 Tornimäe business area in Tallinn |
Currency | Euro (EUR, €) |
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Fiscal year | Calendar year |
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Trade organisations | EU, WTO and OECD |
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Country group | - Developed/Advanced
- High-income economy
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Population | 1,330,068 (1 January 2021) |
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GDP | $35.187 billion (nominal, 2022 est.) $49.644 billion (PPP, 2022 est.)
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GDP rank | - 97th (nominal, 2019)
- 112th (PPP, 2020)
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GDP growth | - 4.3% (2018) 5.0% (2019)
- −5.2% (2020e) 9.5% (2021e)
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GDP per capita | $27,971 (nominal, 2022 est.) $44,778 (PPP, 2022 est.)
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GDP per capita rank | - 40th (nominal, 2019)
- 49th (PPP, 2019)
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GDP by sector | - agriculture: 2.8%
- industry: 29.2%
- services: 68.1%
- (2017 est.)
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Inflation (CPI) | - 0.2% (2020 est.)
- 2.3% (2019)
- 3.4% (2018)
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Population belowpoverty line | - 21.1% – income below €468/month (2016)
24.3% at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE, 2019)
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Gini coefficient | 30.5medium(2019, Eurostat) |
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Human Development Index | 0.892very high(2019) (29th) 0.829very highIHDI (2019)
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Labour force | 693,759 (2019) 79.5% employment rate (Target: 76%; 2018)
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Labour force by occupation | - agriculture: 2.7%
- industry: 20.5%
- services: 76.8%
- (2017 est.)
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Unemployment | 7.8% (July 2020) 23.2% youth unemployment (15 to 24 year-olds; June 2020)
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Average gross salary | €1,756 / $1870.29 Monthly (December, 2021) |
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Average net salary | €1,233.37 / $1,480 monthly (Q4, 2020) |
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Main industries | engineering, electronics, wood and articles of wood, textiles, information technology, telecommunications |
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Ease-of-doing-business rank | 18th (very easy, 2020) |
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Exports | €14.4 billion (2018) |
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Export goods | Electrical equipment, wood and articles of wood, mineral products, agriculture products, mechanical appliances |
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Main export partners | Finland(+) 16% Sweden(+) 11% Latvia(+) 10% Russia(+) 8% Germany(+) 6%- Others 51%
- (2018)
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Imports | €16.2 billion (2018) |
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Import goods | Electrical equipment, transport equipment, agricultural products, mineral products, mechanical appliances |
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Main import partners | Finland(+) 13% Germany(+) 10% Lithuania(+) 10% Sweden(+) 9% Russia(+) 9%- Others 50%
- (2018)
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FDI stock | $27.05 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Abroad: $10.96 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
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Current account | $809 million (2017 est.) |
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Grossexternal debt | $19.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.) |
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Public debt | 8.4% of GDP (2019) €2.4 billion (2019)
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Budget balance | - €90 million deficit (2019)
- −0.3% of GDP (2019)
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Revenues | 38.7% of GDP (2019) |
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Expenses | 39.0% of GDP (2019) |
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Economic aid | donor: ODA, €40.3 million (2016) |
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Credit rating | - Standard & Poor's: AA-
- Fitch Ratings: A+
- Moody's: A1
- Scope: AA-
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Foreign reserves | $345 million (31 December 2017 est.) |
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All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.
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