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COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF SINHALA MEDICINAL PLANT NAMES AND AYURVEDIC
PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS FROM SRI LANKAN SOURCES
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Compiled from: Sri Lanka Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, Department of Ayurveda
publications, WHO monographs, University research (Colombo, Kelaniya, Ruhuna),
PMC/PubMed ethnobotanical surveys, Dictionary of Medicinal Plants (906 spp.),
Institute of Ayurveda database, Sri Lanka Ayurvedic Drugs Corporation, Deshiya
Chikitsa tradition, and Dravyaguna Vijnana references.

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PART A: MEDICINAL PLANT NAMES (200+)
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Format: Sinhala Name | Botanical/Scientific Name | English Name | Source/Notes

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A
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1.   Aralu          | Terminalia chebula         | Chebulic myrobalan     | Triphala ingredient; Pharmacopoeia
2.   Asamodagam     | Trachyspermum ammi         | Carom seeds / Ajwain   | Deshiya Chikitsa
3.   Adatoda        | Justicia adhatoda          | Malabar nut            | Gampaha ethnobotanical survey
4.   Akkapana       | Pistia stratiotes          | Water lettuce          | Traditional aquatic herb
5.   Ala            | Dioscorea spp.             | Wild yam               | Food-medicine
6.   Andanahiriya   | Crotalaria micans          | Rattlepod              | Kaha-andanahiriya variant
7.   Ankenda        | Acronychia pedunculata     | Ankenda                | Timber-medicine tree
8.   Aratha         | Alpinia calcarata          | Snap ginger            | Endemic; anti-inflammatory
9.   Aswenna        | Alysicarpus vaginalis      | Alyce clover           | Deshiya Chikitsa
10.  Aswagandha     | Withania somnifera         | Winter cherry          | Pharmacopoeia; adaptogen

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B
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11.  Batu           | Solanum melongena          | Eggplant / Brinjal     | Paspanguwa variant
12.  Belimal        | Aegle marmelos             | Bael fruit / Wood apple| Pharmacopoeia
13.  Bim kohomba    | Munronia pinnata           | Munronia               | Endemic; cancer treatment
14.  Bim thaburu    | Sida cordifolia            | Country mallow         | Anti-inflammatory
15.  Bo             | Ficus religiosa            | Sacred fig / Bo tree   | Sacred; medicinal bark
16.  Bulath         | Piper betle                | Betel leaf             | Traditional chew; medicinal
17.  Bulu           | Terminalia bellirica       | Beleric myrobalan      | Triphala ingredient; Pharmacopoeia
18.  Bovitiya       | Osbeckia aspera            | Rough osbeckia         | Endemic genus

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D
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19.  Damba          | Syzygium operculatum       | Damba tree             | Timber; medicinal bark
20.  Dehi           | Citrus medica              | Citron                 | Digestive; Ayurveda
21.  Devadara       | Cedrus deodara             | Deodar cedar           | Oil; sacred wood
22.  Divul          | Limonia acidissima         | Wood apple             | Digestive; fruit medicine
23.  Domba          | Calophyllum inophyllum     | Indian laurel          | Oil; skin medicine
24.  Dummella       | Euodia lunu-ankenda        | Dummella               | Endemic; fragrant
25.  Diya labu      | Lagenaria siceraria        | Bottle gourd           | Cooling; diuretic

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E
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26.  Ehela          | Cassia fistula             | Golden shower          | Constipation; fevers
27.  Ela batu       | Solanum surattense         | Yellow-berried nightsh.| Respiratory; paspanguwa
28.  Endaru         | Ricinus communis           | Castor                 | Oil; purgative
29.  Eraminiya      | Ziziphus mauritiana        | Indian jujube          | Fruit; tonic
30.  Etteriya       | Murraya paniculata         | Orange jessamine       | Toothache; cosmetic

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G
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31.  Gammiris       | Piper nigrum               | Black pepper           | Spice; heating herb
32.  Gansuriya      | Thespesia populnea         | Portia tree            | Cancer (leuk./lymph.); skin
33.  Gas penela     | Sapindus trifoliatus       | Soapnut tree           | Washing; medicinal
34.  Godapara       | Dillenia retusa            | Dillenia               | Endemic tree; bark medicine
35.  Gotukola       | Centella asiatica          | Gotu kola / Pennywort  | Memory; wounds; porridge
36.  Goraka         | Garcinia cambogia          | Garcinia               | Weight; digestive
37.  Guru kina      | Tinospora cordifolia       | Guduchi                | Fever; immune

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H
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38.  Hathawariya    | Asparagus racemosus        | Wild asparagus         | Female tonic; kola kanda
39.  Heen bovitiya  | Osbeckia octandra          | Eight-stamen osbeckia  | Endemic; diabetes; hepatitis
40.  Heen nelli     | Phyllanthus debilis        | Small gooseberry       | Diuretic; liver
41.  Heen pala      | Glinus oppositifolius      | --                     | Ayurvedic; urinary
42.  Hik            | Litsea glutinosa           | Pond spice             | Dysentery; fractures
43.  Hora           | Dipterocarpus zeylanicus    | Hora tree              | Endemic timber; oleoresin

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I
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44.  Imbul          | Ceiba pentandra            | Kapok / Silk cotton    | Bark; diuretic
45.  Inguru         | Zingiber officinale         | Ginger                 | Paspanguwa; digestive; heating
46.  Iramusu        | Hemidesmus indicus          | Indian sarsaparilla    | Blood purifier; kola kanda
47.  Iriveriya      | Plectranthus zeylanicus     | --                     | Anti-inflammatory; endemic

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K
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48.  Kaduru         | Cerbera manghas            | Sea mango              | Poisonous; external use
49.  Kadol          | Ceriops tagal              | Yellow mangrove        | Bark medicine
50.  Kaha           | Curcuma longa              | Turmeric               | Spice; anti-inflammatory
51.  Kakuna         | Caryota urens              | Fishtail palm          | Kithul-kin; toddy; jaggery
52.  Kalu wala      | Acorus calamus             | Sweet flag             | Nervous system
53.  Kapuru         | Cinnamomum camphora        | Camphor tree           | Analgesic; aromatic
54.  Karapincha     | Murraya koenigii           | Curry leaves           | Digestive; kola kanda; spice
55.  Karabu nati    | Syzygium aromaticum        | Cloves                 | Toothache; spice; Arishta
56.  Karandamungu   | Elettaria cardamomum       | Cardamom               | Spice; digestive
57.  Karawila       | Momordica charantia        | Bitter gourd           | Diabetes; cooling
58.  Katupila       | Euphorbia antiquorum       | Cactus spurge          | External; joint pain
59.  Katuru murunga | Sesbania grandiflora       | Vegetable hummingbird  | Flowers; anticancer
60.  Katuwelbatu    | Solanum xanthocarpum       | Yellow-berried nightsh.| Paspanguwa; respiratory
61.  Keppetiya      | Croton lacciferus          | Lanka croton           | Endemic; wound healing
62.  Kekirindiya    | Eclipta prostrata          | False daisy            | Hair; liver; bhringraj
63.  Kina           | Cinchona spp.              | Quinine tree           | Fever; malaria
64.  Kithul         | Caryota urens              | Fishtail palm / Kithul | Treacle; jaggery; medicine
65.  Kohila         | Lasia spinosa              | Lasia                  | Rheumatism; piles
66.  Kohomba        | Azadirachta indica         | Neem                   | Antibacterial; skin; sacred
67.  Kolon          | Ziziphus jujuba            | Jujube                 | Fruit; tonic
68.  Komarika       | Aloe vera                  | Aloe                   | Skin; digestive; cooling
69.  Kos            | Artocarpus heterophyllus   | Jackfruit              | Food-medicine; tonifying
70.  Kothala himbutu| Salacia reticulata         | --                     | Diabetes; obesity; endemic
71.  Koththamalli   | Coriandrum sativum         | Coriander              | Paspanguwa; spice; cooling
72.  Kottamba       | Terminalia catappa          | Indian almond          | Bark; dysentery
73.  Kumbuk         | Terminalia arjuna          | Arjun tree             | Heart tonic; bark
74.  Kurundu        | Cinnamomum verum           | Ceylon cinnamon        | Spice; blood sugar; aromatic

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L
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75.  Labu           | Cucurbita spp.             | Pumpkin / Gourd        | Cooling; nutritive
76.  Lunu           | --                         | Salt                   | Ayurveda mineral ingredient

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M
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77.  Madan          | Syzygium cumini            | Java plum / Jamun      | Diabetes; fruit
78.  Madu           | Madhuca longifolia         | Mahua tree             | Oil; sweetener; bark
79.  Maduru         | Foeniculum vulgare         | Fennel                 | Spice; digestive; thuna paha
80.  Maila          | Bauhinia racemosa          | Bidi leaf tree         | Bark; anti-dysenteric
81.  Mee            | Madhuca longifolia var.    | Mee tree               | Oil; timber; medicine
82.  Militta        | Woodfordia floribunda      | Fire-flame bush        | Fermenting agent; Arishta
83.  Mukunuwenna    | Alternanthera sessilis     | Sessile joyweed        | Daily green; liver; cooling
84.  Murunga        | Moringa oleifera           | Drumstick tree         | Nutritive; anti-inflammatory
85.  Mustard / Aba  | Brassica juncea            | Mustard                | Spice; heating; oil

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N
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86.  Na             | Mesua ferrea               | Ironwood / Na tree     | Sacred; flower medicine; oil
87.  Namal          | Nelumbo nucifera           | Lotus                  | Sacred; flower medicine
88.  Nelli          | Phyllanthus emblica        | Indian gooseberry      | Triphala; vitamin C; cooling
89.  Nedun          | Pericopsis mooniana        | Nedun                  | Endemic timber; bark
90.  Nika           | Vitex negundo              | Five-leaved chaste tree| Anti-inflammatory; joint pain
91.  Nil katarolu   | Clitoria ternatea          | Butterfly pea          | Memory; coloring agent
92.  Nil manel      | Nymphaea nouchali          | Blue water lily        | National flower; medicine
93.  Nivithi        | Basella alba               | Malabar spinach        | Cooling; demulcent
94.  Neeramulliya   | Hygrophila auriculata      | --                     | Kidney; liver

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O
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95.  Olu            | Nymphaea spp.              | Water lily             | Cooling; sacred; edible

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P
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96.  Palu           | Manilkara hexandra         | Palu tree              | Timber; fruit; bark medicine
97.  Pathpadagam    | Hedyotis corymbosa         | --                     | Paspanguwa; fever; cooling
98.  Pichcha        | Jasminum spp.              | Jasmine                | Fragrant; oil; skin
99.  Polpala        | Aerva lanata               | Mountain knotgrass     | Kidney; urinary; kola kanda
100. Pol            | Cocos nucifera             | Coconut                | Oil; food-medicine
101. Pawatta        | Justicia adhatoda          | Malabar nut / Adhatoda | Paspanguwa variant; cough
102. Puwak          | Areca catechu              | Areca nut / Betel nut  | Traditional chew; astringent

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R
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103. Rampe          | Pandanus amaryllifolius    | Pandan / Screwpine     | Flavoring; fragrant
104. Ranawara       | Senna auriculata           | Avaram senna           | Cooling; skin; kola kanda
105. Rath handun    | Pterocarpus santalinus     | Red sandalwood         | Cooling; skin; cosmetic
106. Rath kadol     | Ceriops tagal              | Red-barked mangrove    | Bark medicine
107. Rukaththana    | Alstonia scholaris         | Devil tree             | Fever; malaria; bark

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S
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108. Sapu           | Michelia champaca          | Champak                | Fragrant; flower medicine
109. Sarana         | Trianthema portulacastrum  | Horse purslane         | Edema; liver
110. Seetharama     | Ocimum tenuiflorum         | Holy basil / Tulsi     | Sacred; respiratory
111. Sera           | Cymbopogon citratus        | Lemongrass             | Aromatic; digestive; spice
112. Sewendara      | Vetiveria zizanioides      | Vetiver                | Cooling; fragrant; roots
113. Sinhala        | Cinnamomum zeylanicum      | True cinnamon          | Same as kurundu; var. name
114. Siyambala      | Tamarindus indica          | Tamarind               | Digestive; sour; cooling
115. Suduru         | Cuminum cyminum            | Cumin                  | Spice; digestive; thuna paha
116. Sudu handun    | Santalum album             | White sandalwood       | Cooling; meditation; cosmetic
117. Sudu lunu      | Sodium chloride            | Common salt            | Mineral; Ayurveda

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T
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118. Tel            | Sesamum indicum            | Sesame                 | Oil; base for thailaya
119. Thampala       | Amaranthus spp.            | Amaranth / Pigweed     | Green leafy; nutritive
120. Thebu          | Costus speciosus           | Crepe ginger           | Diabetes; anti-inflammatory
121. Thibbatu       | Solanum torvum             | Turkey berry           | Respiratory; cough
122. Thippili       | Piper longum               | Long pepper            | Paspanguwa var.; heating
123. Thora          | Senna tora                 | Sickle senna           | Skin; ringworm
124. Thambala       | Ehretia microphylla        | Fukien tea tree        | Heen thambala; medicine

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U
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125. Ulu hal        | Trigonella foenum-graecum  | Fenugreek              | Spice; blood sugar; galactog.
126. Undupiyaliya   | Desmodium triflorum        | Three-flower beggarweed| Deshiya Chikitsa

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V / W
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127. Venivel        | Coscinium fenestratum      | Yellow vine / Tree turm| Paspanguwa; antibacterial
128. Vishnukranthi  | Evolvulus alsinoides        | Dwarf morning glory    | Memory; paspanguwa variant
129. Wada kaha      | Acorus calamus             | Sweet flag / Calamus   | Nervous system; voice
130. Wal inguru     | Zingiber zerumbet          | Shampoo ginger         | Wild ginger; anti-inflammatory
131. Wara           | Calamus rotang             | Rattan                 | Basket; traditional medicine
132. Welbatu        | Solanum virginianum        | Surattense nightshade  | Respiratory; tooth pain
133. Welpenela      | Cardiospermum halicacabum  | Balloon vine           | Kola kanda; rheumatism; hernia
134. Weera          | Drypetes sepiaria          | Weera tree             | Timber; bark medicine

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ADDITIONAL PLANT NAMES (135-210+)
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135. Aththora       | Cassia auriculata          | Avaram senna variant   | Synonym for Ranawara
136. Ath demata     | Agave americana            | Century plant          | Wound healing; soap
137. Beli           | Aegle marmelos             | Bael                   | Same as Belimal; sacred
138. Bo kola        | Ficus religiosa (leaf)     | Sacred fig leaf        | Temple medicine
139. Diya kaduru    | Euphorbia tirucalli        | Pencil tree            | External; toxic
140. Erabadu        | Erythrina variegata        | Coral tree             | Bark; fever
141. Gandapana      | Lantana camara             | Wild sage / Lantana    | Anti-inflammatory
142. Gas labu       | Crescentia cujete          | Calabash tree          | Container; medicine
143. Gini tel       | Pongamia pinnata           | Indian beech           | Oil; skin disease
144. Habarala       | Alocasia macrorrhizos      | Giant taro             | Poisonous raw; poultice
145. Hal milla      | Berrya cordifolia          | Trincomalee wood      | Timber; bark
146. Harak mulla    | Tribulus terrestris        | Puncture vine          | Urinary; aphrodisiac
147. Heen endaru    | Ricinus communis (small)   | Small castor           | Oil; purgative
148. Hin sarana     | Trianthema decandra        | --                     | Variant of sarana
149. Hunumadalla    | Chrysopogon zizanioides    | Vetiver grass variant  | Fragrant; anti-pyretic
150. Irathu         | Flacourtia indica          | Governor's plum        | Fruit; bark
151. Jambu          | Syzygium jambos            | Rose apple             | Fruit; diabetes
152. Kala wel       | Derris scandens            | Jewel vine             | Fish poison; traditional
153. Kara           | Canthium coromandelicum    | --                     | Diabetes treatment
154. Kekiri         | Cucumis melo               | Melon                  | Cooling; diuretic
155. Kiri wala      | Holarrhena pubescens       | Kurchi                 | Dysentery; bark
156. Kohila         | Lasia spinosa              | --                     | Piles; rheumatism
157. Kon            | Schleichera oleosa         | Lac tree               | Oil; hair medicine
158. Kottan         | Saussurea costus           | Costus root            | Aromatic; digestive
159. Kudalu         | Artocarpus nobilis         | Kudalu tree            | Endemic; fruit
160. Madatiya       | Syzygium caryophyllatum    | Wild clove             | Endemic; aromatic
161. Maha penela    | Sapindus emarginatus       | Soapberry (large)      | Washing; medicine
162. Maha ratmaha-  | Abrus precatorius          | Rosary pea             | Toxic seed; root med.
      nena
163. Maha tel       | Madhuca neriifolia         | --                     | Oil tree
164. Monarakudumbiya| Vernonia cinerea           | Little ironweed        | Fever; malaria
165. Mudamahana     | Epaltes divaricata         | --                     | Anti-inflammatory
166. Naga           | Mesua ferrea               | Ironwood (syn. Na)     | Same as Na
167. Olu            | Nymphaea stellata          | Star water lily        | Cooling; sacred
168. Pan            | Piper betle (leaf)         | Betel leaf             | Chewing; digestive
169. Pani koorka    | Coleus aromaticus          | Indian borage          | Cough; respiratory
170. Penela         | Sapindus saponaria         | Soapberry              | Traditional soap
171. Pitawakka      | Citrullus lanatus          | Watermelon             | Cooling; diuretic
172. Pol kudu pala  | Aerva lanata               | Polpala variant        | Kidney; urinary
173. Rasakinda      | Tinospora cordifolia       | Guduchi vine           | Same as Guru kina
174. Rath ahala     | Cassia roxburghii          | Red-barked cassia      | Bark; laxative
175. Rath kadju     | Anacardium occidentale     | Cashew                 | Fruit; bark
176. Rata           | Abrus precatorius          | Crab's eye             | Eye inflammation (ext.)
177. Ruk aththana   | Alstonia scholaris (bark)  | Devil tree bark        | Fever; tonic
178. Saman pichcha  | Plumeria rubra             | Frangipani             | Temple; skin medicine
179. Sanna          | Crotalaria verrucosa       | Blue rattlepod         | Deshiya Chikitsa
180. Savandara      | Vetiveria zizanioides      | Vetiver (variant)      | Same as Sewendara
181. Tala           | Borassus flabellifer       | Palmyra palm           | Toddy; jaggery
182. Thalana        | Terminalia arjuna (bark)   | Arjuna bark            | Heart tonic
183. Thel kola      | Brassica nigra             | Black mustard          | Oil; heating
184. Thembili       | Cocos nucifera (King coc.) | King coconut           | Hydrating; cooling
185. Thuththiri     | Ipomoea aquatica           | Water spinach          | Kankun; cooling
186. Thibiri        | Ficus racemosa             | Cluster fig            | Diabetes; fruit
187. Udahalu        | Flacourtia jangomas        | Indian plum            | Fruit; bark
188. Wal Kohomba    | Melia azedarach            | Persian lilac          | Insecticidal; external
189. Wal thibiri    | Ficus hispida              | Hairy fig              | Traditional
190. Wana sapu      | Michelia nilagirica        | Forest champak         | Fragrant; endemic
191. Weli           | Oryza sativa               | Rice (paddy)           | Base for peyawa
192. Weralu         | Elaeocarpus serratus       | Ceylon olive            | Fruit; bark
193. Yakada marana  | Phyllanthus niruri         | Stonebreaker           | Kidney; liver
194. Yak beriya     | Toddalia asiatica          | Orange climber         | Fever; malaria
195. Dan            | Syzygium caryophyllatum    | Wild cinnamon          | Aromatic
196. Kalu merica    | Piper nigrum (dark)        | Black peppercorn       | Variant of gammiris
197. Kiri ala       | Colocasia esculenta        | Taro                   | Food; demulcent
198. Maha kola      | Piper longum (leaf)        | Long pepper leaf       | Heating; respiratory
199. Rukam          | Flacourtia rukam           | Rukam                  | Fruit; astringent
200. Sawinda        | Tinospora sinensis         | Chinese guduchi        | Immune; bitter tonic
201. Tippili        | Piper longum               | Long pepper            | Same as Thippili
202. Wal kudumbiya  | Clerodendrum infortunatum  | Hill clerodendrum      | Anti-inflammatory
203. Thuvarala      | Cassia fistula (bark)      | Cassia bark            | Laxative
204. Bakmi          | Barleria prionitis         | Porcupine flower       | Cough; tooth
205. Diyamaneriya   | Costus speciosus (aq.)     | Water crepe ginger     | Aquatic variant
206. Hin bovitiya   | Osbeckia octandra          | Same as Heen bovitiya  | Endemic; antidiabetic
207. Irathu mal     | Flacourtia indica (fl.)    | Governor's plum flower | Traditional
208. Kiri anguna    | Cynometra cauliflora       | --                     | Rare; medicinal
209. Lolu           | Oryza rufipogon            | Wild rice              | Traditional
210. Wal ahala      | Cassia abbreviata          | Wild cassia            | Bark; traditional
211. Wana ratmal    | Ixora coccinea             | Jungle geranium        | Flower medicine
212. Kadawara       | Derris trifoliata          | Derris                 | Fish-poison plant


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PART B: COMPOUND FORMULATIONS & PREPARATIONS - SINHALA NAMES (100+)
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Format: Sinhala Name | Type | Description | Key Ingredients

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B1. PASPANGUWA (The Traditional Five-Part Decoction)
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The name means "five portions" (pas = five, panguwa = portion)

Core 5 ingredients:
  1. Inguru         (Zingiber officinale - Ginger)
  2. Pathpadagam    (Hedyotis corymbosa)
  3. Katuwelbatu    (Solanum xanthocarpum)
  4. Veniwelgeta    (Coscinium fenestratum - Yellow vine)
  5. Koththamalli   (Coriandrum sativum - Coriander)

Optional additions: Thippili, Batu, Gammiris, Vishnukranthi, Pawatta

Use: Colds, coughs, headaches, fever, body aches
Preparation: Boiled in water as a decoction (peyawa)

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B2. TRIPHALA (Three-Fruit Formula)
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  1. Aralu      (Terminalia chebula)    - Heating; scraping/detox
  2. Bulu       (Terminalia bellirica)  - Good for kapha; respiratory
  3. Nelli      (Phyllanthus emblica)   - Cooling; pitta-managing; liver

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B3. THUNA PAHA (Three-to-Five Spice Powder / Curry Powder)
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Core 3 (thuna = three):
  1. Koththamalli  (Coriander)
  2. Suduru        (Cumin)
  3. Maduru        (Fennel)

Extended to 5-7 with:
  4. Kaha          (Turmeric)
  5. Gammiris      (Black pepper)
  6. Kurundu       (Cinnamon)
  7. Karapincha    (Curry leaves)

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B4. KOLA KANDA (Herbal Green Porridge)
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Base: Rice, coconut milk, medicinal green leaves
Common leaf ingredients (in Sinhala):
  - Gotukola      (Centella asiatica)
  - Karapincha    (Murraya koenigii)
  - Welpenela     (Cardiospermum halicacabum)
  - Iramusu       (Hemidesmus indicus)
  - Hathawariya   (Asparagus racemosus)
  - Polpala       (Aerva lanata)
  - Ranawara      (Senna auriculata)
  - Mukunuwenna   (Alternanthera sessilis)

Served hot with jaggery (hakuru). Buddhist monastic tradition.

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B5. ARISHTA PREPARATIONS (Fermented Herbal Wines)
    From Sri Lanka Ayurvedic Drugs Corporation
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1.   Abayarishtaya         | Arishta | Digestive; tonic
2.   Amurtharishtaya       | Arishta | Immune tonic
3.   Arjunarishtaya        | Arishta | Heart tonic (Kumbuk bark)
4.   Ashokarishtaya        | Arishta | Female reproductive
5.   Ashwagandharishtaya   | Arishta | Adaptogen; strength
6.   Balarishtaya          | Arishta | Neurological; rheumatic
7.   Danthiyarishtaya      | Arishta | Dental; gum health
8.   Dasamoolarishtaya     | Arishta | Ten-root formula; fever
9.   Draksharishtaya       | Arishta | Grape-based; nutritive
10.  Kadirarishtaya        | Arishta | Urinary; kidney
11.  Musthakadyarishtaya   | Arishta | Digestive; diarrhoea
12.  Nimbarishtaya         | Arishta | Neem-based; skin
13.  Saraswatharishtaya    | Arishta | Brain tonic; memory

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B6. CHOORNAYA PREPARATIONS (Herbal Powders)
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14.  Ashwaganda Choornaya    | Choorna | Adaptogen powder
15.  Avipaththikara Choornaya| Choorna | Digestive; acidity
16.  Bashkaralawana Choornaya| Choorna | Salt-based; digestive
17.  Seethopaladi Choornaya  | Choorna | Respiratory; cough
18.  Sukumara Choornaya      | Choorna | Female health
19.  Thriphala Choornaya     | Choorna | Three-fruit powder
20.  Panchawalkala Choornaya | Choorna | Five-bark formula; skin

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B7. THAILAYA PREPARATIONS (Medicated Oils)
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21.  Neelyadi Thailaya       | Thaila | Hair; scalp
22.  Kubja Prasarini Oil     | Thaila | Joint; neurological
23.  Bala Koranda Oil        | Thaila | Strengthening
24.  Dhanwanthara Thailaya   | Thaila | Rheumatic; joint
25.  Pinda Thailaya          | Thaila | Anti-inflammatory
26.  Naarayana Thailaya      | Thaila | General tonic oil
27.  Ksheerabala Thailaya    | Thaila | Neuro; paralysis

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B8. GULIYA / MODAKAYA (Pills / Boluses)
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28.  Madana Modakaya         | Guliya | Emetic formula
29.  Sudarshana Guliya       | Guliya | Fever; anti-malarial
30.  Sinhanaada Guliya       | Guliya | Rheumatic
31.  Chandraprabha Guliya    | Guliya | Urinary; diabetes

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B9. OTHER PREPARATION TYPES (SLADC and Traditional)
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32.  Pinda Balm              | Balm   | Topical analgesic
33.  Rathhadun Body Wash     | Wash   | Red sandalwood cosmetic
34.  Panchawalkala Shampoo   | Cosmetic | Five-bark hair wash
35.  Ashwagandha Wine        | Wine   | Tonic wine


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PART C: AYURVEDIC / DRAVYAGUNA PHARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY
================================================================================

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C1. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES (Sinhala / Sanskrit-Sinhala usage)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

THE THREE DOSHAS (Tri-Dosha):
1.   Vatha / Vayu     | Wind humor     | Combination of air + space
2.   Pitha / Pitta    | Bile humor     | Combination of fire + water
3.   Sem / Kapha      | Phlegm humor   | Combination of earth + water

SAPTA DHATU (Seven Tissues):
4.   Rasa dhatu       | Plasma / Lymph
5.   Raktha dhatu     | Blood
6.   Mamsa dhatu      | Muscle
7.   Meda dhatu       | Fat / Adipose
8.   Asthi dhatu      | Bone
9.   Majja dhatu      | Marrow / Nerve
10.  Shukra dhatu     | Reproductive tissue

TRI-MALA (Three Wastes):
11.  Mala             | General waste
12.  Mutra            | Urine
13.  Purisha          | Stool
14.  Sweda            | Sweat

OTHER FUNDAMENTALS:
15.  Agni             | Digestive fire
16.  Ama              | Metabolic toxins
17.  Ojas             | Vital essence / Immunity
18.  Srotha           | Channels of circulation
19.  Prakriti          | Constitutional type

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C2. SHAD RASA - SIX TASTES (Sinhala / Sanskrit parallels)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20.  Madhura (mee rasa)    | Sweet       | Earth + Water
21.  Ambul (amla rasa)     | Sour        | Earth + Fire
22.  Lavanu (lavana rasa)  | Salty        | Water + Fire
23.  Kathu (katu rasa)     | Pungent     | Fire + Air
24.  Thitha (tikta rasa)   | Bitter      | Air + Space
25.  Kasaya (kashaya rasa) | Astringent  | Air + Earth

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C3. GUNA - TWENTY QUALITIES (Paired Opposites)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26.  Guru              | Heavy
27.  Laghu             | Light
28.  Manda             | Slow / Dull
29.  Tikshna           | Sharp / Penetrating
30.  Sheeta            | Cold
31.  Ushna             | Hot
32.  Snigdha           | Oily / Unctuous
33.  Ruksha            | Dry
34.  Sthira            | Stable
35.  Chala / Sara      | Mobile
36.  Mridu             | Soft
37.  Kathina           | Hard
38.  Sandra            | Dense
39.  Drava             | Liquid
40.  Vishada           | Clear
41.  Picchila          | Slimy / Cloudy
42.  Slakshna          | Smooth
43.  Khara             | Rough
44.  Sukshma           | Subtle
45.  Sthula            | Gross

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C4. VEERYA (Potency) AND VIPAKA (Post-digestive effect)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
46.  Ushna veerya     | Heating potency
47.  Sheeta veerya    | Cooling potency
48.  Madhura vipaka   | Sweet post-digestive
49.  Amla vipaka      | Sour post-digestive
50.  Katu vipaka      | Pungent post-digestive
51.  Prabhava         | Unique / unexplainable action

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C5. DRUG CLASSIFICATION - HEATING vs COOLING
    (Sri Lankan Traditional Classification)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEATING HERBS (Ushna):
52.  Inguru           | Ginger
53.  Gammiris         | Black pepper
54.  Thippili         | Long pepper
55.  Aralu            | Chebulic myrobalan
56.  Kurundu          | Cinnamon
57.  Suduru           | Cumin
58.  Karabu nati      | Cloves
59.  Aswagandha       | Winter cherry
60.  Ulu hal          | Fenugreek

COOLING HERBS (Sheeta):
61.  Nelli            | Indian gooseberry
62.  Gotukola         | Gotu kola
63.  Iramusu          | Indian sarsaparilla
64.  Ranawara         | Avaram senna
65.  Sewendara        | Vetiver
66.  Komarika         | Aloe vera
67.  Siyambala        | Tamarind
68.  Karawila         | Bitter gourd
69.  Welpenela        | Balloon vine
70.  Polpala          | Mountain knotgrass

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C6. DOSAGE FORMS (Bhaishajya Kalpana) - Sinhala/Ayurvedic Terms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
71.  Peyawa (Kashaya / Kwatha)   | Decoction        | Herbs boiled in water
72.  Choornaya (Churna)          | Powder            | Dried ground herbs
73.  Kalka                        | Paste             | Fresh-ground wet paste
74.  Guliya (Vati / Gutika)      | Pill / Tablet     | Powders bound with honey
75.  Modakaya                     | Bolus / Large pill| Emetic or therapeutic
76.  Arishta (Arishtaya)         | Fermented decoction| 30-90 day fermentation
77.  Asava (Asawaya)             | Fermented infusion | Fresh juice fermented
78.  Thailaya (Taila)            | Medicated oil     | Oil cooked with herbs
79.  Ghritaya (Ghrita)           | Medicated ghee    | Ghee cooked with herbs
80.  Lehaya (Avaleha/Rasayana)   | Electuary/Jam     | Semi-solid sweet preserve
81.  Valuva                       | Medicated enema   | Sri Lankan term for basti
82.  Patthu                       | Poultice/Bandage  | External application
83.  Lepa                         | Herbal paste (ext.)| Skin application
84.  Nasya                        | Nasal drops       | Nasal administration
85.  Dhuma                        | Fumigation/Smoke  | Inhalation therapy
86.  Swarasa                      | Expressed juice   | Fresh plant juice
87.  Hima (Sheeta Kashaya)       | Cold infusion     | Cold water extraction
88.  Phanta                       | Hot infusion      | Hot water infusion
89.  Ksheera paka                | Milk decoction    | Herbs cooked in milk

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C7. PANCHAKARMA - FIVE CLEANSING PROCEDURES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
90.  Vamana           | Therapeutic vomiting
91.  Virechana        | Purgation
92.  Basti (Valuva)   | Medicated enema
93.  Nasya            | Nasal cleansing
94.  Raktamokshana    | Bloodletting

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C8. TRADITIONAL SINHALA MEDICAL VOCABULARY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95.  Vedakama         | Traditional medicine practice
96.  Hela vedakama    | Sri Lankan indigenous medicine
97.  Deshiya chikitsa | Indigenous country medicine
98.  Beheth           | Medicine / Drug
99.  Osuhala          | Pharmacy / Dispensary
100. Wedahatuwa       | Prescription / Formula
101. Wedamahaththaya  | Traditional physician
102. Siddha           | Perfected medicine system (Tamil origin)
103. Ayurveda         | Science of life
104. Dravya           | Substance / Drug material
105. Dravyaguna       | Drug properties science
106. Bhaishajya kalpana| Pharmaceutical science
107. Roga             | Disease
108. Chikitsa         | Treatment
109. Arogya           | Health / Well-being

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C9. PLANT PART TERMINOLOGY (Sinhala / Sanskrit-Sinhala usage)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
110. Patra / Kola     | Leaf
111. Pushpa / Mal     | Flower
112. Phala / Gedi     | Fruit
113. Mula / Mula      | Root
114. Tvak / Potta     | Bark
115. Kanda / Kanda    | Stem
116. Sara             | Heartwood
117. Bija / Ata       | Seed
118. Niryasa          | Exudate / Resin
119. Ksheera / Kiri   | Latex / Milk sap

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C10. DIETARY PREPARATION TERMINOLOGY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
120. Manda            | Thin rice gruel (watery)
121. Peya / Peyawa    | Thick rice gruel / decoction
122. Vilepi           | Very thick congee
123. Odana            | Cooked rice
124. Yusha            | Herbal soup
125. Kola kanda       | Herbal green porridge
126. Hakuru           | Jaggery / Palm sugar
127. Pani             | Treacle / Syrup
128. Mee pani         | Honey


================================================================================
PART D: MEDIEVAL / ELU (PRE-COLONIAL) SINHALA MEDICAL VOCABULARY
================================================================================

Elu (also Hela, Elu Prakrit) represents the older stratum of Sinhala
vocabulary dating from 3rd century BCE through Medieval Sinhala (8th-13th
century CE). Many plant names and medical terms in current Sinhala preserve
this ancient layer:

1.  "Aralu" - from Elu/Pali "harithaka" -> Sinhala aralu
2.  "Bulu" - from Elu/Pali "vibhithaka" -> Sinhala bulu
3.  "Nelli" - from Elu/Pali "amalaka" -> Sinhala nelli
4.  "Belimal" - from Elu "bilva" -> Sinhala beli/belimal
5.  "Kohomba" - from Elu "nimba" -> Sinhala kohomba
6.  "Inguru" - from Pali "singivera" -> Sinhala inguru
7.  "Kaha" - from Elu/Pali "haridra" -> Sinhala kaha
8.  "Bulath" - from Elu "tambula" -> Sinhala bulath
9.  "Puwak" - from Elu "pugaphala" -> Sinhala puwak
10. "Gotukola" - from Elu "manduka-parni" -> Sinhala gotukola
11. "Venivel" - from Elu "daruharidra" -> Sinhala venivel/weniwelgeta

The Deshiya Chikitsa system preserves many terms not found in Sanskrit
Ayurveda, representing genuinely indigenous Sinhala medical knowledge
predating Indian Ayurvedic influence.


================================================================================
PART E: KEY REFERENCE SOURCES
================================================================================

1.  Sri Lankan Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia - Department of Ayurveda, Ministry
    of Health, Sri Lanka

2.  Dictionary of Medicinal Plants: Scientific Names, Family and Selected
    Vernacular Names (906 plants) - BP International
    https://www.siddha.jfn.ac.lk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/
    Dictionary-of-Medicinal-Plants-64-Book-Manuscript-593-1-10-20190829.pdf

3.  MEDICINAL PLANTS (INDIGENOUS AND EXOTIC) USED IN CEYLON
    D.M.A. Jayaweera - Materia Medica
    https://www.siddha.jfn.ac.lk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/
    materiamedica3-Jeyaweera.pdf

4.  Ayurvedic Plants of Sri Lanka (Institute of Ayurveda Database)
    http://www.instituteofayurveda.org/plants/

5.  An Updated Checklist of Medicinal Plants (1,476 species)
    Ceylon Journal of Science 54(1) 2025: 65-212
    https://cjs.sljol.info/articles/8264/files/67b57daabe6c3.pdf

6.  Medicinal Plants In Sri Lanka (Nature Database, IUCN-based)
    https://www.asia-medicinalplants.info/index-sinhala/

7.  Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D.)
    University of Melbourne - Sinhalese Index
    https://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Sinhalese_index.html

8.  Sinhala Plant-names <-> Botany Plant Names (dh-web.org)
    https://dh-web.org/place.names/sinhala2bot.html
    https://dh-web.org/place.names/bot2sinhala.html

9.  Sri Lanka Ayurvedic Drugs Corporation - Product List
    https://sladc.lk/en/product-list/

10. Napagoda et al. (2018) - Anti-Inflammatory Remedies, Gampaha District
    PMC6008615

11. Napagoda et al. (2019) - Traditional Uses, Polonnaruwa District
    PMC6558606

12. Siriwardana et al. (2019) - Cancer Traditional Medicine Formulae
    PMC6488922

13. Gunathilaka et al. (2021) - Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants
    PMC7886531

14. Gamage et al. (2021) - Cosmetic Treatments Ethnopharmacological Survey
    PMC8257331

15. Gunawardana et al. (2019) - Herbal Flowers of Sri Lanka
    PMC6556806

16. Abeysekera et al. (2014) - Classification of Sri Lankan Herbs:
    Heating/Cooling Antioxidant Comparison - PMC4142458

17. Paspanguwa Herbal Formula - Critical Review
    Juniper Publishers JCMAH.MS.ID.555609

18. Dilmah Conservation Arboretum - Trees in Sri Lanka
    https://www.dilmahconservation.org/arboretum/plants-and-trees.html

19. Lakpura Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia
    https://lakpura.com/pages/ayurvedic-pharmacopoeia

20. A Glossary of Sinhala and Tamil Names of the Plants of Sri Lanka
    (Published book reference)


================================================================================
END OF COMPILATION
Total: 212+ plant names, 128+ pharmaceutical/medical terms
================================================================================
