\begin{table} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline & Model 1 & Model 2 & Model 3 & Model 4 & Model 5 & Model 6 & Model 7 & Model 8 & Model 9 & Model 10 & Model 11 & Model 12 & Model 13 & Model 14 \\ \hline (Intercept) & $-1.47$ & $-0.94$ & $-1.08$ & $-1.39$ & $-2.69^{*}$ & $-1.55$ & $-2.00$ & $-2.20$ & $-1.90$ & $-1.86$ & $-2.41$ & $-1.69$ & $-1.68$ & $-2.27$ \\ & $(1.32)$ & $(1.34)$ & $(1.34)$ & $(1.34)$ & $(1.29)$ & $(1.27)$ & $(1.24)$ & $(1.31)$ & $(1.33)$ & $(1.35)$ & $(1.35)$ & $(1.35)$ & $(1.35)$ & $(1.43)$ \\ Co-optation & $1.31^{***}$ & $1.28^{***}$ & $1.31^{***}$ & $1.33^{***}$ & $1.23^{***}$ & $1.13^{***}$ & $1.12^{***}$ & $1.35^{***}$ & $1.30^{***}$ & $1.37^{***}$ & $1.43^{***}$ & $1.36^{***}$ & $1.34^{***}$ & $1.41^{***}$ \\ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ \\ Debt crisis & $0.75^{*}$ & $0.86^{**}$ & $0.85^{**}$ & $0.76^{*}$ & $0.88^{**}$ & $0.89^{**}$ & $0.81^{**}$ & $0.59$ & $0.58$ & $0.59$ & $0.66^{*}$ & $0.66^{*}$ & $0.65^{*}$ & $0.66^{*}$ \\ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ \\ Freedom from killing & $-0.34$ & & & $-0.28$ & $-0.18$ & & $-0.12$ & $-0.47^{*}$ & $-0.44$ & $-0.41$ & & & & \\ & $(0.24)$ & & & $(0.24)$ & $(0.22)$ & & $(0.22)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & & & & \\ Opposition group size & $-0.02$ & & $-0.02$ & & & & & & & $-0.08$ & $-0.03$ & $-0.09$ & & $-0.03$ \\ & $(0.21)$ & & $(0.21)$ & & & & & & & $(0.20)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.20)$ & & $(0.21)$ \\ Pro-autocracy mobilization & $-0.53$ & $-0.54^{*}$ & $-0.50$ & & $-0.84^{***}$ & $-0.92^{***}$ & $-0.95^{***}$ & $-0.29$ & $-0.35$ & & & & & \\ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.27)$ & & $(0.25)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.25)$ & & & & & \\ Opposition Autonomy & $-0.45$ & $-0.42$ & $-0.44$ & $-0.42$ & $-0.68^{*}$ & $-0.43$ & $-0.45$ & $-0.51$ & $-0.41$ & $-0.40$ & $-0.60^{*}$ & $-0.41$ & $-0.41$ & $-0.57$ \\ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.29)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.30)$ \\ Regime duration & $0.93^{***}$ & $0.87^{***}$ & $0.94^{***}$ & $0.94^{***}$ & $0.81^{***}$ & $0.86^{***}$ & $0.86^{***}$ & $0.80^{***}$ & $0.84^{***}$ & $0.90^{***}$ & $0.89^{***}$ & $0.91^{***}$ & $0.89^{***}$ & $0.88^{***}$ \\ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.22)$ & $(0.22)$ & $(0.22)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.22)$ & $(0.22)$ & $(0.22)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.22)$ \\ State ownership & $2.53^{***}$ & $2.41^{***}$ & $2.43^{***}$ & $2.46^{***}$ & $2.48^{***}$ & $2.41^{***}$ & $2.45^{***}$ & $2.33^{***}$ & $2.35^{***}$ & $2.32^{***}$ & $2.19^{***}$ & $2.22^{***}$ & $2.20^{***}$ & $2.19^{***}$ \\ & $(0.35)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.35)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ \\ Polarization & $-1.13^{***}$ & $-1.04^{***}$ & $-1.03^{***}$ & $-1.41^{***}$ & & & & $-1.46^{***}$ & $-1.42^{***}$ & $-1.56^{***}$ & $-1.47^{***}$ & $-1.46^{***}$ & $-1.47^{***}$ & $-1.48^{***}$ \\ & $(0.29)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.29)$ & & & & $(0.29)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.27)$ \\ Judicial constraints & $2.70$ & $1.85$ & $1.73$ & $3.03^{*}$ & $3.14^{*}$ & $2.66$ & $3.49^{*}$ & & $0.62$ & $0.63$ & & $-0.02$ & $0.05$ & $-0.38$ \\ & $(1.44)$ & $(1.49)$ & $(1.49)$ & $(1.44)$ & $(1.45)$ & $(1.46)$ & $(1.42)$ & & $(1.24)$ & $(1.23)$ & & $(1.32)$ & $(1.32)$ & $(1.36)$ \\ Legislative constraints & $-4.16^{**}$ & $-4.41^{***}$ & $-4.40^{***}$ & $-3.94^{**}$ & $-5.68^{***}$ & $-4.68^{***}$ & $-4.38^{***}$ & & & & & & & \\ & $(1.28)$ & $(1.31)$ & $(1.31)$ & $(1.28)$ & $(1.37)$ & $(1.28)$ & $(1.25)$ & & & & & & & \\ Freedom from torture & & $0.18$ & $0.11$ & & & $0.23$ & & & & & $-0.23$ & $-0.08$ & $-0.05$ & $-0.20$ \\ & & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & & & $(0.25)$ & & & & & $(0.23)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.25)$ \\ Support group size & & $-0.29$ & & $-0.18$ & $-0.30$ & $-0.25$ & $-0.20$ & $-0.16$ & $-0.11$ & & & & $-0.09$ & \\ & & $(0.22)$ & & $(0.22)$ & $(0.22)$ & $(0.22)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & & & & $(0.21)$ & \\ Pro-democracy mobilization & & & & $0.09$ & & & & & & $0.09$ & $0.16$ & $0.12$ & $0.12$ & $0.16$ \\ & & & & $(0.15)$ & & & & & & $(0.15)$ & $(0.15)$ & $(0.15)$ & $(0.15)$ & $(0.15)$ \\ Polyarchy & & & & & $4.30^{*}$ & & & $1.99$ & & & $2.17$ & & & $2.27$ \\ & & & & & $(1.83)$ & & & $(1.58)$ & & & $(1.72)$ & & & $(1.76)$ \\ \hline Year FE & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ AIC & $1005.13$ & $1005.27$ & $1007.00$ & $1008.07$ & $1014.76$ & $1017.82$ & $1018.41$ & $1020.72$ & $1022.05$ & $1023.69$ & $1024.92$ & $1026.52$ & $1026.54$ & $1026.85$ \\ Log Likelihood & $-461.57$ & $-461.64$ & $-462.50$ & $-463.04$ & $-466.38$ & $-468.91$ & $-469.21$ & $-470.36$ & $-471.02$ & $-471.85$ & $-472.46$ & $-473.26$ & $-473.27$ & $-472.42$ \\ Num. obs. & $2017$ & $2017$ & $2017$ & $2017$ & $2017$ & $2017$ & $2017$ & $2041$ & $2041$ & $2041$ & $2041$ & $2041$ & $2041$ & $2041$ \\ Num. groups: Country & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ & $75$ \\ Num. groups: Year & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ & $28$ \\ Country (Intercept) & $52.28$ & $51.09$ & $51.23$ & $54.91$ & $47.07$ & $44.84$ & $44.65$ & $54.17$ & $52.90$ & $55.24$ & $54.69$ & $53.51$ & $53.27$ & $54.81$ \\ Year (Intercept) & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ & $0.00$ \\ \hline \multicolumn{15}{l}{\scriptsize{$^{***}p<0.001$; $^{**}p<0.01$; $^{*}p<0.05$}} \end{tabular} \caption{Statistical models} \label{table:coefficients} \end{center} \end{table}