Published September 9, 2025
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
A new species of flea-toad of the genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the cloud forests of Serra do Mar, southeastern Brazil
Creators
-
Nunes, Ivan1
-
Lyra, Mariana L.2
-
Machado, Thaynara M.3
-
Carrasco-Medina, Andres Santiago
-
Andrade, Felipe Silva De4
-
Haga, Isabelle Aquemi4
-
Botelho, Lucas M.5
-
Pedrozo, Mariana5
-
Velasco, Isabel G.1
-
Jacinavicius, Fernando De Castro6
-
Gray, Jaimi A.7
-
Blackburn, David C.8
-
Kohlsdorf, Tiana4
-
Muscat, Edélcio5
-
Toledo, L. Felipe9
- 1. Laboratório de Herpetologia (LHERP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Unesp, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Unesp, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 2. New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates; and CBioClima - Center for Research on Biodiversity Dynamics and Climate Change, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 3. Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Unicamp, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 4. Laboratório de Evolução e Biologia Integrativa (LEBI), Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 5. Projeto Dacnis. Estrada do Rio Escuro, 4754, Sertão das Cotias, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 6. Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 7. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida US & High-Resolution X-Ray CT Facility, University of Texas, Austin, USA.
- 8. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida US.
- 9. Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Unicamp, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Unicamp, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Description
Nunes, Ivan, Lyra, Mariana L., Machado, Thaynara M., Carrasco-Medina, Andres Santiago, Andrade, Felipe Silva De, Haga, Isabelle Aquemi, Botelho, Lucas M., Pedrozo, Mariana, Velasco, Isabel G., Jacinavicius, Fernando De Castro, Gray, Jaimi A., Blackburn, David C., Kohlsdorf, Tiana, Muscat, Edélcio, Toledo, L. Felipe (2025): A new species of flea-toad of the genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the cloud forests of Serra do Mar, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 5691 (2): 231-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.2.3
Files
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- URL
- https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/312584
- LSID
- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7F5EF807-28B2-424E-8B02-CAE094C9C6EB
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFEA9658B80AB2093C731E27FF9EFFC9
- URL
- http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFEA9658B80AB2093C731E27FF9EFFC9
References
- Almeida-Santos, M., Siqueira, C.C., Van Sluys, M. & Rocha, C.F.D. (2011) Ecology of the Brazilian flea frog Brachycephalus didactylus (Terrarana: Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology, 45, 251-255. https://doi.org/10.1670/10-015.1
- Almeida-Silva, D., Silva-Soares, T., Rodrigues, M.T. & Verdade, V.K. (2021) New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa, 5068(4), 517-532. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3
- Alves, A.C.R., Ribeiro, L.F., Haddad, C.F.B. & Reis, S.F. (2006) Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana state, Southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 62, 221-233. https://doi.org/10.1655/05-41.1
- Alves, A.C.R., Sawaya, R.J., Reis, S.F. & Haddad, C.F.B. (2009) New species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic rain forest in Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 43, 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511-43.2.212
- Bornschein, M.R., Ribeiro, L.F., Blackburn, D.C., Stanley, E.L. & Pie, M.R. (2016) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 4, e2629. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2629
- Bornschein, M.R., Ribeiro, L.F., Teixeira, L., Belmonte-Lopes, R., de Moraes, L.A., Correa, L., Mauricio, G.N., Nadaline, J. & Pie, M.R. (2021) A review of the diagnosis and geographical distribution of the recently described flea toad Brachycephalus sulfuratus in relation to B. hermogenesi (Anura: Brachycephalidae). PeerJ, 9, e10983. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10983
- Bouckaert, R., Vaughan, T.G., Barido-Sottani, J., Duchene, S., Fourment, M., Gavryushkina, A., Heled, J., Jones, G., Kuhnert, D., De Maio, N., Matschiner, M., Mendes, F.K., Muller, N.F., Ogilvie, H.A., du Plessis, L., Popinga, A., Rambaut, A., Rasmussen, D., Siveroni, I., Suchard, M.A., Wu, C.H., Xie, D., Zhang, C., Stadler, T. & Drummond, A.J. (2019) BEAST 2.5: An advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. Plos Computational Biology, 15 (4), e1006650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006650
- Ceron, K., Paula, T., Scheibler, P., Fadel, R.M., Guimaraes, C.S., Silva, L.A. & Santana, D.J. (2023) Trophic ecology of small to large hylids from an Amazonia-Cerrado transitional zone in Brazil. Food Webs, 36, e00295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00295
- Clemente-Carvalho, R.B.G., Giaretta, A.A., Condez, T.H., Haddad, C.F.B. & Reis, S.F. (2012) A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica, 68 (3), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00085.1
- Condez, T.H., Clemente-Carvalho, R.B.G., Haddad, C.F.B. & Reis, S.F. (2014) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica, 70 (1), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044
- Condez, T.H., Monteiro, J.P.C., Comitti, E.J., Garcia, P.C.A., Amaral, I.B. & Haddad, C.F.B. (2016) A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4083 (1), 40-56. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2
- Condez, T.H., Haddad, C.F.B. & Zamudio, K.R. (2021) Historical biogeography and multi-trait evolution in miniature toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 129 (3), 664-686. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200
- de Queiroz, K. (1998) The general lineage concept of species, species criteria, and the process of speciation and terminological recommendations. In: Howard, D.J. & Berlocher, S.H. (Eds.), Endless Forms: Species and Speciation. University Press, Oxford, pp. 57-75.
- de Queiroz, K. (2007) Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic Biology, 56 (6), 879-886. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701701083
- Dorigo, T.A., Siqueira, C.C., Vrcibradic, D., Maia-Carneiro, T., Almeida-Santos, M. & Rocha, C.F.D. (2012) Ecological aspects of the pumpkin toadlet, Brachycephalus garbeanus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Neobatrachia: Brachycephalidae), in a highland forest of southeastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 46 (39-40), 2497-2507. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.713525
- Feller, A.E. & Hedges, S.B. (1998) Molecular evidence for the early history of living amphibians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9, 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1998.0500
- Firkowski, C.R., Bornschein, M.R., Ribeiro, L.F. & Pie, M.R. (2016) Species delimitation, phylogeny and evolutionary demography of co-distributed, montane frogs in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 100, 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.023
- Folly, M., Amaral, L.C., Carvalho-E-Silva, S.P. & Pombal, J.P. (2020) Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions. Zootaxa, 4819 (2), 265- 294. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3
- Folly, M., Luna-Dias, C., Miguel, I.R., Ferreira, Jr, J.C., Machado, A., Lopes, R.T. & Pombal, J.P., Jr. (2021) Tiny steps towards greater knowledge: An osteological review with novel data on the Atlantic Forest toadlet of the Brachycephalus ephippium species group. Acta Zoologica, 104, 71-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12398
- Folly, M., Costa, B.B., Carmo, L.F., Martins, A. & Pombal, J.P., Jr. (2022) Untangling the morphological contradiction: First ontogenetic description of the post-hatching skeleton of the direct-developing frog Brachycephalus garbeanus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae) with comments on the genus miniaturization. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 298 (2), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.02.005
- Folly, M., Condez, T.H., Vrcibradic, D., Rocha, C.F.D., Machado, A.S., Lopes, R.T. & Pombal, J.P., Jr. (2024) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the northern portion of the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology. Senckenberg, 74, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e103573
- Fontoura, P.L., Ribeiro, L.F. & Pie, M.R. (2011) Diet of Brachycephalus brunneus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) in the Atlantic rainforest of Parana, southern Brazil. Zoologia, 28 (5), 687-68. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702011000500019
- Fouquet, A., Vences, M., Salducci, M.D., Meyer, A., Marty, C., Blanc, M. & Gilles, A. (2007) Revealing cryptic diversity using molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography in frogs of the Scinax ruber and Rhinella margaritifera species groups. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 567-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.006
- Frost, D.R. (2024) Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference. Version 6.2. 6 February 2025. American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York. Available from: https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php (accessed 28 July 2025) https://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001
- Garey, M., Provete, D., Martins, I., Haddad, C.F.B. & Rossa-Feres, D. (2014) Anurans from the Serra da Bocaina National Park and surrounding buffer area, southeastern Brazil. Check List, 10 (2), 308-316. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.2.308
- Garey, M.V., Lima, A.M.X., Hartmann, M.T. & Haddad, C.F.B. (2012) A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from southern Brazil. Herpetologica, 68, 266-271. https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00074.1
- Giaretta, A.A. & Sawaya, R.J. (1998) Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia, 1998 (4), 985-987. https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345
- Guimaraes, C.S., Luz, S., Rocha, P.C. & Feio, R.N. (2017) The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4258 (4), 327-344. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2
- Guindon, S., Dufayard, J.F., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W. & Gascuel, O. (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the Performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology, 59 (3), 307- 321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010
- Haddad, C.F.B., Alves, A.C.R., Clemente-Carvalho, R.B.G. & Reis, S.F. (2010) A new species of Brachycephalus from the Atlantic rain forest in Sao Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia, 2010, 410- 420. https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-09-102
- Hedges, S.B. (1994) Molecular evidence for the origin of birds. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Science, 91, 2621- 2624. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.7.2621
- Heled, J. & Bouckaert, R.R. (2013) Looking for trees in the forest: summary tree from posterior samples. BMC Evol Biol, 13, 221. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-221
- Iuliis, G. & Pulera, D. (2006) The Dissection of Vertebrates. 2nd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California,812 pp.
- Izecksohn, E. (1971) Novo genero e nova especie de Brachycephalidae do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 280, 1-12.
- Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (4), 772-780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
- Kohlsdorf, T. & Wagner, G.P. (2006) Evidence for the reversibility of digit loss: a phylogenetic study of limb evolution in Bachia (Gymnophthalmidae: Squamata). Evolution, 60 (9), 1896-1912. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb00533.x
- Lefort, V., Longueville, J.E. & Gascuel, O. (2017) SMS: Smart Model Selection in PhyML. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34(9), 2422-2424. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx149
- Levy, D.L. & Heald, R. (2016) Biological Scaling Problems and Solutions in Amphibians. In: Heald, R., Hariharan, I.K. & Wake, D.B. (Eds), Additional Perspectives on Size Controlin Biology: From Organelles to Organisms. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Long Island, 8(1), pp. a019166. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a019166
- Lindquist, E.E., Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (2009) Chapter 8. Classification. In: Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (Eds.), A Manual of Acarology. 3rd Edition. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 97-103.
- Lyra, M.L., Haddad, C.F.B. & Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L. (2017) Meeting the challenge of DNA barcoding Neotropical amphibians: polymerase chain reaction optimization and new COI primers. Molecular Ecology Resources, 17 (5), 966-980. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12648
- Lyra, M.L., Monteiro, J.P.C., Rancilhac, L., Irisarri, I., Kunzel, S., Sanchez, E., Condez, T.H., Rojas-Padilla, O., Sole, M., Toledo, L.F., Haddad, C.F.B. & Vences, M. (2021) Initial phylotranscriptomic confirmation of homoplastic evolution of the conspicuous coloration and bufoniform morphology of pumpkin-toadlets in the genus Brachycephalus. Toxins, 13 (11), 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816
- Mangia, S., Santana, D.S., de Oliveira Drummond, L., Sabagh, L.T., Ugioni, L., Nogueira Costa, P. & Wachlevski, M. (2023) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Tabuleiro, Southern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 73, 575-597. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102098
- Monteiro, J.P.C., Condez, T.H., Garcia, P.C.A., Comitti, E.J., Amaral, I.B. & Haddad, C.F.B. (2018) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, Southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4407 (4), 483-505. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2
- Moroti, M.T., Soares, P.T., Pedrozo, M., Provete, D.B. & Santana, D.J. (2021) The effects of morphology, phylogeny and prey availability on trophic resource partitioning in an anuran community. Basic and Applied Ecology, 50, 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2020.11.005
- Napoli, M.F., Caramaschi, U., Cruz, C.A.G. & Dias, I.R. (2011) A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 2739 (1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3
- Nunes, I., Guimaraes, C.S., Moura, P.H.A.G., Pedrozo, M., Moroti, M.T., Castro, L.M., Stuginski, D.R. & Muscat, E. (2021) Hidden by the name: a new fluorescent pumpkin toadlet from the Brachycephalus ephippium group (Anura: Brachycephalidae). PLoS One, 16, e0244812. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244812
- Oliveira, E.G. & Haddad, C.F.B. (2015) Diet Seasonality and Feeding Preferences of Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology, 49, 252-256. https://doi.org/10.1670/13-211
- Oliveira E.G. & Haddad C.F.B. (2017) Activity, acoustic repertoire and social interactions of the Red Toadlet, Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Salamandra, 53, 501-506
- Padial, J.M., Aurelien, M., De La Riva, I. & Vences, M. (2010) Integrative future of taxonomy. Frontiers in Zoology, 7(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-7-16
- Padial, J.M., Grant, T. & Frost, D.R. (2014) Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria. Zootaxa, 3825 (1), 1-132. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1
- Palumbi, S.R., Martins, A., Romano, S., Mcmillan, W.O., Stice, L. & Grabawski, G. (1991) The Simple Fool'S Guide to PCR. Version 2.0. University of Hawaii, Honolulu. [program]
- Pie, M.R. & Ribeiro, L.F. (2015) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) fromthe Quiriri mountain range of southern Brazil. PeerJ, 3, e1179. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1179
- Pie, M.R., Ribeiro, L.F., Confetti, A.E., Nadaline, M.J. & Bornschein, M.R. (2018) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil. PeerJ, 6, e5683. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5683
- Pombal, J.P., Jr. (2001) A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Atlantic Rain Forest of southeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia, 22 (2), 179-185. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685380152030409
- Pombal, J.P., Jr. (2010) A posicao taxonomica das "variedades" de Brachycephalus ephippium (Spix, 1824) descritas por Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Serie, Zoologia, 526, 1-12.
- Pombal, J.P. & Gasparini, J.L. (2006) A new Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) From the Atlantic rainforest of Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 1 (2), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.2994/1808-9798(2006)1[87:ANBABF]2.0.CO;2
- Pombal, J.P., Jr. & Izecksohn, E. (2011) Uma nova especie de Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 51 (28), 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492011002800001
- Pombal, J.P., Jr., Wistuba, E.M. & Bornschein, M.R. (1998) A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (1), 70-74. https://doi.org/10.2307/1565481
- Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67 (5), 901-904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
- Reboucas, R., Carollo, A.B., Freitas, M.O., Lambertini, C., Santos, R.N.M. & Toledo, L.F. (2019) Is the conspicuous dorsal coloration of the Atlantic forest pumpkin toadlets aposematic? Salamandra, 55 (1), 39-47.
- Ribeiro, L.F., Alves, A., Haddad, C.F.B. & Reis, S.F. (2005) Two new species of Brachycephalus Gunther, 1985 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 519, 1-18.
- Ribeiro, L.F., Bornschein, M.R., Belmonte-Lopes, R., Firkowski, C.R., Morato, S.A.A. & Pie, M.R. (2015) Seven new microendemic species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil. PeerJ, 3, e1011. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1011
- Ribeiro, L.F., Blackburn, D.C., Stanley, E.L., Pie, M.R. & Bornschein, M.R. (2017) Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Parana, southern Brazil. PeerJ, 5, e3603. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3603
- Schulte, L.M., Ringler, E., Rojas, B. & Stynoski, J.L. (2020). Developments in amphibian parental care research: history,present advances, and future perspectives. Herpetol. Monogr. 34, 71-97. https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00002.1
- Sebben, A. (2007) Microdissecacao fisiologica a fresco: uma nova visao sobre a anatomia de anfibios e repteis. In: Nascimento, L.B. & Oliveira, M.E. (Eds.), Herpetologia no Brasil II. 1ed. Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia, Belo Horizonte, pp. 311-325.
- Simon, M.P. & Toft, C.A. (1991) Diet specialization in small vertebrates: mite-eating in frogs. Oikos, 61(2), 263-278. https://doi.org/10.2307/3545344
- Stecher, G., Tamura, K. & Kumar, S. (2020) Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) for macOS. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 37(4), 1237-1239. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz312
- Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38(7), 3022-3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
- Tapley, B., Michaels, C.J., Gumbs, R., Bohm, M., Luedtke, J., Pearce-Kelly, P. & Rowley, J.J.L. (2019) The disparity between species description and conservation assessment: a case study in taxa with high rates of species discovery. Biological Conservation, 220, 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.022.
- Timothy, J.G. & Oseto, C. (2020) Chapter 4 - Classification of insects and mites. In: Timothy, J.G. & Oseto, C. (Eds.), Insect Collection and Identification. 2nd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp. 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816570-6.00004-6
- Thyssen, P.J. (2009) Keys for Identification of Immature Insects. In: Amendt, J., Goff, M., Campobasso, C. & Grassberger, M. (Eds.), Current Concepts in Forensic Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9684-6_2
- Toledo, L.F., Botelho, L.M., Carrasco-Medina, A.S., Gray, J.A., Ernetti, J.R., Gama, J.M., Lyra, M.L., Blackburn, D.C., Nunes, I. & Muscat, E. (2024) Among the world's smallest vertebrates: a new miniaturized flea-toad (Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic rainforest. PeerJ, 12, e18265. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18265
- Verdade, V.K, Rodrigues, M.T., Cassimiro, J., Pavan, D., Liou, N. & Lange, M.C. (2008) Advertisement Call, Vocal Activity, and Geographic Distribution of Brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta and Sawaya, 1998) (Anura, Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology, 42(3), 542-549. https://doi.org/10.1670/07-287.1
- Vieites, D.R., Wollenberg, K.C., Andreone, F., Kohler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, PNAS, 106 (20), 8267-8272. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810821106
- Wistuba, E.M. (1998) Historia Natural de Brachycephalus pernix Pombal Jr., Wistuba, Bornschein, 1998 (Anura) no Morro Anhangava, Municipio de Quatro Barras, Estado do Parana. Unpublished MSc Thesis UFPR, Curitiba. [unknown pagination]