Mars ♂
Mars appears as a red-orange globe with darker blotches and white icecaps visible on both of its poles.
Pictured in natural color in 2007
Designations
Pronunciation/ˈmɑːrz/(About this soundlisten)
AdjectivesMartian/ˈmɑːrʃən/
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Aphelion249200000 km
(154800000 mi; 1.666 AU)
Perihelion206700000 km
(128400000 mi; 1.382 AU)
Semi-major axis
227939200 km
(141634900 mi;1.523679 AU)
Eccentricity0.0934
Orbital period
686.980 d
(1.88085 yr;668.5991 sols)
Synodic period
779.96 d
(2.1354 yr)
Average orbital speed
24.007 km/s
(86430 km/h;53700 mph)
Mean anomaly
19.412°
Inclination
  • 1.850°to ecliptic;
  • 5.65°the Sun's equator;
  • 1.63°to invariable plane
Longitude of ascending node
49.558°
Time of perihelion
2022-Jun-21
Argument of perihelion
286.502°
Satellites2
Physical characteristics
Mean radius
3389.5 ± 0.2 km 
(2106.1 ± 0.1 mi)
Equatorial radius
3396.2 ± 0.1 km 
(2110.3 ± 0.1 mi; 0.533 Earths)
Polar radius
3376.2 ± 0.1 km 
(2097.9 ± 0.1 mi; 0.531 Earths)
Flattening0.00589±0.00015
Surface area
144.37×106 km2
(5.574×107 sq mi; 0.284 Earths)
Volume1.63118×1011 km3
(0.151 Earths)
Mass6.4171×1023 kg
(0.107 Earths)
Mean density
3.9335 g/cm3
(0.1421 lb/cu in)
Surface gravity
3.72076 m/s2
(12.2072 ft/s2; 0.3794 g)
Moment of inertia factor
0.3644±0.0005
Escape velocity
5.027 km/s
(18100 km/h;11250 mph)
Rotation period
1.02749125 d
24h39m36s(synodic; solar day)
Sidereal rotation period
1.025957 d
24h37m22.7s
Equatorial rotation velocity
241.17 m/s
(868.22 km/h; 539.49 mph)
Axial tilt
25.19°to its orbital plane
North poleright ascension
317.68143°
21h10m44s
North pole declination
52.88650°
Albedo
  • 0.170 geometric
  • 0.25 Bond
Surface temp.minmeanmax
Kelvin130 K210 K308 K
Celsius−143 °C−63 °C35 °C
Fahrenheit−226 °F−82 °F95 °F
Surface absorbed dose rate8.8 μGy/h
Surface equivalent dose rate27 μSv/h
Apparent magnitude
−2.94 to +1.86
Angular diameter
3.5–25.1″
Atmosphere
Surface pressure
0.636 (0.4–0.87) kPa
0.00628 atm
Composition by volume
  • 95.97% carbon dioxide
  • 1.93% argon
  • 1.89% nitrogen
  • 0.146% oxygen
  • 0.0557% carbon monoxide
  • 0.0210% water vapor
  • 0.0100% nitrogen oxide
  • 0.00025% neon
  • 0.00008% hydrogen deuterium oxide
  • 0.00003% krypton
  • 0.00001% xenon