\begin{table} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline & Model 1 & Model 2 & Model 3 & Model 4 & Model 5 & Model 6 & Model 7 & Model 8 & Model 9 & Model 10 & Model 11 & Model 12 & Model 13 & Model 14 & Model 15 \\ \hline (Intercept) & $-1.81$ & $-2.22$ & $-2.58$ & $-2.82$ & $-1.44$ & $-1.90$ & $-1.64$ & $-1.61$ & $-1.83$ & $-1.48$ & $-1.71$ & $-1.66$ & $-1.47$ & $-1.49$ & $-2.32$ \\ & $(1.85)$ & $(1.85)$ & $(1.81)$ & $(1.82)$ & $(1.79)$ & $(1.74)$ & $(1.74)$ & $(1.75)$ & $(1.76)$ & $(1.77)$ & $(1.76)$ & $(1.78)$ & $(1.77)$ & $(1.75)$ & $(1.74)$ \\ Co-optation & $1.13^{***}$ & $1.16^{***}$ & $1.14^{***}$ & $1.15^{***}$ & $0.95^{***}$ & $0.99^{***}$ & $1.02^{***}$ & $1.03^{***}$ & $1.00^{***}$ & $0.98^{***}$ & $0.98^{***}$ & $0.99^{***}$ & $1.02^{***}$ & $1.01^{***}$ & $0.85^{***}$ \\ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.23)$ \\ Debt crisis & $0.20$ & $0.24$ & $0.10$ & $0.16$ & $0.23$ & $0.06$ & $0.04$ & $0.05$ & $0.07$ & $0.25$ & $0.14$ & $0.15$ & $0.13$ & $0.13$ & $0.15$ \\ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ \\ Freedom from killing & $-0.41$ & & $-0.48^{*}$ & & $-0.29$ & $-0.35$ & $-0.39$ & $-0.39$ & $-0.36$ & & & & & & $-0.35$ \\ & $(0.24)$ & & $(0.24)$ & & $(0.23)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.23)$ & $(0.23)$ & & & & & & $(0.23)$ \\ Support group size & $-0.25$ & & $-0.15$ & & $-0.22$ & & & $0.02$ & $0.03$ & & & $0.02$ & $0.01$ & & $-0.03$ \\ & $(0.23)$ & & $(0.23)$ & & $(0.23)$ & & & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & & & $(0.22)$ & $(0.22)$ & & $(0.22)$ \\ Pro-autocracy mobilization & $-0.24$ & & $-0.16$ & & $-0.62^{**}$ & $-0.33$ & & & $-0.30$ & & $-0.32$ & $-0.29$ & & & $-0.57^{*}$ \\ & $(0.28)$ & & $(0.27)$ & & $(0.24)$ & $(0.27)$ & & & $(0.26)$ & & $(0.27)$ & $(0.26)$ & & & $(0.23)$ \\ Opposition autonomy & $-0.39$ & $-0.57^{*}$ & $-0.35$ & $-0.54$ & $-0.39$ & $-0.10$ & $-0.09$ & $-0.09$ & $-0.09$ & $-0.51$ & $-0.15$ & $-0.14$ & $-0.15$ & $-0.15$ & $-0.31$ \\ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.29)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.29)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.28)$ \\ Regime duration & $0.45^{*}$ & $0.44^{*}$ & $0.43^{*}$ & $0.41$ & $0.38$ & $0.51^{*}$ & $0.55^{**}$ & $0.55^{**}$ & $0.53^{*}$ & $0.38$ & $0.50^{*}$ & $0.51^{*}$ & $0.53^{*}$ & $0.52^{*}$ & $0.34$ \\ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.20)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.20)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & $(0.20)$ \\ State ownership of economy & $1.38^{***}$ & $1.12^{***}$ & $1.30^{***}$ & $1.05^{***}$ & $1.30^{***}$ & $1.33^{***}$ & $1.36^{***}$ & $1.37^{***}$ & $1.36^{***}$ & $1.10^{***}$ & $1.20^{***}$ & $1.23^{***}$ & $1.22^{***}$ & $1.21^{***}$ & $1.20^{***}$ \\ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.29)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.31)$ \\ Judicial constraints & $-0.80$ & $-0.69$ & $-1.36$ & $-1.25$ & $-0.16$ & $0.19$ & $0.38$ & $0.30$ & $0.05$ & $0.41$ & $-0.40$ & $-0.43$ & $-0.24$ & $-0.21$ & $-0.80$ \\ & $(1.49)$ & $(1.51)$ & $(1.40)$ & $(1.43)$ & $(1.46)$ & $(1.29)$ & $(1.28)$ & $(1.27)$ & $(1.28)$ & $(1.47)$ & $(1.37)$ & $(1.37)$ & $(1.36)$ & $(1.36)$ & $(1.37)$ \\ Polyarchy & $5.58^{**}$ & $5.81^{**}$ & $5.10^{**}$ & $5.51^{**}$ & $4.88^{**}$ & & & & & $5.15^{**}$ & & & & & $4.00^{*}$ \\ & $(1.94)$ & $(1.94)$ & $(1.78)$ & $(1.80)$ & $(1.89)$ & & & & & $(1.90)$ & & & & & $(1.72)$ \\ Legislative constraints & $-1.45$ & $-1.35$ & & & $-1.76$ & & & & & $-1.81$ & & & & & \\ & $(1.38)$ & $(1.38)$ & & & $(1.34)$ & & & & & $(1.34)$ & & & & & \\ Polarization & $-0.83^{**}$ & $-0.87^{***}$ & $-1.00^{***}$ & $-0.98^{***}$ & & $-0.86^{**}$ & $-0.90^{***}$ & $-0.89^{***}$ & $-0.85^{**}$ & & $-0.80^{**}$ & $-0.80^{**}$ & $-0.85^{***}$ & $-0.85^{***}$ & \\ & $(0.29)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.26)$ & & $(0.27)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.27)$ & & $(0.26)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.25)$ & $(0.25)$ & \\ Freedom from torture & & $-0.34$ & & $-0.39$ & & & & & & $-0.27$ & $-0.09$ & $-0.11$ & $-0.12$ & $-0.11$ & \\ & & $(0.26)$ & & $(0.26)$ & & & & & & $(0.26)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & $(0.24)$ & \\ Opposition group size & & $0.20$ & & $0.18$ & & $0.10$ & $0.05$ & & & $0.09$ & $0.08$ & & & $0.03$ & \\ & & $(0.22)$ & & $(0.22)$ & & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & & & $(0.21)$ & $(0.21)$ & & & $(0.21)$ & \\ Pro-democracy mobilization & & $-0.05$ & & $-0.07$ & & & $-0.19$ & $-0.18$ & & $-0.22$ & & & $-0.15$ & $-0.15$ & \\ & & $(0.16)$ & & $(0.16)$ & & & $(0.16)$ & $(0.16)$ & & $(0.15)$ & & & $(0.16)$ & $(0.16)$ & \\ \hline Fixed Effects & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ Lagged DV & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ AIC & $692.51$ & $694.78$ & $696.38$ & $697.64$ & $698.34$ & $702.50$ & $702.52$ & $702.56$ & $702.66$ & $702.94$ & $704.60$ & $704.67$ & $704.98$ & $704.99$ & $706.89$ \\ BIC & $1185.88$ & $1188.14$ & $1185.17$ & $1186.42$ & $1186.09$ & $1185.67$ & $1185.69$ & $1185.73$ & $1185.83$ & $1190.70$ & $1187.77$ & $1187.84$ & $1188.15$ & $1188.16$ & $1190.06$ \\ Log Likelihood & $-258.26$ & $-259.39$ & $-261.19$ & $-261.82$ & $-262.17$ & $-265.25$ & $-265.26$ & $-265.28$ & $-265.33$ & $-264.47$ & $-266.30$ & $-266.34$ & $-266.49$ & $-266.49$ & $-267.44$ \\ Deviance & $516.51$ & $518.78$ & $522.38$ & $523.64$ & $524.34$ & $530.50$ & $530.52$ & $530.56$ & $530.66$ & $528.94$ & $532.60$ & $532.67$ & $532.98$ & $532.99$ & $534.89$ \\ Num. obs. & $2011$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ \\ \hline \multicolumn{16}{l}{\scriptsize{$^{***}p<0.001$; $^{**}p<0.01$; $^{*}p<0.05$}} \end{tabular} \caption{Statistical models} \label{table:coefficients} \end{center} \end{table}