 Pictured in natural color in 2007 |
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Pronunciation | |
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Adjectives | Martian |
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Epoch J2000 |
Aphelion | 249200000 km (154800000 mi; 1.666 AU) |
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Perihelion | 206700000 km (128400000 mi; 1.382 AU) |
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Semi-major axis | 227939200 km (141634900 mi;1.523679 AU) |
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Eccentricity | 0.0934 |
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Orbital period | 686.980 d (1.88085 yr;668.5991 sols) |
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Synodic period | 779.96 d (2.1354 yr) |
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Average orbital speed | 24.007 km/s (86430 km/h;53700 mph) |
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Mean anomaly | 19.412° |
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Inclination | - 1.850°to ecliptic;
- 5.65°the Sun's equator;
- 1.63°to invariable plane
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Longitude of ascending node | 49.558° |
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Time of perihelion | 2022-Jun-21 |
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Argument of perihelion | 286.502° |
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Satellites | 2 |
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Mean radius | 3389.5 ± 0.2 km (2106.1 ± 0.1 mi) |
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Equatorial radius | 3396.2 ± 0.1 km (2110.3 ± 0.1 mi; 0.533 Earths) |
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Polar radius | 3376.2 ± 0.1 km (2097.9 ± 0.1 mi; 0.531 Earths) |
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Flattening | 0.00589±0.00015 |
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Surface area | 144.37×106 km2 (5.574×107 sq mi; 0.284 Earths) |
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Volume | 1.63118×1011 km3 (0.151 Earths) |
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Mass | 6.4171×1023 kg (0.107 Earths) |
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Mean density | 3.9335 g/cm3 (0.1421 lb/cu in) |
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Surface gravity | 3.72076 m/s2 (12.2072 ft/s2; 0.3794 g) |
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Moment of inertia factor | 0.3644±0.0005 |
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Escape velocity | 5.027 km/s (18100 km/h;11250 mph) |
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Rotation period | 1.02749125 d 24h39m36s(synodic; solar day) |
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Sidereal rotation period | 1.025957 d 24h37m22.7s |
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Equatorial rotation velocity | 241.17 m/s (868.22 km/h; 539.49 mph) |
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Axial tilt | 25.19°to its orbital plane |
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North poleright ascension | 317.68143° 21h10m44s |
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North pole declination | 52.88650° |
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Albedo | |
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Surface temp. | min | mean | max |
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Kelvin | 130 K | 210 K | 308 K |
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Celsius | −143 °C | −63 °C | 35 °C |
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Fahrenheit | −226 °F | −82 °F | 95 °F |
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Surface absorbed dose rate | 8.8 μGy/h |
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Surface equivalent dose rate | 27 μSv/h |
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Apparent magnitude | −2.94 to +1.86 |
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Angular diameter | 3.5–25.1″ |
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Surface pressure | 0.636 (0.4–0.87) kPa 0.00628 atm |
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Composition by volume | - 95.97% carbon dioxide
- 1.93% argon
- 1.89% nitrogen
- 0.146% oxygen
- 0.0557% carbon monoxide
- 0.0210% water vapor
- 0.0100% nitrogen oxide
- 0.00025% neon
- 0.00008% hydrogen deuterium oxide
- 0.00003% krypton
- 0.00001% xenon
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