Economy ofJapan
Skyscrapers of Shinjuku 2009 January.jpg
Tokyo, the financial center of Japan
CurrencyJapanese yen (JPY, ¥)
Fiscal year
1 April – 31 March
Trade organizations
APEC, WTO, CPTPP, OECD, G-20, G7 and others
Country group
  • Developed/Advanced
  • High-income economy
Statistics
PopulationDecrease 125.88 million (1 October 2020 prov. est.)
GDP
  • Increase $5.39 trillion (nominal; 2021 est.)
  • Increase $5.59 trillion (PPP; 2021 est.)
GDP rank
  • 3rd (nominal, 2021)
  • 4th (PPP, 2021)
GDP growth
  • –4.6% (2020) 1.7% (2021e)
  • 1.7% (2022f)1.3% (2023f)
GDP per capita
  • Increase $42,928 (nominal, 2021 est.)
  • Increase $44,585 (PPP, 2021 est.)
GDP per capita rank
  • 32nd (nominal, 2021)
  • 43rd (PPP, 2021)
GDP by sector
  • Agriculture: 1.1%
  • Industry: 30.1%
  • Services: 68.7%
  • (2017 est.)
GDP by component
  • Household consumption: 55.5%
  • Government consumption: 19.6%
  • Investment in fixed capital: 24%
  • Investment in inventories: 0%
  • Exports of goods and services: 17.7%
  • Imports of goods and services: −16.8%
  • (2017 est.)
Inflation (CPI)
−0.1% (2020 est.)
Population belowpoverty line
  • 5.5% (2020)
  • 0.7% on less than $1.90/day (2013)
  • 0.9% on less than $3.20/day (2013)
  • 1.2% on less than $5.50/day (2013)
Gini coefficient
33.9medium(2015)
Human Development Index
  • Increase 0.919very high(2019) (19th)
  • Increase 0.843very highIHDI (2019)
Labor force
  • Increase 68.7 million (August 2020)
  • Increase 60.3% employment rate (August 2020)
Labor force by occupation
  • Agriculture: 3%
  • Industry: 25%
  • Services: 72%
  • (FY 2018)
Unemployment
  • Negative increase 3.0% (August 2020)
  • Positive decrease 4.7% youth unemployment (15 to 24 year-olds; August 2020)
  • Negative increase 2.1 million unemployed (August 2020)
Main industries
  • Motor vehicles
  • Electronics
  • machine tools
  • steel
  • nonferrous metals
  • ships
  • chemicals
  • textiles
  • processed foods
Ease-of-doing-business rank
Increase 29th (very easy, 2020)
External
ExportsIncrease $728.931 billion (2021)
Export goods
  • Transport Equipment 21.0%
  • Machinery 19.9%
  • Electrical Machinery 18.7%
  • Chemicals 12.4%
  • Manufactured Goods 10.4%
  • Raw Materials 1.7%
  • Foodstuff 1.3%
  • Mineral Fuels 0.8%
  • Others 13.8%
Main export partners
  •  China Increase 22.1%
  •  United States Decrease18.4%
  •  ASEAN Decrease 14.4%
  •  European Union Decrease9.2%
  •  South Korea Decrease7.0%
  •  Taiwan Increase 6.9%
  •  Hong Kong Decrease5.0%
  •  Australia Decrease1.9%
  • Others 15.1%
ImportsIncrease $742.094 billion (2021)
Import goods
  • Electrical Machinery 17.6%
  • Mineral Fuels 16.6%
  • Machinery 10.5%
  • Foodstuff 9.9%
  • Chemicals 9.9%
  • Manufactured Goods 9.3%
  • Raw Materials 6.9%
  • Transport Equipment 5.0%
  • Others 14.4%
Main import partners
  •  China Decrease 25.8%
  •  ASEAN Decrease 15.7%
  •  European Union Decrease11.4%
  •  United States Decrease11.0%
  •  Australia Decrease5.6%
  •  South Korea Decrease4.2%
  •  Taiwan Decrease 4.2%
  •  Saudi Arabia Decrease2.9%
  • Others 19.2%
FDI stock
  • Increase $310.31 billion (December 2019)
  • Increase Abroad: $1.858 trillion (December 2019)
Current account
Decrease − $13.156 billion (2021)
Grossexternal debt
$4.700 trillion (September 2020 est.)
Public finances
Public debt
Negative increase 237.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
Budget balance
−3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Revenues1.714 trillion (2017 est.)
Expenses1.885 trillion (2017 est.)
Economic aiddonor: ODA, $10.37 billion (2016)
Credit rating
  • Standard & Poor's:
  • A+ (Domestic)
  • A+ (Foreign)
  • AA+ (T&C Assessment)
  • Outlook: Stable
  • Moody's:
  • A1
  • Outlook: Stable
  • Fitch:
  • A
  • Outlook: Stable
  • Scope:
  • A
  • Outlook: Negative
Foreign reserves
Decrease $1.389 trillion (October 2020)
Main data source:CIA World Fact Book
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.