\begin{table} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline & Model 1 & Model 2 & Model 3 & Model 4 & Model 5 & Model 6 & Model 7 & Model 8 & Model 9 & Model 10 & Model 11 & Model 12 & Model 13 & Model 14 & Model 15 \\ \hline (Intercept) & $-7.30^{***}$ & $-7.57^{***}$ & $-6.96^{***}$ & $-2.15$ & $-7.31^{***}$ & $-5.85^{**}$ & $-7.49^{***}$ & $-6.43^{***}$ & $-6.14^{**}$ & $-5.93^{**}$ & $-5.61^{**}$ & $-5.62^{**}$ & $-7.21^{***}$ & $-5.30^{**}$ & $-5.20^{**}$ \\ & $(2.01)$ & $(2.01)$ & $(2.00)$ & $(1.49)$ & $(2.01)$ & $(1.86)$ & $(2.01)$ & $(1.89)$ & $(1.90)$ & $(1.92)$ & $(1.86)$ & $(1.90)$ & $(2.00)$ & $(1.84)$ & $(1.83)$ \\ Co-optation & $-0.95^{**}$ & $-0.87^{**}$ & $-1.03^{**}$ & $-1.19^{***}$ & $-0.93^{**}$ & $-1.15^{***}$ & $-0.88^{**}$ & $-0.94^{**}$ & $-1.04^{***}$ & $-0.93^{**}$ & $-1.21^{***}$ & $-0.79^{*}$ & $-0.95^{**}$ & $-0.96^{**}$ & $-0.87^{**}$ \\ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.29)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.30)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.30)$ \\ Debt crisis & $-0.51$ & $-0.59$ & $-0.57$ & $-0.63$ & $-0.64$ & $-0.44$ & $-0.59$ & $-0.64$ & $-0.71$ & $-0.71$ & $-0.49$ & $-0.65$ & $-0.64$ & $-0.84^{*}$ & $-0.81^{*}$ \\ & $(0.43)$ & $(0.42)$ & $(0.43)$ & $(0.39)$ & $(0.43)$ & $(0.42)$ & $(0.43)$ & $(0.41)$ & $(0.42)$ & $(0.43)$ & $(0.42)$ & $(0.42)$ & $(0.43)$ & $(0.42)$ & $(0.40)$ \\ Freedom from killing & $0.68^{*}$ & $0.59$ & $0.62$ & & $0.56$ & $0.70^{*}$ & $0.57$ & & & $0.55$ & $0.64$ & $0.60$ & $0.53$ & & \\ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.35)$ & $(0.34)$ & & $(0.35)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.35)$ & & & $(0.34)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.35)$ & & \\ Support group size & $0.61$ & $0.43$ & $0.61$ & & $0.44$ & & $0.44$ & $0.62^{*}$ & $0.63^{*}$ & $0.60$ & & $0.56$ & $0.45$ & $0.66^{*}$ & \\ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.33)$ & & $(0.34)$ & & $(0.34)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.31)$ & $(0.32)$ & & $(0.33)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.31)$ & \\ Pro-autocracy mobilization & $-1.03^{**}$ & $-0.94^{**}$ & $-0.79^{*}$ & & $-0.77^{*}$ & $-0.96^{**}$ & $-0.93^{**}$ & $-0.97^{**}$ & $-0.70$ & & $-0.78^{*}$ & & $-0.77^{*}$ & & \\ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.33)$ & $(0.38)$ & & $(0.38)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.37)$ & & $(0.37)$ & & $(0.38)$ & & \\ Opposition Autonomy & $-0.22$ & $-0.43$ & $-0.17$ & & $-0.38$ & $0.03$ & $-0.40$ & $0.03$ & $0.07$ & $-0.03$ & $0.08$ & $-0.03$ & $-0.34$ & $0.13$ & $-0.15$ \\ & $(0.39)$ & $(0.41)$ & $(0.39)$ & & $(0.41)$ & $(0.37)$ & $(0.41)$ & $(0.36)$ & $(0.36)$ & $(0.36)$ & $(0.37)$ & $(0.35)$ & $(0.41)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.37)$ \\ Regime duration & $-0.32$ & $-0.41$ & $-0.35$ & & $-0.43$ & $-0.41$ & $-0.39$ & $-0.23$ & $-0.26$ & $-0.29$ & $-0.44$ & $-0.27$ & $-0.41$ & $-0.22$ & $-0.39$ \\ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.28)$ & & $(0.28)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.26)$ & $(0.28)$ & $(0.27)$ & $(0.26)$ \\ State ownership & $0.73^{*}$ & $0.77^{*}$ & $0.85^{*}$ & & $0.85^{*}$ & $0.49$ & $0.73^{*}$ & $0.75^{*}$ & $0.90^{*}$ & $0.83^{*}$ & $0.60$ & $0.58$ & $0.80^{*}$ & $0.90^{*}$ & $0.47$ \\ & $(0.35)$ & $(0.35)$ & $(0.37)$ & & $(0.37)$ & $(0.36)$ & $(0.37)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.36)$ & $(0.37)$ & $(0.37)$ & $(0.34)$ & $(0.38)$ & $(0.36)$ & $(0.34)$ \\ Judicial constraints & $0.38$ & $-1.29$ & $-0.20$ & & $-1.62$ & $0.34$ & $-1.52$ & $2.24$ & $1.49$ & $-0.56$ & $-0.15$ & $0.45$ & $-1.90$ & $1.30$ & $-0.01$ \\ & $(1.58)$ & $(1.76)$ & $(1.65)$ & & $(1.80)$ & $(1.59)$ & $(2.02)$ & $(1.60)$ & $(1.66)$ & $(1.64)$ & $(1.65)$ & $(1.54)$ & $(2.06)$ & $(1.65)$ & $(1.69)$ \\ Polyarchy & & $4.37$ & & & $4.09$ & & $3.72$ & & & & & & $3.32$ & & $7.17^{**}$ \\ & & $(2.46)$ & & & $(2.47)$ & & $(2.84)$ & & & & & & $(2.85)$ & & $(2.43)$ \\ Polarization & & & $-0.38$ & & $-0.27$ & & & & $-0.47$ & $-0.63$ & $-0.30$ & & $-0.27$ & $-0.65^{*}$ & \\ & & & $(0.34)$ & & $(0.34)$ & & & & $(0.33)$ & $(0.32)$ & $(0.33)$ & & $(0.34)$ & $(0.31)$ & \\ Opposition group size & & & & & & $0.13$ & & & & & $0.09$ & & & & $0.35$ \\ & & & & & & $(0.33)$ & & & & & $(0.33)$ & & & & $(0.32)$ \\ Legislative constraints & & & & & & & $0.55$ & & & & & & $0.65$ & & \\ & & & & & & & $(1.88)$ & & & & & & $(1.88)$ & & \\ Freedom from torture & & & & & & & & $-0.38$ & $-0.42$ & & & & & $-0.44$ & $-0.56$ \\ & & & & & & & & $(0.36)$ & $(0.36)$ & & & & & $(0.36)$ & $(0.36)$ \\ Pro-democracy mobilization & & & & & & & & & & $-0.16$ & & $-0.35$ & & $-0.21$ & $-0.26$ \\ & & & & & & & & & & $(0.20)$ & & $(0.19)$ & & $(0.20)$ & $(0.18)$ \\ \hline Fixed Effects & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ Lagged DV & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ AIC & $435.77$ & $436.33$ & $437.22$ & $437.87$ & $438.22$ & $438.85$ & $438.91$ & $439.30$ & $439.86$ & $439.96$ & $440.43$ & $440.69$ & $440.81$ & $441.58$ & $442.33$ \\ BIC & $913.32$ & $919.50$ & $920.39$ & $876.10$ & $927.01$ & $916.40$ & $926.67$ & $916.85$ & $923.03$ & $923.13$ & $923.60$ & $918.25$ & $934.17$ & $924.75$ & $925.50$ \\ Log Likelihood & $-132.88$ & $-132.16$ & $-132.61$ & $-140.94$ & $-132.11$ & $-134.43$ & $-132.46$ & $-134.65$ & $-133.93$ & $-133.98$ & $-134.22$ & $-135.35$ & $-132.40$ & $-134.79$ & $-135.17$ \\ Deviance & $265.77$ & $264.33$ & $265.22$ & $281.87$ & $264.22$ & $268.85$ & $264.91$ & $269.30$ & $267.86$ & $267.96$ & $268.43$ & $270.69$ & $264.81$ & $269.58$ & $270.33$ \\ Num. obs. & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ \\ \hline \multicolumn{16}{l}{\scriptsize{$^{***}p<0.001$; $^{**}p<0.01$; $^{*}p<0.05$}} \end{tabular} \caption{Statistical models} \label{table:coefficients} \end{center} \end{table}