A 22-year-old Caucasian woman, gravida 3 para 2, was admitted to our unit at the 26th week of gestation for a detailed anatomy scan. Her pregnancy had been uncomplicated and an ultrasound examination at the 12th week of gestation had not revealed any anomaly. Fetal growth and the amniotic fluid volume were normal. The transabdominal ultrasound examination at the 22nd week of gestation revealed anhydramnios, which lead to the patient being referred to our clinic. A detailed transabdominal ultrasound examination was performed using Voluson E8 equipment with a 5.0MHz convex probe (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK). Anhydramnios and failure to visualize the kidneys, bladder and renal vessels were confirmed with the use of sonography in our department. Since the lack of amniotic fluid limited the acoustic window for fetal USG, an MRI scan was requested to confirm suspected renal agenesis. A fetal MRI scan was performed two weeks later at the 28th week of gestation and confirmed the suspected diagnosis. No other anomalies were detected. MRI was performed using a General Electric Optima 360 1.5T scanner (GE Healthcare). Single-shot fast spin-echo sequences (SSFSE) were used, obtaining T2-weighted images in coronal, axial and sagittal planes. The MRI examination was well tolerated by our patient, and fetal movements did not alter the image quality, even though no maternal sedation was used. A baby boy was born by breech vaginal delivery after spontaneous onset of labor at the 34th week of gestation. The boy weighed 1690g, with Apgar scores of 6 and 4, at two and five minutes, respectively. There was a respiratory effort observed and his heart rate was 50 to 60bpm. The parents requested no resuscitation, and the newborn died one hour after delivery. The diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis was confirmed on autopsy. Polish law prohibits termination of pregnancy after the second trimester. However, even when the decision to continue pregnancy is made, a precise diagnosis may help health-care professionals prepare the parents for the neonatal outcome and make a decision concerning postnatal management of the child.