Russian Empire Российская Империя (modern Russian) Россійская Имперія (pre-1918 spelling) Rossiyskaya Imperiya | |||||||||||
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1721–1917 | |||||||||||
![]() Flag (1721–1858; 1896–1917) ![]() Coat of arms (1883–1917) | |||||||||||
Motto: "Съ нами Богъ!" S nami Bog!("God is with us!") | |||||||||||
Anthem: "Гром победы, раздавайся!" Grom pobedy, razdavaysia!(1791–1816) ("Let the Thunder of Victory Rumble!") (unofficial) "Коль славен наш Господь в Сионе" Kol' slaven nash Gospod' v Sione(1794–1816) ("How Glorious Is Our Lord in Zion") (unofficial)"Молитва русских" Molitva russkikh(1816–1833) ("The Prayer of Russians")"Боже, Царя храни!" Bozhe Tsarya khrani!(1833–1917) ("God Save the Tsar!") | |||||||||||
Greater coat of arms (1882–1917):![]() | |||||||||||
![]() ![]() Russian Empire in 1914 Territories lost in 1856–1914 Spheres of influence Protectorates (1829–1856) | |||||||||||
Capital | Saint Petersburg (1721–1728; 1730–1917) Moscow (1728–1730) | ||||||||||
Largest city | Saint Petersburg | ||||||||||
Official languages | Russian | ||||||||||
Recognised languages | Polish, German (in Baltic provinces), Finnish, Swedish, Ukrainian, Chinese (in Dalian) | ||||||||||
Religion | Majority: 71.10% Orthodox (official) Minorities: 11.07% Muslim 9.16% Catholic 4.16% Jewish 3.00% Protestant 0.94% Armenian 0.56% other | ||||||||||
Government | Unitary absolute monarchy (1721–1906) Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy (1906–1917) | ||||||||||
Emperor | |||||||||||
• 1721–1725 (first) | Peter I | ||||||||||
• 1894–1917 (last) | Nicholas II | ||||||||||
Head of government | |||||||||||
• 1810–1812 (first) | Nikolai Rumyantsev | ||||||||||
• 1917 (last) | Nikolai Golitsyn | ||||||||||
Legislature | Governing Senate | ||||||||||
• Upper house | State Council (1810–1917) | ||||||||||
• Lower house | State Duma (1905–1917) | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
• Treaty of Nystad | 10 September 1721 | ||||||||||
• Proclaimed | 2 November 1721 | ||||||||||
• Table of Ranks | 4 February 1722 | ||||||||||
• Decembrist revolt | 26 December 1825 | ||||||||||
• Emancipation reform | 3 March 1861 | ||||||||||
• Selling of Alaska | 18 October 1867 | ||||||||||
• 1905 Revolution | January 1905 – July 1907 | ||||||||||
• October Manifesto | 30 October 1905 | ||||||||||
• Constitution adopted | 6 May 1906 | ||||||||||
• February Revolution | 8–16 March 1917 | ||||||||||
• Republic proclaimed | 14 September 1917 | ||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||
• Total | 22,800,000 km2(8,800,000 sq mi) (3rd[d]) | ||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||
• 1914 estimate | 164,000,000 (3rd) | ||||||||||
• 1897 | 125,640,021 | ||||||||||
GDP (PPP) | 1900–1917 estimate | ||||||||||
• Total | 106.299 billion (6th) | ||||||||||
Currency | Russian ruble | ||||||||||
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