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GENERAL INFORMATION
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Title of Dataset: Dataset: EU Regional Policy and Spain's Economic Development: The Impact of Capital Widening and Productivity Stagnation in the period 1989–2010


Author/Principal Investigator Information

Name: Paulino Montes-Solla

ORCID: 0000-0002-5608-6080

Institution: ECOBAS (Universidade da Coruña), GCD Research Group, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of A Coruña

Address: Campus de Elviña, s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain

Email: paulino.montes.solla@udc.es



Author/Associate or Co-investigator Information

Name: Jesus López-Rodríguez

ORCID: 0000-0002-2142-3913

Institution: ECOBAS (Universidade da Coruña), GCD Research Group, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of A Coruña

Address: Campus de Elviña, s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain

Email: jesus.lopez.rodriguez@udc.es



Author/Alternate Contact Information

Name: Paulino Montes-Solla

ORCID: 0000-0002-5608-6080

Institution: ECOBAS (Universidade da Coruña), GCD Research Group, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of A Coruña

Address: Campus de Elviña, s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain

Email: paulino.montes.solla@udc.es

Date of data collection: 20180725

Geographic location of data collection: The dataset includes information about Spain (only regions in the Iberian Peninsula), spanning latitudes from approximately 43° 47' 36" N to 36° 00' 08" S, and longitudes from approximately 3° 19' 05" E to 9° 17' 46" W.

Information about funding sources or sponsorship that supported the collection of the data:  The authors want to thank the GCD Research Group to support the funding to the research stays to carry out this research. The authors also want to thank the IVIE (Valencian Institute for Economic Research) for granting us access to their macroeconomic regional data to carry out one part of this database. 

General description: This study combines two group of sources of information for the period 1989-2010.
For one hand, we access four data sources, the Valencian Institute of Economic Research, (IVIE), the Spanish National Statistics Institute, (INE), The Spanish ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (MECS) and the former Spanish Ministry of Economics and Finance (MEF) which have been used for the main macroeconomic variables of the model (Value added per worker, human capital augmented-labor, business capital, infrastructure capital and R&D expenditures).
For another hand, the data on the variable that proxies the transport infrastructure EU funding have been obtained from the European regional policy annual reports issued from 1989 until 2010 by the Directorate General of Community funds of the Spanish ministry of Economics and Public Finance (Known in the Spanish jargon as DG Fondos). Within the time frame of our database we analyzed the information contained in the annual reports issued over the four programming periods since the Spanish adhesion to the EU, (1989-1993, 1994-1999, 2000-2006 and 2007-2013) on the amounts invested by region and year in transport infrastructures financed by the ERDF and Cohesion Fund, as well as central and regional governments funding.

Keywords: Regional development; Infrastructures; European Regional Development Fund; Cohesion Fund; Spain; Total Factor Productivity




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SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION
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Open Access to data: Open

Date end Embargo: 

Licenses/restrictions placed on the data, or limitations of reuse: CC-BY

Citation for and links to publications that cite or use the data: Faiña, A., Lopez-Rodriguez, J., & Montes-Solla, P. (2018). European Union regional policy and development in Spain: capital widening and productivity stagnation over 1989–2010. Regional Studies, 54(1), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1542127

Links/relationships to previous or related data sets: None.

Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: None.

Was data derived from another source?

If yes, list source(s):

Recommended citation for this dataset: Montes-Solla, P. & López-Rodríguez (2025). EU Regional Policy and Spain's Economic Development: The Impact of Capital Widening and Productivity Stagnation in the period 1989–2010. [Data set]. Universidade da Coruña.


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DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
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File list: DATASET.xlsx: The file contains a dataset of 372 observations representing yearly data from 1989 to 2010 for the 17 Spanish regions. The dataset includes information across 20 variables. 

Type of version of the dataset: Final version of the data.
Relationship between files: None.

Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: An additional database has been constructed with the information contained in the annual reports issued throughout the four programming periods since Spain's accession to the EU (1989-1993, 1994-1999, 2000-2006 and 2007-2013) for all areas of central and regional government financing.

Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No

If yes, name of file(s) that was updated: 

Why was the file updated? 

When was the file updated? 

Total size: 153 KB


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METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION
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Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: The information contained in the dataset was compiled using data provided by official sources. This study combines the use of five main datasets: On the one hand, macroeconomic variables have been obtained from the Valencian Institute of Economic Research (IVIE), the National Institute of Statistics (INE), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (MECS) and the former Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF). They have been used for the main macroeconomic variables of the model [Value added per worker (y), increase in human-labor capital (fis), business capital (kbiz), infrastructure capital (kinf) and R&D expenditure (rd)]. On the other hand, data on the variable representing EU funding for transport infrastructure (euinfp) have been obtained from the annual European regional policy reports published from 1989 to 2010 by the Directorate General of Community Funds of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Finance (known in Spanish jargon as DG Funds). The model is estimated with annual data for the 17 Spanish regions over the period 1989-2010.

Methods for processing the data: The data set processing methodology consisted of harmonizing data from multiple sources into a consistent format. Seven variables were included: Value added per worker (y), year (t), Research and development expenditures in % (rd), Efficiency of a unit of labor (fis), Business capital per worker (kbiz), Capital stock in transport infrastructure per worker (kinf). The variable representing community financing of transport infrastructure (euinfp) was obtained from the annual European regional policy reports. In addition, the variables of Transport infrastructure endowment weighted by population and surface area in relation to the best endowed region (kinfsat) and the Infrastructure endowment per km2 in relation to the annual national total per square km (kinfarea) have been calculated to measure the level of transport infrastructure endowment in reference to the best endowed region at the end of the period. This approach ensured the creation of a consistent annual data set to analyze the extent to which investments in transport infrastructure supported by the European Union's Regional and Cohesion Policy prevented TFP in Spain from falling further due to capital widening during the period 1989-2010.

Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: The dataset is compatible with Stata 17, allowing users to easily open, view, and interpret the data. This makes the dataset accessible for analysis and manipulation. 

Standards and calibration information: From the entire dataset, most of the originally collected variables have the right frequencies (yearly data and at constant 2000-euro prices). However, in the case of the variable "Community funding for transport infrastructure" (euinfp), it was derived by constructing a secondary database based on data obtained from the European regional policy annual reports. The amounts of expenditure contained in the annual reports were issue in three different currencies (peseta-the Spanish currency unit until 1999 -in the first programming period (1989-1993)-, ECU and peseta-the European currency unit) in the second programming period (1994-1999) and Euros from 1999 onwards.  The following steps have been taken to do the conversion for the data contained in the annual reports to constant 2000-euro prices: 
a) For the amounts gathered in the 1989-1994 annual reports, we first apply the annual exchange rates Peseta/Ecu (obtained from Eurostat ) and then, the ECU amounts were transformed at constant 2000-euro prices by applying the conversion factors from euro fixed series euro/ECU (obtained from Eurostat)
b) For the amounts gathered in the 1995-1999 annual reports, we have transformed them at constant 2000-euro prices by applying the conversion factors from euro fixed series euro/ECU.
c) The amounts gathered in the 2000 annual reports are already expressed at constant 2000-euro prices. 
d) For the amounts gathered in the 2001-2010 annual reports, we have transformed them at constant 2000-euro prices by applying the Spanish Consumers Price Index deflator (CPI). 

Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: 

People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Paulino Montes-Solla


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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Dataset: EU Regional Policy and Spain's Economic Development: The Impact of Capital Widening and Productivity Stagnation in the period 1989–2010 
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Number of variables: 20

Number of cases/rows: 375

Variable List: Date: Represents the yearly timestamp. Source: Production (y): Value added per worker; Time (t): Current year minus 1989. Population (pop): thousand of habitants. Employment (l): ratio of employed population to active population. R&D (rd): Research and development expenditures in % of GDP. Education (fis): Efficiency of a unit of labor. Busines capital (kbiz): Business capital per worker; Infrastructure capital stock (kinf): Capital stock in transport infrastructure per worker. Infrastructure endowment 1 (kinfsat): Transport infrastructure endowment weighted by population and surface area in relation to the best endowed region. Infrastructure endowment 2 (kinfarea): Infrastructure endowment per km2 in relation to the annual national total per square km. EU funding for transport infrastructure (euinfp): ERDF, CF and national funding investments in regional transport infrastucture as % of GDP. The remaining variables correspond to logarithmic transformations (lny, lnkbiz, lnkinf, lnkinfsat, lnkinfarea) or time lags (rd_1t, euf_1t, kbizeuf_1t, leuf_1t). 

Missing data codes: None.

Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: None.
