Published June 23, 2025
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Cryptic radiation within the tadpole-carrying Guardian Frogs from Borneo, Limnonectes palavanensis and L. finchi (Anura: Dicroglossidae), with the description of eight new species
Description
Dehling, Maximilian, Neokleous, Dario N., Das, Indraneil, Grafe, Ulmar, Min, Pui Yong, Hertwig, Stefan T. (2025): Cryptic radiation within the tadpole-carrying Guardian Frogs from Borneo, Limnonectes palavanensis and L. finchi (Anura: Dicroglossidae), with the description of eight new species. Zootaxa 5650 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5650.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5650.1.1
Files
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- LSID
- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F8B8158B-26F9-4E1A-A1CF-A20A72F2D875
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:9E20E728FFE7FFCDFFA3FFC7FFF7FF8D
- URL
- http://publication.plazi.org/id/9E20E728FFE7FFCDFFA3FFC7FFF7FF8D
References
- Alcala, A.C. (1962) Breeding behavior and early development of frogs of Negros, Philippine Islands. Copeia, 1962, 679-726. https://doi.org/10.2307/1440671
- Alcala, A.C. & Brown, W.C. (1998) Philippine amphibians. An illustrated field guide. Bookmark, Makati City, 8 (v -xii) + 116 pp.
- Andersson, L.G. (1923) Some reptiles and batrachians from Central Borneo. Meddelelser fra det Zoologiske Museum, 7, 119- 125.
- Binaday, J.W.B. (2018) Observations on the nest of Woodworth's Frog Limnonectes woodworthi and predation of its eggs by ants. Southeast Asia Vertebrate Records, 2018, 40-43.
- Blackburn, D.C., Bickford, D.P., Diesmos, A.C., Iskandar, D.T. & Brown, R.M. (2010) An ancient origin for the enigmatic Flat- Headed Frogs (Bombinatoridae: Barbourula) from the islands of Southeast Asia. PlosOne, 5 (8), e12090. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012090
- Boettger, O. (1892) Listen von Kriechtieren und Lurchen aus dem tropischen Asien u. aus Papuasien. Bericht uber die Tatigkeit des Offenbacher Vereins fur Naturkunde, 32, 65-164.
- Boettger, O. (1893) Drei neue Wasserfrosche (Rana) von den Philippinen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 16, 363-366.
- Bossuyt, F. & Milinkovitch, M. (2000) Convergent adaptive radiations in Madagascan and Asian ranid frogs reveal covariation between larval and adult traits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97 (12), 6585-6590. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.12.6585
- Bouckaert, R. & Drummond, A.J. (2017) bModelTest: Bayesian phylogenetic site model averaging and model comparison. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17, 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0890-6
- Bouckaert, R., Vaughan, T.G., Barido-Sottani, J., Duchene, S., Fourment, M., Gavryushkina, A., Heled, J., Jones, G., Kuhnert, D., De Maio, N., Matschiner, M., Mendes, F.K., Muller, N.F., Ogilvie, H.A., du Plessis, L., Popinga, A., Rambaut, A., Rasmussen, D. & Siveroni, I. (2019) BEAST 2.5: An advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. PLOS Computational Biology, 15 (4), e1006650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006650
- Boulenger, G.A. (1894) On the herpetological fauna of Palawan and Balabac. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Series 6, 14 (80), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939408677772
- Boulenger, G.A. (1897) A catalogue of the reptiles and batrachians of Celebes, with special reference to the collections made by Drs. P. & F. Sarasin in 1893-1896. Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1897, 1897, 193-237.
- Boulenger, G.A. (1920) A monograph of the South Asian, Papuan, Melanesian and Australian frogs of the genus Rana. Records of the Indian Museum, 20, 1-226. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v20/i1/1920/163533
- Brown, R.M. & Iskandar, D.T. (2000) Nest site selection, larval hatching, and advertisement calls, of Rana arathooni from southwestern Sulawesi (Celebes) Island, Indonesia. Journal of Herpetology, 34, 404-413. https://doi.org/10.2307/1565364
- Brown, R.F., Su, Y.-C., Barger, B., Siler, C.D., Sanguila, M.B., Diesmos, A.C. & Blackburn, D.C. (2016) Phylogeny of the island archipelago frog genus Sanguirana: Another endemic Philippine radiation that diversified 'Out-of-Palawan'. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 94 (Part B), 531-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.010
- Caro, L.M., Caycedo-Rosales, P.C., Bowie, R.C., Slabbekorn, H. & Cadena, C.D. (2013) Ecological speciation along an elevational gradient in a tropical passerine bird? Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 26, 357-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12055
- Chan, K.O., Hertwig, S.T., Neokleous, D.N., Flury, J.M. & Brown, R.M. (2022) Widely used, short 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene fragments yield poor and erratic results in phylogenetic estimation and species delimitation of amphibians. BMC Ecology and Evolution, 22, 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-022-01994-y
- Che, J., Chen, H., Yang, J., Jin, J., Jiang, K., Yuan, Z., Murphy, R. & Zhang, Y. (2011) Universal COI primers for DNA barcoding amphibians. Molecular Ecology Resources, 12 (2), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03090.x
- Cocroft, R.B. & Ryan, M.J. (1995) Patterns of advertisement call evolution in toads and chorus frogs. Animal Behaviour, 49, 282-303. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1995.0043
- Das, I. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles recorded at Batu Apoi, a lowland dipterocarp forest in Brunei Darussalam. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 43, 157-180.
- Das, I. (2007) Amphibians and reptiles of Brunei. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, viii + 200 pp.
- Das, I., Jankowski, A., Makmor, M.I.B. & Haas, A. (2008) Species diversity, elevational distribution and reproductive modes in an amphibian community at the Matang Range, Sarawak (Borneo). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 104, 141-174.
- Das, I., Pui, Y.M., Tyan, P.S., bin Wahab, T., Kulis, J., bin Kiprawi, H., Balton, M., bin Sidik, H., Suing, A., Jalin, B., bin Bakar, T., bin Abdul Rashid, M.F., Hertwig, S., Haas, A. & Grafe, U. (2016) A field guide to the amphibians of Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak (Borneo). Sarawak Forestry Corporation, Kuching, 60 pp.
- de Queiroz, K. (2007) Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic Biology, 56, 879-886. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701701083
- Dehling, J.M. (2015a) A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Gunung Kinabalu, Borneo. Salamandra, 51, 1-11.
- Dehling, J.M. (2015b) On the identities of two enigmatic reed frog taxa from South Sudan, Rappia papyri Werner, 1908 and Rappia pachyderma Werner, 1908 (Amphibia: Anura: Hyperoliidae). Herpetozoa, 28, 39-47.
- Dehling, J.M. & Dehling, D.M. (2013) A new montane species of Philautus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from western Sarawak, Malaysia, Borneo. Zootaxa, 3686 (2), 277-288. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3686.2.8
- Dehling, J.M. & Dehling, D.M. (2017) A new wide-headed Fanged Frog of the Limnonectes kuhlii group (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from western Borneo with a redescription of Rana conspicillata Gunther, 1872. Zootaxa, 4317 (2), 291-309. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4317.2.6
- Dehling, J.M. & Dehling, D.M. (2021) Conserving ecological functions of frog communities in Borneo requires diverse forest landscapes. Global Ecology and Conservation, 26, e01481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01481
- Dehling, J.M. & Matsui, M. (2013) A new species of Leptolalax (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo). Zootaxa, 3670 (1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3670.1.2
- Dehling, J.M., Matsui, M. & Yambun Imbun, P. (2016) A new small montane species of Philautus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Gunung Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo). Salamandra, 52, 77-90.
- Emerson, S.B. (1992) Courtship and nest-building behavior of a Bornean frog, Rana blythi. Copeia, 1992, 1123-1127. https://doi.org/10.2307/1446654
- Emerson, S.B. (1994) Testing pattern predictions of sexual selection: a frog example. The American Naturalist, 143, 848-869. https://doi.org/10.1086/285636
- Emerson, S.B., Inger, R.F. & Iskandar, D.T. (2000) Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Fanged Frogs. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 16, 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0778
- Etter, L., Haas, A., Lee, C.C., Pui, Y.M., Das, I. & Hertwig, S.T. (2021) Out of the trap: A new phytothelm-breeding species of Philautus and an updated phylogeny of Bornean bush frogs (Anura: Rhacophoridae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 59, 1064-1096. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12465
- Evans, B.J., Brown, R.M., McGuire, J.A., Supriatna, J., Andayani, N., Diesmos, A., Iskandar, D., Melnick, D.J. & Cannatella, D.C. (2003) Phylogenetics of Fanged Frogs: testing biogeographical hypotheses at the interface of the Asian and Australian faunal zones. Systematic Biology, 526, 794-819. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390251063
- Flury, J.M., Haas, A., Brown, R.M., Das, I., Pui, Y.M., Kueh, B.-H., Scheidt, U., Iskandar, D.T., Jankowski, A. & Hertwig, S.T. (2021) Unexpectedly high levels of lineage diversity in Sundaland puddle frogs (Dicroglossidae: Occidozyga Kuhl and van Hasselt, 1822). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 163, 107210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107210
- Fouquet, A., Vences, M., Salducci, M.-D., Meyer, A., Marty, C., Blanc, M. & Gilles, A. (2007a) Revealing cryptic diversity using molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography in frogs of the Scinax ruber and Rhinella margaritifera species groups. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 567-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.006
- Fouquet, A., Gilles, A., Vences, M., Marty, C., Blanc, M. & Gemmell, N.J. (2007b) Underestimation of species richness in Neotropical Frogs revealed by mtDNA analyses. PLoS One, 2 (10), e1109. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001109
- Frederick, J.H., Iskandar, D.T., Riyanto, A., Hamidy, A., Reilly, S.B., Stubbs, A.L., Bloch, L.M., Bach, B. & McGuire, J.A. (2023) A new species of terrestrially-nesting fanged frog (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. PLoS One, 18 (12), e0292598. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292598
- Fukuyama, I., Matsui, M., Eto, K., Hossman, M.Y.B. & Nishikawa, K. (2021) Discovery of a deeply divergent and highly endemic frog lineage from Borneo: A taxonomic revision of Kalophrynus nubicola Dring, 1983 with descriptions of two new species (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 293, 326-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.06.016
- Gemel, R., Gassner, G. & Schweiger, S. (2019) Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien - 2018. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B fur Botanik und Zoologie, 121, 33- 248.
- Gerhardt, H.C. (1994) The evolution of vocalization in frogs and toads. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 25, 293- 324. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.25.1.293
- Gerhardt, H.C. & Huber, F. (2002) Acoustic communication in insects and anurans. Common problems and diverse solutions. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 531 pp.
- Goebel, A., Donnelly, J. & Atz, M. (1999) PCR primers and amplification methods for 12S ribosomal DNA, the control region, Cytochrome Oxidase I, and Cytochrome B in bufonids and other frogs, and an overview of PCR primers which have amplified DNA in amphibians successfully. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 11, 163-199. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1998.0538
- Goyes Vallejos, J. & Ahmad Sah, H.H. (2017) Limnonectes palavanensis (Smooth Guardian Frog): Predation. Herpetological Review, 48 (3), 608-609.
- Goyes Vallejos, J., Grafe, T.U., Sah, H.H.A. & Wells, K.D. (2017) Calling behavior of males and females of a Bornean frog with male parental care and possible sex-role reversal. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 71, 95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-017-2323-3
- Goyes Vallejos, J., Grafe, T.U. & Wells, K.D. (2018) Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal. Journal of Natural History, 52 (37-38), 2473-2485. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1539196
- Goyes Vallejos, J., Grafe, T.U. & Wells, K.D. (2019) Factors influencing tadpole deposition site choice in a frog with male parental care: An experimental field study. Ethology, 125, 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12820
- Grafe, T.U. & Keller, A. (2009) A Bornean amphibian hotspot: the lowland mixed dipterocarp rainforest at Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei Darussalam. Salamandra, 45, 25-38.
- Grafe, T.U., Goutte, S., Ahmadsah, H.H., Konopik, O., Scharmann, M. & Bauer, U. (2010) Updated checklist of the amphibians of the Ulu Temburong National Park and Brunei Darussalam. Scientia Bruneiana, 11, 53-59.
- Guindon, S., Dufayard, J., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W. & Gascuel, O. (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology, 59, 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010
- Hamidy, A., Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K. & Belabut, D.M. (2012) Detection of cryptic taxa in Leptobrachium nigrops (Amphibia, Anura, Megophryidae), with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3398 (1), 22-39. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3398.1.2
- Herr, M., Vallejos, J., Meneses, C., Abraham, R., Otterholt, R., Siler, C., Rico, E. & Brown, R. (2021) A new, morphologically cryptic species of Fanged Frog, genus Limnonectes (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae), from Mindoro Island, Central Philippines. Ichthyology & Herpetology, 109, 188-210. https://doi.org/10.1643/h2020095
- Hertwig, S.T., Min, P.Y., Haas, A. & Das, I. (2014) Dressed in black. A new Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Lissamphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from Gunung Murud, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo). Zootaxa, 3814 (3), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.9
- Hoang, D., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B. & Vinh, L. (2017) UFBoot2: Improving the Ultrafast Bootstrap Approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 518-522. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281
- Hoffmann, P. (1994) Fund der seltenen Rana palavanensis am Mt. Kinabalu auf Borneo. Salamandra, 30, 223-224.
- Hoffmann, P. (1995) Untersuchungen zur Anurenfauna des Mt. Kinabalu (Borneo). Teil II: Familien Ranidae, Rhacophoridae. Sauria, 17 (3), 9-17.
- Hoffmann, P. (1998) Brutpflegende Wasserfrosche aus Borneo. Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ), 51, 384-385.
- Hoffmann, P. (2002) Fortpflanzungsstrategien von Froschen aus Borneos Bergwaldern. Amphibia, 1, 28-32.
- Huelsenbeck, J. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17, 754-755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
- ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp.
- Inger, R.F. (1954) Systematics and zoogeography of Philippine Amphibia. Fieldiana: Zoology, 33, 183-531. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5571
- Inger, R.F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana Zoology, 52, 1-402. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3147
- Inger, R.F. (1985) Tadpoles of the forested regions of Borneo. Fieldiana Zoology, New Series, 26, i -v, 1-89. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3403
- Inger, R.F. & Stuebing, R.B. (1989) Frogs of Sabah (Sabah Parks Publication No. 10). Sabah Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu.
- Inger, R.F. & Stuebing, R.B. (1992) The montane amphibian fauna of northwestern Borneo. Malayan Nature Journal, 46, 41-51.
- Inger, R.F. & Voris, H.K. (1988) Taxonomic status and reproductive biology of Bornean tadpole-carrying frogs. Copeia, 1988, 1060-1062. https://doi.org/10.2307/1445733
- Inger, R.F., Voris, H.K. & Walker, P. (1986) Larval transport in a Bornean ranid frog. Copeia, 1986, 523-525. https://doi.org/10.2307/1445012
- Inger, R.F., Stuebing, R.B. & Tan, F.L. (1996) Frogs and toads. In: Wong, K.M. & Philipps, A. (Eds.), Kinabalu - Summit of Borneo. Sabah Society, Sabah Parks, Kota Kinabalu, pp. 352-367.
- Inger, R.F., Tan, F.L. & Yambun, P. (2000) The frog fauna of three parks in Sabah, Malaysia - Kinabalu Park, Crocker Range Park, and Tawau Hills Park. Sabah Parks Nature Journal, 3, 7-28.
- Inger, R.F., Stuebing, R.B., Grafe, T.U. & Dehling, J.M. (2017) A field guide to the frogs of Borneo. Third Edition. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, viii + 228 pp.
- Iskandar, D.T., Evans, B.J. & McGuire, J.A. (2014) A novel reproductive mode in frogs: a new species of Fanged Frog with internal fertilization and birth of tadpoles. PLoS One, 9 (12), e115884. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115884
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2018a) Limnonectes finchi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2018, e.T58333A114920775. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T58333A114920775.en (accessed 28 March 2023)
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2018b) Limnonectes palavanensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2018, e.T58362A114915470. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T58362A114915470.en (accessed 28 March 2023)
- Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B., Wong, T., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14, 587-589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
- Kapli, P., Lutteropp, S., Zhang, J., Kobert, K., Pavlidis, P., Stamatakis, A. & Flouri, T. (2017) Multi-rate Poisson tree processes for single-locus species delimitation under Maximum Likelihood and Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Bioinformatics, 33, 1630-1638. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx025
- Katoh, K. & Standley, D. (2013) MAFFT. Multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 772-780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
- Kiew, B.H. (1978) The nomenclature and identity of the Javanese frog Rana macrodon Dumeril and Bibron. Malayan Nature Journal, 31, 219-229.
- Kiew, B.H. (1984) Rana malesiana, a new frog from the Sunda Region. Malayan Nature Journal, 37, 153-161.
- Kohler, J., Jansen, M., Rodriguez, A., Kok, P.J.R., Toledo, L.F., Emmrich, M., Glaw, F., Haddad, C.F.B., Rodel, M.-O. & Vences, M. (2017) The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: Theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice. Zootaxa, 4251 (1), 1-124. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4251.1.1
- Kusrini, M.D., Rowley, J.J.L., Khairunnisa, L.R., Shea, G.M. & Altig, R. (2015) The reproductive biology and larvae of the first tadpole-bearing frog, Limnonectes larvaepartus. PLoS One, 10 (1), e116154. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116154
- Lakim, M.B., Yambun, P. & Airame, S. (1999) A comparative study of the amphibian population in reference to habitat disturbance across an elevational gradient in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Parks Natural Journal, 2, 27-44.
- Lama, J.M.N. & Senarillos, T.L.P. (2023) Tadpole transport behavior of the Philippine Small-disked Frog, Limnonectes parvus (Taylor, 1920), from western Mindanao, Philippines. Reptiles & Amphibians, 30, e20354. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v30i1.20354
- Maglangit, E.P.T., Amparado, O.A. & Borromeo, R.V.L. (2020) In situ parental observation of male Limnonectes leytensis eggs in Sambonotan Watershed, Dinagat Islands, Philippines. Southeast Asia Vertebrate Records, 2020, 1-3.
- Malkmus, R. (1994) Herpetologische Beobachtungen am Mt. Kinabalu, Nord-Borneo. IV. Mitteilungen des Zoologischen Museums Berlin, 79, 217-249. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19940700203
- Malkmus, R. (1996) Herpetologische Beobachtungen am Mount Kinabalu, Nord-Borneo. V. Mitteilungen des Zoologischen Museums Berlin, 72, 277-295. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19960720207
- Malkmus, R. & Matsui, M. (1997) Megophrys kobayashii, ein neuer pelobatider Frosch vom Mount Kinabalu. Sauria, 19, 31-37.
- Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians & Reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein, 424 pp.
- Manthey, U. (1983) Exkursion am Mt. Kinabalu 4100 m, Nord-Borneo. Teil 3: Checkliste der Herpetofauna oberhalb 600m uNN. Herpetofauna, 5 (23), 20-31.
- Matsui, M. (1979) Amphibians from Sabah I. Systematic and natural history notes. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 25, 303-346.
- Matsui, M. (1995) Calls produced by a "voiceless" frog, Rana blythi Boulenger 1920, from Peninsular Malaysia (Amphibia Anura). Tropical Zoology, 8, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1995.10539289
- Matsui, M. (1997) Call characteristics of Malaysian Leptolalax with a description of two new species (Anura: Pelobatidae). Copeia, 1997, 158-165. https://doi.org/10.2307/1447851
- Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K. & Eto, K. (2014) A new burrow-utilising fanged frog from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Anura: Dicroglossidae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 62, 679-687.
- Matsui, M., Nishimura, T., Eto, K., Kuraishi, N., Hamidy, A., Nishikawa, K. & Sudin, A. (2015) Genetic divergence in a Bornean Fanged Frog Limnonectes leporinus (Dicroglossidae, Anura). Current Herpetology, 34, 28-37. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.34.28
- Matsui, M., Kuraishi, N., Eto, K., Hamidy, A., Nishikawa, K., Shimada, T., Yambun, P., Vairappan, C.S. & Hossman, M.Y.B. (2016) Unusually high genetic diversity in the Bornean Limnonectes kuhlii -like fanged frogs (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 102, 305-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.06.009
- Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K., Eto, K. & Hossman, M.Y.B. (2017) A new species of Pelophryne from western Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo (Anura, Bufonidae). Zoological Science, 34, 345-350. https://doi.org/10.2108/zs170008
- Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K., Eto, K. & Hossman, M.Y.B. (2020) Two new Ansonia from mountains of Borneo (Anura, Bufonidae). Zoological Science, 37, 91-105. https://doi.org/10.2108/zs190078
- Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K., Shimada, T., Eto, K., Hamidy, A., Sudin, A., Hossman, M.Y.B., Gumal, M. & Vairappan, C.S. (2024) Revision of the Limnonectes kuhlii -like Fanged Frogs from Malaysian Borneo (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae). Current Herpetology, 43, 226-277. https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.43.226
- McLeod, D.S. (2010) Of Least Concern? Systematics of a cryptic species complex: Limnonectes kuhlii (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 991-1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.004
- Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 2010, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
- Minh, B., Nguyen, M. & von Haeseler, A. (2013) Ultrafast approximation for phylogenetic bootstrap. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 1188-1195. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst024
- National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (1988-2024): National Library of Medicine (US). National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ (last accessed 29th October 2023)
- Nguyen, L., Schmidt, H., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. (2015) IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating Maximum-Likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32 (1), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
- Padial, J.M., Miralles, A., De la Riva, I. & Vences, M. (2010) The integrative future of taxonomy. Frontiers in Zoology, 7, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-7-16
- Pauly, G., Hillis, D. & Cannatella, D. (2004) The history of a nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution, 58, 2517-2535. https://doi.org/10.1554/04-208
- Portik, D.M., Streicher, J.W. & Wiens, J.J. (2023) Frog phylogeny: A time-calibrated, species-level tree based on hundreds of loci and 5,242 species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 188, 107907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107907
- Puillandre, N., Brouillet, S. & Achaz, G. (2020) ASAP: assemble species by automatic partitioning. Molecular Ecology Resources, 21, 609-620. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13281
- Pyron, R.A. & Wiens, J.J. (2011) A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, 543-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012
- Rambaut, A., Drummond, A., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M. (2018) Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67, 901-904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
- Rasolonjatovo, S.M., Scherz, M.D., Hutter, C.R., Glaw, F., Rakotoarison, A., Razafindraibe, J.H., Goodman, S.M., Raselimanana, A.P. & Vences, M. (2020) Sympatric lineages in the Mantidactylus ambreensis complex of Malagasy frogs originated allopatrically rather than by in-situ speciation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 144, 106700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106700
- Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. & Huelsenbeck, J. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
- Rowley, J.J.L. & Altig, R. (2012) Nidicolous development in Limnonectes limborgi (Anura, Dicroglossidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 33, 145-149. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853812X626179
- Roelants, K., Jiang, J. & Bossuyt, F. (2004) Endemic ranid (Amphibia: Anura) genera in southern mountain ranges of the Indian subcontinent represent ancient frog lineages: evidence from molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31, 730-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2003.09.011
- Ryan, M.J. (1986) Factors influencing the evolution of acoustic communication: biological constraints. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 28, 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1159/000118693
- Sanguila, M.B., Cobb, K.A., Siler, C.D., Diesmos, A.C., Alcala, A.C. & Brown, R.M. (2016) The amphibians and reptiles of Mindanao Island, southern Philippines, II: the herpetofauna of northeast Mindanao and adjacent islands. ZooKeys, 624, 1-132. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.624.9814
- Santos, J.C. & Cannatella, D.C. (2011) Phenotypic integration emerges from aposematism and scale in poison frogs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (15), 6175-6180. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.101095210
- Scherz, M.D., Crottini, A., Hutter, C.R., Hildenbrand, A., Andreone, F., Fulgence, T.R., Kohler, G., Ndriantsoa, S.H., Ohler, A., Preick, M., Rakotoarison, A., Rancilhac, L., Raselimanana, A.P., Riemann, J.C., Rodel, M.-O., Rosa, G.M., Streicher, J.R., Vieites, D.R., Kohler, J., Hofreiter, M., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2022) An inordinate fondness for inconspicuous brown frogs: integration of phylogenomics, archival DNA analysis, morphology, and bioacoustics yields 24 new taxa in the subgenus Brygoomantis (genus Mantidactylus) from Madagascar. Megataxa, 7, 113-311. https://doi.org/10.11646/megataxa.7.2.1
- Sclater, W.L. (1892) On some specimens of frogs in the Indian Museum, Calcutta with description of several new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1892, 341-348.
- Setiadi, M.I., McGuire, J.A., Brown, R.M., Zubairi, M., Iskandar, D.T., Andayani, N., Supriatna, J. & Evans, B.J. (2011) Adaptive radiation and ecological opportunity in Sulawesi and Philippine fanged frogs (Limnonectes) communities. The American Naturalist, 178, 221-240. https://doi.org/10.1086/660830
- Siler, C.D., McVay, J.D., Diesmos, A.C. & Brown, R.M. (2009) A new species of Fanged Frog, genus Limnonectes (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossifae) from Southeast Mindanao Island, Philippines. Herpetologica, 65, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1655/08-041R1.1
- Smith, M.A. (1925) Contributions to the herpetology of Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 8, 15-34.
- Smith, M. (1927) Contributions to the herpetology of the Indo-Australian region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 97, 199-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1927.tb02255.x
- Smith, M.A. (1931) The herpetology of Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo, 13,455 ft. The Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 5, 8-32.
- Stoliczka, F. (1870) Observations on some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1870, 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937008696209
- Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA 11: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38, 3022-3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
- Taylor, E.H. (1920) Philippine Amphibia. The Philippine Journal of Science, 16, 213-359. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4751
- Taylor, E.H. (1923) Additions to the herpetological fauna of the Philippine Islands, III. The Philippine Journal of Science, 22, 515-555.
- Trifinopoulos, J., Nguyen, L., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. (2016) W-IQ-TREE: a fast online phylogenetic tool for maximum likelihood analysis. Nucleic Acids Research, 44, W232-W235. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw256
- van Kampen, P.N. (1923) The Amphibia of the Indo-Australian archipelago. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xii + 304 pp. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004590182
- Vences, M., Thomas, M., van der Meijden, A., Chiari, Y. & Vieites, D. (2005a) Deciphering amphibian diversity through DNA barcoding: chances and challenges. Philosophical transactions of The Royal Society B, 360, 1859-1868. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1717
- Vences, M., Thomas, M., van der Meijden, A.Y., Chiari, Y. & Vieites, D.R. (2005b) Comparative performance of the 16S rRNA gene in DNA barcoding of amphibians. Frontiers in Zoology, 2, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-2-5
- Vieites, D., Min, M. & Wake, D. (2007) Rapid diversification and dispersal during periods of global warming by plethodontid salamanders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 19903-19907. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705056104
- Vieites, D., Wollenberg, K., Andreone, F., Kohler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 8267-8272. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810821106
- Waser, L.E., Schweizer, M., Haas, A., Das, I., Jankowski, A., Pui, Y.M. & Hertwig, S.T. (2017) From a lost world: an integrative phylogenetic analysis of Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Lissamphibia: Anura: Bufonidae), with the description of a new species. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 17, 287-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-016-0294-2
- Wollenberg, K.C., Glaw, F., Meyer, A. & Vences, M. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of Malagasy reed frogs, Heterixalus, and the relative performance of bioacoustics and color-patterns for resolving their systematics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45, 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.024
- Zainudin, R., Alaudin, N.A., Naim, N., Amran, M.F., Sungif, N.A.M., Deka, E.Q.A., Agoh, M.M.A., Rais, S.M., Shen, A.Y.W., Pin, A.S.K., Rahim, N.A.A., Rais, S.M., Zulkifli, N.H., Tan, Y.J. & Tham, V. (2017) Amphibians. In: Mohd-Azlan, J., Tuen, A.A. & Das, I. (Eds.), Life from Headwaters to the Coast. Gunung Penrissen - The roof of Western Borneo. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan & Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, pp. 103-108.