Published March 3, 2025 | Version v1
Journal article Open

The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia

  • 1. Finnish Museum of Natural History, Fi-00014 University of Helsinki, PO Box 44, Finland

Description

Kröger, Björn (2025): The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia. European Journal of Taxonomy 978: 1-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2801/12801

Files

source.pdf

Files (33.3 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:6f1f2cfb9676702634f00ab8f78bd2e5
33.3 MB Preview Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

URL
https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/308989
LSID
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:422E6F06-B4C8-4840-854C-811145D88B32
LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:6F1FFFFB96767026FFF0FFB8FF8BFFE5
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/6F1FFFFB96767026FFF0FFB8FF8BFFE5

References

  • Achab A., Asselin E., Desrochers A., Riva J.F. & Farley C. 2011. Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of a new Upper Ordovician stratigraphic framework for Anticosti Island, Canada. GSA Bulletin 123 (1-2): 186-205. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30131.1
  • Ainsaar L., Truumees J. & Meidla T. 2015. The position of the Ordovician -Silurian boundary in Estonia tested by high-resolution δ13C chemostratigraphic correlation. In: Ramkumar M. (ed.) Chemostratigraphy: 395-412. Elsevier, New York. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-419968-2.00015-7
  • Angelin N.P. & Lindstrom G. 1880. Fragmenta Silurica. Samson and Wallin, Stockholm. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63278
  • Antell G.T., Benson R.B.J. & Saupe E.E. 2024. Spatial standardization of taxon occurrence data -a call to action. Paleobiology 50 (2):177-193. https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2023.36
  • Aubrechtova M. & Meidla T. 2020. Lituitid cephalopods from the upper Darriwilian and basal Sandbian (Middle -Upper Ordovician) of Estonia. GFF 142 (4): 267-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2020.1762723
  • Balashov Z.G. 1953a. Stratigraficheskoe rasprostranenie nautiloidej v ordovike Pribaltiki. In: Sokolov B.S. & Obut A.M. (ed.) Stratigraphy and Fauna of the Ordovician and Silurian of the Western Part of Russian platform: 197-216. Gostoptehizdat, Leningrad.
  • Balashov Z.G. 1953b. Svernutye i polisvernutye nautiloidei ordovika pribaltiki. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Neftyanogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-Razvednoknogo Instituta 78: 217-268.
  • Balashov Z.G. 1955. Some new genera and species of Nautiloidea from the Ordovician of the Baltic Area. Voprosy Paleontologij 2: 45-54.
  • Balashov Z.G. 1959. Nekotorye novye vidy nautiloidej ordovika, silura i devona SSSR. Materialy k "Osnovam paleontologii" 3: 37-46.
  • Balashov Z.G. 1962a. Nadotrad Endoceratoidea. Endoceratoidei. In: Orlov U.A. (ed.) Osnovy paleontologii. Spravocnik dla paleontologov i geologov SSSR. Molluski - golovonogie. Nautiloidei, endoceratoidei, aktinoceratoidei, baktritoidei, ammonoidei (agoniatidy, goniatidy, klimenii): 173-203. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk, Moskva.
  • Balashov Z.G. 1962b. Nautiloidei ordovika sibirskoi platformy. Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta, St Petersburg.
  • Balashov Z.G. 1962c. Otrad Tarphyceratida. In: Orlov U.A. (ed.) Osnovy paleontologii. Spravocnik dla paleontologov i geologov SSSR. Molluski - golovonogie. Nautiloidei, endoceratoidei, aktinoceratoidei, baktritoidei, ammonoidei (agoniatidy, goniatidy, klimenii): 77-82. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk, Moskva.
  • Balashov Z.G. 1968. Endoceratoidei ordovika SSSR. Isdatelstvo Leningradskogo Universiteta, Leningrad.
  • Balashov Z.G. 1974. Endoceratida. In: Ruzhentsev V.E. (ed.) Fundamentals of Paleontology Vol. V, Mollusca - Cephalopoda I Vol. V: 74-81. Smithsonian Institution Libraries Translations Program, Jerusalem.
  • Balashov Z.G. 1975. Cefalopody molodovskogo i kitayogorodskogo gorizontov Podolii. Voprosy Paleontologii 7: 63-101.
  • Balashov Z.G. & Zhuravlyeva F.A. 1962. Otrad Orthoceratida.In: Orlov U.A. (ed.)Osnovy paleontologii. Spravocnik dla paleontologov i geologov SSSR. Molluski - golovonogie. Nautiloidei, endoceratoidei, aktinoceratoidei, baktritoidei, ammonoidei (agoniatidy, goniatidy, klimenii): 82-93. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk, Moskva.
  • Balashov Z.G. & Zhuravleva F.A. 1974. Order Orthoceratida. In: Ruzhentsev V.E. (ed.) Fundamentals of Paleontology, Vol. V, Mollusca - Cephalopoda I, Vol. V: 106-123. Smithsonian Institution Libraries Translations Program, Jerusalem.
  • Baldridge E., Harris D.J., Xiao X. & White E.P. 2016. An extensive comparison of species-abundance distribution models. PeerJ 4: e2823. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2823
  • Barrande J. 1866. Systeme Silurien du centre de la Boheme, I.ere partie, Recherches Paleontologiques, vol. II, Classe de Mollusques, Ordre des Cephalopodes, ser. 7. Privately published, Praha. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14776
  • Barrande J. 1867. Systeme Silurien du centre de la Boheme, I.ere partie, Recherches Paleontologiques, vol. II, Classe de Mollusques, Ordre des Cephalopodes, ser. 1. Privately published, Praha. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14776
  • Barrande J. 1868. Systeme Silurien du centre de la Boheme, I.ere partie, Recherches Paleontologiques, vol. II, Classe de Mollusques, Ordre des Cephalopodes, ser. 8. Privately published, Praha. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14776
  • Barskov I.S. 1972. Late Ordovician and Silurian Cephalopod Molluscs of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia. Nauka, Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universitate, Moskva.
  • Bassler R.S. 1915. Bibliographic index of American Ordovician and Silurian fossils. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 92: 1-1521. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.92
  • Bicknell R.D.C., Vargas-Parra E.E., Landman N.H. & Parnaste H. 2024. Evidence for cryptic molting behavior in the trilobite Toxochasmops vormsiensis from the Upper Ordovician Katian Korgessaare Formation, Estonia. Naturwissenschaften 111 (3): 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-024-01906-8
  • Billings E. 1857. Report for the year 1856. Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress for the Years 1853, 54, 55, 56: 247-345.
  • Billings E. 1866. Catalogues of the Silurian fossils of the Island of Anticosti, with descriptions of some new genera and species. Geological Survey of Canada 93: 1-93. https://doi.org/10.4095/216072
  • Blake J.F.A. 1882. Monograph of the British Fossil Cephalopoda, Part 1, Introduction and Silurian Species. John Van Voorst, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52044
  • Bolton T.E. 1977.Catalogue of Type Invertebrate Fossils of the Geological Survey of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
  • Calner M., Lehnert O. & Nilvak J. 2010. Palaeokarst evidence for widespread regression and subaerial exposure in the middle Katian (Upper Ordovician) of Baltoscandia: Significance for global climate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 296 (3-4): 235-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.028
  • Candela Y. 2015. Evolution of Laurentian brachiopod faunas during the Ordovician Phanerozoic sea level maximum. Earth-Science Reviews 141: 27-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.012
  • Chapman E.J. 1857. On the occurrence of the genus Cryptoceras in Silurian rocks.Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 2 20: 114-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935709487883
  • Clarke J.M. 1897. The Lower Silurian cephalopoda of Minnesota. Minnesota Geology and Natural History Survey 3 (2): 761-812.
  • Conrad T.A. 1842. Descriptions of new species of organic remains belonging to the Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous systems of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia 8: 235-280. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24623233 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Conrad T.A. 1843. Observations on the Lead Bearing Limestone of Wisconsin, and descriptions of a new genus of Trilobites and fifteen new Silurian fossils. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1: 329-335. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1779429 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Cuvier G. 1797. Tableau elementaire de l'Histoire naturelle des Animaux. No publisher recorded, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11203
  • Dzik J. 1984. Phylogeny of the Nautiloidea. Palaeontologia Polonica 45: 1-203.
  • Dzik J. & Kiselev G.N. 1995. The Baltic nautiloids Cyrtoceras ellipticum Lossen 1860, C. priscum Eichwald 1861, and Orthoceras damesi Krause 1877. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 69 (1-2): 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985974
  • Eichwald E.D. von 1840. Uber das silurische Schichtensystem in Esthland. Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaften und Heilkunde der Akademie St Petersburg 8: 1-327. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150763
  • Eichwald E.D. von 1842. Die Urwelt Russlands durch Abbildungen erlaeutert. 2. Heft. Neuer Beitrag zur Geognosie Esthlands und Finlands. Akademie der Wissenschaften, St Petersburg.
  • Eichwald E.D. von 1857. Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere Russlands. Alte Periode. Bulletin de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 30: 192-212. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44192481 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Eichwald E.D. von 1860.Lethaea Rossica ou Paleontologie de la Russie. Premiere Section de l'ancienne Periode, contenant la Flore de l'ancienne Periode et la Faune jusqu'aux Mollusques. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52391
  • Einasto R. 2012. Saxby rannikupaljandis Vormsil. Keskkonnatehnika (6): 41-43.
  • Evans D.H. 1993.The cephalopod fauna of the Killey Bridge Formation (Ordovician, Ashgill), Pomeroy, County Tyrone. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 12: 155-189.
  • Finnegan S., Bergmann K., Eiler J.M., Jones D.S., Fike D.A., Eisenman I., Hughes N.C., Tripati A.K. & Fischer W.W. 2011. The magnitude and duration of Late Ordovician -Early Silurian glaciation. Science 331 (6019): 903-906. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200803
  • Flower R.H. 1940. The superfamily Discosoridea (Nautiloidea). Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 51: 1969-1970.
  • Flower R.H. 1941. Development of the mixochoanites. Journal of Paleontology 15 (5): 523-548.
  • Flower R.H. 1943a. Apsidoceras in the Trenton of Montreal. Journal of Paleontology 17 (3): 258-263.
  • Flower R.H. 1943b. Studies of paleozoic Nautiloidea. I: Tissue remnants in the phragmocone of Rayonnoceras. II. Werneroceras in the Devonian of New York. III. A Ohioceras from Virginia. IV. Investigations of actinosiphonate cephalopods. V. New Ordovician cephalopods from Indiana with notes on stratigraphic problems. VI. Annulated orthoceraconic genera of Paleozoic Nautiloids. Bulletins of American Paleontology 28 (109): 1-140. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10679031 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Flower R.H. 1946. Ordovician cephalopods from the Cincinnati region. Part 1. Bulletins of American Paleontology 29 (116): 3-547. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10650257 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Flower R.H. 1957. Studies of the Actinoceratida, Part 1, The Ordovician development of the Actinocerida, with notes on actinoceroid morphology and Ordovician stratigraphy. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir 2: 1-73. https://doi.org/10.58799/M-2
  • Flower R.H. 1962. Part 1, Revision of Buttsoceras, Part 2, Notes on the Michelinoceratida. State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Memoir 10: 1-58. https://doi.org/10.58799/M-10
  • Flower R.H. 1963. New Ordovician Ascoceratida. Journal of Paleontology 37 (1): 69-85.
  • Flower R.H. & Caster K.E. 1935. The cephalopod fauna of the Conewango Series of the Upper Devonian in New York and Pennsylvania. Bulletins of American Paleontology 22 (75): 197-270. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30374188 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Flower R.H. & Kummel B. 1950. A classification of the Nautiloidea. Journal of Paleontology 24: 604- 616.
  • Flower R.H. & Teichert C. 1957. The cephalopod order Discosorida. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 6: 1-144.
  • Foerste A.F. 1924. Notes on American Paleozoic cephalopods. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 20: 193-268.
  • Foerste A.F. 1925. Notes on cephalopod genera, chiefly coiled Silurian forms. Journal of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University 21: 1-69.
  • Foerste A.F. 1926. Actinosiphonate, trochoceroid and other cephalopods. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 21: 285-383.
  • Foerste A.F. 1928a.A restudy of American orthoconic Silurian cephalopods. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 23: 236-320.
  • Foerste A.F. 1928b. American arctic and related cephalopods. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 23: 1-110.
  • Foerste A.F. 1928c. Cephalopoda. In: Twenhofel W.H. (ed.) The Geology of Anticosti: 257-321. Department of Mines, Geological Survey, Ottawa.
  • Foerste A.F. 1928d. The cephalopods of Putnam Highland. Contributions from the Museum of Geology University of Michigan 3: 25-69.
  • Foerste A.F. 1929. The cephalopods of the Red River Formation of Southern Manitoba. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 24: 129-235.
  • Foerste A.F. 1930a. The color patterns of fossil cephalopods and brachiopods, with notes on gastropods and pelecypods. University of Michigan Contribution of the Museum of Paleontology 3 (6): 109-150.
  • Foerste A.F. 1930b. Port Byron and other Silurian cephalopods. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 23: 1-110.
  • Foerste A.F. 1932. Black River and other cephalopods from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario (Part 1). Journal of Scientific Laboratories of Denison University 27: 47-136.
  • Foerste A.F. 1933. Black River and other cephalopods from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario (Part 2). Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 28: 1-136.
  • Foerste A.F. 1935a. Big Horn and related cephalopods. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 30: 1-96.
  • Foerste A.F. 1935b. The cephalopods of the Maquoketa shale of Iowa. Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 30 (5): 231-257.
  • Foerste A.F. 1936. Cephalopods from the Upper Ordovician of Perce, Quebec. Journal of Paleontology 10: 373-384.
  • Foerste A.F. & Teichert C. 1930. The actinoceroids of east-central North America Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories 32: 201-296.
  • Foord A.H. 1891. Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History) Part 2, Containing the Remainder of the Suborder Nautiloidea, Consisting of the Families Lituitidae, Trochoceratidae, and Nautilidae, with a Supplement. British Museum, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.112429
  • Fortey R.A. & Cocks L.R.M. 2005. Late Ordovician global warming -The Boda event. Geology 33 (5): 405-408. https://doi.org/10.1130/G21180.1
  • Frey R.C. 1995. Middle and Upper Ordovician cephalopods of the Cincinnati Region of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1066P: 1-119. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1066P
  • Frye M.W. 1982. Upper Ordovician (Harjuan) nautiloid cephalopods from the Boda Limestone of Sweden. Journal of Paleontology 56: 1274-1292.
  • Frye M.W. 1987. Upper Ordovocian (Harjuan) oncoceratid nautiloids from Boda Limestone, Siljan District, Sweden. Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar 109: 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/11035898709454748
  • Furnish W.M. & Glenister B.F 1964. Nautiloidea-Tarphycerida. In: Teichert C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3: K343-K368. Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, Boulder, CO.
  • Goldman D., Sadler P.M., Leslie S.A., Melchin M.J., Agterberg F.P. & Gradstein F.M. 2020. Chapter 20 - The Ordovician period geologic time scale 2020. In: Gradstein F.M., Ogg J.G., Schmitz M.D. & Ogg G.M. (eds.): 631-694. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824360-2.00020-6
  • Greenfield T. 2023. Endoceras novamagnum nom. nov., a replacement name for Endoceras magnum Stumbur, 1956 (Cephalopoda, Endocerida). Munis Entomology & Zoology 18 (2): 1790-1790.
  • Gu Z., Eils R. & Schlesner M. 2016. Complex heatmaps reveal patterns and correlations in multidimensional genomic data. Bioinformatics 32 (18): 2847-2849. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw313
  • Guenser P., Ginot S., Escarguel G. & Goudemand N. 2022. When less is more and more is less: the impact of sampling effort on species delineation. Palaeontology 65 (3): e12598. https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12598
  • Gul B., Ainsaar L. & Meidla T. 2021. Latest Ordovician -early Silurian palaeoenvironmental changes and palaeotemperature trends indicated by stable carbon and oxygen isotopes from northern Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 70 (4): 196-209. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.14
  • Hall J. 1847. Natural History of New York, Paleontology, Volume 1, Containing Descriptions of the Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New-York System (equivalent of the Lower Silurian Rocks of Europe). Van Benthuysen, Albany, NY. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.39838
  • Hall J. 1861. Report of the Superintendent of the (Wisconsin) Geological Survey, Exhibiting the Progress of the Work, January 1, 1861 (Including the Descriptions of New Species of Fossils from the Investigations of the Survey. E.A. Calkins and Co., Madison, WI. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62903
  • Harper D.A.T., Rasmussen C.M.O., Liljeroth M., Blodgett R.B., Candela Y., Jin J., Percival I.G., Rong J.-Y., Villas E. & Zhan R.-B. 2013. Chapter 11 Biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeography of Ordovician rhynchonelliform brachiopods. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 38 (1): 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1144/M38.11
  • Hints L. & Meidla T. 1997a. Pirgu Stage. In: Raukas A. & Teedumae A. (eds) Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia: 82-85. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn.
  • Hints L. & Meidla T. 1997b. Vormsi Stage. In: Raukas A. & Teedumae A. (eds) Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia: 81-82. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn.
  • Hints L. & Rong J.-Y. 2024. Discovery of trimerellid brachiopod Gasconsia from the Ordovician of Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 73 (2): 124-133. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2024.12
  • Hints L., Oraspold A. & Nolvak J. 2005. The Pirgu Regional Stage (Upper Ordovician) in the East Baltic: lithostratigraphy, biozonation and correlation. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology 54 (4): 225-259. https://doi.org/10.3176/geol.2005.4.02
  • Hints O., Delabroye A., Nolvak J., Servais T., Uutela A. & Wallin A. 2010. Biodiversity patterns of Ordovician marine microphytoplankton from Baltica: Comparison with other fossil groups and sea-level changes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 294 (3): 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.003
  • Hints O., Ainsaar L., Lepland A., Liiv M., Mannik P., Meidla T., Nolvak J. & Radzevicius S. 2023. Paired carbon isotope chemostratigraphy across the Ordovician -Silurian boundary in central East Baltic: Regional and global signatures. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 624: 111640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111640
  • Holland C.H. & Copper P. 2008. Ordovician and Silurian nautiloid cephalopods from Anticosti Island: traject across the O/S Mass extinction boundary. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48: 1015-1038. https://doi.org/10.1139/E08-048
  • Horny R.J. 1956. On the genus Dawsonoceras Hyatt, 1884 (Nautiloidea) of Central Bohemia. Sbornik Ustredniho Ustavu geologickeho, Oddil paleontologicky 22: 425-452.
  • Hsieh T.C., Ma K.H. & Chao A. 2016. iNEXT: An R package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity (Hill numbers). Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7 (12): 1451-1456. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12613
  • Hucke K. & Voigt E. 1967. Einfuhrung in die Geschiebeforschung (Sedimentargeschiebe). Nederlandse Geologische Vereniging, Oldenzaal.
  • Hyatt A. 1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 22: 253-338. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42025344 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Hyatt A. 1894. Phylogeny of an acquired characteristic. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 32 (143): 349-647. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59826
  • Hyatt A. 1900. Cephalopoda. In: Zittel K.A.V. (ed.) Textbook of Paleontology, 1. Second Edition, Translated and Edited by C.R. Eastmann: 502-592. Macmillan and Co, London.
  • Isakar M. & Sinicyna I. 1985. Redescription of E. Eichwald's Ordovician bivalve species. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised Geoloogia / IZVIСTii AKadIмii нaUK EСTOнСKOЙ ССР GIOЛOGii 34 (2): 46-54. https://doi.org/10.3176/geol.1985.2.02
  • Jaanusson V. 1944. Ubersicht uber die Stratigraphie der Lyckholm-Komplexstufe. Bulletin de la Commission geologique de Finlande 16: 92-100.
  • Jeon J. & Toom U. 2024. First report of an aulaceratid stromatoporoid from the Ordovician of Baltica. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 73 (2): 71-80. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2024.07
  • Kaljo D., Hints L., Hints O., Mannik P., Martma T. & Nolvak J. 2011. Katian prelude to the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) mass extinction: a Baltic perspective. Geological Journal 46 (5): 464-477. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.1301
  • Karsten G. 1869. Die Versteinerungen des Uebergangsgebirges in den Gerollen der Herzogthumer Schleswig und Holstein. Beitrage zur Landeskunde der Herzogthumer Schleswig und Holstein, Reihe 1 1: 1-85.
  • Kiipli E., Kiipli T., Kallaste T. & Ainsaar L. 2010. Distribution of phosphorus in the Middle and Upper Ordovician Baltoscandian carbonate palaeobasin. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 59: 247-255. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2010.4.01
  • Kiselev G.N. 1990. Klass Cephalopoda. In: Kiselev G.N., Sinicyna I.N., Isakar M.A., Mironova M.G. & Saladzhius V.Y. (eds) Atlas molluskov verhnego ordovika i silura severo-zapada Vostocno-Evropejskoj platformy: 33-65. Izdatielstvo Leningradskogo Universiteta, Leningrad.
  • Kiselev G.N. 1991. Revizia pozdneordovikskikh i siluriskikh tsefalopod Pribaltiki iz kollektsii E.I. Eichwalda. Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists Geological series 66 (4): 85-101.
  • Korn D. & Klug C. 2003. Morphological pathways in the evolution of Early and Middle Devonian ammonoids. Paleobiology 29: 329-348. https://doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0329:MPITEO>2.0.CO;2
  • Kroger B. 2007. Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52: 591-608.
  • Kroger B. 2013. The cephalopods of the Boda Limestone, Late Ordovician, of Dalarna, Sweden. European Journal of Taxonomy 41: 1-110. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2013.41
  • Kroger B. 2025. Additional data to "The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi -Pirgu regional stages), Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia". Dataset. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14833042
  • Kroger B. & Aubrechtova M. 2017. Cephalopods from reef limestone of the Vasalemma Formation, northern Estonia (latest Sandbian, Upper Ordovician) and the establishment of a local warm-water fauna. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology16 (10): 799-849. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1347212
  • Kroger B. & Aubrechtova M. 2019. The cephalopods of the Kullsberg Limestone Formation, Upper Ordovician, central Sweden and the effects of reef diversification on cephalopod diversity. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (12): 961-995. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1491899
  • Kroger B. & Ebbestad J.O.R. 2014. Palaeoecology and palaeogeography of Late Ordovician (Katian - Hirnantian) cephalopods of the Boda Limestone, Siljan district, Sweden. Lethaia 47 (1): 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12034
  • Kroger B. & Isakar M. 2006. Revision of annulated orthoceridan cephalopods of the Baltoscandic Ordovician. Fossil Record 9 (1): 139-165. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200600005
  • Kroger B. & Rasmussen J.A. 2014. Middle Ordovician cephalopod biofacies and palaeoenvironments of Baltoscandia. Lethaia 47 (2): 275-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12057
  • Kroger B., Servais T. & Zhang Y. 2009a. The origin and initial rise of pelagic cephalopods in the Ordovician. PLoS ONE 4 (9): e7262. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007262
  • Kroger B., Zhang Y. & Isakar M. 2009b. Discosorids and oncocerids (Cephalopoda) of the Middle Ordovician Kunda and Aseri Regional Stages of Baltoscandia and the early evolution of these groups. Geobios 42: 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2008.09.006
  • Kroger B., Ebbestad J.O.R., Hogstrom A.E.S. & Frisk A.M. 2011. Mass concentration of Hirnantian cephalopods from the Siljan District, Sweden; taxonomy, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeographic relationship. Fossil Record 14: 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201000014
  • Kroger B., Hints L. & Lehnert O. 2016. Ordovician reef and mound evolution: The Baltoscandian picture. Geological Magazine 154 (4): 683-706. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756816000303
  • Kroger B., Penny A., Shen Y. & Munnecke A. 2019. Algae, calcitarchs and the Late Ordovician Baltic limestone facies of the Baltic Basin. Facies 66: 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-019-0585-0
  • Kuhn O. 1940. Palaozoologie in Tabellen. Fischer Verlag, Jena.
  • Kuhn O. 1949. Lehrbuch der Palaozoologie. Schweitzerbart, Stuttgart.
  • Lehmann U. 1987. Cephalopodenreste aus dem Kaolinsand von Braderup auf Sylt. In: Hacht U.V. (ed.) Fossilien von Sylt II: 185-201. Inge-Marie von Hacht Verlag und Verlagsbuchhandlung, Hamburg.
  • Levendal T.C., Lehnert O., Sopher D., Erlstrom M. & Juhlin C. 2019. Ordovician carbonate mud mounds of the Baltoscandian Basin in time and space - A geophysical approach. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 535: 109345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109345
  • Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm [Holmiae]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
  • Lossen C. 1860. Uber einige Lituiten. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft 12: 15-28. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34776055 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Manda S. & Turek V. 2018. Silurian tarphycerid Discoceras (Cephalopoda, Nautiloidea): Systematics, embryonic development and paleoecology. Journal of Paleontology 92 (3): 412-431. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.122
  • Mannik P., Lehnert O., Nolvak J. & Joachimski M.M. 2021. Climate changes in the pre-Hirnantian Late Ordovician based onδ18 O phos studies from Estonia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 569: 110347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110347
  • M'Coy F. 1844.Synopsis of the Characters of the Carboniferous Limestone Fossils of Ireland. University Press, Dublin. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11559
  • McLaughlin P.I., Vandenbroucke T.R.A., Esteves C.J.P., Bancroft A.M., Paton T.R., Williams M., Brett C.E., Farnam C. & Emsbo P. 2023. The late Katian Elkhorn event: Precursor to the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 72 (1): 148. https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2023.46
  • Meek F.B. & Worthen A.H. 1866. Contributions to the palaeontology of Illinois and other western states. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 251-275. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1861711 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Meidla T. 1983. Die Ostrakoden aus den Grenzschichten der Vormsi- und Pirgu-Stufen Westestlands. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised Geoloogia / IZViсtii Akadiмii нauk Eсtoнсkoй ССР Gioлogii 32 (2): 53-59. https://doi.org/10.3176/geol.1983.2.02
  • Meidla T., Ainsaar L., Hints O. & Radzevicius S. 2023. Ordovician of the Eastern Baltic palaeobasin and the Tornquist Sea margin of Baltica. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 532 (1): SP532-2022. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-141
  • Melchin M.J., Mitchell C.E., Holmden C. & Storch P. 2013. Environmental changes in the Late Ordovician -early Silurian: Review and new insights from black shales and nitrogen isotopes. Geological Society of America Bulletin 125 (11-12): 1635-1670. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30812.1
  • Miller A.K. 1932. The cephalopods of the Bighorn formation of the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 31: 193-297.
  • Miller A.K. & Carrier J.B. 1942. Ordovician Cephalopods from the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology 16 (5): 531-548.
  • Miller A.K. & Furnish W.M. 1937. Ordovician Cephalopods from the Black Hills, South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 11 (7): 535-551.
  • Miller A.K. & Youngquist W. 1947. Ordovician cephalopods from the west-central shore of Hudson Bay. Journal of Paleontology 21 (5): 409-419.
  • Miller A.K. & Youngquist W. 1949. The Maquoketa Coquina of Cephalopods. Journal of Paleontology 23 (2): 199-204.
  • Miller S.A. 1877. The American Palaeozoic Fossils: A Catalogue of the Genera and Species with Names of Authors, Dates, Places of Publication, Groups of Rocks in which Found, and the Etymology and Signification of the Words and an Introduction Devoted to the Stratigraphical Geology of the Palaeozoic Rocks. Published privately, Cincinnati, OH. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.57489
  • Miller S.A. & Faber C.L. 1894. New species of fossils from the Hudson River Group and remarks upon others. The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History 17: 22-33. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44085432 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Moore R.C. 1964. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3. University of Kansas Press, Boulder, CO.
  • Mutvei H. 1957. On the relations of the principal muscles to the shell in Nautilus and some fossil nautiloids. Arkiv for Mineralogi och Geologi 2: 219-254.
  • Mutvei H. 2013. Characterization of nautiloid orders Ellesmerocerida, Oncocerida, Tarphycerida, Discosorida and Ascocerida: new superorder Multiceratoidea. GFF 135 (2): 171-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2013.801034
  • Neben W. & Krueger H.H. 1973. Fossilien ordovizischer und silurischer Geschiebe. Staringia 2: 51-109.
  • Nelson S.J. 1963. Ordovician paleontology of the northern Hudson Bay Lowland. Geological Society of America Memoir 90: 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM90-p1
  • Nestor H & Einasto R. 1997. Ordovician and Silurian carbonate sedimentation basin. In: Raukas A. & Teedumae A. (eds) Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia: 192-204. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn.
  • Nielsen A.T. 2011.A re-calibrated revised sea-level curve for the Ordovician of Baltoscandia. Ordovician of the World: 11th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero 14: 399-402.
  • Nielsen A.T., Ahlberg P., Ebbestad J.O.R., Hammer O., Harper D.A.T., Lindskog A., Rasmussen C.M.O. & Stouge S. 2023. The Ordovician of Scandinavia: a revised regional stage classification. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 532 (1): SP532-2022. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-157
  • Niko S. 2008. Isorthoceras wahlenbergi, a new Late Ordovician cephalopod from the Boda Limestone of Dalarna, Sweden. Paleontological Research 12: 195-198.
  • Oksanen J., Guillaume Blanchet F., Kindt R., Legendre P., Minchin P.R., O'Hara R.B., Simpson G.L., Peter S., Stevens H.H. & Wagner H. 2013. vegan: Community Ecology Package.
  • Penny A.M., Hints O. & Kroger B. 2022. Carbonate shelf development and early Paleozoic benthic diversity in Baltica: A hierarchical diversity partitioning approach using brachiopod data. Paleobiology 48 (1): 44-64. https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2021.3
  • Pohle A., Kroger B., Warnock R.C.M., King A.H., Evans D.H., Aubrechtova M., Cichowolski M., Fang X. & Klug C. 2022. Early cephalopod evolution clarified through Bayesian phylogenetic inference. BMC Biol 20 (1): 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01284-5
  • Pohle A., Jell P. & Klug C. 2024. Plectronoceratids (Cephalopoda) from the latest Cambrian at Black Mountain, Queensland, reveal complex three-dimensional siphuncle morphology, with major taxonomic implications. PeerJ 12: e17003. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17003
  • Portlock J.E. 1843. Report on the Geology of the County of Londonderry and of parts of Tyrone and Fermanagh. Andrew Milliken, Dublin. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112391341-021
  • Puura V. & Vaher R. 1997. Tectonics. In: Raukas A. & Teedumae A. (eds) Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia: 163-180. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn.
  • Roemer C.F. 1861. Die fossile Fauna der silurischen Diluvial-Geschiebe von Sadewitz bei Oels in Nieder-Schlesien. Robert Nischkowsky, Breslau.
  • Roemer C.F. 1885. Lethaea erratica oder Aufzahlung und Beschreibung der in der norddeutschen Ebene vorkommenden Diluvialgeschiebe nordischer Sedimentar-Gesteine. Palaontologische Abhandlungen 2: 248-420. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11307585 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Roomusoks A. 1967.Stratigraphy of the Viruan and Harjuan series (Ordovician) in Northern Estonia I. Valgus, Tallinn.
  • Rudiger H. 1889. Ueber die Silur-Cephalopoden aus den Mecklenburgischen Diluvialgeschieben. Rathsbuchdruckerei von C. Michaal & A. Schuster, Gustrow. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14078
  • Saemann L. 1853. Uber die Nautiliden. Palaeontographica 3: 121-167. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33098171 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Saladzius V. 1966. Mollusc fauna of the Silurian deposits of the South of the East Baltic territory. Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Baltic and Byelorussia 1: 31-73.
  • Sauramo M. 1929.Zur Kenntnis der Geologie von Worms und Nucko, Estland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland (2): 17-36.
  • Schmidt F. 1858. Untersuchungen uber die Silurische Formation von Ehstland, Nord-Livland und Osel. Archiv fur die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands, 1 Serie (Mineralogische Wissenschaften, nebst Chemie, Physik und Erdbeschreibung) 2: 1-248.
  • Schmidt F. 1861. Nachtrage und Berichtigungen zu den Untersuchungen uber die Silurische Formation von Ehstland, Nord-Livland und Osel. Archiv fur die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands, 1 Serie (Mineralogische Wissenschaften, nebst Chemie, Physik und Erdbeschreibung) 2: 465-474.
  • Schroder, H. 1891. Untersuchungen uber silurische Cephalopoden. Palaeontologische Abhandlungen, Neue Folge 1: 1-48. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.25535
  • Shimizu S. & Obata T. 1935. New genera of Gotlandian and Ordovician Nautiloids. The Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute, Section II 2: 1-10.
  • Shimizu S. & Obata T. 1936. Study on the paleozoic cephalopods from Asia. Part I. Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute Section II 2: 85-146.
  • Sowerby J. 1816. The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain; or Coloured Figures and Descriptions of those Remains of Testaceous Animals or Shells which have been Preserved at Various Times and Depths in the Earth. Benjamin Meredith, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14408
  • Stein B. 1937. Vohilaiu geoloogiast. Eesti Loodus 5 (5): 198-204.
  • Stigall A.L. 2023. A review of the Late Ordovician (Katian) Richmondian Invasion of eastern Laurentia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 618: 111520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111520
  • Stokes C. 1840. On some species of Orthocerata. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, Series 2 5: 705-714. https://doi.org/10.1144/transgslb.5.3.705
  • Strand T. 1934. The Upper Ordovician Cephalopods of the Oslo Area. Norsk geologiske Tidsskrift 14: 1-117.
  • Stumbur H.A. 1956. O nautiloideah Kohilaskogo arusa (Verhnij Ordovik Pribaltiki). Tartu Riikliku Ulikooli Toimetised 42: 176-185.
  • Stumbur H.A. 1959. On the embryonic shells of some Ordovician Tarphyceratida. Paleontologicheski Zhurnal (2): 25-29.
  • Stumbur H.A. 1962. Rasprostranenie nautiloidei v ordovike Estonii (s opisaniem nekotorykh novykh rodov). ENSV Teaduste Akadeemia Geoloogia Instituudi Uurimused 10: 131-147.
  • Sweet W.C. 1958. The Middle Ordovician of the Oslo region of Norway. 10. Nautiloid cephalopods. Norsk Geologiske Tidsskrift 31: 1-178.
  • Sweet W.C. 1959. Ordovician and Silurian Cyrtogomphoceratidae (Nautiloidea) from the Oslo Region, Norway. Journal of Paleontology 33 (1): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.2307/1300808
  • Sweet W.C. 1964a. Barrandeocerida.In: Moore R.C. (ed.)Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3: K368-K382. University of Kansas Press, Boulder, CO.
  • Sweet W.C. 1964b. Oncocerida. In: Moore R.C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3: K277-K319. University of Kansas Press, Boulder, CO.
  • Sweet W.C. 1964c. Orthocerida. In: Moore R.C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3: K216-K261. University of Kansas Press, Boulder, CO.
  • Sweet W.C. & Miller A.K. 1957. Ordovician cephalopods from Cornwallis and Little Cornwallis Islands, district of Franklin, Northwest Territories. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 38: 1-86. https://doi.org/10.4095/101537
  • Teichert C. 1930. Die Cephalopoden-Fauna der Lyckholm-Stufe des Ostbaltikums. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 12: 264-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03044452
  • Teichert C. 1933. Der Bau der actinoceroiden Cephalopoden. Palaeontographica, A 77: 111-230.
  • Teichert C. 1939. Nautiloid Cephalopods from the Devonian of Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of West Australia 25: 103-121.
  • Teichert C. 1940. Contributions to nautiloid nomenclature. Journal of Paleontology 590-597.
  • Teichert C. 1964a. Actinoceratoidea. In: Moore R.C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3: K190-K216. Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, Boulder, CO.
  • Teichert C. 1964b. Discosorida. In: Moore R.C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Mollusca 3: K320-K342. Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, Boulder, CO.
  • Teichert C. & Glenister B.F. 1953. Ordovician and Silurian cephalopods from Tasmania. Bulletins of American Paleontology 34 (144): 1-54. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10672779 [accessed 20 Jan. 2025].
  • Teichert C. & Yochelson E.L. 1967. Major features of cephalopod evolution. Essays in Paleontology & Stratigraphy RC Moore Commemorative Volume: 162-210.
  • Thorslund P. 1936.Siljanomradets brannkalkstenar och kalkindustri. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Afhandlingar och Uppsater, C 398: 1-57.
  • Troedsson G.T. 1926. On the Middle and Upper Ordovician faunas of northern Greenland. I. Cephalopods. Meddeleser on GrOnland 71: 1-157.
  • Turek V. & Aubrechtova M. 2024. Micro-CT reveals 3D endosiphuncular structure in Late Ordovician actinoceratid cephalopod from the Prague Basin (Czech Republic).Bulletin of Geoscience s 99 (3): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1901
  • Vinn O. & Motus M.-A. 2012. Diverse early endobiotic coral symbiont assemblage from the Katian (Late Ordovician) of Baltica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 321: 137-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.028
  • Vinn O. & Wilson M.A. 2015. Symbiotic interactions in the Ordovician of Baltica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 436: 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.044
  • Westermann G.E.G. 1998. Life habits of nautiloids. In: Savazzi E. (ed.) Functional Morphology of the Invertebrate Skeleton: 263-298. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, NY.
  • Whiteaves J.F. 1890. Description of eight new species of fossils from the Cambro-Silurian rocks of Manitoba. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 2 7 (4): 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800189988
  • Whiteaves J.F. 1892. The Orthoceratidae of the Trenton limestone of the Winnipeg Basin. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 9 (4): 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800146035
  • Wilson A.E. 1961. Cephalopoda of the Ottawa formation of the Ottawa -St. Lawrence Lowland. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 67: 1-106. https://doi.org/10.4095/100585
  • Young S.A., Edwards C.T., Ainsaar L., Lindskog A. & Saltzman M.R. 2023. Seawater signatures of Ordovician climate and environment. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 532 (1): 137- 156. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP532-2022-258
  • Zou C., Qiu Z., Poulton S.W., Dong D., Wang H., Chen D., Lu B., Shi Z. & Tao H. 2018. Ocean euxinia and climate change "double whammy" drove the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Geology 46 (6): 535-538. https://doi.org/10.1130/G40121.1
  • Zhuravlyeva F.A. 1962. Otrad Oncocerida. In: Orlov U.A. (ed.) Osnovy paleontologii. Spravocnik dla paleontologov i geologov SSSR. Molluski - golovonogie. Nautiloidei, endoceratoidei, aktinoceratoidei, baktritoidei, ammonoidei (agoniatidy, goniatidy, klimenii): 102-115. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk.