\begin{table} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline & Model 1 & Model 2 & Model 3 & Model 4 & Model 5 & Model 6 & Model 7 & Model 8 & Model 9 & Model 10 & Model 11 & Model 12 & Model 13 & Model 14 & Model 15 \\ \hline (Intercept) & $-1.980$ & $-2.306$ & $-2.741$ & $-2.897$ & $-1.608$ & $-2.156$ & $-1.865$ & $-1.741$ & $-1.993$ & $-1.568$ & $-1.917$ & $-1.767$ & $-1.677$ & $-1.555$ & $-2.530$ \\ & $(1.865)$ & $(1.853)$ & $(1.819)$ & $(1.821)$ & $(1.808)$ & $(1.753)$ & $(1.745)$ & $(1.763)$ & $(1.770)$ & $(1.780)$ & $(1.766)$ & $(1.791)$ & $(1.760)$ & $(1.785)$ & $(1.753)$ \\ Co-optation & $1.297^{***}$ & $1.290^{***}$ & $1.341^{***}$ & $1.309^{***}$ & $1.101^{***}$ & $1.187^{***}$ & $1.215^{***}$ & $1.214^{***}$ & $1.194^{***}$ & $1.104^{***}$ & $1.184^{***}$ & $1.187^{***}$ & $1.210^{***}$ & $1.208^{***}$ & $1.074^{***}$ \\ & $(0.279)$ & $(0.274)$ & $(0.283)$ & $(0.277)$ & $(0.262)$ & $(0.272)$ & $(0.270)$ & $(0.271)$ & $(0.273)$ & $(0.258)$ & $(0.277)$ & $(0.277)$ & $(0.275)$ & $(0.275)$ & $(0.263)$ \\ Debt crisis & $0.522$ & $0.514$ & $0.450$ & $0.445$ & $0.563$ & $0.429$ & $0.395$ & $0.395$ & $0.425$ & $0.528$ & $0.511$ & $0.505$ & $0.481$ & $0.482$ & $0.561$ \\ & $(0.401)$ & $(0.397)$ & $(0.387)$ & $(0.380)$ & $(0.402)$ & $(0.378)$ & $(0.377)$ & $(0.379)$ & $(0.380)$ & $(0.399)$ & $(0.381)$ & $(0.383)$ & $(0.380)$ & $(0.382)$ & $(0.386)$ \\ Freedom from killing & $-0.417$ & & $-0.485^{*}$ & & $-0.293$ & $-0.363$ & $-0.393$ & $-0.390$ & $-0.359$ & & & & & & $-0.352$ \\ & $(0.238)$ & & $(0.240)$ & & $(0.230)$ & $(0.230)$ & $(0.230)$ & $(0.232)$ & $(0.231)$ & & & & & & $(0.232)$ \\ Support group size & $-0.292$ & & $-0.202$ & & $-0.252$ & & & $-0.029$ & $-0.018$ & & & $-0.037$ & & $-0.044$ & $-0.088$ \\ & $(0.231)$ & & $(0.229)$ & & $(0.228)$ & & & $(0.216)$ & $(0.217)$ & & & $(0.220)$ & & $(0.219)$ & $(0.223)$ \\ Pro-autocracy mobilization & $-0.235$ & & $-0.166$ & & $-0.624^{**}$ & $-0.346$ & & & $-0.309$ & & $-0.337$ & $-0.306$ & & & $-0.581^{*}$ \\ & $(0.280)$ & & $(0.270)$ & & $(0.240)$ & $(0.269)$ & & & $(0.265)$ & & $(0.268)$ & $(0.264)$ & & & $(0.233)$ \\ Opposition autonomy & $-0.461$ & $-0.625^{*}$ & $-0.430$ & $-0.598^{*}$ & $-0.450$ & $-0.191$ & $-0.178$ & $-0.155$ & $-0.159$ & $-0.562^{*}$ & $-0.237$ & $-0.205$ & $-0.231$ & $-0.208$ & $-0.395$ \\ & $(0.286)$ & $(0.291)$ & $(0.287)$ & $(0.293)$ & $(0.283)$ & $(0.268)$ & $(0.266)$ & $(0.265)$ & $(0.267)$ & $(0.286)$ & $(0.269)$ & $(0.268)$ & $(0.267)$ & $(0.267)$ & $(0.282)$ \\ Regime duration & $0.483^{*}$ & $0.471^{*}$ & $0.471^{*}$ & $0.444^{*}$ & $0.403^{*}$ & $0.553^{**}$ & $0.588^{**}$ & $0.593^{**}$ & $0.567^{**}$ & $0.401^{*}$ & $0.532^{*}$ & $0.544^{**}$ & $0.561^{**}$ & $0.564^{**}$ & $0.373$ \\ & $(0.212)$ & $(0.213)$ & $(0.210)$ & $(0.211)$ & $(0.201)$ & $(0.209)$ & $(0.210)$ & $(0.211)$ & $(0.209)$ & $(0.202)$ & $(0.208)$ & $(0.208)$ & $(0.209)$ & $(0.209)$ & $(0.198)$ \\ State ownership of economy & $1.370^{***}$ & $1.090^{***}$ & $1.297^{***}$ & $1.029^{***}$ & $1.285^{***}$ & $1.308^{***}$ & $1.328^{***}$ & $1.367^{***}$ & $1.355^{***}$ & $1.074^{***}$ & $1.175^{***}$ & $1.225^{***}$ & $1.172^{***}$ & $1.210^{***}$ & $1.191^{***}$ \\ & $(0.337)$ & $(0.315)$ & $(0.313)$ & $(0.298)$ & $(0.328)$ & $(0.313)$ & $(0.314)$ & $(0.312)$ & $(0.312)$ & $(0.309)$ & $(0.299)$ & $(0.296)$ & $(0.297)$ & $(0.293)$ & $(0.304)$ \\ Judicial constraints & $-0.509$ & $-0.570$ & $-0.962$ & $-1.042$ & $0.125$ & $0.612$ & $0.758$ & $0.636$ & $0.426$ & $0.522$ & $-0.205$ & $-0.265$ & $-0.036$ & $-0.088$ & $-0.385$ \\ & $(1.508)$ & $(1.510)$ & $(1.420)$ & $(1.436)$ & $(1.475)$ & $(1.302)$ & $(1.293)$ & $(1.285)$ & $(1.300)$ & $(1.472)$ & $(1.374)$ & $(1.383)$ & $(1.360)$ & $(1.365)$ & $(1.388)$ \\ Polyarchy & $5.513^{**}$ & $5.543^{**}$ & $5.116^{**}$ & $5.281^{**}$ & $4.819^{*}$ & & & & & $4.961^{**}$ & & & & & $4.039^{*}$ \\ & $(1.948)$ & $(1.941)$ & $(1.794)$ & $(1.795)$ & $(1.904)$ & & & & & $(1.893)$ & & & & & $(1.738)$ \\ Legislative constraints & $-1.311$ & $-1.257$ & & & $-1.663$ & & & & & $-1.737$ & & & & & \\ & $(1.387)$ & $(1.383)$ & & & $(1.340)$ & & & & & $(1.333)$ & & & & & \\ Polarization & $-0.843^{**}$ & $-0.873^{***}$ & $-0.981^{***}$ & $-0.959^{***}$ & & $-0.839^{**}$ & $-0.901^{***}$ & $-0.887^{***}$ & $-0.834^{**}$ & & $-0.780^{**}$ & $-0.778^{**}$ & $-0.847^{***}$ & $-0.837^{***}$ & \\ & $(0.287)$ & $(0.260)$ & $(0.275)$ & $(0.256)$ & & $(0.268)$ & $(0.256)$ & $(0.254)$ & $(0.268)$ & & $(0.261)$ & $(0.261)$ & $(0.249)$ & $(0.247)$ & \\ Co-optation*crisis & $-0.416$ & $-0.354$ & $-0.462$ & $-0.394$ & $-0.411$ & $-0.478$ & $-0.465$ & $-0.452$ & $-0.456$ & $-0.349$ & $-0.471$ & $-0.452$ & $-0.458$ & $-0.449$ & $-0.520$ \\ & $(0.292)$ & $(0.293)$ & $(0.287)$ & $(0.287)$ & $(0.292)$ & $(0.279)$ & $(0.280)$ & $(0.281)$ & $(0.281)$ & $(0.294)$ & $(0.283)$ & $(0.285)$ & $(0.284)$ & $(0.286)$ & $(0.286)$ \\ Freedom from torture & & $-0.280$ & & $-0.337$ & & & & & & $-0.227$ & $-0.034$ & $-0.054$ & $-0.059$ & $-0.066$ & \\ & & $(0.259)$ & & $(0.258)$ & & & & & & $(0.258)$ & $(0.243)$ & $(0.246)$ & $(0.241)$ & $(0.245)$ & \\ Opposition group size & & $0.233$ & & $0.216$ & & $0.146$ & $0.096$ & & & $0.120$ & $0.133$ & & $0.085$ & & \\ & & $(0.219)$ & & $(0.219)$ & & $(0.215)$ & $(0.209)$ & & & $(0.207)$ & $(0.217)$ & & $(0.212)$ & & \\ Pro-democracy mobilization & & $-0.049$ & & $-0.069$ & & & $-0.183$ & $-0.183$ & & $-0.219$ & & & $-0.149$ & $-0.152$ & \\ & & $(0.163)$ & & $(0.162)$ & & & $(0.160)$ & $(0.160)$ & & $(0.151)$ & & & $(0.160)$ & $(0.160)$ & \\ \hline Fixed Effects & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ Lagged DV & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ AIC & $693.012$ & $695.982$ & $696.436$ & $698.546$ & $698.878$ & $702.261$ & $702.458$ & $702.587$ & $702.622$ & $704.196$ & $704.625$ & $704.848$ & $705.192$ & $705.229$ & $706.280$ \\ BIC & $1191.980$ & $1194.951$ & $1190.843$ & $1192.952$ & $1192.240$ & $1191.049$ & $1191.245$ & $1191.375$ & $1191.410$ & $1197.558$ & $1193.412$ & $1193.636$ & $1193.980$ & $1194.016$ & $1195.068$ \\ Log Likelihood & $-257.506$ & $-258.991$ & $-260.218$ & $-261.273$ & $-261.439$ & $-264.130$ & $-264.229$ & $-264.294$ & $-264.311$ & $-264.098$ & $-265.312$ & $-265.424$ & $-265.596$ & $-265.614$ & $-266.140$ \\ Deviance & $515.012$ & $517.982$ & $520.436$ & $522.546$ & $522.878$ & $528.261$ & $528.458$ & $528.587$ & $528.622$ & $528.196$ & $530.625$ & $530.848$ & $531.192$ & $531.229$ & $532.280$ \\ Num. obs. & $2011$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ \\ \hline \multicolumn{16}{l}{\scriptsize{$^{***}p<0.001$; $^{**}p<0.01$; $^{*}p<0.05$}} \end{tabular} \caption{Statistical models} \label{table:coefficients} \end{center} \end{table}