources and risks of larval transmission to wild salmon and sea trout were modelled. Farm salmon in the second spring of production were the primary host group (98% of fish), while numbers of wild salmonids (<1%) and escaped farm salmon (2%) were relatively insignificant. Farm salmon produced 97% of louse eggs at high levels (eight ovigerous lice per fish), and 78% at low levels (one per fish). Wild salmonids produced <1% of eggs under both scenarios, but escaped farm salmon produced 3% and 21%, respectively. All hosts potentially cross-infect one another, but farm salmon are more likely to infect wild and farm smolts, and also other farm salmon. Monitoring of lice on sea trout in June 1998-2000 by the Association of West Coast Fisheries Trusts corroborated the model's conclusions. Localised epizootics occurred every year and coincided with the presence of ovigerous lice on local farms. In areas of mixed-year class production on farms, epizootics were evident every spring, but occurred every second spring in areas of single-year class production. In 1998-2000 at least 14-40% of sea trout were infected with potentially lethal infestations of lice. Ovigerous louse levels of <0.005 per fish were required on farm salmon in the spring of 2000 to produce less eggs than those emitted by wild salmonids. With the industry's continued expansion, and thus increased numbers of farm salmon, a target of zero ovigerous lice will be required on farms to minimise impacts on wild salmonids. Due to the limited long-term efficacy and availability of louse medicines, management strategies are discussed which will improve control, including single-year class production over large areas, alternate S1-S1/2 smolt inputs, and 11-month production cycles.
AN  - rayyan-343238473
AU  - Butler, James R. A.
DA  - 2002
DO  - doi:doi:10.1002/ps.490
PY  - 2002
SP  - 595-608
ST  - Wild salmonids and sea louse infestations on the west coast of Scotland: sources of infection and implications for the management of marine salmon farms†
TI  - Wild salmonids and sea louse infestations on the west coast of Scotland: sources of infection and implications for the management of marine salmon farms†
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ps.490
VL  - 58
ID  - 301
ER  - 

