Mughal Empire
1526–1857
Mughal
The empire at its greatest extent inc. 1700under Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707)
StatusEmpire
Capital
  • Agra (1526–1530; 1560–1571; 1598–1648)
  • Kabul (summer capital 1526–1681))
  • Delhi (1530–1540; 1554–1556; 1639–1857)
  • Lahore (1540–1554; 1586–1598)
  • Fatehpur Sikri (1571–1585)
Common languages
  • Persian (official and court language)
  • Urdu (language of the ruling classes, later given official status)
  • Hindavi (lingua franca)
  • Arabic (for religious ceremonies)
  • Chagatai Turkic (only initially)
  • Other South Asian languages
Religion
State religion:
  • Sunni Islam (Hanafi)
  • Din-i Ilahi (1582–1605)
GovernmentUnitary absolute monarchy under a federal structure
  • Centralized autocracy(1526–1719)
  • Oligarchic constitutional monarchy (1719–1857)
Emperor (Padshah) 
• 1526–1530
Babur (first)
• 1837–1857
Bahadur Shah II (last)
Historical eraEarly modern
• First Battle of Panipat
21 April 1526
• Empire interrupted by Sur Empire
1540–1555
• Second Battle of Panipat
5 November 1556
• Mughal-Rajput Wars
1526-1750
• Mughal–Maratha Wars
1680–1707
• Death of Aurangzeb
3 March 1707
• Battle of Karnal
24 February 1739
• Carnatic Wars
1746–1763
• Battle of Plassey
1757
• Bengal War
1759–1765
• Third Battle of Panipat
14 January 1761
• Siege of Delhi
8 June–21 September 1857
Area
16904,000,000 km2(1,500,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1700
158,400,000
CurrencyRupee, Taka, dam
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Timurid Empire
Delhi Sultanate
Sur Empire
Bengal Sultanate
Rajput states
Chero dynasty
Deccan sultanates
Maratha Empire
Bengal Subah
Durrani Empire
Sikh Empire
Bharatpur State
Hyderabad State
Kingdom of Rohilkhand
Company rule in India
British Raj