Bachelor's Thesis
Title EST: Lendavate putukate arvukust mjutavad tegurid Luna-Eesti maanteede res
Title ENG: Factors affecting the number of flying insects along the roads of Southern Estonia
Publisher: Eesti Maalikool
Author: Rannaste, Liisa
Advisors: Karise, Reet; Liiskmann, Egle; Mnd, Marika
Date of defense: 27 May 2024
Repository: http://hdl.handle.net/10492/9118
Rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

ABSTRACT:

EST
Tnapeval on ha olulisem mista liikluskoormuse ja kossteemide vahelisi seoseid, eriti arvestades inimeste liikumisvajadust ja looduskeskkonna silitamise thtsust. ks vtmeaspekte on lendavate putukate arvukus ja nende elupaikade seisund teede res, mis vib liiklusest tulenevate mjude tttu muutuda. Putukad mngivad olulist rolli toiduvrgustikes ja kossteemi teenuste pakkumisel, mistttu teedevrgu laienemine on murettekitav. Antud teemal leidub vhe phjapanevat materjali. T eesmrgiks on uurida mitmesuguseid tegureid, sealhulgas teeserva majandamist, ldist maakasutust ja tee liikluskoormust teeservades elavate putukate arvukusele ning vimalikule hukkumisele. Seirealad paiknesid Luna-Eestis Tartu mbruses suuremate ja viksemate teede res. Vliseiret teostades loetleti teeservades kik tolmeldajad ja pevaliblikad ning tuvastati nende taksonoomiline kuuluvus, hinnati maastiku erinevaid omadusi, mis olid hpoteeside kontrollimiseks vajalikud, mrati itsvate taimede hulk ja protsent iga alamtransekti keskpaigas oleva juhuslikult valitud 1x1m ruudu sees, mdeti liiklustihedust ja mrati esinevad sidukitbid. Uuringust selgus, et tolmeldajate arv ei sltu teeserva laiusest, taimestiku krgusest ega liikluskoormusest, ja nende hukkumist ei tuvastatud, mis vib viidata sobimatu metoodika kasutamisele. Siiski leiti positiivne seos liikluskoormuse ja kleepsudel hukkunud putukate arvu vahel suurte teede res, kusjuures elupaigad tihedama liiklusega teede res osutusid pisiputukatele soodsamaks. Pllu olemasolu teeservas suurendas autode tttu hukkuvate putukate hulka. Tolmeldajate arvukus oli krgeim pigem rohumaade res. Teeserva majandamise vtted ei mjutanud oluliselt ei hukkuvate putukate ega itel loendatud tolmeldajate arvu.

ENG
Nowadays, understanding the relationships between traffic load and ecosystems has become increasingly important, especially considering the need for human mobility and the importance of preserving the natural environment. One key aspect is the abundance of flying insects and the condition of their habitats along roadsides, which can be directly affected by traffic impacts. The aim of this study is to look into various factors, including roadside management, general land use, and road traffic load, on the abundance and potential mortality of insects living along roadsides. There is limited foundational material on this topic. This study is part of the Safeguard project, which involved several partner universities. The methodology is based on the protocol agreed upon in the Horizon 2020 Safeguard project. The monitoring areas were located in southern Estonia around Tartu, along both major and minor roads. By conducting field monitoring, all pollinators and butterflies were listed at the roadsides and their taxonomic affiliation was identified, the various characteristics of the terrain that were necessary to verify the hypotheses were assessed, the number and percentage of flowering plants within a randomly selected 1x1m square in the middle of each subtransect were determined, traffic density was measured, and the vehicle types present were determined. The study found that the number of pollinators does not depend on the width of the roadside, the height of vegetation or the traffic load, and their deaths were not detected, which may indicate the use of an inappropriate methodology. However, a positive correlation was found between the traffic load and the number of insects killed by stickers along major roads, with habitats along more busy roads proving to be more favorable to small insects. The presence of a field on the side of the road increased the number of insects dying due to cars. The abundance of pollinators was highest along grasslands. Roadside management techniques had no significant impact on either the number of insects dying or the number of pollinators counted on the flowers.

