\begin{table} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline & Model 1 & Model 2 & Model 3 & Model 4 & Model 5 & Model 6 & Model 7 & Model 8 & Model 9 & Model 10 & Model 11 & Model 12 & Model 13 & Model 14 & Model 15 \\ \hline (Intercept) & $-7.421^{***}$ & $-7.644^{***}$ & $-2.307$ & $-7.044^{***}$ & $-7.368^{***}$ & $-5.924^{**}$ & $-7.551^{***}$ & $-6.583^{***}$ & $-6.071^{**}$ & $-6.280^{***}$ & $-5.852^{**}$ & $-5.675^{**}$ & $-7.265^{***}$ & $-5.529^{**}$ & $-5.441^{**}$ \\ & $(2.027)$ & $(2.024)$ & $(1.503)$ & $(2.007)$ & $(2.020)$ & $(1.869)$ & $(2.018)$ & $(1.907)$ & $(1.932)$ & $(1.907)$ & $(1.926)$ & $(1.868)$ & $(2.012)$ & $(1.859)$ & $(1.847)$ \\ Co-optation & $-0.842^{*}$ & $-0.785^{*}$ & $-1.044^{***}$ & $-0.932^{**}$ & $-0.846^{*}$ & $-1.045^{**}$ & $-0.797^{*}$ & $-0.817^{*}$ & $-0.818^{*}$ & $-0.925^{**}$ & $-0.654$ & $-1.107^{**}$ & $-0.864^{*}$ & $-0.828^{*}$ & $-0.745^{*}$ \\ & $(0.358)$ & $(0.355)$ & $(0.317)$ & $(0.359)$ & $(0.357)$ & $(0.354)$ & $(0.358)$ & $(0.342)$ & $(0.347)$ & $(0.347)$ & $(0.345)$ & $(0.356)$ & $(0.361)$ & $(0.340)$ & $(0.338)$ \\ Debt crisis & $-0.223$ & $-0.321$ & $-0.151$ & $-0.299$ & $-0.365$ & $-0.148$ & $-0.342$ & $-0.378$ & $-0.358$ & $-0.466$ & $-0.244$ & $-0.204$ & $-0.392$ & $-0.508$ & $-0.481$ \\ & $(0.539)$ & $(0.539)$ & $(0.497)$ & $(0.539)$ & $(0.540)$ & $(0.535)$ & $(0.542)$ & $(0.519)$ & $(0.538)$ & $(0.520)$ & $(0.534)$ & $(0.534)$ & $(0.543)$ & $(0.520)$ & $(0.520)$ \\ Freedom from killing & $0.664$ & $0.578$ & & $0.597$ & $0.541$ & $0.675^{*}$ & $0.558$ & & $0.528$ & & $0.567$ & $0.624$ & $0.518$ & & \\ & $(0.345)$ & $(0.348)$ & & $(0.344)$ & $(0.347)$ & $(0.340)$ & $(0.347)$ & & $(0.340)$ & & $(0.335)$ & $(0.340)$ & $(0.345)$ & & \\ Support group size & $0.621$ & $0.432$ & & $0.613$ & $0.436$ & & $0.437$ & $0.631^{*}$ & $0.592$ & $0.638^{*}$ & $0.548$ & & $0.442$ & $0.658^{*}$ & \\ & $(0.330)$ & $(0.343)$ & & $(0.327)$ & $(0.341)$ & & $(0.342)$ & $(0.317)$ & $(0.323)$ & $(0.315)$ & $(0.329)$ & & $(0.340)$ & $(0.315)$ & \\ Pro-autocracy mobilization & $-0.993^{**}$ & $-0.901^{**}$ & & $-0.763^{*}$ & $-0.739$ & $-0.919^{**}$ & $-0.897^{**}$ & $-0.928^{**}$ & & $-0.666$ & & $-0.739^{*}$ & $-0.736$ & & \\ & $(0.334)$ & $(0.337)$ & & $(0.383)$ & $(0.386)$ & $(0.326)$ & $(0.339)$ & $(0.324)$ & & $(0.370)$ & & $(0.372)$ & $(0.386)$ & & \\ Opposition autonomy & $-0.237$ & $-0.444$ & & $-0.189$ & $-0.396$ & $0.005$ & $-0.412$ & $-0.015$ & $-0.055$ & $0.024$ & $-0.055$ & $0.058$ & $-0.357$ & $0.075$ & $-0.164$ \\ & $(0.397)$ & $(0.411)$ & & $(0.393)$ & $(0.409)$ & $(0.372)$ & $(0.411)$ & $(0.360)$ & $(0.366)$ & $(0.360)$ & $(0.358)$ & $(0.371)$ & $(0.409)$ & $(0.345)$ & $(0.365)$ \\ Regime duration & $-0.295$ & $-0.383$ & & $-0.320$ & $-0.399$ & $-0.380$ & $-0.369$ & $-0.203$ & $-0.248$ & $-0.234$ & $-0.222$ & $-0.406$ & $-0.382$ & $-0.191$ & $-0.365$ \\ & $(0.273)$ & $(0.280)$ & & $(0.278)$ & $(0.283)$ & $(0.268)$ & $(0.280)$ & $(0.264)$ & $(0.273)$ & $(0.271)$ & $(0.263)$ & $(0.272)$ & $(0.283)$ & $(0.268)$ & $(0.263)$ \\ State ownership of economy & $0.738^{*}$ & $0.771^{*}$ & & $0.851^{*}$ & $0.848^{*}$ & $0.492$ & $0.728^{*}$ & $0.761^{*}$ & $0.821^{*}$ & $0.908^{*}$ & $0.585$ & $0.603$ & $0.799^{*}$ & $0.901^{*}$ & $0.498$ \\ & $(0.352)$ & $(0.354)$ & & $(0.370)$ & $(0.370)$ & $(0.357)$ & $(0.368)$ & $(0.339)$ & $(0.369)$ & $(0.357)$ & $(0.344)$ & $(0.371)$ & $(0.383)$ & $(0.357)$ & $(0.345)$ \\ Judicial constraints & $0.498$ & $-1.173$ & & $-0.076$ & $-1.495$ & $0.441$ & $-1.348$ & $2.331$ & $-0.355$ & $1.606$ & $0.666$ & $-0.058$ & $-1.723$ & $1.503$ & $0.105$ \\ & $(1.583)$ & $(1.760)$ & & $(1.647)$ & $(1.798)$ & $(1.588)$ & $(2.027)$ & $(1.605)$ & $(1.643)$ & $(1.662)$ & $(1.552)$ & $(1.650)$ & $(2.064)$ & $(1.664)$ & $(1.704)$ \\ Co-optation*crisis & $-0.306$ & $-0.281$ & $-0.531$ & $-0.295$ & $-0.281$ & $-0.318$ & $-0.258$ & $-0.312$ & $-0.369$ & $-0.291$ & $-0.430$ & $-0.314$ & $-0.254$ & $-0.376$ & $-0.360$ \\ & $(0.400)$ & $(0.400)$ & $(0.390)$ & $(0.402)$ & $(0.401)$ & $(0.404)$ & $(0.400)$ & $(0.392)$ & $(0.398)$ & $(0.396)$ & $(0.396)$ & $(0.404)$ & $(0.401)$ & $(0.392)$ & $(0.398)$ \\ Polyarchy & & $4.320$ & & & $4.060$ & & $3.795$ & & & & & & $3.427$ & & $6.933^{**}$ \\ & & $(2.453)$ & & & $(2.469)$ & & $(2.841)$ & & & & & & $(2.852)$ & & $(2.420)$ \\ Polarization & & & & $-0.364$ & $-0.258$ & & & & $-0.598$ & $-0.453$ & & $-0.301$ & $-0.261$ & $-0.614^{*}$ & \\ & & & & $(0.340)$ & $(0.339)$ & & & & $(0.322)$ & $(0.326)$ & & $(0.327)$ & $(0.337)$ & $(0.309)$ & \\ Opposition group size & & & & & & $0.138$ & & & & & & $0.096$ & & & $0.338$ \\ & & & & & & $(0.327)$ & & & & & & $(0.327)$ & & & $(0.316)$ \\ Legislative constraints & & & & & & & $0.426$ & & & & & & $0.526$ & & \\ & & & & & & & $(1.879)$ & & & & & & $(1.880)$ & & \\ Freedom from torture & & & & & & & & $-0.368$ & & $-0.407$ & & & & $-0.432$ & $-0.506$ \\ & & & & & & & & $(0.361)$ & & $(0.364)$ & & & & $(0.366)$ & $(0.364)$ \\ Pro-democracy mobilization & & & & & & & & & $-0.157$ & & $-0.326$ & & & $-0.202$ & $-0.247$ \\ & & & & & & & & & $(0.203)$ & & $(0.186)$ & & & $(0.201)$ & $(0.184)$ \\ \hline Fixed Effects & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ Lagged DV & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ AIC & $438.053$ & $438.701$ & $439.229$ & $439.654$ & $440.664$ & $441.158$ & $441.317$ & $441.586$ & $442.306$ & $442.342$ & $442.716$ & $442.816$ & $443.288$ & $443.998$ & $444.631$ \\ BIC & $921.222$ & $927.489$ & $883.070$ & $928.442$ & $935.071$ & $924.328$ & $934.679$ & $924.755$ & $931.094$ & $931.130$ & $925.886$ & $931.604$ & $942.256$ & $932.786$ & $933.419$ \\ Log Likelihood & $-133.026$ & $-132.350$ & $-140.614$ & $-132.827$ & $-132.332$ & $-134.579$ & $-132.658$ & $-134.793$ & $-134.153$ & $-134.171$ & $-135.358$ & $-134.408$ & $-132.644$ & $-134.999$ & $-135.315$ \\ Deviance & $266.053$ & $264.701$ & $281.229$ & $265.654$ & $264.664$ & $269.158$ & $265.317$ & $269.586$ & $268.306$ & $268.342$ & $270.716$ & $268.816$ & $265.288$ & $269.998$ & $270.631$ \\ Num. obs. & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2035$ & $2011$ & $2035$ & $2035$ \\ \hline \multicolumn{16}{l}{\scriptsize{$^{***}p<0.001$; $^{**}p<0.01$; $^{*}p<0.05$}} \end{tabular} \caption{Statistical models} \label{table:coefficients} \end{center} \end{table}