Sublime Ottoman State
دولت عليه عثمانیه
Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿOsmānīye
1299–1922
Flag of Ottoman Empire
Flag
(1844–1922)
Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire (1882–1922).svg
Coat of arms
(1882–1922)
Motto: دولت ابد مدت
Devlet-i Ebed-müddet
("The Eternal State")
Anthem: various
The Ottoman Empire in 1683
The Ottoman Empire in 1683
StatusEmpire
Capital
  • Söğüt
  • (c.1299–1331)
  • Nicaea (İznik)
  • (1331–1335)
  • Bursa
  • (1335–1363)
  • Adrianople (Edirne)
  • (1363–1453)
  • Constantinople(present-day Istanbul)
  • (1453–1922)
Common languages
  • Ottoman Turkish (dynastic, official)
  • Persian (diplomacy, poetry, historiographical works, literary works, taught in state schools)
  • Arabic (liturgical language; among Arabic-speaking citizens)
  • Greek (some of the sultans and among Greek-speaking community)
  • Chagatai (decrees in the 15th century)
  • French (Foreign language among educated people inpost-Tanzimat/the late empire)
  • many others
Religion
  • Sunni Islam (state)
  • School: Hanafi
  • Creed: Maturidi
Demonym(s)Ottoman
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy (1299–1876;
1878–1908; 1920–1922) and
caliphate (1517–1924)

Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
(1876–1878; 1908–1920)

  • under an authoritarian one-party military dictatorship
    (1913–1918)
Sultan 
• c. 1299–1323/1324 (first)
Osman I
• 1918–1922 (last)
Mehmed VI
Caliph 
• 1517–1520 (first)
Selim I
• 1922–1924 (last)
Abdulmejid II
Grand Vizier 
• 1320–1331 (first)
Alaeddin Pasha
• 1920–1922 (last)
Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
LegislatureImperial Council
(until 1876; 1878–1908)
General Assembly
(1876–1878; 1908–1920)
None, rule by decree
(1920–1922)
• Unelected upper house
Chamber of Notables
(1876–1878; 1908–1920)
• Elected lower house
Chamber of Deputies
(1876–1878; 1908–1920)
History 
• Founded
c. 1299
• Interregnum
1402–1413
• Transformation to empire
1453
• 1st Constitutional
1876–1878
• 2nd Constitutional
1908–1920
• Raid on the Sublime Porte
23 January 1913
• Sultanate abolished
1 November 1922
• Republic of Turkey established
29 October 1923
• Caliphate abolished
3 March 1924
Area
1451690,000 km2(270,000 sq mi)
15213,400,000 km2(1,300,000 sq mi)
16835,200,000 km2(2,000,000 sq mi)
18442,938,365 km2(1,134,509 sq mi)
Population
• 1912
24,000,000
CurrencyVarious: Akçe, Para, Sultani, Kuruş, Lira
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Sultanate of Rum
Anatolian beyliks
Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of Bosnia
Second Bulgarian Empire
Serbian Despotate
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia
League of Lezhë
Mamluk Sultanate
Hafsid Kingdom
Aq Qoyunlu
Hospitaller Tripoli
Kingdom of Tlemcen
Empire of Trebizond
Principality of Samtskhe
Despotate of the Morea
Zeta
Principality of Theodoro
Turkey
Hellenic Republic
Caucasus Viceroyalty
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Revolutionary Serbia
Albania
Kingdom of Romania
Principality of Bulgaria
Eastern Rumelia
Emirate of Asir
Kingdom of Hejaz
OETA
Mandatory Iraq
French Algeria
British Cyprus
French Tunisia
Italian Tripolitania
Italian Cyrenaica
Sheikhdom of Kuwait
Kingdom of Yemen
Sultanate of Egypt