SEC. 7208. HIGH-PRIORITY RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVES.

    (a) In General.--Section 1672(d) of the Food, Agriculture, 
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(d)) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (9) and inserting the following:
            ``(9) Coffee plant health initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of--
                    ``(A) developing and disseminating science-based 
                tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious 
                weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the 
                Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact 
                coffee plants;
                    ``(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest 
                management program in areas affected by, or areas at 
                risk of being affected by, plant pests or noxious weeds 
                (as so defined) that impact coffee plants;
                    ``(C) surveying and collecting data on coffee plant 
                production and health;
                    ``(D) investigating coffee plant biology, 
                immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and
                    ``(E) conducting research on--
                            ``(i) factors that may contribute to or be 
                        associated with coffee plant immune systems;
                            ``(ii) other serious threats to coffee 
                        plants, including the sublethal effects of 
                        insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides on 
                        insects and plants beneficial to coffee plant 
                        growth; and
                            ``(iii) the development of mitigating and 
                        preventative measures to improve habitat 
                        conservation and best management practices in 
                        coffee-growing regions.'';
(2) by striking paragraph (11) and inserting the following:
            ``(11) Macadamia tree health initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of--
                    ``(A) developing and disseminating science-based 
                tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious 
                weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the 
                Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact 
                macadamia trees;
                    ``(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest 
                management program in areas affected by, or areas at 
                risk of being affected by, invasive plant pests or 
                noxious weeds (as so defined);
                    ``(C) surveying and collecting data on macadamia 
                tree production and health;
                    ``(D) investigating macadamia tree biology, 
                immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and
                    ``(E) conducting research on various factors that 
                may contribute to or be associated with macadamia tree 
                immune systems, and other serious threats to macadamia 
                trees, including--
                            ``(i) the sublethal effects of 
                        insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides on 
                        beneficial insects and plants to macadamia tree 
                        growth; and
                            ``(ii) the development of mitigative and 
                        preventative measures to improve habitat 
                        conservation and best management practices in 
                        macadamia tree growing regions.'';
(3) in paragraph (14)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (F) 
                as subparagraphs (C) through (G), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
                following:
                    ``(B) to review the effectiveness of current cattle 
                fever tick eradication efforts in preventing and 
                reducing the spread of cattle fever ticks;''; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(21) PFAS agricultural effects research initiative.--
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section 
        for the purposes of carrying out research relating to--
                    ``(A) the effects of perfluoroalkyl substances and 
                polyfluoroalkyl substances (as those terms are defined 
                in section 7331(2)(B) of the PFAS Act of 2019 (15 
                U.S.C. 8931(2)(B))) on agricultural land used for the 
                production of crops and livestock, including cropland, 
                grassland, rangeland, pasture land, cropped woodland, 
                marshes, environmentally sensitive areas, and other 
                land related to agricultural production, as determined 
                by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) identifying methods to mitigate and remediate 
                the impacts of perfluoroalkyl substances and 
                polyfluoroalkyl substances (as so defined).
            ``(22) Peanut aflatoxin research initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of--
                    ``(A) pre- and post-harvest improvements in the 
                peanut production, handling, and processing sectors to 
                improve efficiency and manage aflatoxin;
                    ``(B) advanced curing systems to minimize moisture 
                variation of individual peanut kernels; and
                    ``(C) other efforts that can lead to a reduction in 
                the risk of losses due to mold and potential aflatoxin 
                contamination in storage.
            ``(23) Biochar research initiative.--Research and extension 
        grants may be made under this section for the purposes of--
                    ``(A) assessing the soil carbon sequestration 
                potential of various biochars and management systems 
                integrating biochar use;
                    ``(B) understanding how to use biochar productively 
                to contribute to climate mitigation, crop production, 
                resilience to extreme weather events, ecosystem and 
                soil health, natural resource conservation, and farm 
                profitability; and
                    ``(C) delivering science-based, region-specific, 
                cost-effective, and practical information to farmers, 
                ranchers, foresters, land reclamation managers, urban 
                land managers, and other land and natural resource 
                managers and businesses on sustainable biochar 
                production and application.
            ``(24) Spotted wing drosophila initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made and cooperative agreements may be 
        entered into under this section to mitigate the negative 
        effects of spotted wing drosophila.
            ``(25) Spotted lanternfly control initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of developing and disseminating research-based tools 
        and treatments to combat the Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma 
        delicatula).
            ``(26) Wheat resiliency initiative.--Research and extension 
        grants may be made under this section for the purpose of 
        building capacity to address emerging pest and disease 
        challenges to wheat production throughout the United States.
            ``(27) Invasive species research and extension.--Research 
        and extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purpose of supporting research projects at land-grant colleges 
        and universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National 
        Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
        1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to develop and apply methods to manage 
        and eradicate invasive species of plants and animals, including 
        through methods of biocontrol.
            ``(28) Advanced mechanized harvester technologies research 
        and extension.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Research and extension grants 
                may be made under this section for the purpose of 
                developing and evaluating technologies to mechanize 
                agricultural processes.
                    ``(B) Emphasis.--In awarding grants under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary may place emphasis on 
                mechanizing the process for harvesting specialty crops.
``(29) Agricultural application of artificial intelligence 
        research and extension.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Research and extension grants 
                may be made under this section for the purpose of 
                developing and evaluating agricultural uses of 
                artificial intelligence.
                    ``(B) Emphasis.--In awarding grants under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary may place emphasis on 
                uses of artificial intelligence that improve specialty 
                crop production.
``(30) Aquaculture research and extension.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose 
        of supporting research projects at land-grant colleges and 
        universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National 
        Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
        1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to develop and apply aquaculture methods, 
        including through the propagation and rearing of economically 
        and ecologically valuable aquatic and marine species.
            ``(31) White oak research initiative.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Research grants may be made 
                under this section to a land-grant college or 
                university (as defined in section 1404 of the National 
                Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy 
                Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) for the purpose of 
                improving white oak species resiliency, health, and 
                preservation.
                    ``(B) Priorities.--In awarding grants under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall prioritize 
                research relating to the resistance of white oak to 
                disease, pests, heat, and drought in cultivated, new, 
                and old-growth white oak timber stands.
            ``(32) Sunflower breeding initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose 
        of developing sunflower hybrids adapted for United States 
        growing regions.''.
    (b) Pulse Crop Health Initiative.--Section 1672(e)(5) of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(e)(5)) 
is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (c) Training Coordination for Food and Agriculture Protection.--
Section 1672(f)(5) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(f)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.
    (d) Pollinator Protection.--Section 1672(g) of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(g)) is 
amended in paragraphs (1)(B), (2)(B), and (3) by striking ``2023'' each 
place it appears and inserting ``2029''.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 1672(h) of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(h)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.