Pioneer 6,7,8, and9
Pioneer-6-9.jpg
Artist's conception of thePioneer 69spacecraft.
Mission typeInterplanetary space
OperatorNASA
COSPAR ID
  • 1965-105A (Pioneer 6)
  • 1966-075A (Pioneer 7)
  • 1967-123A (Pioneer 8)
  • 1968-100A (Pioneer 9)
Spacecraft properties
ManufacturerTRW
Launch mass
  • 146 kg (Pioneer 6)
  • 138 kg (Pioneer 7)
  • 146 kg (Pioneer 8)
  • 147 kg (Pioneer 9)
Power79 W
Start of mission
Launch date
  • Pioneer 6: December 16, 1965, 07:31:00 (1965-12-16UTC07:31Z) UTC
  • Pioneer 7: August 17, 1966, 15:20:00 (1966-08-17UTC15:20Z) UTC
  • Pioneer 8: December 13, 1967, 14:08:00 (1967-12-13UTC14:08Z) UTC
  • Pioneer 9: November 8, 1968, 09:46:00 (1968-11-08UTC09:46Z) UTC
RocketDelta-E
Launch siteCape Canaveral, LC-17A
Orbital parameters
Reference systemHeliocentric
Perihelion altitudebetween 0.75 to 1 AU
Aphelion altitudebetween 0.99 to 1.2 AU
Pioneer
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