Mamluk Sultanate
سلطنة المماليك  (Arabic)
Salṭanat al-Mamālīk (Mamluk Sultanate)
دولة الأتراك‎  (Arabic)
Dawlat al-Atrāk (Turkic State)
دولة الجراكسة  (Arabic)
Dawlat al-Jarākisa (Circassian State)
1250–1517
Flag of Mamluk Sultanate
Mamluk Flag.jpeg
Flags according to theCatalan Atlasof c. 1375
Attributed arms of the Mamluk Sultan
Attributed arms of the Mamluk Sultan
(by Mecia de Viladestes map, 1413)
Extent of the Mamluk Sultanate under Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad
Extent of the Mamluk Sultanate under Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad
CapitalCairo
Common languages
  • Arabic
  • Mamluk-Kipchak language
  • Circassian
  • Oghuz Turkic
  • Coptic Egyptian
  • Aramaic
Religion
  • Sunni Islam (official religion)
  • Shia Islam (Minority)
  • Alawite (Minority)
  • Christian (Minority)
  • Jews (Minority)
GovernmentSultanate under ceremonialCaliphate
Caliph 
• 1261
Al-Mustansir (first)
• 1262–1302
Al-Hakim I
• 1406–1414
Abū al-Faḍl Al-Musta'in
• 1508–1516
Al-Mutawakkil III (last)
Sultan 
• 1250
Shajar ad-Durr (first)
• 1250–1257
Izz al-Din Aybak
• 1260–1277
Baibars
• 1516–1517
Tuman bay II (last)
History 
• Murder of Turanshah
2 May 1250
• Second Ottoman–Mamluk War
22 January 1517
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Abbasid Caliphate
Ayyubid dynasty
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Principality of Antioch
County of Tripoli
Makuria
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Tahirids (Yemen)
Ottoman Empire