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SINHALA / ELU PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS FROM CLASSICAL AYURVEDIC TEXTS
Compiled from Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya
(Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine Context)
================================================================================

Sources:
- PMC6558606: Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants in Polonnaruwa District, Sri Lanka
- PMC6008615: Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants, Gampaha District, Sri Lanka
- PMC7886531: Antidiabetic Activity of Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka
- PMC6556806: Medicinally Important Herbal Flowers in Sri Lanka
- PMC6488922: Medicinal Plants Used Against Cancer in Sri Lanka
- Institute of Ayurveda Sri Lanka (instituteofayurveda.org)
- Dictionary of Medicinal Plants (siddha.jfn.ac.lk)
- Multilingual Plant Name Database (plantnames.unimelb.edu.au)
- Sri Lanka Ayurvedic Drugs Corporation (sladc.lk)
- Wikipedia: Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine
- Buddhadasa R., Sinhala Translation of Sushruta Samhita (2007)

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CATEGORY 1: PLANT / HERB NAMES (130+ entries)
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Romanized Sinhala          | English / Common Name           | Botanical Name                        | Source
---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--------

1.  aralu                  | chebulic myrobalan             | Terminalia chebula                    | Charaka/Sushruta (Triphala)
2.  bulu                   | beleric myrobalan              | Terminalia bellirica                  | Charaka/Sushruta (Triphala)
3.  nelli                  | Indian gooseberry / amla       | Phyllanthus emblica                   | Charaka/Sushruta (Triphala)
4.  gotukola               | pennywort / gotu kola          | Centella asiatica                     | Charaka (Medhya Rasayana)
5.  koththamalli            | coriander                      | Coriandrum sativum                    | Charaka Samhita
6.  kohomba                | neem                           | Azadirachta indica                    | Charaka/Sushruta
7.  inguru                 | ginger                         | Zingiber officinale                   | Charaka (Trikatu)
8.  kaha                   | turmeric                       | Curcuma longa                         | Charaka/Sushruta
9.  gammiris               | black pepper                   | Piper nigrum                          | Charaka (Trikatu)
10. thippili                | long pepper                    | Piper longum                          | Charaka (Trikatu)
11. bulath                  | betel leaf                     | Piper betle                           | Sushruta Samhita
12. beli                    | bael fruit / wood apple        | Aegle marmelos                        | Charaka/Sushruta
13. iramusu                 | Indian sarsaparilla            | Hemidesmus indicus                    | Charaka Samhita
14. hathawariya             | wild asparagus / shatavari     | Asparagus racemosus                   | Charaka (Rasayana)
15. veniwelgata             | yellow vine / tree turmeric    | Coscinium fenestratum                 | Sri Lankan Ayurveda
16. polpala                 | mountain knotgrass             | Aerva lanata                          | Sri Lankan traditional
17. mukunuwenna             | sessile joyweed                | Alternanthera sessilis                | Sri Lankan traditional
18. karawila                | bitter gourd                   | Momordica charantia                   | Charaka/Sushruta
19. enderu                  | castor                         | Ricinus communis                      | Charaka/Sushruta
20. komarika                | aloe vera                      | Aloe vera                             | Sushruta Samhita
21. ranawara                | tanners cassia                 | Cassia auriculata                     | Sri Lankan Ayurveda
22. wadakaha                | sweet flag / calamus           | Acorus calamus                        | Charaka (Medhya)
23. nika                    | five-leaved chaste tree        | Vitex negundo                         | Sushruta Samhita
24. kohila                  | lasia                          | Lasia spinosa                         | Sri Lankan traditional
25. kurumba                 | coconut (tender)               | Cocos nucifera                        | Sushruta Samhita
26. adhatoda                | Malabar nut                    | Adhatoda vasica                       | Charaka/Sushruta
27. neermulli               | long-leaved barleria           | Hygrophila auriculata                 | Sushruta Samhita
28. sudulunu                | garlic                         | Allium sativum                        | Charaka/Sushruta
29. asamodagam              | bishop's weed / ajwain         | Trachyspermum roxburghianum           | Charaka Samhita
30. amberella               | ambarella / hog plum           | Spondias dulcis                       | Sri Lankan traditional
31. katu nerinchi            | star burr                      | Acanthospermum hispidum               | Sri Lankan traditional
32. keekirindiya            | false daisy / bhringaraj       | Eclipta prostrata                     | Charaka Samhita
33. wela                    | spider flower                  | Cleome gynandra                       | Sri Lankan traditional
34. lunuwarana              | sacred garlic pear             | Crateva adansonii                     | Sushruta Samhita
35. panakka                 | Ceylon olive                   | Pleurostylia opposita                 | Sri Lankan traditional
36. thebu                   | spiral ginger / crepe ginger   | Costus speciosus                      | Charaka Samhita
37. akkapana                | life plant                     | Kalanchoe laciniata                   | Sri Lankan traditional
38. kowakka                 | ivy gourd / scarlet gourd      | Coccinia grandis                      | Charaka Samhita
39. veralu                  | Ceylon olive                   | Elaeocarpus serratus                  | Sri Lankan traditional
40. maila                   | mountain ebony                 | Bauhinia racemosa                     | Sri Lankan traditional
41. kathurumurunga          | agathi / vegetable hummingbird | Sesbania grandiflora                  | Ashtanga Hridaya
42. siyabala                | tamarind                       | Tamarindus indica                     | Charaka/Sushruta
43. kothala himbutu         | Salacia                        | Salacia reticulata                    | Sri Lankan Ayurveda
44. gata thumba             | dronapushpi                    | Leucas zeylanica                      | Charaka Samhita
45. ingini                  | clearing nut                   | Strychnos potatorum                   | Charaka Samhita
46. delum                   | pomegranate                    | Punica granatum                       | Charaka/Sushruta
47. babila                  | common wireweed                | Sida acuta                            | Sri Lankan traditional
48. rasakida                | guduchi / heart-leaved moonseed| Tinospora cordifolia                  | Charaka (Rasayana)
49. attikka                 | cluster fig                    | Ficus racemosa                        | Charaka/Sushruta
50. kos                     | jackfruit                      | Artocarpus heterophyllus              | Sri Lankan traditional
51. murunga                 | drumstick / moringa            | Moringa oleifera                      | Charaka Samhita
52. sadikka                 | nutmeg                         | Myristica fragrans                    | Ashtanga Hridaya
53. belatana                | goosegrass                     | Eleusine indica                       | Sri Lankan traditional
54. kopi                    | coffee                         | Coffea arabica                        | Sri Lankan traditional
55. rathmal                 | jungle geranium / ixora        | Ixora coccinea                        | Sri Lankan traditional
56. embul dodam             | Seville orange / bitter orange | Citrus aurantium                      | Charaka Samhita
57. dehi                    | lime                           | Citrus aurantifolia                   | Charaka/Sushruta
58. karapincha              | curry leaves                   | Murraya koenigii                      | Ashtanga Hridaya
59. sudu handun             | sandalwood (white)             | Santalum album                        | Charaka/Sushruta
60. mee                     | Indian butter tree / mahua     | Madhuca longifolia                    | Charaka Samhita
61. wal koththamalli        | licorice weed / scoparia       | Scoparia dulcis                       | Sri Lankan traditional
62. katuwelbatu             | yellow-berried nightshade      | Solanum xanthocarpum                  | Charaka (Kantakari)
63. ela batu                | Indian nightshade              | Solanum surattense                    | Charaka (Brihati)
64. gandapana               | lantana                        | Lantana camara                        | Sri Lankan traditional
65. araththa                | greater galangal               | Alpinia galanga                       | Ashtanga Hridaya
66. haran kaha              | white turmeric / zedoary       | Curcuma zedoaria                      | Charaka Samhita
67. dummella                | snake gourd                    | Trichosanthes cucumerina              | Charaka Samhita
68. masbedda / kuringnan    | Ceylon cow plant               | Gymnema lactiferum                    | Sri Lankan Ayurveda
69. madan                   | Malabar plum / jamun           | Syzygium cumini                       | Charaka Samhita
70. kankun                  | water spinach / kangkong       | Ipomoea aquatica                      | Sri Lankan traditional
71. kara                    | wild canthium                  | Canthium coromandelicum               | Sri Lankan traditional
72. heen araththa           | snap ginger                    | Alpinia calcarata                     | Sri Lankan Ayurveda
73. kurundu                 | cinnamon                       | Cinnamomum zeylanicum                 | Ashtanga Hridaya
74. emberella               | wild mango / Indian hog plum   | Spondias pinnata                      | Sri Lankan traditional
75. eth demata              | beechwood / gambhari           | Gmelina arborea                       | Charaka (Dashamula)
76. madatiya                | red sandalwood tree            | Adenanthera pavonina                  | Sri Lankan traditional
77. heen bovitiya           | osbeckia                       | Osbeckia octandra                     | Sri Lankan endemic
78. anoda                   | country mallow                 | Abutilon indicum                      | Charaka Samhita
79. pawatta                 | Malabar nut                    | Adhatoda vasica                       | Charaka/Sushruta
80. kankumbala              | blood flower                   | Asclepias curassavica                 | Sri Lankan traditional
81. koboleela               | orchid tree                    | Bauhinia variegata                    | Charaka Samhita
82. kela                    | flame of the forest            | Butea monosperma                      | Charaka/Sushruta
83. pita sudu sarana        | spreading hogweed              | Boerhaavia diffusa                    | Charaka (Punarnava)
84. imbul / pulung          | silk cotton tree               | Ceiba pentandra                       | Sri Lankan traditional
85. kapuru                  | camphor / chrysanthemum        | Cinnamomum camphora                   | Sushruta Samhita
86. kinihiriya              | golden silk cotton             | Cochlospermum gossypium               | Charaka Samhita
87. sera                    | lemon grass                    | Cymbopogon jwarancusa                 | Sri Lankan traditional
88. kikirindi               | false daisy                    | Eclipta prostrata                     | Charaka (Bhringaraja)
89. wadamal / sapaththumal  | shoe flower / hibiscus         | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis                | Sushruta Samhita
90. beli patta              | sea hibiscus                   | Hibiscus tiliaceus                    | Sri Lankan traditional
91. ruk                     | wild nutmeg                    | Horsfieldia iryaghedhi                | Sri Lankan traditional
92. kuudalu                 | garden balsam / jewel weed     | Impatiens balsamina                   | Sushruta Samhita
93. kangkong                | water spinach                  | Ipomoea aquatica                      | Sri Lankan traditional
94. maha ratambala          | torch tree                     | Ixora parviflora                      | Sri Lankan traditional
95. marithondii             | henna                          | Lawsonia alba                         | Sushruta Samhita
96. na                      | ironwood / Mesua               | Mesua ferrea                          | Charaka/Sushruta
97. madana kama             | banana shrub                   | Magnolia fuscata                      | Sri Lankan traditional
98. mahanimba               | bead tree / Indian lilac       | Melia azedarach                       | Charaka Samhita
99. nelum                   | sacred lotus                   | Nelumbo nucifera                      | Charaka/Sushruta
100. kaneru                 | oleander                       | Nerium oleander                       | Sushruta Samhita
101. nil manel              | water lily                     | Nymphaea stellata                     | Sri Lankan traditional
102. asoka                  | Ashoka tree                    | Saraca indica                         | Charaka/Sushruta
103. bevila                 | wire weed                      | Sida veronicaefolia                   | Sri Lankan traditional
104. mudamahana             | globe thistle / East Indian    | Sphaeranthus indicus                  | Charaka Samhita
105. akmella                | toothache plant                | Spilanthes acmella                    | Sri Lankan traditional
106. palol                  | trumpet flower tree            | Stereospermum suaveolens              | Charaka (Dashamula)
107. karabu neti            | clove                          | Syzygium aromaticum                   | Ashtanga Hridaya
108. wathu sudda            | crepe jasmine / pinwheel       | Tabernaemontana divaricata            | Sushruta Samhita
109. monarakudumbiya        | ash-coloured fleabane          | Vernonia cinerea                      | Sri Lankan traditional
110. sudu idda / wal idda   | arctic snow / white wrightia   | Wrightia antidysenterica              | Charaka/Sushruta
111. militta                | fire-flame bush                | Woodfordia floribunda                 | Charaka Samhita
112. wara                   | crown flower / giant milkweed  | Calotropis gigantea                   | Charaka/Sushruta
113. thotila                | broken bones plant             | Oroxylum indicum                      | Charaka (Dashamula)
114. domba                  | Indian laurel / Alexandrian    | Calophyllum inophyllum                | Sushruta Samhita
115. kaladuru               | nut grass / purple nut sedge   | Cyperus rotundus                      | Charaka (Musta)
116. welmi                  | liquorice                      | Glycyrrhiza glabra                    | Charaka (Yashtimadhu)
117. rath handun            | red sandalwood                 | Pterocarpus santalinus                | Charaka/Sushruta
118. undupiyali             | three-flower tick trefoil      | Desmodium triflorum                   | Sri Lankan traditional
119. uluhal                 | fenugreek                      | Trigonella foenum-graecum             | Charaka Samhita
120. iriweriya              | Plectranthus                   | Plectranthus zeylanicus               | Sri Lankan endemic
121. bomi                   | Indian laurel / bollygum       | Litsea glutinosa                      | Sri Lankan traditional
122. pathpadagam            | Mollugo                        | Mollugo cerviana                      | Sri Lankan traditional
123. wel penela             | balloon vine / heart seed      | Cardiospermum halicacabum             | Sushruta Samhita
124. yakinarang             | Ceylon wild orange              | Atalantia ceylanica                   | Sri Lankan endemic
125. wel thiththabatu       | climbing nightshade            | Solanum trilobatum                    | Sri Lankan traditional
126. vishnukranthi          | dwarf morning glory            | Evolvulus alsinoides                  | Charaka (Medhya)
127. bin kohomba            | small munronia                 | Munronia pinnata                      | Sri Lankan endemic
128. karawila               | bitter gourd                   | Momordica charantia                   | Charaka Samhita
129. welpenela              | balloon vine                   | Cardiospermum halicacabum             | Sushruta Samhita
130. rosa                   | rose                           | Rosa damascena                        | Sushruta Samhita


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CATEGORY 2: SPICES AND CONDIMENTS (with Ayurvedic significance)
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Romanized Sinhala          | English Name                    | Botanical Name                        | Source
---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--------
1.  kurundu                | cinnamon                       | Cinnamomum zeylanicum                 | Ashtanga Hridaya
2.  gammiris               | black pepper                   | Piper nigrum                          | Charaka (Trikatu)
3.  kaha                   | turmeric                       | Curcuma longa                         | Charaka/Sushruta
4.  enasal                 | cardamom                       | Elettaria cardamomum                  | Ashtanga Hridaya
5.  suduru                 | cumin                          | Cuminum cyminum                       | Charaka Samhita
6.  kottamalli              | coriander seeds                | Coriandrum sativum                    | Charaka Samhita
7.  sadikka                | nutmeg                         | Myristica fragrans                    | Ashtanga Hridaya
8.  karabu neti            | clove                          | Syzygium aromaticum                   | Ashtanga Hridaya
9.  uluhal                 | fenugreek                      | Trigonella foenum-graecum             | Charaka Samhita
10. miris                  | chili                          | Capsicum annuum                       | Sri Lankan traditional
11. dawul kurundu           | bay leaves (cassia leaf)       | Cinnamomum tamala                     | Ashtanga Hridaya
12. siyabala               | tamarind                       | Tamarindus indica                     | Charaka/Sushruta
13. goraka                 | Garcinia / Malabar tamarind    | Garcinia cambogia                     | Sri Lankan traditional
14. inguru                 | ginger                         | Zingiber officinale                   | Charaka (Trikatu)
15. thippili                | long pepper                    | Piper longum                          | Charaka (Trikatu)
16. asamodagam             | bishop's weed / ajwain         | Trachyspermum roxburghianum           | Charaka Samhita
17. sera                   | lemongrass                     | Cymbopogon citratus                   | Sri Lankan traditional
18. karapincha             | curry leaf                     | Murraya koenigii                      | Ashtanga Hridaya
19. rampe                  | pandan / screwpine leaf        | Pandanus amaryllifolius                | Sri Lankan traditional
20. wasawasi               | mace (nutmeg aril)             | Myristica fragrans (aril)             | Ashtanga Hridaya


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CATEGORY 3: CLASSICAL AYURVEDIC FORMULATION GROUPS (Sinhala equivalents)
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Romanized Sinhala          | Sanskrit Name     | English Description                      | Source
---------------------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------|--------
1.  thriphala              | Triphala          | Three fruits: aralu + bulu + nelli       | Charaka Samhita
2.  thrikatu               | Trikatu           | Three pungents: inguru + gammiris + thippili | Charaka Samhita
3.  dashamula              | Dashamula         | Ten roots formula                        | Charaka/Sushruta
4.  panchakola             | Panchakola        | Five spices formula                      | Charaka Samhita
5.  chathurjatha           | Chaturjata        | Four aromatics (enasal, kurundu, thejapathri, karabu neti) | Ashtanga Hridaya


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CATEGORY 4: PREPARATION VERBS / PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIONS
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Romanized Sinhala          | English Meaning                 | Pharmaceutical Context                | Source
---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--------
1.  thanawa / thambanawaaa  | to boil                        | Making kasaya (decoction)             | Sinhala Ayurveda
2.  pisinawa               | to boil (cook)                 | General cooking / boiling             | Sinhala Ayurveda
3.  aburanawa              | to grind / pound               | Making kalka (paste)                  | Sinhala Ayurveda
4.  gadanawa               | to grind / pulverize           | Making churna (powder)                | Sinhala Ayurveda
5.  peranawa               | to strain / filter             | Filtering kasaya / decoctions         | Sinhala Ayurveda
6.  misra karanawa         | to mix / combine               | Combining ingredients                 | Sinhala Ayurveda
7.  kapanawa               | to cut / chop                  | Preparing raw materials               | Sinhala Ayurveda
8.  sunanawa               | to dry / desiccate             | Drying herbs                          | Sinhala Ayurveda
9.  puwanawa               | to soak / macerate             | Soaking ingredients                   | Sinhala Ayurveda
10. galanawa               | to pour / decant               | Transferring liquids                  | Sinhala Ayurveda
11. ridanawa / idanawa     | to cook (general)              | General preparation                   | Sinhala Ayurveda
12. madanawa               | to knead / make into paste     | Lepa (paste) preparation              | Sinhala Ayurveda
13. diya karanawa          | to dissolve / make liquid      | Dissolving preparations               | Sinhala Ayurveda
14. usanawa                | to heat / warm                 | Warming preparations                  | Sinhala Ayurveda
15. thel gahanawa          | to apply oil / anoint          | Oil application (abhyanga)            | Sushruta Samhita
16. bonawa                 | to drink                       | Taking liquid medicines               | Sinhala Ayurveda
17. kanawa                 | to eat                         | Taking solid medicines                | Sinhala Ayurveda
18. gilanawa               | to swallow                     | Taking pills/tablets                  | Sinhala Ayurveda
19. galanawa               | to smear / rub                 | External application                  | Sinhala Ayurveda
20. hadanawa               | to make / prepare              | General preparation                   | Sinhala Ayurveda
21. pisidanawa             | to crush / pound lightly       | Bruising herbs                        | Sinhala Ayurveda
22. amba gahanawa           | to apply / plaster             | Applying poultice (lepa)              | Sushruta Samhita
23. dumanawa               | to fumigate / smoke            | Dhumapana (fumigation)                | Charaka Samhita
24. nasaya karanawa        | to administer nasally          | Nasya karma                           | Charaka/Sushruta
25. ussanawa               | to distill / extract           | Arka (distillation)                   | Ashtanga Hridaya


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CATEGORY 5: BODY PARTS (ANATOMICAL TERMS)
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Romanized Sinhala          | English Meaning                 | Ayurvedic Context                     | Source
---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--------
1.  oluwa                  | head                           | Shiras                                | Sushruta Samhita
2.  nahaya                 | nose                           | Nasa (nasya therapy)                  | Charaka/Sushruta
3.  aeha / asa             | eye                            | Netra (netra chikitsa)                | Sushruta Samhita
4.  kana                   | ear                            | Karna (karna poorana)                 | Sushruta Samhita
5.  kata                   | mouth                          | Mukha                                 | Charaka Samhita
6.  diva                   | tongue                         | Jihva (diagnosis)                     | Charaka Samhita
7.  dath                   | teeth                          | Danta                                 | Sushruta Samhita
8.  bella                  | neck                           | Griva / Kantha                        | Sushruta Samhita
9.  urahisa                | shoulder                       | Amsa / Skandha                        | Sushruta Samhita
10. papuwa                 | chest / thorax                 | Uras / Vaksha                         | Charaka Samhita
11. atha                   | hand                           | Hasta                                 | Sushruta Samhita
12. angilla                | finger                         | Anguli                                | Sushruta Samhita
13. bada                   | abdomen / belly                | Udara / Koshtha                       | Charaka Samhita
14. pita                   | back                           | Prushtha                              | Sushruta Samhita
15. kakula                 | leg / foot                     | Pada / Jangha                         | Sushruta Samhita
16. dahasa                 | knee                           | Janu                                  | Sushruta Samhita
17. hadawatha              | heart                          | Hridaya                               | Charaka/Sushruta
18. penahalu               | lungs                          | Phupphusa                             | Charaka Samhita
19. akmawa                 | liver                          | Yakrit                                | Charaka/Sushruta
20. vakugadu               | kidneys                        | Vrikka                                | Sushruta Samhita
21. hama                   | skin                           | Twak / Charma                         | Charaka/Sushruta
22. le                     | blood                          | Rakta                                 | Charaka/Sushruta
23. ata                    | bone                           | Asthi                                 | Sushruta Samhita
24. mas                    | flesh / muscle                 | Mamsa                                 | Charaka/Sushruta
25. narahara               | nerve / tendon                 | Snayu / Nadi                          | Sushruta Samhita
26. muhuna                 | face                           | Mukha                                 | Sushruta Samhita
27. nalala                 | forehead                       | Lalata                                | Sushruta Samhita
28. thola                  | lip                            | Oshtha                                | Sushruta Samhita
29. ugura                  | throat                         | Gala / Kantha                         | Charaka Samhita
30. maenik katuwa          | wrist                          | Manibandha                            | Sushruta Samhita
31. niyapottha             | navel / umbilicus              | Nabhi                                 | Charaka Samhita
32. kalawa                 | thigh                          | Uru                                   | Sushruta Samhita
33. badavata               | intestines / bowel             | Antra                                 | Charaka Samhita
34. pittha ashaya          | gallbladder                    | Pittashaya                            | Charaka Samhita
35. vasthiya               | bladder                        | Vasti / Basti                         | Charaka/Sushruta


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CATEGORY 6: DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
================================================================================
Romanized Sinhala          | English Meaning                 | Sanskrit Equivalent                   | Source
---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--------
1.  unna / una             | fever                          | Jwara                                 | Charaka Samhita
2.  kassa / kasaya         | cough                          | Kasa                                  | Charaka Samhita
3.  asthma / aasmaa        | asthma / breathing difficulty  | Shwasa                                | Charaka Samhita
4.  peenasa                | rhinitis / sinusitis / cold    | Peenasa / Pratishyaya                 | Charaka Samhita
5.  madhumeha              | diabetes                       | Madhumeha / Prameha                   | Charaka/Sushruta
6.  athisaraya             | diarrhea                       | Atisara                               | Charaka Samhita
7.  aruci                  | loss of appetite               | Aruchi                                | Charaka Samhita
8.  amashaya roga          | stomach diseases               | Amashaya Roga                         | Charaka Samhita
9.  vatha roga             | rheumatic / joint diseases     | Vata Vyadhi                           | Charaka/Sushruta
10. pilika                 | tumor / abscess                | Arbuda / Granthi                      | Sushruta Samhita
11. kushta roga            | skin disease / leprosy         | Kushtha                               | Charaka/Sushruta
12. pandu roga             | anemia / pallor                | Pandu                                 | Charaka Samhita
13. arsha / mulvyadi       | hemorrhoids / piles            | Arsha                                 | Charaka/Sushruta
14. gulma                  | abdominal lump / cyst          | Gulma                                 | Charaka Samhita
15. shotha / imbima        | swelling / edema               | Shotha                                | Charaka Samhita
16. vrana                  | wound / ulcer                  | Vrana                                 | Sushruta Samhita
17. shula / vedanawa       | pain / colic                   | Shula                                 | Charaka Samhita
18. shirsha shula          | headache                       | Shirahshula                           | Charaka Samhita
19. netra roga             | eye disease                    | Netra Roga                            | Sushruta Samhita
20. karna roga             | ear disease                    | Karna Roga                            | Sushruta Samhita
21. dantha roga            | dental disease                 | Danta Roga                            | Sushruta Samhita
22. visa / visha           | poisoning                      | Visha                                 | Charaka/Sushruta
23. gridhrasi              | sciatica                       | Gridhrasi                             | Charaka Samhita
24. sandhigatha vatha      | arthritis / gout               | Sandhigata Vata                       | Charaka Samhita
25. yakrit roga            | liver disease                  | Yakrit Roga                           | Charaka Samhita
26. vrikka roga            | kidney disease                 | Vrikka Roga                           | Charaka/Sushruta
27. ashmari                | urinary calculi / stones       | Ashmari                               | Sushruta Samhita
28. mutra krichra          | urinary difficulty             | Mutra Krichra                         | Charaka Samhita
29. rakthapitta            | bleeding disorders             | Raktapitta                            | Charaka/Sushruta
30. unmada                 | insanity / mental illness      | Unmada                                | Charaka Samhita
31. apasmara               | epilepsy                       | Apasmara                              | Charaka Samhita
32. bandha / mala bandha   | constipation                   | Vibandha                              | Charaka Samhita
33. amavatha               | rheumatoid arthritis           | Amavata                               | Charaka Samhita
34. udara roga             | abdominal disease / ascites    | Udara Roga                            | Charaka/Sushruta
35. sweda roga             | diseases from perspiration     | Sweda Roga                            | Charaka Samhita


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CATEGORY 7: DOSAGE FORMS AND PREPARATIONS
================================================================================
Romanized Sinhala          | English Meaning                 | Sanskrit Equivalent                   | Source
---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--------
1.  kasaya / kwathaya      | decoction                      | Kashaya / Kwatha                      | Charaka/Sushruta
2.  churna / surnaya       | powder                         | Churna                                | Charaka/Sushruta
3.  guliya / peththa       | pill / tablet                  | Gutika / Vati                         | Charaka Samhita
4.  kalka                  | paste (wet-ground)             | Kalka                                 | Charaka/Sushruta
5.  thailaya               | medicated oil                  | Taila                                 | Charaka/Sushruta
6.  ghrithaya              | medicated ghee                 | Ghrita                                | Charaka/Sushruta
7.  arishta                | fermented decoction            | Arishta                               | Charaka Samhita
8.  asawa                  | fermented infusion             | Asava                                 | Charaka Samhita
9.  lehaya / rasayanaya    | confection / electuary         | Leha / Avaleha                        | Charaka Samhita
10. swarasa                | fresh juice (expressed)        | Swarasa                               | Charaka Samhita
11. hima / sheethaya       | cold infusion                  | Hima / Sheeta                         | Charaka Samhita
12. phanta                 | hot infusion                   | Phanta                                | Charaka Samhita
13. bhasmaya               | calcined ash / metallic prep   | Bhasma                                | Sushruta Samhita
14. pisti                  | fine gem/mineral preparation   | Pishti                                | Ashtanga Hridaya
15. lepaya                 | poultice / plaster             | Lepa                                  | Sushruta Samhita
16. nasya / nasyaya        | nasal drops / insufflation     | Nasya                                 | Charaka/Sushruta
17. arka / arkkaya         | distillate                     | Arka                                  | Ashtanga Hridaya
18. kola kenda             | herbal gruel / congee          | (Indigenous Sri Lankan form)          | Sri Lankan Ayurveda
19. beheth oruwa           | medicinal trough (immersion)   | (Indigenous Sri Lankan form)          | Sri Lankan traditional
20. pana / panaya          | herbal drink / infusion        | Panaka                                | Charaka Samhita
21. modaka                 | sweetmeat preparation          | Modaka                                | Charaka Samhita
22. varti / varthiya       | suppository / wick             | Varti                                 | Sushruta Samhita
23. anjana                 | collyrium / eye preparation    | Anjana                                | Sushruta Samhita
24. dhumaya                | fumigation / smoking prep      | Dhuma                                 | Charaka Samhita
25. rasa kriya             | concentrated extract           | Rasa Kriya                            | Charaka Samhita


================================================================================
CATEGORY 8: INGREDIENTS - MINERALS, METALS, AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS
================================================================================
Romanized Sinhala          | English Meaning                 | Sanskrit Equivalent                   | Source
---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--------

--- Minerals and Metals ---
1.  loha                   | iron                           | Loha                                  | Charaka/Sushruta
2.  rasa / paradura        | mercury                        | Parada / Rasa                         | Sushruta Samhita
3.  gandhaka               | sulphur                        | Gandhaka                              | Sushruta Samhita
4.  abhrakaya              | ite / talc                     | Abhraka                               | Charaka Samhita
5.  svarnamalya             | gold                           | Swarna                                | Charaka Samhita
6.  rajatha                | silver                         | Rajata                                | Charaka Samhita
7.  thamba                 | copper                         | Tamra                                 | Sushruta Samhita
8.  vanga                  | tin                            | Vanga                                 | Ashtanga Hridaya
9.  naga                   | lead                           | Naga                                  | Ashtanga Hridaya
10. hiriya / yashada       | zinc                           | Yashada                               | Ashtanga Hridaya
11. shilajathu             | mineral pitch / shilajit       | Shilajatu                             | Charaka (Rasayana)
12. makulu                 | calcium (from shells/lime)     | Shankha / Mukta                       | Charaka Samhita
13. gal                    | stone (general)                | Pashana                               | Sushruta Samhita
14. salu / lavanaya        | salt (various types)           | Lavana                                | Charaka Samhita
15. hunu                   | calcium oxide / quicklime      | Churnaka / Sudha                      | Sushruta Samhita

--- Animal Products ---
16. mee peni               | honey / bee honey              | Madhu                                 | Charaka/Sushruta
17. ghee / ghi             | clarified butter               | Ghrita                                | Charaka/Sushruta
18. kiri                   | milk (cow)                     | Kshira / Dugdha                       | Charaka/Sushruta
19. dahi / mosam           | curd / yogurt                  | Dadhi                                 | Charaka Samhita
20. thakra                 | buttermilk                     | Takra                                 | Charaka Samhita
21. mee ata / mee mama     | beeswax                        | Madhuchishtha / Siktha                | Sushruta Samhita
22. go mutra               | cow urine                      | Go Mutra                              | Charaka Samhita
23. gilanpasa              | animal bile                    | Pitta                                 | Sushruta Samhita
24. muththu                | pearl                          | Mukta                                 | Charaka Samhita
25. pravala                | coral                          | Pravala                               | Charaka Samhita
26. shankha                | conch shell                    | Shankha                               | Charaka Samhita
27. kaputu tel             | crocodile fat / animal fat     | Vasa / Meda                           | Sushruta Samhita


================================================================================
CATEGORY 9: GENERAL MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL VOCABULARY
================================================================================
Romanized Sinhala          | English Meaning                 | Context                               | Source
---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--------
1.  vedamahathaya          | physician / Ayurvedic doctor   | Practitioner title                    | Sri Lankan traditional
2.  wedarala               | traditional healer             | Indigenous practitioner               | Sri Lankan traditional
3.  beheth                 | medicine (general)             | General term for drugs                | Sinhala Ayurveda
4.  osuthala / osuthuw     | pharmacy / dispensary          | Place of medicine preparation         | Sinhala Ayurveda
5.  wedakama               | medical practice / healing     | Art of healing                        | Sri Lankan traditional
6.  hela wedakama          | indigenous Sri Lankan medicine | Deshiya Chikitsa equivalent           | Sri Lankan traditional
7.  ath beheth             | home/hand remedies             | Minor ailment remedies                | Sri Lankan traditional
8.  piliyam                | remedy / treatment recipe      | Traditional formulation               | Sri Lankan traditional
9.  roga                   | disease                        | General term                          | Charaka Samhita
10. leda / ledak           | illness / disease (colloquial) | Common usage                          | Sinhala
11. suwaya / suva          | health / wellness              | State of well-being                   | Sinhala
12. beheth vattoru         | materia medica / recipe list   | Medical formulary                     | Sri Lankan traditional
13. mathra / mathrava      | dose / dosage                  | Matra                                 | Charaka Samhita
14. sevaya / sevanaya      | administration / taking med.   | Sevana                                | Charaka Samhita
15. aushadha / aushadhi    | medicine (formal)              | Drug/medicament                       | Charaka/Sushruta
16. kayakalpa              | rejuvenation therapy           | Rasayana Chikitsa                     | Charaka Samhita
17. vamana                 | emetic therapy                 | Vamana (Panchakarma)                  | Charaka Samhita
18. virechana              | purgative therapy              | Virechana (Panchakarma)               | Charaka Samhita
19. vasthiya / basti       | enema therapy                  | Basti (Panchakarma)                   | Charaka/Sushruta
20. nasya                  | nasal therapy                  | Nasya (Panchakarma)                   | Charaka/Sushruta
21. rakthamoksha           | bloodletting                   | Raktamoksha (Panchakarma)             | Sushruta Samhita
22. shodhana               | purification / detox           | Shodhana                              | Charaka Samhita
23. shamana                | palliation / pacification      | Shamana                               | Charaka Samhita
24. pathya                 | dietary regime / wholesome     | Pathya                                | Charaka Samhita
25. apathya                | unwholesome / contraindicated  | Apathya                               | Charaka Samhita
26. vatha                  | wind humor                     | Vata dosha                            | Charaka Samhita
27. piththa                | bile humor                     | Pitta dosha                           | Charaka Samhita
28. sema / kapha           | phlegm humor                   | Kapha dosha                           | Charaka Samhita
29. dhathu                 | body tissue / element          | Dhatu                                 | Charaka Samhita
30. mala                   | bodily waste                   | Mala                                  | Charaka Samhita
31. agni                   | digestive fire                 | Agni                                  | Charaka Samhita
32. ama                    | undigested toxin               | Ama                                   | Charaka Samhita
33. ojas                   | vital essence / immunity       | Ojas                                  | Charaka Samhita
34. prana                  | vital breath / life force      | Prana                                 | Charaka/Sushruta
35. rasa                   | taste / body plasma            | Rasa                                  | Charaka Samhita


================================================================================
CATEGORY 10: SINHALA PLANT NAME PREFIXES (Descriptive modifiers)
================================================================================
Prefix                     | English Meaning                 | Example                               | Source
---------------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--------
1.  sudu                   | white                          | sudu handun (white sandalwood)        | Sinhala botanical
2.  rathu / rath           | red                            | rath handun (red sandalwood)          | Sinhala botanical
3.  kalu                   | black                          | kalu badulla (black nightshade)       | Sinhala botanical
4.  maha                   | great / large                  | maha ratambala (large ixora)          | Sinhala botanical
5.  heen / hin             | small / lesser                 | heen araththa (lesser galangal)       | Sinhala botanical
6.  wal                    | wild / forest                  | wal inguru (wild ginger)              | Sinhala botanical
7.  bin                    | ground / dwarf                 | bin kohomba (ground neem)             | Sinhala botanical
8.  diya                   | water / aquatic                | diya kaduru (water hemlock)           | Sinhala botanical
9.  gas                    | tree / arboreal                | gas labu (bottle gourd tree)          | Sinhala botanical
10. kiri                   | milky / milk-bearing           | kiri wel (milky vine)                 | Sinhala botanical
11. katu                   | thorny / prickly               | katu nerinchi (prickly star burr)     | Sinhala botanical
12. nil                    | blue                           | nil manel (blue water lily)           | Sinhala botanical
13. pita                   | outer / external               | pita sudu sarana (spreading hogweed)  | Sinhala botanical
14. ela                    | smooth / soft                  | ela batu (smooth nightshade)          | Sinhala botanical


================================================================================
NOTES ON SINHALA/ELU PHARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY
================================================================================

1. PROVENANCE: Many pharmaceutical terms in Sinhala Ayurveda derive from three
   linguistic layers:
   - Elu (Old Sinhala/Pali) roots: Native Sinhala terms (e.g., beheth, wedakama)
   - Sanskrit borrowings: Classical Ayurvedic terms retained or adapted (e.g., kasaya,
     churna, arishta, guliya, thailaya)
   - Hybrid terms: Sinhala prefixes + Sanskrit/Pali stems (e.g., ath beheth, kola kenda)

2. CHARAKA SAMHITA IN SINHALA: A Sinhala translation exists in the manuscript tradition
   of Sri Lanka, and plant identifications are correlated through the Bandaranayake
   Memorial Ayurvedic Research Institute (BMARI) in Nawinna, Maharagama.

3. SUSHRUTA SAMHITA IN SINHALA: Buddhadasa R. produced a notable Sinhala translation,
   3rd edition published by the Department of Educational Publication, Colombo (2007).

4. ASHTANGA HRIDAYA: This text has been studied in Sri Lankan Ayurvedic colleges
   (Government Ayurveda College, Borella) with Sinhala commentaries.

5. DESHIYA CHIKITSA: Beyond the three classical Indian texts, Sri Lanka maintains
   its own indigenous medical tradition (Deshiya Chikitsa / hela wedakama) which uses
   many of the same plants but with uniquely Sinhala nomenclature and preparation methods.

6. KEY REFERENCE TEXTS:
   - Vaidya Chintamani Bhaisajya Sangrahava (Sinhala pharmacopoeia)
   - Sinhala Yogaratnakara (Sinhala medical formulary)
   - Talpate Piliyam (traditional remedy collection)
   - Sarartha Sangrahava (Sinhala medical compendium)

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END OF COMPILATION
================================================================================
