Republic of India
Bhārat Gaṇarājya
(see other local names)
Horizontal tricolour flag bearing, from top to bottom, deep saffron, white, and green horizontal bands. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel with 24 spokes.
Flag
Three lions facing left, right, and toward viewer, atop a frieze containing a galloping horse, a 24-spoke wheel, and an elephant. Underneath is a motto: "सत्यमेव जयते".
State emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"
Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana"
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"
National song
"Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"
Image of a globe centred on India, with India highlighted.
Area controlled by India shown in dark green; regions claimed but not controlled shown in light green
CapitalNew Delhi
28°36′50″N 77°12′30″E / 28.61389°N 77.20833°E / 28.61389; 77.20833
Largest city
  • Mumbai (city proper)
  • Delhi (metropolitan area)
Official languages
  • Hindi
  • English
Recognised national languagesNone
Recognised regional languages
State level and Eighth Schedule
    • Assamese
    • Bengali
    • Bodo
    • Dogri
    • Gujarati
    • Hindi
    • Kannada
    • Kashmiri
    • Kokborok
    • Konkani
    • Maithili
    • Malayalam
    • Manipuri
    • Marathi
    • Mizo
    • Nepali
    • Odia
    • Punjabi
    • Sanskrit
    • Santali
    • Sindhi
    • Tamil
    • Telugu
    • Urdu
Native languages447 languages
Religion
(2011)
  • 79.8% Hinduism
  • 14.2% Islam
  • 2.3% Christianity
  • 1.7% Sikhism
  • 0.7% Buddhism
  • 0.4% Jainism
  • 0.23% Unaffiliated
  • 0.65% Others
Demonym(s)Indian
Membership
  • UN
  • Commonwealth of Nations
  • WTO
  • BRICS
  • SAARC
  • SCO
  • G4 nations
  • Group of Five
  • G8+5
  • G20
GovernmentFederal parliamentary republic
• President
Ram Nath Kovind
• Vice President
Venkaiah Naidu
• Prime Minister
Narendra Modi
• Chief Justice
N. V. Ramana
• Lok Sabha Speaker
Om Birla
LegislatureParliament
• Upper house
Rajya Sabha
• Lower house
Lok Sabha
Independence 
from the United Kingdom
• Dominion
15 August 1947
• Republic
26 January 1950
Area
• Total
3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi) (7th)
• Water (%)
9.6
Population
• 2018 estimate
Neutral increase 1,352,642,280 (2nd)
• 2011 census
1,210,854,977 (2nd)
• Density
413.8/km2 (1,071.7/sq mi) (19th)
GDP (PPP)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $10.207 trillion (3rd)
• Per capita
Increase $7,333 (122nd)
GDP (nominal)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $3.050 trillion (6th)
• Per capita
Increase $2,191 (145th)
Gini (2011)35.7
medium · 98th
HDI (2019)Increase 0.645
medium · 131st
CurrencyIndian rupee (₹) (INR)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
DST is not observed
Date format
  • dd-mm-yyyy
Mains electricity230 V–50 Hz
Driving sideleft
Calling code+91
ISO 3166 codeIN
Internet TLD.in (others)
Preceded by
Dominion of India