Albert Einstein
Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg
Einstein in 1921, by Ferdinand Schmutzer
Born(1879-03-14)14 March 1879
Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire
Died18 April 1955(1955-04-18) (aged 76)
Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.
Citizenship
  • Kingdom of Württemberg, part of the German Empire (1879–1896)
  • Stateless (1896–1901)
  • Switzerland (1901–1955)
  • Austria, part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1911–1912)
  • Kingdom of Prussia, part of the German Empire (1914–1918)
  • Free State of Prussia (Weimar Republic, 1918–1933)
  • United States (1940–1955)
Education
  • Federal polytechnic school in Zurich (Federal teaching diploma, 1900)
  • University of Zurich (PhD, 1905)
Known for
  • General relativity
  • Special relativity
  • Photoelectric effect
  • E=mc2 (Mass–energy equivalence)
  • E=hf (Planck–Einstein relation)
  • Theory of Brownian motion
  • Einstein field equations
  • Bose–Einstein statistics
  • Bose–Einstein condensate
  • Gravitational wave
  • Cosmological constant
  • Unified field theory
  • EPR paradox
  • Ensemble interpretation
  • List of other concepts
Spouse(s)
Mileva Marić
(m. 1903; div. 1919)
Elsa Löwenthal
(m. 1919; died 1936)
Children
  • "Lieserl" Einstein
  • Hans Albert Einstein
  • Eduard "Tete" Einstein
Awards
  • Barnard Medal (1920)
  • Nobel Prize in Physics (1921)
  • Matteucci Medal (1921)
  • ForMemRS (1921)
  • Copley Medal (1925)
  • Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926)
  • Max Planck Medal (1929)
  • Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1942)
  • Time Person of the Century (1999)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics, philosophy
Institutions
  • Swiss Patent Office (Bern) (1902–1909)
  • University of Bern (1908–1909)
  • University of Zurich (1909–1911)
  • Charles University in Prague (1911–1912)
  • ETH Zurich (1912–1914)
  • Prussian Academy of Sciences (1914–1933)
  • Humboldt University of Berlin (1914–1933)
  • Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (director, 1917–1933)
  • German Physical Society (president, 1916–1918)
  • Leiden University (visits, 1920)
  • Institute for Advanced Study (1933–1955)
  • Caltech (visits, 1931–1933)
  • University of Oxford (visits, 1931–1933)
ThesisEine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen (A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions) (1905)
Doctoral advisorAlfred Kleiner
Other academic advisorsHeinrich Friedrich Weber
Influences
  • Arthur Schopenhauer
  • Baruch Spinoza
  • Bernhard Riemann
  • David Hume
  • Ernst Mach
  • Hendrik Lorentz
  • Hermann Minkowski
  • Isaac Newton
  • James Clerk Maxwell
  • Michele Besso
  • Moritz Schlick
  • Thomas Young
  • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Influenced
  • Virtually all modern physicists
Signature
Albert Einstein signature 1934.svg